192 lines
21 KiB
XML
192 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="BB442A35B28FAB0DB7D7B299D4B57C19">
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<mods:title id="073DBA55321F751F57D956DA2A494693">Caviidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05FC5963308CE0CAEFEA98A92A88C5F6">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D960C538D5D1886672CEA849CD610CE">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1FE074126B737A99738BF757DC0D6C6">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D98F5B6076434F8BD0291C4AFA9D9D1D">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="7219EAE784208641834F3D407C7DBA18" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="DF786C2D8A6A1C6D70CC6FA2D748671A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="62CE968FE1C2E1B4987D56CBF93D7170">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="E5F625FDC2C806849CC19BB91698CFF9">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FF87C7FFB35343255CFDA45A2BB10E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585481" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6585481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87C7FFB35343255CFDA45A2BB10E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB35343255CFDA45A2BB10E" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255CFDA45F41B940" blockId="2.[93,1031,515,604]" box="[98,127,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB35343255CFDA45F41B940" box="[98,127,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<figureCitation id="136D2A54FFB35343255CFDA45F41B940" box="[98,127,515,561]" captionStart="Plate 25: Caviidae" captionStartId="2.[103,133,3334,3355]" captionTargetBox="[12,2735,14,3642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Brazilian Guinea Pig (Cavia aperea), 2. Montane Guinea Pig (Cavia tschudu), 3. Shiny Guinea Pig (Cavia fulgida), 4. Sacha Guinea Pig (Cavia patzelti), 5. Greater Guinea Pig (Cavia magna), 6. Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig (Cavia intermedia), 7. Southern Mountain Cavy (Microcavia australis), 8. Northern Mountain Cavy (Mucrocavia miata), 9. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy (Microcavia shiptoni), 10. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea spixu), 11. Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea flavidens), 12. Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea musteloides), 13. Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea comes), 14. Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy (Galea leucoblephara), 15. Greater Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 16. Lesser Capybara (Hydrochoerus isthmius), 17. Rock Cavy (Kerodon rupestris), 18. Acrobatic Cavy (Kerodon acrobata), 19. Patagonian Mara (Dolichotis patagonum), 20. Chacoan Mara (Dolichotis salinicola)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585570/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">1.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB3534325AEFDA45D03B940" box="[144,573,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534325AEFDA45D03B940" blockId="2.[93,1031,515,604]" box="[144,573,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB3534325AEFDA45D03B940" box="[144,573,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB3534325AEFDA45D03B940" box="[144,573,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Brazilian Guinea Pig</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343274AFDA45C58B940" box="[628,870,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343274AFDA45C58B940" blockId="2.[93,1031,515,604]" box="[628,870,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB35343274AFDA45C58B940" box="[628,870,515,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB35343274AFDA45C58B940" ID-CoL="RY7N" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[628,870,515,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aperea">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343274AFDA45C58B940" box="[628,870,515,561]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Cavia aperea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB353432561FDE45B38B929" box="[95,1030,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB353432561FDE45B38B929" blockId="2.[93,1031,515,604]" box="[95,1030,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<heading id="D0A181BDFFB353432561FDE45B38B929" box="[95,1030,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB353432561FDE45F94B929" bold="true" box="[95,170,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB35343258DFDE45E64B929" box="[179,346,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Cobaye du Brésil</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343244EFDE45EF4B929" bold="true" box="[368,458,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB3534324EAFDE45DC7B929" box="[468,761,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Gemeines Meerschweinchen</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB353432631FDE45C54B929" bold="true" box="[783,874,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055546FFFFB35343264DFDE45C84B929" box="[883,954,579,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Cobaya</vernacularName>
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comun
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB3534327FDFD2F5A2EB9D4" box="[707,1296,648,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327FDFD2F5A2EB9D4" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" box="[707,1296,648,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB3534327FDFD2F5C60B9D4" bold="true" box="[707,862,648,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB35343264AFD2F5A35B9D4" ID-CoL="RY7N" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[884,1291,648,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aperea">Cavia aperea Erxleben, 1777</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB3534327FBFD125CC4B9BF" box="[709,1018,693,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327FBFD125CC4B9BF" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" box="[709,1018,693,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B3E3C8CFFB3534327FBFD125CC4B9BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3784487309" box="[709,1018,693,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">“Brazil, Pernambuco.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB3534327FBFD705BAFB985" box="[709,1169,727,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327FBFD705BAFB985" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" box="[709,1169,727,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Seven subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB3534327FAFD5C5B5FBE35" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF296659FFB3534327FAFD5C5B5FBE35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6585518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6585518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6585518/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" targetBox="[93,684,656,1069]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327FAFD5C5B6AB86D" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" box="[708,1108,763,796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB3534327FAFD5C5B6AB86D" bold="true" box="[708,1108,763,796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327F9FC815BF3B832" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" box="[711,1229,806,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB3534327F9FC815BF3B832" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[711,1229,806,835]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="aperea">C.a.apereaErxleben,1777—EBrazil.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327F6FCEE5B68B890" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB3534327F6FCEE5B68B890" authority=" A. Allen, 1916" authorityName="A. Allen" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="anolaimae">C.a.anolaimaeJ.A.Allen,1916—highelevationsoftheEasternAndesrangeinColombiaandVenezuela,andtheCordilleradeMéridainNWVenezuela.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB3534327F6FC485E6BBF28" blockId="2.[707,1299,648,1072]" lastBlockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB3534327F6FC485E6BBF28" authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="guianae">C.a.guianaeThomas,1901—NAmazonBasininColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,andNBrazil.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255DFBC55CB5BF0E" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB35343255DFBC55CB5BF0E" authority="Cabrera, 1953" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1953" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="hypoleuca">C. a.hypoleucaCabrera,1953—ParaguayandNArgentina.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255DFB225EFCBF87" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB35343255DFB225A2DBFD7" authority="Thomas, 1917" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1917" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[99,1299,1157,1190]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="nana">C.a.nanahmas, 1917—EslopeoftheAndesandYungasmontaneforestsofC</taxonomicName>
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Bolivia;thereisareportedrecordforSEPeru,howeverthisNlimitofthedistributionisconsideredunresolved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255AFAA35B2ABE6C" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" box="[100,1044,1284,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB35343255AFAA35B2ABE6C" authority="Thomas, 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[100,1044,1284,1309]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="pamparum">C.a.pamparumThomas,1901—SBrazil,Uruguay,andEArgentina.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255AFA8C5B5FBE35" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" box="[100,1121,1323,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB35343255AFA8C5EFFBE35" authority="Thomas, 1917" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1917" box="[100,449,1323,1348]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aperea" subSpecies="rosida">C. a. rosida Thomas, 1917</taxonomicName>
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— the Serra do Mar in E Parana State, SE Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255EFAEC5C72BD29" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255EFAEC5C72BD29" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255EFAEC5E5EBE1D" bold="true" box="[96,352,1355,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 215-395 mm, ear 19-23 mm, hindfoot 38-46 mm; weight 500-790 g. Greatest lengths of skull are 52-73 mm. Male Brazilian Guinea Pigs are heavier than females. The seven subspecies vary in external measurements, color, and morphology; nana is the smallest subspecies and the nominate
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<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB353432117FA675B46BE90" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[1065,1144,1472,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Cavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aperea">aperea</taxonomicName>
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is the largest. General characteristics are olive-brown dorsum, flecked with brown and black, and paler venter that varies from whitish to yellowish gray. General body form is very reminiscent of the domestic Guinea pig (C. porcellus).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255EF9F95D2BBD87" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255EF9F95D2BBD87" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255EF9F95FEEBD0E" bold="true" box="[96,208,1630,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry grasslands, upland savannas, moist savanna, cerrado woodland with shrub cover, and even gallery forests. Brazilian Guinea Pigs also occur in agricultural areas and along roadsides and railway right-of-ways. It does not burrow but constructs tunnels and runways in vegetation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255FF95C5DBFBC35" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255FF95C5DBFBC35" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
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||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255FF95C5E54BC6D" bold="true" box="[97,362,1787,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Brazilian Guinea Pigs are grazers and depend heavily on grasses. They also eat inflorescences and seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255FF8ED5C3FBC93" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255FF8ED5C3FBC93" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255FF8ED5FD6BC1A" bold="true" box="[97,232,1866,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Brazilian Guinea Pigs breed year-round, and females can have five liters/ year under ideal conditions. Gestation is c.62 days, and litter sizes are 1-5 young (average 2-3). Newborns weigh ¢.60 g and are highly precocial. Females reach sexual maturity at c.2 months and males at ¢.3 months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255EF84F5D62B340" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255EF84F5D62B340" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255EF84F5E73B378" bold="true" box="[96,333,2024,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Brazilian Guinea Pigs are diurnal, with peaks in morning and early evening. They are active year-round.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255CF79D5CCBB2CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255CF79D5CCBB2CB" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255CF79D5C16B326" bold="true" box="[98,808,2106,2135]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Population ecology and social behavior of the Brazilian Guinea Pig have been widely studied. Home range size is highly variable, much like morphology. Home ranges of males vary from 165 m* to 1387 m* across studies; home ranges of females are significantly smaller but equally variable. Male home ranges overlap multiple female home ranges, but males maintain relatively exclusive home ranges among themselves. Density estimates range from 12-5 ind/ha in Brazil to 38 ind/ha in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB3534324EDF6845D5CB235" box="[467,610,2339,2372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both sexes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB353432626F6845CFFB235" box="[792,961,2339,2372]" form="strong" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" rank="form">form strong</taxonomicName>
|
||
linear dominance hierarchies, and males can control access to multiple females via male—male aggression. Males therefore exhibit female defense polygyny and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFB353432667F6D55CC5B2E2" box="[857,1019,2418,2451]" form="either" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" rank="form">form either</taxonomicName>
|
||
a pair bond or control access to multiple females. Rate of multiple paternities is low.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255AF6675E20B140" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255AF6675E20B140" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255AF6675EFFB290" bold="true" box="[100,449,2496,2529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. It is abundant throughout a very large distribution and tolerates a moderate amount of habitat modification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFB35343255AF5985A2BB10E" pageId="2" pageNumber="433" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFB35343255AF5985A2BB10E" blockId="2.[95,1303,1088,2687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFB35343255AF5985FC4B129" bold="true" box="[100,250,2623,2648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="433">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Adrian & Sachser (2011), Canevari & Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum & Salazar-Bravo (2010a), Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Redford & Eisenberg (1992), Rood (1970, 1972), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |