372 lines
43 KiB
XML
372 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="CB4B4401D60CBC3468DABB7B4BA52603" ID-CLB-Dataset="31026" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4370.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f0aff81-a0bf-4eba-b15f-ca0bb7cfe2d4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1145549" ID-ZooBank="8EF0AEBE-0A1A-45E4-B7E8-47C1491BBA54" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1515656508758" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Constantino, Reginaldo" docDate="2018" docId="472787A30B79FFDCCFB45394FBFBFEBC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4370.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4370 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="276" masterDocId="BB1EFFDB0B79FFDECF235555FFF7FF85" masterDocTitle="Reexamination of the identity and status of the termite taxa described by Czerwinski (1901) from southern Brazil (Isoptera: Termitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="278" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1698513626656" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4A1A9288A9C194497C48320B245240E8">Reexamination of the identity and status of the termite taxa described by Czerwinski (1901) from southern Brazil (Isoptera: Termitidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F8FCC1E86F2A4A13FFAA4546C0E35C8">Constantino, Reginaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FDF2A0426DD2EC25466123DD249E3C87">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ED78725F3985224B9BF308A09B04CDEB">
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<mods:date id="AC721B86FD38730E6CE3B829B30F93A6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F29380D36F7744ECB199BD6AB4A88618">4370</mods:number>
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<treatment id="472787A30B79FFDCCFB45394FBFBFEBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986530" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140240344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:472787A30B79FFDCCFB45394FBFBFEBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/472787A30B79FFDCCFB45394FBFBFEBC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection id="8794653E0B79FFDECFB45394FDCBF95D" box="[151,572,1728,1752]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CF3136B50B79FFDECFB45394FDCBF95D" blockId="0.[151,1192,1728,1925]" box="[151,572,1728,1752]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFB45394FDCBF95D" bold="true" box="[151,572,1728,1752]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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1)
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<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B79FFDECFE45395FDCBF95D" authority="Czerwinski" authorityName="Czerwinski" box="[199,572,1728,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFE45395FE42F95D" bold="true" box="[199,437,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Eutermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
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Czerwinski
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8794653E0B79FFDECFE453B1FCA3F868" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CF3136B50B79FFDECFE453B1FD38F97E" blockId="0.[151,1192,1728,1925]" box="[199,719,1764,1787]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EF9E119B0B79FFDECFE453B1FD38F97E" box="[199,719,1764,1787]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B79FFDECFE453B1FD71F97E" authority="Czerwinski 1901: 8" authorityName="Czerwinski" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1901" box="[199,646,1764,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFE453B1FE5AF97E" box="[199,429,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Eutermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="4E2F10A40B79FFDECE9753B1FD71F97E" author="Czerwinski" box="[436,646,1764,1787]" page="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B79FFDECE9753B1FD9AF97E" author="Czerwinski" box="[436,621,1764,1787]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refString="Czerwinski, K. K. (1901) List and descriptions of the collections of termites (fam. Termitidae). Collections of the Zoological Cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University, 7, pp. 1 - 10 [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1901">Czerwinski 1901</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 8
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, Fig. 9
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF3136B50B79FFDECFE45253FCF2F898" blockId="0.[151,1192,1728,1925]" box="[199,773,1798,1821]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EF9E119B0B79FFDECFE45253FCF2F898" box="[199,773,1798,1821]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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“
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||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B79FFDECFF05253FDD7F898" authority="Burmeisteri" authorityName="Burmeisteri" box="[211,544,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Termes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eutermes">
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFF05253FEEAF898" box="[211,285,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Termes</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECE0D5253FE65F898" box="[302,402,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Eutermes</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECE815253FDD7F898" box="[418,544,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Burmeisteri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” -
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<treatmentCitation id="4E2F10A40B79FFDECD615253FCF2F898" author="Desneux" box="[578,773,1798,1821]" page="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B79FFDECD615253FD28F898" author="Desneux" box="[578,735,1798,1821]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refString="Desneux, J. (1904) Isoptera Fam. Termitidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Brussels, pp. 1 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1904">Desneux 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 41
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF3136B50B79FFDECFE4527CFC1CF800" blockId="0.[151,1192,1728,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EF9E119B0B79FFDECFE4527CFC1CF800" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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“
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||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B79FFDECFF0527CFE4EF8C5" box="[211,441,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFF0527CFE4EF8C5" box="[211,441,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Eutermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” -
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<treatmentCitation id="4E2F10A40B79FFDECEF8527CFD6FF8C5" author="Snyder" box="[475,664,1833,1856]" page="349" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B79FFDECEF8527CFD91F8C5" author="Snyder" box="[475,614,1833,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refString="Snyder, T. E. (1949) Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the World. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 112, 1 - 490." type="journal article" year="1949">Snyder 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 349
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</treatmentCitation>
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(listed under “not classified”) “
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<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B79FFDECFF05219FE4EF8E6" box="[211,441,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFF05219FE4EF8E6" box="[211,441,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Eutermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
” -
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4E2F10A40B79FFDECEF85219FD3AF8E6" author="Constantino" box="[475,717,1868,1891]" page="210" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B79FFDECEF85219FD6CF8E6" author="Constantino" box="[475,667,1868,1891]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refString="Constantino, R. (1998) Catalog of the living termites of the New World (Insecta: Isoptera). Arquivos de Zoologia, 35, 135 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 35 i 2 p 135 - 230" type="journal article" year="1998">Constantino 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 210
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(listed under “names of uncertain position”) “
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||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B79FFDECFF0523BFE1FF800" ID-CoL="678N6" box="[211,488,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
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||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFF0523BFE1FF800" box="[211,488,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Anoplotermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
” -
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4E2F10A40B79FFDECD29523BFCEDF800" author="Krishna" box="[522,794,1902,1925]" page="1333" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B79FFDECD29523BFD2DF800" author="Krishna" box="[522,730,1902,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refString="Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D. A., Krishna, V. & Engel, M. S. (2013) Treatise on the Isoptera of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 377, 1 - 2704. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 377.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Krishna
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<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECD46523BFD6CF800" box="[613,667,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1333
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(new combination)
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B79FFDECFB452E1FCA3F868" blockId="0.[151,1436,1972,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7FE63CE80B79FFDECFB452E1FCA3F868" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599524" collectionCode="MZPW" collectorName="Ihering" country="Brazil" location="Rio Grande" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" specimenCount="19" typeStatus="syntype">
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||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B79FFDECFB452E1FEE0F84E" bold="true" box="[151,279,1972,1995]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type-series</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B79FFDECE0652E1FE1BF84E" author="Czerwinski" box="[293,492,1972,1995]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refString="Czerwinski, K. K. (1901) List and descriptions of the collections of termites (fam. Termitidae). Collections of the Zoological Cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University, 7, pp. 1 - 10 [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1901">Czerwinski (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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||
mentions
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<specimenCount id="D988FD3C0B79FFDECD7852E1FD1CF84E" box="[603,747,1972,1995]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B79FFDECDDA52E1FCAEF84E" box="[761,857,1972,1995]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
) including imagoes, nasutes, workers, and immatures, collected by
|
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<collectorName id="627B53630B79FFDECE3C5283FE9BF868" box="[287,364,2006,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Ihering</collectorName>
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||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B79976250B79FFDECE8E5283FE06F868" box="[429,497,2006,2029]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, “
|
||
<location id="CA51606E0B79FFDECD265283FD72F868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:472787A30B79FFDCCFB45394FBFBFEBC:CA51606E0B79FFDECD265283FD72F868" box="[517,645,2006,2029]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Rio Grande</location>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="A99FAE700B79FFDECDBE5283FD04F868" box="[669,755,2006,2029]" country="Poland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ynr4-t34e" name="Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">MZPW</collectionCode>
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||
), all lost.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8794653E0B78FFDFCFE455CDFE66FE41" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B78FFDFCFE455CDFDDBFF71" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCFE455CDFECFFF2A" box="[199,312,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFE455CDFECFFF2A" bold="true" box="[199,312,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Lectotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
, here designated: the nasute soldier depicted in Czerwinski’s Photos 9B and 9C (reproduced here in
|
||
<figureCitation id="57B52A300B78FFDFCA4455CDFF57FF54" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1219,1242]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,367,1194]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,367,1194]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, nest of Cortaritermes fulviceps (Silvestri 1901) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, soldier head of C. fulviceps; C, figure of the imago from Czerwinski’s (1901: fig. 9A) description of E. burmeisteri; D–-E, lectotype soldier of Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski (1901: figs. 9B and 9C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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||
D-E) is to be treated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCEE955EFFDD8FF54" box="[458,559,186,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. All other specimens in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCC7855EFFC7EFF54" box="[859,905,186,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series are excluded. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCBB955EFFB0BFF54" box="[1178,1276,186,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was originally deposited in MZPW, Warsaw,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B79976250B78FFDFCEF95588FDDFFF71" box="[474,552,221,244]" name="Poland" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B78FFDFCFE45455FE66FE41" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFE45455FEAEFE92" bold="true" box="[199,345,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Type-locality</emphasis>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCED85455FD6AFE92" author="Jhering" box="[507,669,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Jhering, H .. (1887 a) Generationswechsel bei Termiten. Entomologische Nachrichten, 13, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="a">Jhering (1887a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCD8A5455FD18FE92" author="Jhering" box="[681,751,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Jhering, H. (1887 b) Nochmals der " Generationswechsel " bei Termiten. Entomologische Nachrichten, 13, 179 - 182." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="b">1887b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), he collected termites in
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||
<collectingCountry id="B79976250B78FFDFCB265455FBBEFE92" box="[1029,1097,256,279]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, State of
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||
<collectingRegion id="0D4AF8570B78FFDFCB8C5455FA8CFE92" box="[1199,1403,256,279]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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||
Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0D4AF8570B78FFDFCBFE5455FA8CFE92" box="[1245,1403,256,279]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in the region between his house (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AABA50720B78FFDFCEC35477FDCDFEBC" box="[480,570,290,313]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="55" value="-31.285">31.285S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AABA50720B78FFDFCD615477FD51FEBC" box="[578,678,290,313]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="55" value="-51.752">51.752W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0D4AF8570B78FFDFCDC05477FC3FFEBC" box="[739,968,290,313]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">São Lourenço do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AABA50720B78FFDFCCF45477FBC7FEBC" box="[983,1072,290,313]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="55" value="-31.376">31.376S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AABA50720B78FFDFCB1B5477FB57FEBC" box="[1080,1184,290,313]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" precision="55" value="-51.958">51.958W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). The distance between these two sites is about
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCEBE5410FE11FED9" box="[413,486,325,348]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
. They are both located within the Pampas eco-region, where the most common natural vegetation is open grassland. The locality “Rio Grande” mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCCB3543DFBAFFEFA" author="Czerwinski" box="[912,1112,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Czerwinski, K. K. (1901) List and descriptions of the collections of termites (fam. Termitidae). Collections of the Zoological Cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University, 7, pp. 1 - 10 [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1901">Czerwinski (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Jhering (1887) was just a short form of the name of the state, and should not be confused with the city of Rio Grande, which is located about
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCA7B54DFFA6CFE24" box="[1368,1435,394,417]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="km" value="75.0">75 km</quantity>
|
||
south of São Lourenço.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8794653E0B78FFDFCFE45485FF2BFDCA" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B78FFDFCFE45485FD1AFD8C" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFE45485FEB5FE62" bold="true" box="[199,322,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCE775485FDE8FE62" author="Czerwinski" box="[340,543,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Czerwinski, K. K. (1901) List and descriptions of the collections of termites (fam. Termitidae). Collections of the Zoological Cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University, 7, pp. 1 - 10 [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1901">Czerwinski (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not mention anything about the etymology. Probably named for Hermann Burmeister (
|
||
<date id="BB3010750B78FFDFCE3854A7FE6FFD8C" box="[283,408,498,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" value="1807" valueMax="1892">1807–1892</date>
|
||
), the famous German zoologist.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B78FFDFCFE45740FF2BFDCA" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFE45740FE89FDA9" bold="true" box="[199,382,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">New synonymy:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCEA55740FCDAFDA9" authority="Czerwinski 1901" authorityName="Czerwinski" authorityYear="1901" box="[390,813,533,556]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCEA55740FD99FDA9" box="[390,622,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Eutermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCD555740FCDAFDA9" author="Czerwinski" box="[630,813,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Czerwinski, K. K. (1901) List and descriptions of the collections of termites (fam. Termitidae). Collections of the Zoological Cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University, 7, pp. 1 - 10 [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1901">Czerwinski 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCB175740FF2FFDCA" authority="(Silvestri 1901)" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCB175740FAC6FDA9" box="[1076,1329,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Cortaritermes fulviceps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCA625740FF27FDCA" author="Silvestri" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Silvestri, F. (1901) Nota preliminare sui Termitidi sud-americani. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata della Universita di Torino, 16, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1901">Silvestri 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8794653E0B78FFDFCFE4570FFE90FACC" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B78FFDFCFE4570FFE90FACC" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFE4570FFD68FDF4" bold="true" box="[199,671,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Translation of the original description</emphasis>
|
||
. Diagnosis (original in Latin): “Brownish-black; prothorax dark; mouthparts, legs, margins of abdominal segments, and middle of abdomen yellow; wings yellowish-gray, costal veins brown, obscure third line near the subcosta absent; head rounded; ocelli large, its distance from eyes twice its diameter; prothorax rounded. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCED15797FDC5FD5C" box="[498,562,706,729]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with wings
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCD9A5797FCFFFD5C" box="[697,776,706,729]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
.” Description (original in Russian): “
|
||
<specimenCount id="D988FD3C0B78FFDFCBB15797FB1CFD5C" box="[1170,1259,706,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4 nasute larvae,
|
||
<specimenCount id="D988FD3C0B78FFDFCFB457B0FEF0FD79" box="[151,263,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4 nasutes, 1 winged female, 1 winged male, 1 fertile female [queen?]. Given by Iering from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B79976250B78FFDFCA0257B0FA95FD79" box="[1313,1378,741,764]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rio Grande) in 1893. The winged forms of this species (Fig. 9, A) differ in the following characteristic features. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCFB4567FFF2FFCC4" box="[151,216,810,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with wings
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCE47567FFE43FCC4" box="[356,436,810,833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The ocelli (e) are very far away from the eye, about
|
||
<date id="BB3010750B78FFDFCCDF567FFBE8FCC4" box="[1020,1055,810,833]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">2-x</date>
|
||
its diameter. Near the eyes, a little closer to the middle line of the forehead, there are more spots, more of the surrounding background. On the middle of the forehead is a rather large, bare, round spot (a) (fontanelle). Under the subcostal vein, a yellow line is absent. The vein of the wing, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCE1A56C7FDBAFC2C" authority="Hagen. Other" authorityName="Hagen. Other" box="[313,589,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Termes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCE1A56C7FE40FC2C" box="[313,439,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Termes ater</emphasis>
|
||
Hagen. Other
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attributes, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCDDF56C7FB96FC2C" authority="Kollar. Hagen" authorityName="Kollar. Hagen" box="[764,1121,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Termes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCDDF56C7FC36FC2C" box="[764,961,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Termes tenebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
Kollar. Hagen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in his monograph, at the end of the description of the latter species, adds a note [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCDC256E0FC29FC49" author="Hagen" box="[737,990,949,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1858) Specielle Monographie der Termiten. Linnea Entomologica, 12, 4 - 342." type="journal article" year="1858">Hagen 1858: 194–195</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], in which a termite specimen given by Burmeister is mentioned; this specimen is intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCC74568DFC12FC6A" box="[855,997,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Termes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCC74568DFC12FC6A" box="[855,997,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">T. tenebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCB3E568DFB94FC6A" box="[1053,1123,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Termes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ater">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCB3E568DFB94FC6A" box="[1053,1123,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">T. ater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Having only one specimen, Hagen was uneasy to describe it as a new species. Fertile female: length
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCC9656AFFBF3FB94" box="[949,1028,1018,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCB7556AFFB6EFB94" box="[1110,1177,1018,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. It differs from infertile ones by the light color. Nasutes of this collection (see Fig 9, B and C) have a length of
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCB445148FB4CFBB1" box="[1127,1211,1053,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the end of the abdomen to the end of the nasus. Length of head with nasus
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCC365115FC9DFBD2" box="[789,874,1088,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. If we consider the beginning of the nasus at the base of the antennae (B, C), then the length of the nasus is equal to the length of the head (from b to c). The head capsule is significantly wider than its length. Behind the nasus is a weak swelling (n'). The angle between the nasus and the front surface of the head is shown in the attached profile photograph (C). 13-segmented antennae (c) with a length of
|
||
<quantity id="08769B500B78FFDFCA6051FDFA6FFB3A" box="[1347,1432,1192,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. First segment cylindrical, very long and thick; the second and fourth are half as long; the 3rd is equal in length to the first, but already, the others are a little more than the fourth, ovate. The width of the prothorax is equal to half the width of the head. The prothorax forms a narrow collar in front. The color is bright yellow with a reddish-yellow head and a dark-brown nasus.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8794653E0B78FFDCCFE45000FBFBFEBC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF3136B50B78FFDCCFE45000FBFBFEBC" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,2012]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,313]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFE45000FEC8FAE9" bold="true" box="[199,319,1365,1388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCE5D5000FE2CFAE9" box="[382,475,1365,1388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCD215000FD6CFAE9" box="[514,667,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCD215000FD6CFAE9" box="[514,667,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">E. burmeisteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonged to two different species. The imago (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57B52A300B78FFDFCBB85000FB1AFAE9" box="[1179,1261,1365,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1219,1242]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,367,1194]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,367,1194]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, nest of Cortaritermes fulviceps (Silvestri 1901) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, soldier head of C. fulviceps; C, figure of the imago from Czerwinski’s (1901: fig. 9A) description of E. burmeisteri; D–-E, lectotype soldier of Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski (1901: figs. 9B and 9C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a soldierless termite (Apicotermitinae) and the soldier (Fig. 2D-E) is a nasute (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCC45502DFBE9FA0A" authorityName="Constantino" authorityYear="2018" box="[870,1054,1400,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermitinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nasutitermitinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is uncertain why
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCA24502DFF29FA34" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D. A., Krishna, V. & Engel, M. S. (2013) Treatise on the Isoptera of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 377, 1 - 2704. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 377.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Krishna
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCA47502DFA6BFA0A" box="[1380,1436,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
formed the new combination “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCD0D50CFFCB2FA34" box="[558,837,1434,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCD0D50CFFCB2FA34" box="[558,837,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Anoplotermes burmeisteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Based on Czerwinski’s description and illustrations it is impossible to determine whether the imago belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCC5650E8FBFEFA51" box="[885,1033,1469,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCC5650E8FBFEFA51" box="[885,1033,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Anoplotermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is only possible to identify it as a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCE1C50B5FE24FA72" box="[319,467,1504,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCE1C50B5FE24FA72" box="[319,467,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Anoplotermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, which currently includes 13 neotropical genera. The size and the large fontanelle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57B52A300B78FFDFCFBC5357FF06F99C" box="[159,241,1538,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1219,1242]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,367,1194]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,367,1194]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, nest of Cortaritermes fulviceps (Silvestri 1901) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, soldier head of C. fulviceps; C, figure of the imago from Czerwinski’s (1901: fig. 9A) description of E. burmeisteri; D–-E, lectotype soldier of Eutermes burmeisteri Czerwinski (1901: figs. 9B and 9C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) indicates that it probably belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCDDE5357FC62F99C" box="[765,917,1538,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Patawatermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCDDE5357FC62F99C" box="[765,917,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Patawatermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, this name could not be classified without the selection of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCE8E5370FDE5F9B9" box="[429,530,1573,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The imago has no precedence in this case. Both imagoes and soldiers were listed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCFE6531DFF04F9DA" box="[197,243,1608,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, described in the text, and illustrated, and are equally eligible for
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCB6D531DFB47F9DA" box="[1102,1200,1608,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
selection.
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCA12531DFA6BF9DA" box="[1329,1436,1608,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation based on a figure is explicitly allowed by ICZN article 74.4, even when the specimen no longer exists. The soldier was selected as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCEE153D8FDD3F921" box="[450,548,1677,1700]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
because it can be identified based on the available information, while the imago cannot. Czerwinski’s description of the nasute soldier matches perfectly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCC9F53E5FB4BF942" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[956,1212,1712,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCC9F53E5FB4BF942" box="[956,1212,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Cortaritermes fulviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although it is also compatible with the soldier of some species of
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCDBB5387FCD3F96C" box="[664,804,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
, data available on the termite fauna of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0D4AF8570B78FFDFCBF35387FA6BF96C" box="[1232,1436,1746,1769]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the information provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCD2653A0FD5EF889" author="Jhering" box="[517,681,1781,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Jhering, H .. (1887 a) Generationswechsel bei Termiten. Entomologische Nachrichten, 13, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="a">Jhering (1887a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB1F4B440B78FFDFCD9453A0FD0BF889" author="Jhering" box="[695,764,1781,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" refString="Jhering, H. (1887 b) Nochmals der " Generationswechsel " bei Termiten. Entomologische Nachrichten, 13, 179 - 182." type="journal article" year="1887" yearSuffix="b">1887b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) corroborate the synonymy proposed here. Ihering’s termites were collected in open vegetation, where the only common nasute is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCCA1524DFBF6F8AA" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[898,1025,1816,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCCA1524DFBF6F8AA" box="[898,1025,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">C. fulviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No species of
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCB89524DFAC0F8AA" box="[1194,1335,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
has been reported from these grasslands. The most common species of
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCC07526FFC46F8D4" box="[804,945,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0D4AF8570B78FFDFCCF2526FFB60F8D4" box="[977,1175,1850,1873]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCB97526FFAC1F8D4" box="[1204,1334,1850,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermitinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCB97526FFAC1F8D4" box="[1204,1334,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">N. aquilinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a forest species. Their soldiers are quite larger and the shape of their heads is distinct. The only other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCFB452D5FED3F812" box="[151,292,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
reported from this region is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B78FFDFCD4052D5FD1FF812" box="[611,744,1920,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermitinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B78FFDFCD4052D5FD1FF812" box="[611,744,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">N. ehrhardti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also a forest species, relatively rare. The mixed
|
||
<typeStatus id="103588170B78FFDFCA4D52D5FA6BF812" box="[1390,1436,1920,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, including nasute soldiers and imagoes of Apicotermitinae indicates that these specimens were collected by Ihering from the same nest, where the latter were probably inquilines. Ihering incorrectly assumed that all termites sharing a nest belonged to the same species. While the mounds built by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B7BFFDCCC2155CDFC88FF2A" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[770,895,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B7BFFDCCC2155CDFC88FF2A" box="[770,895,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">C. fulviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often harbor soldierless termites as inquilines, the arboreal, carton nests built by most
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B7BFFDCCD3B55EFFD53FF54" box="[536,676,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
do not. Although the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B7BFFDCCCFE55EFFBACFF54" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[989,1115,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B7BFFDCCCFE55EFFBACFF54" box="[989,1115,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">C. fulviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B7BFFDCCBB255EFFADDFF54" box="[1169,1322,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Anoplotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B7BFFDCCBB255EFFADDFF54" box="[1169,1322,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">E. burmeisteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were both published in the same year, Silvestri’s paper explicitly indicates the publication date as
|
||
<date id="BB3010750B7BFFDCCB615588FB36FF71" box="[1090,1217,221,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" value="1901-07-09">1901 July 9</date>
|
||
, while Czerwinski’s paper indicates only the year. In this case, the date to be adopted is the last day of the year (ICZN article 21). Therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088E4D360B7BFFDCCFB45477FEE2FEBC" baseAuthorityName="Silvestri" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,277,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDFAEAA70B7BFFDCCFB45477FEE2FEBC" box="[151,277,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">C. fulviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has precedence and should be treated as the valid name of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |