170 lines
17 KiB
XML
170 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="87AF3B010B5560209F7AB103E1C71C79" ID-CLB-Dataset="57852" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6585510" ID-GBIF-Dataset="25f0b78d-5046-4f38-b635-04a5a86e575e" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6585510" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1653606139112" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03FF87C7FFB45347208DF7645EACBF4C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Caviidae_0406.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="437" masterDocId="FFC6FFBFFFB15341253EFFA75F3EBB71" masterDocTitle="Caviidae" masterLastPageNumber="438" masterPageNumber="406" pageNumber="436" updateTime="1699338114026" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="93693A0B57A88321FE2A5D4AA343FF01">Caviidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="03299A4A3CE167C25C4E8559AF14A27F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1645153F2901E1F3DB03867C09BB6C9D">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D44797D852ADA55EA52C42321BD87828">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="10728CCC3D774851691A7428E9959C97">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="F810094E8648F088CB1FD58F693CA200" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="552F5655122719D99D0E38A2AC0E80EA">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="56475BF1CF3903A74B2B8D2FEB200296">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="379D27DCE3AEA1DB1AB89819BB7E6002">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB45344208DF7645AD4B380" box="[1459,1514,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<figureCitation id="136D2A54FFB45344208DF7645AD4B380" box="[1459,1514,2243,2289]" captionStart="Plate 25: Caviidae" captionStartId="2.[103,133,3334,3355]" captionTargetBox="[12,2735,14,3642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Brazilian Guinea Pig (Cavia aperea), 2. Montane Guinea Pig (Cavia tschudu), 3. Shiny Guinea Pig (Cavia fulgida), 4. Sacha Guinea Pig (Cavia patzelti), 5. Greater Guinea Pig (Cavia magna), 6. Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig (Cavia intermedia), 7. Southern Mountain Cavy (Microcavia australis), 8. Northern Mountain Cavy (Mucrocavia miata), 9. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy (Microcavia shiptoni), 10. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea spixu), 11. Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea flavidens), 12. Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea musteloides), 13. Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea comes), 14. Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea leucoblephara), 15. Greater Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 16. Lesser Capybara (Hydrochoerus isthmius), 17. Rock Cavy (Kerodon rupestris), 18. Acrobatic Cavy (Kerodon acrobata), 19. Patagonian Mara (Dolichotis patagonum), 20. Chacoan Mara (Dolichotis salinicola)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585570/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">15.</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB4534420C2F764584EB380" box="[1532,1904,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB4534420C2F764584EB380" blockId="5.[1453,2457,2243,2368]" box="[1532,1904,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB4534420C2F764584EB380" box="[1532,1904,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB4534420C2F764584EB380" box="[1532,1904,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Greater Capybara</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB45344229DF76456A6B380" box="[1955,2456,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB45344229DF76456A6B380" blockId="5.[1453,2457,2243,2368]" box="[1955,2456,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB45344229DF76456A6B380" box="[1955,2456,2243,2289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB45344229DF76456A6B380" ID-CoL="6MK7J" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1955,2456,2243,2289]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Hydrochoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydrochaeris">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB45344229DF76456A6B380" box="[1955,2456,2243,2289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442091F6A4584DB24E" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442091F6A4574BB269" blockId="5.[1453,2457,2243,2368]" box="[1455,2165,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB453442091F6A4574BB269" box="[1455,2165,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442091F6A45AC7B269" bold="true" box="[1455,1529,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB45344233CF6A459A3B269" box="[1538,1693,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Grand Capybara</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB45344238FF6A45834B269" bold="true" box="[1713,1802,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB45344222EF6A45894B269" box="[1808,1962,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">\Wasserschwein</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB4534422FEF6A45724B269" bold="true" box="[1984,2074,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB453442D1CF6A4574BB269" box="[2082,2165,2307,2328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Capibara</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442091F68D584DB24E" blockId="5.[1453,2457,2243,2368]" box="[1455,1907,2346,2367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB453442091F68D584DB24E" box="[1455,1907,2346,2367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442091F68D599CB24E" bold="true" box="[1455,1698,2346,2367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB453442394F68D583BB24E" box="[1706,1797,2346,2367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Capybara</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB45344222CF68D584DB24E" box="[1810,1907,2346,2367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Carpincho</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442D2CF6C95762B2C7" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442D2CF6C95762B2C7" blockId="5.[2064,2660,2414,2841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442D2CF6C95793B2FE" bold="true" box="[2066,2221,2414,2447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB453442DECF6C95769B2C7" ID-CoL="6MK7J" authority="Linnaeus" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Hydrochoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydrochaeris">Sus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442D53F63257B6B122" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442D53F63257B6B122" blockId="5.[2064,2660,2414,2841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3E3C8CFFB453442D53F63257BAB122" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3784487310" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">“Surinamo.” Restricted by A. Feijo and A. Langguth in 2013 to “Rio Sao Francisco, 2 km sudoeste da cidade de Penedo, estado de Sergipe, Brasil” by selection of neotype</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442D2CF5FD5564B1D3" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442D2CF5FD5564B1D3" blockId="5.[2064,2660,2414,2841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Based on J. L. Dunnum’s 2015 treatment, no subspecies are recognized. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442D2FF50E58ECB04F" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF296659FFB453442D2FF50E58ECB04F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6585550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585550/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" targetBox="[1451,2042,2420,2833]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442D2FF50E58ECB04F" blockId="5.[2064,2660,2414,2841]" lastBlockId="5.[1452,2657,2849,3469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442D2FF50E57FFB1BB" bold="true" box="[2065,2241,2729,2762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Broad distribution E of the Andes, in Colombia, Venezuela, the Guyanas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NW & E Argentina.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442093F4E2586AB75B" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442093F4E2586AB75B" blockId="5.[1452,2657,2849,3469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442093F4E25997B017" bold="true" box="[1453,1705,2885,2918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 1070-1340 mm, tail 10-20 mm, ear 60-70 mm, hindfoot 220-250 mm; weight 35-65 kg. The Greater Capybara is the world’s largest rodent and is unmistakable in the field. It is brown to reddish brown dorsally and generally lighter on sides. Pelage is coarse. Ears and eyes are small and set higher on skull as an adaptation to aquatic habits. Feet are webbed. An adult male has a large oval gland on rostrum, which is quite visible.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442092F3925563B7D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442092F3925563B7D0" blockId="5.[1452,2657,2849,3469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442092F3925925B723" bold="true" box="[1452,1563,3125,3154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Aquatic habitats including marshes, ponds, lagoons, streams, and riversides. Greater Capybaras are generally found in tropical and subtropical habitats, forested areas, and grasslands like those of the Llanos of Venezuela and the Brazilian Pantanal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442092F30058CFB79E" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442092F30058CFB79E" blockId="5.[1452,2657,2849,3469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442092F3005988B7B9" bold="true" box="[1452,1718,3239,3272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Greater Capybaras forage on grasses, sedges, and aquatic vegetation. They occasionally browse on shrubs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB453442092F3515630B6FC" pageId="5" pageNumber="436" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB453442092F3515630B6FC" blockId="5.[1452,2657,2849,3469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB453442092F351590CB666" bold="true" box="[1452,1586,3318,3351]" pageId="5" pageNumber="436">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Greater Capybaras breed year-round in moist tropical habitats, with generally one or occasionally two litters per year. There is often a peak birth month: e.g. February in the Brazilian Pantanal. Litter size averages 3-5 young (range 1-7). Gestation lasts 120-150 days. Females have six pairs of ventral mammae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB75347254DFE8A5DA1BAEF" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB75347254DFE8A5DA1BAEF" blockId="6.[114,1326,301,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB75347254DFE8A5E5EBA3F" bold="true" box="[115,352,301,334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Greater Capybaras can be active at any time of the day, but they are most active after dawn and in the early evening. In regions where there is strong hunting pressure, they are mostly nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB75347254BFE045C62B859" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB75347254BFE045C62B859" blockId="6.[114,1326,301,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB75347254BFE045C6EBAB5" bold="true" box="[117,848,419,452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Greater Capybaras live in large groups of extended family members. Group sizes are 2-30 individuals; each group generally has one dominant male that breeds. Mating system is a form of resource defense polygyny, where males defend access to foraging resources associated with bodies of water, which are also critical for predator escape. Males emit alarm barks, and groups flee to the water where they can swim under the surface. Home rangesize is variable and depends on habitat quality, varying from 10 ha in resource-rich areas to more than 200 ha in resource-poor habitats. In the Brazilian Pantanal, groups of Greater Capybaras as large as 37 individuals were observed, with mean group sizes of 3-6-5-8 individuals. Density can be nearly 15 ind/ha.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB753472549FC8A5A2AB8B5" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472549FC8A5A2AB8B5" blockId="6.[114,1326,301,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB753472549FC8A5EEDB83F" bold="true" box="[119,467,813,846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Capybara has an extremely wide distribution, is present in many protected areas, and occurs at high densities in many regions. Hunting for meat and leather is a primary threat, but there are a number of captive populations that have reduced demand.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB753472547FC7F5EACBF4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="437" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB753472547FC7F5EACBF4C" blockId="6.[114,1326,301,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">
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||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB753472547FC7F5E30B89C" bold="true" box="[121,270,984,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="437">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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||
Alho & Rondon (1987), Asheret al. (2008), Dunnum (2015), Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Emmons (1997a), Feijo & Langguth (2013), Ferraz et al. (2007), Macdonald (1981, 2001), de Oliveira & Bonvicino (2006), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |