treatments-xml/data/91/33/87/913387A63A62FF8F4694FA6FFA8938A1.xml
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<mods:title id="B909650089A38D790AAB59292A48CA05">A new subfamily of Trichoceridae (Diptera: Tipulomorpha) from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B62D5509D680B87ECF862F15F9FC6D1">Shcherbakov, Dmitry E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="913387A63A62FF8F4694FA6FFA8938A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944191" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154474647" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:913387A63A62FF8F4694FA6FFA8938A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/913387A63A62FF8F4694FA6FFA8938A1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<subSubSection id="5180653B3A62FF8C4694FA6FFE453CB1" box="[151,391,1442,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="192536B03A62FF8C4694FA6FFE453CB1" blockId="1.[151,391,1442,1469]" box="[151,391,1442,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<heading id="426D81DC3A62FF8C4694FA6FFE453CB1" bold="true" box="[151,391,1442,1469]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4694FA6FFE453CB1" bold="true" box="[151,391,1442,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A62FF8C4694FA6FFED13CB0" ID-CoL="89Q83" authority="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar, 2019" authorityName="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,275,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Ewaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4694FA6FFED13CB0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">Ewaurista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="30DD57D93A62FF8C471AFA6EFE453CB1" box="[281,391,1443,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5180653B3A62FF8C4694FA24FE233CF3" box="[151,481,1513,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="192536B03A62FF8C4694FA24FE233CF3" blockId="1.[151,481,1513,1535]" box="[151,481,1513,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4694FA24FEDE3CF3" bold="true" box="[151,284,1513,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<typeStatus id="C62188123A62FF8C4694FA24FF0E3CF3" box="[151,204,1513,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A62FF8C472AFA27FE483CF3" authority="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar, 2019" authorityName="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,394,1513,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Ewaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C472AFA27FE483CF3" box="[297,394,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">E. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="30DD57D93A62FF8C4792FA24FE233CF3" box="[401,481,1513,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" rank="species">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4792FA24FE233CF3" bold="true" box="[401,481,1513,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5180653B3A62FF8F4694F9E1FE3339BC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="192536B03A62FF8C4694F9E1FB3B3EF9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1580,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4694F9E1FEC83F49" bold="true" box="[151,266,1580,1605]" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Minute trichocerids with rather short legs (hind femur no longer than abdomen). Remarkably sexually dimorphic: male larger with pedicel more enlarged, costal space wider, Sc much longer, medial cells more elongate, anal lobe broader, 1A remote from wing margin and distally subtransverse (submarginal in female). Head and thorax dorsally with few, regularly arranged setae; male abdomen and terminalia with long bristles. Eyes bare. Meron entirely sclerotized, slightly wider than eucoxa. Tibial spurs present (1:2:2). 1st tarsomere subequal to four remaining tarsomeres combined. Crossvein
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4481F92CFD6C3FF4" box="[642,686,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">sc-r</emphasis>
subterminal. Rs originating about wing midlength, divided into R5 and R2+3+4, the latter connected by R2+3 crossvein to R1 near apex; short pterostigma around apical R1 section. Bases of M1+2 and M3 oblique. Distal M1+2 section (beyond
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C456EF8E4FC4B3E4C" box="[877,905,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">im</emphasis>
) longer than M2. CuA bent at
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C42F0F8E4FAE93E4C" box="[1267,1323,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">m-cu</emphasis>
at almost right angle, reclined beyond it;
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A62FF8C4400F880FDF93E68" box="[515,571,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">m-cu</emphasis>
just before M3+4 fork, nearer to wing margin than to M bifurcation. Setal fringe along wing margin moderately long and dense; veins without macrosetae. Gonocoxites elongate, without basal lobes forming ventral bridge. Gonostyles long, slender, with inner basal lobe. Parameres acute, diverging at about 60° and downcurved, as long as aedeagus. Female cerci long (as long as height of abdomen), sclerotized, markedly downcurved, acuminate apically; sternite 8 with oval apical incision. Three spermathecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="192536B03A61FF8F46C4FF5AFE3339BC" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,497,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F46C4FF5AFE9D39BC" bold="true" box="[199,351,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Composition</emphasis>
. Monobasic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5180653B3A61FF8F46C4FF71FAFE3868" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" type="description">
<paragraph id="192536B03A61FF8F46C4FF71FAFE3868" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F46C4FF71FE9839D9" bold="true" box="[199,346,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Comparison</emphasis>
. Distinct from all other genera in the characters listed under the subfamily diagnosis. The shape of the male gonostyle in
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F47BFFF2CFDED39F4" authority="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar, 2019" authorityName="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar" authorityYear="2019" box="[444,559,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Ewaurista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F47BFFF2CFDED39F4" box="[444,559,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Ewaurista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of some species of
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F45C8FF12FB3339F4" authority="Meigen, 1803" authorityName="Shcherbakov &amp; Azar" authorityYear="2019" box="[971,1265,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Trichocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F45C8FF12FB8439F4" box="[971,1094,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Trichocera</emphasis>
Meigen, 1803
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="30DD57D93A61FF8F42FCFF12FAE239F4" box="[1279,1312,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(subgenus
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F4694FEC9FE083811" authority="Dahl, 1966" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,458,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Trichocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Metatrichocera">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F4694FEC9FE873811" box="[151,325,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Metatrichocera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B4B413A61FF8F474FFEC9FE083811" author="Dahl, C." box="[332,458,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" pagination="93 - 118" refId="ref6263" refString="Dahl, C. (1966) Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of Swedish Trichoceridae (Dipt. Nemat.). Opuscula Entomologica, 31, 93 - 118." type="journal article" year="1966">Dahl, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, especially
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F444FFEC8FC5B3811" authority="Alexander, 1945" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1945" box="[588,921,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Trichocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetonensis">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F444FFEC8FD153810" box="[588,727,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">T. tetonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B4B413A61FF8F44DDFEC9FC5B3811" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[734,921,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" pagination="391 - 439" refId="ref5529" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1945). Records and descriptions of North American crane-flies (Diptera), part V. Tipuloidea of the Grand Teton National Park and Teton National Forest, Wyoming. American Midland Naturalist, 33, 391 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421338" type="journal article" year="1945">Alexander, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F45D4FEC9FA913811" authority="Alexander, 1926" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1926" box="[983,1363,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Nothotrichocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F45D4FEC9FB523811" box="[983,1168,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Nothotrichocera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B4B413A61FF8F4294FEC9FA913811" author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1175,1363,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" pagination="299 - 304" refId="ref5387" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1926) The Trichoceridae of Australia (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 51, 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1926">Alexander, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, while the slender gonocoxites lacking basal lobes are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F45C9FEEAFAC7384C" authority="Scudder, 1894" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1894" box="[970,1285,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Cladoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F45C9FEEAFB92384C" box="[970,1104,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Cladoneura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B4B413A61FF8F425EFEEAFAC7384C" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[1117,1285,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" pagination="163 - 245" refId="ref8302" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1894) Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florissant, Colorado. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 32, 163 - 245." type="journal article" year="1894">Scudder, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F432FFEE4FE833868" authority="Bergroth, 1913" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Diazosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F432FFEE4FA5E384C" box="[1324,1436,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Diazosma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B4B413A61FF8F4694FE81FE833868" author="Bergroth, E." box="[151,321,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" pagination="575 - 584" refId="ref5787" refString="Bergroth, E. (1913) A new genus of Tipulidae from Turkestan, with notes on other forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) 11, 575 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931308693359" type="journal article" year="1913">Bergroth, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and some species of
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F443BFE81FCB33868" authority="Brunetti, 1911" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[568,881,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" genus="Paracladura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F443BFE81FD053869" box="[568,711,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Paracladura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D0B4B413A61FF8F44CEFE81FCB33868" author="Brunetti, E." box="[717,881,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" pagination="231 - 314" refId="ref6050" refString="Brunetti, E. (1911) Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae with descriptions of new species. Records of the Indian Museum, 6 (5), 231 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21334" type="journal article" year="1911">Brunetti, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. For further comparison, see the
<tableCitation id="5418030B3A61FF8F42E1FE81FAF43868" box="[1250,1334,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,476,499]" captionText="TABLE 1. Characters of Ewaurista compared to extant trichocerid genera (based on Dahl 1971, etc.; apomorphies of Ewaurista are in italics and Paracladura-like states in bold)" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5180653B3A61FF8F46C4FEA2FD013884" box="[199,707,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="192536B03A61FF8F46C4FEA2FD013884" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,707,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F46C4FEA2FE9B3884" bold="true" box="[199,345,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Distribution</emphasis>
. Lower Cretaceous of
<collectingCountry id="618D76203A61FF8F445AFEA2FD7D3884" box="[601,703,367,392]" name="Lebanon" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5180653B3A61FF8F46C4FE59FA8938A1" box="[199,1355,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="192536B03A61FF8F46C4FE59FA8938A1" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1355,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">
<emphasis id="2BEEEAA23A61FF8F46C4FE59FE8438A1" bold="true" box="[199,326,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="313">Etymology</emphasis>
. After Ewa Krzemińska, the world authority in
<taxonomicName id="DE9A4D333A61FF8F455DFE59FC3E38A1" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1841" box="[862,1020,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Trichoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichoceridae</taxonomicName>
. The genus name is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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