338 lines
37 KiB
XML
338 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="F60817CFAA50E00D5AF14ACFF20EC3A5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1887.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133869" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627159130724" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mendes, Humberto Fonseca & Andersen, Trond" docDate="2008" docId="5C31878AFFD2FFE06AADFB0952BFA505" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01887p075.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1887 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1887.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gravatamberus Mendes & Andersen 2008, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="A008FFF2FFFAFFCA6A3AFFBC5729A47F" masterDocTitle="A review of Antillocladius Saether and Litocladius Mendes, Andersen et Saether, with the description of two new Neotropical genera (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1699021915548" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="0FC2355045B88A2341FA772780EB9B11" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3DEF9B06ABA397BF463D51D3B409C2F5">
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<mods:title id="962B91B880A4565FC609C8C9F4450292">A review of Antillocladius Saether and Litocladius Mendes, Andersen et Saether, with the description of two new Neotropical genera (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="123CCB6FB0F6D72EB82F3404B93EC464">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="85AC8743F055ACFCA0192095F43E06B4">Mendes, Humberto Fonseca</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CFB280AF31954996C2919EFA67655289" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="52B8FBB82A697176AEBE658A111C925D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="61E28C99D7179786F0073F7DC854982F">Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E0EED93C20E1DB80E2DF4E4FBD8F0F43">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="37D759DA4C3E087B425DF94F97016328">
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<mods:title id="5BD820152309F172825CF31DEB4EB37B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B112F2D4B89ACFB6F9720DDB01B6FC19">
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<mods:date id="FDC3CF5E396D5ACF72256432A1E093F4">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="29C6B3E98249954B8B2DEBD97C6BADD9" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="B0BCE88A8A894EB04BE3D8078B286F72">2008-09-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E2481352E689CD21A6E68172D76D187C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F55B38DED76DD6D7F691872E133AA171">1887</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="CAEFF0DD268A83B18A2E26238F322D07" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BBA6C443BC0F37758E1616E99C8FE444">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AB1A0EFB642D47758537CE332C6D5793">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0F8B124E8CC8FEC5EF64998924C0227A">75</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="B4638103830AB51278895AAC33597369">
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<mods:url id="4C9D59E348F72ACEF72078EB3E413BF7">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1887.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="C1C59407EAF7CFA6D750E6669EA310C0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E2263F37E327EE813D06F4A12A4C5BE0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1887.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B40BD0D61B6AFC5C7537F9AA001F091" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5C31878AFFD2FFE06AADFB0952BFA505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C31878AFFD2FFE06AADFB0952BFA505" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C31878AFFD2FFE06AADFB0952BFA505" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="9C826517FFD2FFE26AADFB0956C5A168" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AADFB095682A0B0" blockId="40.[151,427,1205,1231]" box="[151,427,1205,1231]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="8F6F81F0FFD2FFE26AADFB095682A0B0" bold="true" box="[151,427,1205,1231]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AADFB095682A0B0" bold="true" box="[151,427,1205,1231]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26AADFB09567BA0B0" ID-CoL="4QXW" authority="Mendes & Andersen, 2008" authorityName="Mendes & Andersen" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,338,1205,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gravatamberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AADFB09567BA0B0" bold="true" box="[151,338,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Gravatamberus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDDF57F5FFD2FFE26B63FB095682A0B0" box="[345,427,1205,1231]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AADFABC56C5A168" blockId="40.[151,492,1280,1303]" box="[151,492,1280,1303]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Gen. n. 2
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<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD2FFE26AC5FABC56C1A168" author="Pinho, L. C. & Mendes, H. F. & Marcondes, C. B." box="[255,488,1280,1303]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="37 - 47" refId="ref40337" refString="Pinho, L. C., Mendes, H. F. & Marcondes, C. B. (2005) A new Brazilian species of Stenochironomus Kieffer mining decayed leaves in bromeliads (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1046, 37 - 47." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Pinho
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26B7EFABC565AA168" box="[324,371,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
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., 2005: 46
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C826517FFD2FFE26AADFAFB52A6A1F5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AADFAFB54C8A11D" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" box="[151,993,1351,1378]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AADFAFB5612A11E" bold="true" box="[151,315,1351,1377]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<typeStatus id="0B23883EFFD2FFE26AADFAFB57FDA11E" box="[151,212,1351,1377]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26B79FAF455ADA11E" ID-CoL="3HBNC" authority="Mendes & Andersen, 2008" authorityName="Mendes & Andersen" authorityYear="2008" box="[323,644,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gravatamberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nidularium" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26B79FAF455ADA11E" box="[323,644,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Gravatamberus nidularium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDDF57F5FFD2FFE268B6FAF455E3A11D" box="[652,714,1352,1378]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AFFFAD352A6A1F5" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" box="[197,1423,1391,1418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AFFFAD356C0A1F6" bold="true" box="[197,489,1391,1417]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Other included species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26BCBFACC555DA1F6" authority="Mendes & Andersen, 2008" authorityName="Mendes & Andersen" authorityYear="2008" box="[497,628,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gravatamberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26BCBFACC555DA1F6" box="[497,628,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">G. apicalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDDF57F5FFD2FFE26846FACC5594A1F5" box="[636,701,1392,1418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE268F3FACC541BA1F6" ID-CoL="6KT7Y" authority="Mendes & Andersen, 2008" authorityName="Mendes & Andersen" authorityYear="2008" box="[713,818,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gravatamberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE268F3FACC541BA1F6" box="[713,818,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">G. curtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDDF57F5FFD2FFE26903FACC5450A1F5" box="[825,889,1392,1418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE269BDFACC5379A1F6" ID-CoL="3HBNB" authority="Mendes & Andersen, 2008" authorityName="Mendes & Andersen" authorityYear="2008" box="[903,1104,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gravatamberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemaltecus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE269BDFACC5379A1F6" box="[903,1104,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">G. guatemaltecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDDF57F5FFD2FFE26E62FACC53B1A1F5" box="[1112,1176,1392,1418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26EEDFACC5263A1F6" ID-CoL="3HBND" authority="Mendes & Andersen, 2008" authorityName="Mendes & Andersen" authorityYear="2008" box="[1239,1354,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gravatamberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26EEDFACC5263A1F6" box="[1239,1354,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">G. pilosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDDF57F5FFD2FFE26F6BFACC52A6A1F5" box="[1361,1423,1392,1418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9C826517FFD2FFE06AFFFA2B52BFA505" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AFFFA2B5575A27D" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AFFFA2B567FA1CE" bold="true" box="[197,342,1431,1457]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Etymology:</emphasis>
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From the native Brazilian language Tupy,
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26941FA2454FFA1CE" box="[891,982,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">gravata</emphasis>
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, meaning bromeliad, pineapple, and
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AADFA7C57CBA1A6" box="[151,226,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">mberu</emphasis>
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, meaning midge, mosquito, small insect. Both words combined thus mean "the midge that inhabits bromeliads". Gender of genus: masculine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AFFF9B355DBA363" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AFFF9B356F4A256" bold="true" box="[197,477,1551,1577]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
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The imagines can be separated from all other orthoclad genera by having scalpellate acrostichals combined with no anal point; stout seta on the tip of the antenna; eyes bare, without dorsomedian extension; and hairy wings with R
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<subScript id="481C34D9FFD2FFE26854F9CC55A1A201" attach="left" box="[622,648,1648,1662]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">4+5</subScript>
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ending proximal to M
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<subScript id="481C34D9FFD2FFE269ADF9CC5498A201" attach="left" box="[919,945,1648,1662]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3+4</subScript>
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. The combination of absence of thoracic horn, wing sheath with nose, two macrosetae on spined tubercles and caudal row of spines on tergites II–VIII will separate the pupa from all other orthoclad genera. The larva is similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26EABF90F527CA2B3" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1981" box="[1169,1365,1715,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Compterosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26EABF90F527CA2B3" box="[1169,1365,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Compterosmittia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26F5EF90F57DEA28B" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Limnophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26F5EF90F57DEA28B" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Limnophyes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD2FFE26B3CF96756EFA28B" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1956" box="[262,454,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paralimnophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26B3CF96756EFA28B" box="[262,454,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Paralimnophyes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and Genus H
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE2684DF9675591A28B" box="[631,696,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">sensu</emphasis>
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Epler, but can be recognized by the single median tooth of the mentum and the pair of setal tufts on the abdomen..
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AFCF8965687A33B" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" box="[198,430,1834,1860]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AFCF8965687A33B" bold="true" box="[198,430,1834,1860]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Generic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AFFF8EE558BA313" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" box="[197,674,1874,1900]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AFFF8EE5622A313" bold="true" box="[197,267,1874,1900]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Male.</emphasis>
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Small, wing length about 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD2FFE26AFFF8C754B5A39B" blockId="40.[151,1436,1351,2020]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD2FFE26AFFF8C75607A3EB" box="[197,302,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Antenna.</emphasis>
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With 12–13 flagellomeres, 12th and 13th flagellomeres may be distinct to completely fused; groove beginning on flagellomere 2; sensilla chaetica on flagellomeres 2, 3 and 13 (12 when fused); apex rounded with stout setae; fully plumed. Antennal ratio about 0.50.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFF24569CA57D" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFF245625A4CE" box="[197,268,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Head.</emphasis>
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Eye bare, without dorsomedian extension. Temporal setae strong, consisting of inner verticals, outer verticals, and postorbitals. Third palpomere about as long as fourth, with two long, weak lanceolate sensilla clavata subapically.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFEAC561CA5DD" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFEAC5608A556" box="[197,289,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Antepronotum well developed with lobes meeting medially, with few lateral setae. Acrostichals strong, in mid scutum, apparently all scalpellate, uniserial to irregularly biserial; dorsocentrals beginning close to antepronotum, anterior uniserial, posterior biserial; prealars few, uniserial; supraalars present. Scutellars uniserial.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFE0C522BA638" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFE0C5620A5B6" box="[197,265,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Wing.</emphasis>
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Membrane with setae, with moderately coarse punctuation (visible at 250X magnification). Anal lobe weakly developed.
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<collectingRegion id="165CF87EFFD3FFE36B8CFE6456D0A58D" box="[438,505,472,498]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Costa</collectingRegion>
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moderately to strongly extended. R
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<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE3699BFE545493A589" attach="left" box="[929,954,488,502]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2+3</subScript>
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running and ending midway between R
|
||
<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE36FAEFE5452B5A589" attach="right" box="[1428,1436,488,502]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1</subScript>
|
||
and R; R
|
||
<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE36B2DFDAF5606A65E" attach="left" box="[279,303,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">4+5</subScript>
|
||
ending proximal to M
|
||
<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE36808FDAF5562A65E" attach="left" box="[562,587,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">3+4</subScript>
|
||
; Cu
|
||
<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE36846FDAF55ADA65E" attach="left" box="[636,644,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1</subScript>
|
||
nearly straight; FCu distal to RM. Postcubitus ending distal to FCu, An ending below FCu. Veins with setae except for R
|
||
<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE3693AFD815431A634" attach="left" box="[768,792,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2+3</subScript>
|
||
. Brachiolum with one seta. Squama bare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AE1FDAF57DCA65E" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" box="[219,245,531,545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<subScript id="481C34D9FFD3FFE36AE1FDAF57DCA65E" attach="left" box="[219,245,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">4+5</subScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFDE55473A60C" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" box="[197,858,601,627]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFDE5562DA60D" box="[197,260,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Pseudospurs, sensilla chaetica, and pulvilli absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFD3D55DBA6E4" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" box="[197,754,641,667]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFD3D5612A6E5" box="[197,315,641,666]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergites and sternites with few setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFD1557D3A744" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFD15564BA6BD" box="[197,354,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hypopygium.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergite IX rounded posteriorly without anal point, covered with microtrichia, without or with few setae. Laterosternite IX setose. Sternapodeme slightly arched, oral projection well developed. Virga absent. Gonocoxite with well developed inferior volsella. Gonostylus with well developed, rounded crista dorsalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFCF45685A71C" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" box="[197,428,840,867]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFCF45600A71D" bold="true" box="[197,297,840,866]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFCCC547FA7F4" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" box="[197,854,880,907]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFCCC5626A7F5" bold="true" box="[197,271,880,906]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pupa:</emphasis>
|
||
Small, about 1.80 mm long. Exuviae transparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFC2552B5A07C" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFC255655A7CD" box="[197,380,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalothorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal setae absent, frontal apotome smooth. Head smooth, antennal pedicel sheath with weak pearl row. Ocular field apparently with one vertical and one postorbital. Thoracic horn absent. Setation: 3 antepronotals, 3 grouped dorsocentrals, 3 precorneals and 1 prealar. Thorax smooth. Wing sheath with nose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFBAD525EA08C" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFBAD5612A055" box="[197,315,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergite I bare, tergites II–IX and sternites IV–VIII with shagreen, extensive on tergites, coarse on sternites. Conjunctives II/III, III/IV, IV/V and V/VI with small spines. Tergite II without caudal hooklets. Tergites II–VIII with single caudal row of spines, no caudal spines on sternites. Pedes spurii A and B absent. Segments II–VII apparently with 2 L–setae, one of them strong, about half the length of segments. D, V and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD3FFE36FBDFB3557F8A0B4" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lopescladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setae">O setae</taxonomicName>
|
||
present, but weak. Anal lobe with 2 subequal hooked macrosetae about three and a half times the length of anal lobe and situated on spined tubercles. Genital sac of male rounded, overreaching apex of anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFABC5540A164" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" box="[197,617,1280,1307]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFABC5632A165" bold="true" box="[197,283,1280,1306]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Larva:</emphasis>
|
||
Small, about 2.10 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFFA9555C7A284" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFFA955625A13D" box="[197,268,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Antenna with 5 segments, basal segment shorter than flagellum; third antennal segment nearly as long as fourth, segments 3 and 4 more sclerotized basally. Basal antennal segment nearly twice as long as basally wide, with ring organ situated medially. Lauterborn organs weak, style well developed. Blade longer than flagellum, accessory blade apparently absent. S I plumose. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD3FFE369DBFA1D531CA1C4" box="[993,1077,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lopescladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setae">S setae</taxonomicName>
|
||
simple. Labral lamella apparently absent. Few spinulae and chaetae. Pecten epipharyngis consisting of two pointed teeth. Chaetulae laterales and chaetulae basales apparently simple. Premandible with 3 apical teeth, with third about half as long as second apical; without brush. Mandible with apical tooth shorter than combined width of inner teeth. Fourth inner tooth fused with mola, but distinct. Seta subdentalis slender, curved; seta interna with apparently 7 branches, shorter branches with rounded apex, longer branches pectinate or plumose apically. Mentum with 1 median tooth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth of which median tooth slightly smaller than the first lateral. Ventromental plates inconspicuous, beard absent. Setae submenti just below base of ventromental plates. Maxilla and maxillary palp apparently normally developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE36AFFF8B556BFA30C" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFF8B55612A35D" box="[197,315,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior and posterior parapods well developed; claws of parapods smooth. Procercus minute with about 9 long anal setae, supraanal seta weak. Anal tubules apparently absent. Abdominal segments with one pair of setal tufts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD3FFE06AFFF83C57C5A57D" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,2027]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AFFF83C5678A3E5" bold="true" box="[197,337,1920,1946]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Taxonomy:</emphasis>
|
||
The males key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD3FFE36810F83D55D4A3E5" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1985" box="[554,765,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Apometriocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36810F83D55D4A3E5" box="[554,765,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Apometriocnemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD3FFE36919F83D530CA3E4" author="Cranston, P. S. & Oliver, D. R. & Saether, O. A." box="[803,1061,1921,1947]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="165 - 352" refId="ref39857" refString="Cranston, P. S., Oliver, D. R. & Saether, O. A. (1989) The adult males of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 34, 165 - 352." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE369AFF83D54E0A3E5" box="[917,969,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
due to the lack of anal point; to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD3FFE36AADF8155509A3BC" authority="Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai" authorityName="Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai" box="[151,544,1961,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tosacladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AADF815560BA3BD" box="[151,290,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tosacladius</emphasis>
|
||
Sasa, Suzuki
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36BFEF81556F0A3BD" box="[452,473,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et</emphasis>
|
||
Sakai
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD3FFE3687EF8155407A3BC" author="Saether, O. A. & Ashe, P. & Murray, D. A." box="[580,814,1961,1987]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref40735" refString="Saether, O. A., Ashe, P. & Murray, D. A. (2000) A. 6. Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Appendix. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 113 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE368A7F81555E6A3BD" box="[669,719,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD3FFE369B3F8155232A3BC" authority="Cranston et Edward" authorityName="Cranston et Edward" authorityYear="1999" box="[905,1307,1961,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Botryocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE369B3F8155304A3BD" box="[905,1069,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Botryocladius</emphasis>
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36E9EF8155390A3BD" box="[1188,1209,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et</emphasis>
|
||
Edward
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD3FFE36F05F8155605A394" author="Mendes, H. F. & Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref40236" refString="Mendes, H. F., Andersen, T. & Saether, O. A. (2004) A review of Antillocladius Saether, 1981; Compterosmittia Saether, 1981 and Litocladius new genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa, 594, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Mendes
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36AADF86D57E2A395" box="[151,203,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The pupa keys to couplet
|
||
<quantity id="13609B79FFD3FFE36853F86D558CA394" box="[617,677,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3876" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="94.0">94 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD3FFE36897F86D5499A394" author="Coffman, W. P. & Cranston, P. S. & Oliver, D. R. & Saether, O. A." box="[685,944,2001,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="147 - 298" refId="ref39582" refString="Coffman, W. P., Cranston, P. S., Oliver, D. R. & Saether, O. A. (1986) The pupae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 28, 147 - 298." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Coffman
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD3FFE36926F86D5479A395" box="[796,848,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but does not correspond to the two alter- natives,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06AC2FF2456D8A4CE" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1932" box="[248,497,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gymnometriocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06AC2FF2456D8A4CE" box="[248,497,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gymnometriocnemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06822FF245596A4CE" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[536,703,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Metriocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06822FF245596A4CE" box="[536,703,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metriocnemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD0FFE068D6FF2454FDA4CD" author="Saether, O. A. & Ashe, P. & Murray, D. A." box="[748,980,152,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref40735" refString="Saether, O. A., Ashe, P. & Murray, D. A. (2000) A. 6. Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Appendix. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 113 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE0697FFF245451A4CE" box="[837,888,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it will key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06E4DFF245237A4CE" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[1143,1310,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Metriocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06E4DFF245237A4CE" box="[1143,1310,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Metriocnemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larva keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06AC1FF7C56A0A4A6" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1875" box="[251,393,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Limnophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06AC1FF7C56A0A4A6" box="[251,393,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Limnophyes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD0FFE06B8DFF7C55EFA4A5" author="Cranston, P. S. & Oliver, D. R. & Saether, O. A." box="[439,710,192,218]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="149 - 291" refId="ref39779" refString="Cranston, P. S., Oliver, D. R. & Saether, O. A. (1983) The larvae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 19, 149 - 291." type="journal article" year="1983">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06817FF7C554CA4A6" box="[557,613,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD0FFE06932FF7C5329A4A5" author="Saether, O. A. & Ashe, P. & Murray, D. A." box="[776,1024,192,218]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref40735" refString="Saether, O. A., Ashe, P. & Murray, D. A. (2000) A. 6. Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Appendix. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 113 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE0695FFF7C54B4A4A6" box="[869,925,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06E50FF7C5207A4A6" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1981" box="[1130,1326,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Compterosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06E50FF7C5207A4A6" box="[1130,1326,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Compterosmittia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0094B6DFFD0FFE06F66FF7C57C0A57D" author="Epler, J. H." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref39972" refString="Epler, J. H. (2001) Identification Manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. A Guide to the taxonomy of the Midges of the southeastern United States, including Florida. Special Publication SJ 2001 - SP 13, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, NC, and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL, 526 pp." type="book" year="2001">Epler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D427369CFFD0FFE06AFFFEAC52BFA505" blockId="42.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The pupa shares absence of thoracic horn and row of spines caudally on the tergites with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06ECDFEAC52B2A556" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1981" box="[1271,1435,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Antillocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06ECDFEAC52B2A556" box="[1271,1435,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Antillocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06AF2FE845675A52E" box="[200,348,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gynocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06AF2FE845675A52E" box="[200,348,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gynocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the nose on the wing sheath must be considered to be an autapomorphy. The larva shows clear similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06BA2FEDC5505A506" box="[408,556,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Gynocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06BA2FEDC5505A506" box="[408,556,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gynocladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06800FEDC55E1A506" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1875" box="[570,712,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Limnophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06800FEDC55E1A506" box="[570,712,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Limnophyes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE068EFFEDC54BCA506" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1956" box="[725,917,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paralimnophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE068EFFEDC54BCA506" box="[725,917,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Paralimnophyes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13984D1FFFD0FFE06999FEDC534EA506" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1981" box="[931,1127,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Compterosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06999FEDC534EA506" box="[931,1127,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Compterosmittia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Genus H
|
||
<emphasis id="E6ECEA8EFFD0FFE06F33FEDC5263A506" box="[1289,1354,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Epler.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |