506 lines
79 KiB
XML
506 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document id="157AEB052DBA20CDCFB6C3513055DA86" ID-CLB-Dataset="45956" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3790.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb357b0e-637b-4303-9414-b6d2809daff8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="29899" ID-ZooBank="BDA1931C-FEDB-4142-8A63-2765593621A9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460411323498" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jäger, Peter" docDate="2014" docId="03DA87EFFFB73964FF69FA7A83611AFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03790p356.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3790 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cebrennus rechenbergi Jäger, 2014, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="341" masterDocId="FFE3FF97FFA33972FFFEFFEE86631D40" masterDocTitle="Cebrennus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae): a revisionary up-date with the description of four new species and an updated identification key for all species" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="319" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1698300605956" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="723E6946D979F3EAEB82281847D71633">Cebrennus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae): a revisionary up-date with the description of four new species and an updated identification key for all species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6BE327B5257AFCAE200ABBCE074F06B">Jäger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="95E491C37C1505DFCF63DF2F798EAD87">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FCF1BA52296CB63BFF6E00475C6FB0B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="330F38EAA120DC2B64DD851C65BD5E6F">
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<mods:date id="41CB51049BD1BADE0EFF23D0EA574AE8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C08285444180BDC0F765458A2D22F858">3790</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DA87EFFFB73964FF69FA7A83611AFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6124571" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119423546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6124571" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87EFFFB73964FF69FA7A83611AFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87EFFFB73964FF69FA7A83611AFB" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB73966FF69FA7A87181B74" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB73966FF69FA7A845118EF" blockId="20.[151,584,1428,1488]" box="[151,562,1428,1455]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<heading id="D0848195FFB73966FF69FA7A845118EF" bold="true" box="[151,562,1428,1455]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FF69FA7A845118EF" bold="true" box="[151,562,1428,1455]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB73966FF69FA7A87D018EE" ID-CoL="RYYF" box="[151,435,1428,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rechenbergi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FF69FA7A87D018EE" bold="true" box="[151,435,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Cebrennus rechenbergi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2345790FFB73966FE44FA7B845118EF" box="[442,562,1429,1455]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB73966FF69FA59842B1890" blockId="20.[151,584,1428,1488]" box="[151,584,1463,1488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB73966FF69FA5987511890" box="[151,306,1463,1488]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 109 – 117" captionStart-1="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId-0="25.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1394,193,1891]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId-0="figure@25.[184,1408,193,1898]" captionTargetId-1="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="FIGURES 109 – 117. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., males from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (109 holotype, 110 PJ 3395, 111 – 117 PJ 3407). 109 – 115 Left male palp (109 – 111 ventral, 112 retrolateral, 113 bulb, prolateral, 114 tibia, dorsal, 115 distal femur, retrolatero-dorsal); 116 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 117 Eye arrangement, dorsal. DE—distal part of embolus, here developed as coil, FA—femoral apophysis, K—embolic kink, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." captionText-1="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/398889/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Figs 109–127</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB73966FEC0FA5987C01890" box="[318,419,1463,1488]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 135 – 140" captionStart-1="FIGURES 141 – 146" captionStartId-0="28.[151,264,1652,1675]" captionStartId-1="29.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1434,203,1618]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1427,227,1623]" captionTargetId-0="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetId-1="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId-0="28" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="FIGURES 135 – 140. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., female from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, entering the tube through a semicircular slit in the silken lid. Photos: I. Rechenberg." captionText-1="FIGURES 141 – 146. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. 141 – 144 Copulation (141 – 142 on sand, 143 – 144 in grass); 145 Threatening behaviour; 146 Habitat with mobile research station of Ingo Rechenberg. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/398892/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/398893/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">135–146</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB73966FE50FA5984701890" box="[430,531,1463,1488]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 147 – 151" captionStart-1="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId-0="30.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,203,1757]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1767]" captionTargetId-1="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionText-0="FIGURES 147 – 151. Silken burrows (149, 150 [right] showing distal extensions). 147 – 148 Cebrennus villosus (Jézéquel & Junqua, 1966) from Tunisia; 149 – 151 Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. Photos: 147 – 148 Beudels; 149 – 151 I. Rechenberg." captionText-1="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/398894/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">149–161</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB73966FDE0FA56842B1890" box="[542,584,1464,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="35.[151,249,736,758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,688]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,225,688]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 173. Distribution records of Cebrennus spp. (according to Jäger 2000 and references therein, this paper and Reimoser 1919). Note that the exact locality for C. laurae spec. nov. is unknown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398898/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">173</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB73966FF69FA1187181B74" blockId="20.[151,1436,1535,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311D7FFB73966FF69FA1187181B74" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB73966FF69FA1184081B55" ID-CoL="RYYL" authority="Jezequel and Junqua" authorityName="Jezequel and Junqua" box="[151,619,1535,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FF69FA1187021B55" box="[151,353,1535,1557]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Cebrennus villosus</emphasis>
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(Jézéquel and Junqua)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210E8FFB73966FD81FA1185791B55" author="King" box="[639,794,1535,1557]" page="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" year="2013">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB73966FD81FA11849A1B55" author="King" box="[639,761,1535,1557]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" refString="King, R. S. (2013) BiLBIQ: a biologically inspired robot with walking and rolling locomotion. Biosystems and Biorobotics. Vol. 2. Springer, Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 83 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 34682 - 8" type="book" year="2013">King 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 7
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
ff., figs 2.1–2.8, 4.1 (illustration of flic-flac behaviour; misidentification)
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB73966FF69F98F83321A2C" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB73966FF69F98F83F81A0A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1633,2005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FF69F98F84A61B3A" bold="true" box="[151,709,1633,1658]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB73966FF69F98F86B11B3A" box="[151,210,1633,1658]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3647669FFB73966FEB1F98F878F1B3A" box="[335,492,1633,1658]" name="Morocco" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">MOROCCO</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FE04F98F84DE1B3A" bold="true" box="[506,701,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Meknès-Tafilalet</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB73966FD31F98F85541B3A" box="[719,823,1633,1658]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
male (PJ 3187), Er Rachidia,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B1CFFB73966FB6DF98F82BF1B3A" box="[1171,1244,1633,1658]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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SE Erfoud, near Tisserdmine, northern Erg Chebbi, 31° 16.212'
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<geoCoordinate id="EE47503EFFB73966FD59F96A85561BDC" box="[679,821,1667,1692]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" precision="1" value="3.99125">N 3° 59.475'</geoCoordinate>
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W,
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<quantity id="4C8B9B1CFFB73966FC9EF96D85C41BDB" box="[864,935,1667,1692]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</quantity>
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||
elev., sand dunes, I. Rechenberg leg.
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||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FAB5F96D86B11BFF" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2009-07-15">15 July 2009</date>
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, SD 622 (
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<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FEB6F94987E11BFF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[328,386,1703,1727]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
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59794).
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<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FE15F948840F1BFF" bold="true" box="[491,620,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
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<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB73966FE15F94884041BFF" box="[491,615,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FD8BF94984A01BFF" box="[629,707,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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(PJ 3395), leg. 2008 (
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<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FC37F94982651BFF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[969,1030,1703,1727]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
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);
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<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FBE2F94982091BFF" box="[1052,1130,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3407), leg.
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||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FAD8F94986B11BA1" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2010-08-14">14 August 2010</date>
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||
, SD 392 (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FEC1F927871F1BA1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[319,380,1737,1761]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
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);
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<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FE71F92787B91BA2" box="[399,474,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3189) leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FD7CF92785721BA1" box="[642,785,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2009-07-27">27 July 2009</date>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FCE1F927853A1BA1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[799,857,1737,1761]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
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59796);
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<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FC43F927827E1BA2" box="[957,1053,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3186) leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FB3BF92783371BA1" box="[1221,1364,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2009-07-14">14 July 2009</date>
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FA9CF92783FF1BA1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1378,1436,1737,1761]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
59793);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FF0AF90287361A44" box="[244,341,1771,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3188) leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FE02F90584EF1A44" box="[508,652,1771,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2009-07-25">25 July 2009</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FD64F90284B71A44" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[666,724,1772,1796]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
59795),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FCC8F90285E21A44" box="[822,897,1771,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3477, SD 435),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FB9FF90282A01A44" box="[1121,1219,1771,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3478, SD 439), leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FF37F8E187FA1A67" box="[201,409,1806,1831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2013-09-01">1 September 2013</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FE54F8E1878F1A67" box="[426,492,1807,1831]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FDFCF8E1842C1A67" box="[514,591,1806,1831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3479, SD 463),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FCC3F8E185C31A67" box="[829,928,1806,1831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3480), leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FBA4F8E1834A1A67" box="[1114,1321,1806,1831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2013-09-01">1 September 2013</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FAC5F8E1831B1A67" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1339,1400,1807,1831]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FA70F8E186AE1A0A" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3481, SD 479),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FE4FF8DF84711A0A" box="[433,530,1841,1866]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(PJ 3482, SD 480), leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FCD9F8DF85911A09" box="[807,1010,1841,1866]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2013-09-01">1 September 2013</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FBFFF8DF825D1A09" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1025,1086,1841,1865]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
), all other data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB73966FACFF8DF83F41A0A" box="[1329,1431,1841,1866]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB73966FF39F8BD83321A2C" blockId="20.[151,1436,1633,2005]" box="[199,1361,1875,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FF39F8BD84571A2C" bold="true" box="[199,564,1875,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD70FFB73966FDC5F8BA84D41A2C" box="[571,695,1875,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
, as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB73966FCF7F8BD85081A2C" box="[777,875,1875,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except for: leg.
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB73966FBDFF8BD82C81A2C" box="[1057,1195,1875,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" value="2009-07-05">5. July 2009</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3CFFB73966FB44F8BA82971A2C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1210,1268,1876,1900]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
59797).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB73967FF39F898873A1FD6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB73967FF39F898873A1FD6" blockId="20.[151,1436,1633,2005]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FF39F89887221ACF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1910,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized Sparassinae, body length of males: 13.8–19.0, females: 19.0–19.5. Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB73966FA7CF899868E1AF2" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FA7CF899868E1AF2" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB73966FEDAF87487C91AF2" box="[292,426,1945,1970]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FEDAF87487C91AF2" box="[292,426,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">C. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the distal embolus coiled, the RTA reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB73966FBE4F87782D51AF1" box="[1050,1206,1945,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 117" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[184,1394,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[184,1408,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 117. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., males from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (109 holotype, 110 PJ 3395, 111 – 117 PJ 3407). 109 – 115 Left male palp (109 – 111 ventral, 112 retrolateral, 113 bulb, prolateral, 114 tibia, dorsal, 115 distal femur, retrolatero-dorsal); 116 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 117 Eye arrangement, dorsal. DE—distal part of embolus, here developed as coil, FA—femoral apophysis, K—embolic kink, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398889/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Figs 109–114</figureCitation>
|
||
) and epigyne with a simple and long median septum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB73966FDECF85284D01A94" box="[530,691,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">Figs 118, 123</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB73966FC25F85382021A95" box="[987,1121,1980,2005]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB73966FC25F85382021A95" box="[987,1121,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="339">C. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(only males known) by the blunt distal tip of cymbium, the absence of a gap between the strong rounded part of embolus and the tegulum and the slightly smaller RTA, that is not reaching the distal tibial margin in retrolateral view. Males of the new species can be distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FDE3FF3084F01DB6" box="[541,659,221,246]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FDE3FF3084F01DB6" box="[541,659,221,246]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a small RTA. Females are hard to distinguish from those of the very similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FE4CFEEE84491C58" box="[434,554,255,280]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FE4CFEEE84491C58" box="[434,554,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species exhibits small pits at the lateral epigyne originated from deeply invaginated muscular attachment points. These are slightly deeper and more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FB4FFECD833A1C7B" box="[1201,1369,290,315]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rechenbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FB4FFECD833A1C7B" box="[1201,1369,290,315]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. rechenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FA9CFECC86AB1C1E" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2345790FFB63967FA9CFECC86AB1C1E" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Females exhibit a small, but distinct transversal ridge close to the posterior end of the medium septum (it may be functionally connected with anchoring the male RTA considering functional morphology of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FAEEFE8983FB1CC0" box="[1296,1432,359,384]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Jäger unpubl. data). The rounded median structures of the internal duct system (glandular appendages) are relatively larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FE55FE4084401C86" box="[427,547,429,454]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FE55FE4084401C86" box="[427,547,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FDCAFE4384B61C86" box="[564,725,429,454]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 119, 124</figureCitation>
|
||
), i.e. their largest diameter as large or larger than the distance from these structure to the anterior end of the internal duct system (generally smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FB6FFE3E836A1CA8" box="[1169,1289,463,488]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FB6FFE3E836A1CA8" box="[1169,1289,463,488]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the septum relatively longer to the length of the internal duct system (septum length/length internal duct system = 0.69–0.72;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FEE8FDF887EE1F6E" box="[278,397,533,558]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FEE8FDF887EE1F6E" box="[278,397,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 0.57–0.66). Moreover, the two posterior teeth are in both sexes more distinctly fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FA94FDFB86A01F10" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 117" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[184,1394,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[184,1408,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 117. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., males from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (109 holotype, 110 PJ 3395, 111 – 117 PJ 3407). 109 – 115 Left male palp (109 – 111 ventral, 112 retrolateral, 113 bulb, prolateral, 114 tibia, dorsal, 115 distal femur, retrolatero-dorsal); 116 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 117 Eye arrangement, dorsal. DE—distal part of embolus, here developed as coil, FA—femoral apophysis, K—embolic kink, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398889/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 116</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FF2CFDD6875A1F10" box="[210,313,567,592]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">121, 126</figureCitation>
|
||
) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FE57FDD684401F10" box="[425,547,567,592]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FE57FDD684401F10" box="[425,547,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. the apices are relatively shorter than those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FB7EFDD6829A1F10" box="[1152,1273,567,592]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FB7EFDD6829A1F10" box="[1152,1273,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flic-flac (escape) behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FE6AFDB584591F33" box="[404,570,602,627]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rechenbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FE6AFDB584591F33" box="[404,570,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. rechenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FDBDFDB484D51F33" bold="true" box="[579,694,602,627]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2345790FFB63967FDBDFDB484D51F33" box="[579,694,602,627]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FD38FDB485001F33" box="[710,867,602,627]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 152–161</figureCitation>
|
||
) seems also to be unique and was not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB63967FF69FD90876E1FD6" box="[151,269,637,662]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FF69FD90876E1FD6" box="[151,269,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so far.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB63967FF39FD7182951FBD" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39FD7182951FBD" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FF39FD71872D1FF8" bold="true" box="[199,334,671,696]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is honouring Prof. Dr. Ingo Rechenberg, who collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB63967FB03FD4E834E1FF8" box="[1277,1325,672,696]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. Moreover, he spent many months in the Saharan desert observing and filming the unusual behaviour of this new species and triggered research in the field of bionics and bio-robotics; noun (name) in genitive case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB63967FF39FCE982191AFB" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39FCE983FB1918" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FF39FCE9873A1E60" bold="true" box="[199,345,775,800]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB63967FE4AFCE9847B1E60" box="[436,536,775,800]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
first with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB63967FD60FCE6856A1E60" box="[670,777,776,800]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in parentheses if differing). PL 8.2 (7.2–8.5), PW 6.5 (5.8–6.7), AW 3.9 (3.3–3.8), OL 8.7 (6.6–10.5), OW 7.0 (4.9–6.3). AME 0.62 (0.57–0.70), ALE 0.39 (0.35–0.38), PME 0.35 (0.36–0.40), PLE 0.37 (0.31–0.41), AME–AME 0.10 (0.15), AME–ALE 0.06 (0.08–0.10), PME–PME 0.54 (0.56–0.61), PME–PLE 0.61 (0.55–0.66), AME–PME 0.41 (0.45–0.48), ALE–PLE 0.46 (0.52-0.53), clypeus AME 0.17 (0.20), clypeus ALE 0.32 (0.28–0.30) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FD34FC7C85481EEB" box="[714,811,914,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 117" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[184,1394,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[184,1408,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 117. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., males from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (109 holotype, 110 PJ 3395, 111 – 117 PJ 3407). 109 – 115 Left male palp (109 – 111 ventral, 112 retrolateral, 113 bulb, prolateral, 114 tibia, dorsal, 115 distal femur, retrolatero-dorsal); 116 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 117 Eye arrangement, dorsal. DE—distal part of embolus, here developed as coil, FA—femoral apophysis, K—embolic kink, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398889/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spination: Palp: 120 (020), 0 0 0, 0 0 0, 000; legs: femur I–III 323, IV 322(3); patella 000; tibia
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FDAAFC5884AF1E8E" box="[596,716,950,974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="2024-01" valueMax="2024-04-31" valueMin="2024-01-00">I–IV 2024</date>
|
||
; metatarsus
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FCA7FC5885B31E8E" box="[857,976,950,974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="2024-01" valueMax="2024-03-31" valueMin="2024-01-00">I–III 2024</date>
|
||
, IV 3036 (3035/4024). Ventral metatarsi I–IV with sparse scopula in distal half, without spines or bristles distally. Leg formula: 2413. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.8 (3.8, 1.6, 1.7, -, 3.7), leg I 37.8 (11.5, 3.6, 9.8, 10.3, 2.6), leg II 40.9 (12.2, 4.0, 10.6, 11.5, 2.6), leg III 32.6 (10.3, 3.5, 8.0, 8.6, 2.2), leg IV 37.9 (12.1, 3.7, 9.3, 10.3, 2.5). Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 2 adnate posterior teeth, without denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FD9BFBD184A41918" box="[613,711,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 117" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[184,1394,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[184,1408,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 117. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., males from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (109 holotype, 110 PJ 3395, 111 – 117 PJ 3407). 109 – 115 Left male palp (109 – 111 ventral, 112 retrolateral, 113 bulb, prolateral, 114 tibia, dorsal, 115 distal femur, retrolatero-dorsal); 116 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 117 Eye arrangement, dorsal. DE—distal part of embolus, here developed as coil, FA—femoral apophysis, K—embolic kink, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398889/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Fig. 116</figureCitation>
|
||
). Margin of chelicerae close to fang base with 6/9 (7–9) bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39FB8C869F19A3" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
Palp as in diagnosis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FE3FFB8C8401193B" box="[449,610,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 117" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[184,1394,193,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[184,1408,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 117. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., males from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (109 holotype, 110 PJ 3395, 111 – 117 PJ 3407). 109 – 115 Left male palp (109 – 111 ventral, 112 retrolateral, 113 bulb, prolateral, 114 tibia, dorsal, 115 distal femur, retrolatero-dorsal); 116 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 117 Eye arrangement, dorsal. DE—distal part of embolus, here developed as coil, FA—femoral apophysis, K—embolic kink, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398889/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 109–114</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tibia distinctly shorter than cymbium, short RTA with concave distal margin, disto-retrolaterad. Embolus arising in a 9-o’clock-position, distal coil situated in a 1- to 3-o’clock-position; embolus tip reaching into retrolateral half of that coil. Subtegulum visible at distal and prolateral margin of alveolus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39FB03835C18D0" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
Colouration in ethanol: Pale yellowish-brown without distinct pattern. Dorsal prosoma with distinct longitudinal fovea and slight radial pattern. Ventral side lighter; distal segments of appendages slightly darker; spinnerets appearing in ventral view dark by dark setae, otherwise body and legs with white setae; tips of chelicerae, fangs, and distal leg claw tufts dark. Live specimens exhibiting yellow areas on dorsal opisthosoma and femora, otherwise the spider appears white shimmering with ventral leg scopulae in black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FB6DFA99835118D0" box="[1171,1330,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 141 – 146" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,227,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 141 – 146. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. 141 – 144 Copulation (141 – 142 on sand, 143 – 144 in grass); 145 Threatening behaviour; 146 Habitat with mobile research station of Ingo Rechenberg. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398893/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 141–144</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39FA74849D1A4E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
Female (2
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB63967FEBEFA7587CD18F3" box="[320,430,1435,1459]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, PJ 3186, 3188): PL 7.3–8.2, PW 5.8–6.3, AW 4.0–4.4, OL 9.0–11.3, OW 6.5–8.6. AME 0.62–0.67, ALE 0.38–0.40, PME 0.38–0.40, PLE 0.35–0.41, AME–AME 0.16–0.20, AME–ALE 0.0.06–0.09, PME–PME 0.65, PME–PLE 0.57–0.72, AME–PME 0.47, ALE–PLE 0.51–0.59, clypeus AME 0.26–0.27, clypeus ALE 0.31–0.33 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FEA9F9EC87951B5B" box="[343,502,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Fig. 122, 127</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spination: Palp: 120, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0, 1000; legs: femur I–II 323,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FB3AF9ED83681B5B" box="[1220,1291,1539,1563]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="1932-03">III 32</date>
|
||
(1)3, IV 322; patella 000; tibia
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FEA0F9C887B61B7E" box="[350,469,1574,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="2024-01" valueMax="2024-03-31" valueMin="2024-01-00">I–III 2024</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FE1FF9C884251B7E" box="[481,582,1574,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="2024-04">IV 2024</date>
|
||
(3); metatarsus
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FD11F9C8853E1B7E" box="[751,861,1574,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="2024-01" valueMax="2024-02-31" valueMin="2024-01-00">I–II 2024</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCD1039FFB63967FC97F9C885A51B7E" box="[873,966,1574,1598]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" value="2024-03">III 2024</date>
|
||
(2014, 1024), IV 3035. Ventral metatarsi I–IV with sparse scopula in distal half, without spines or bristles distally. Leg formula: 2413(4213). Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.4–11.0 (3.5–3.6, 1.5–1.6, 1.9–2.2, -, 3.5–3.6), leg I 30.2–32.2 (9.1–9.7, 3.5–3.7, 7.2–7.8, 8.1–8.5, 2.3–2.5), leg II 31.7–33.0.8 (9.7–10.2, 3.6–3.7, 7.7–8.4, 8.3–9.0, 2.4–2.5), leg III 25.7–26.6 (8.0–8.5, 3.2–3.3, 5.8–5.9, 6.5–6.8, 2.1–2.2), leg IV 31.9–32.7 (10.1–10.6, 3.5, 7.2–7.9, 7.9–8.3, 2.2–2.4). Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 2 adnate posterior teeth, without denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FC9AF93C82621BAB" box="[868,1025,1746,1771]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Fig. 121, 126</figureCitation>
|
||
). Margin of chelicerae close to fang base with 4–12 bristles. Palpal claw with ca. 7–9 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39F8F985441AD8" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
Copulatory organ as in diagnosis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FDA9F8F985081A70" box="[599,875,1815,1840]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,205,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[188,1398,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., females from Erg Chebbi, Morocco (118 – 122 PJ 3188, 123 – 127 PJ 3186). 118, 123 Epigyne, ventral; 119, 124 Vulva, dorsal; 120, 125 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 121, 126 Cheliceral dentition, ventral; 122, 127 Eye arrangement, dorsal. FD—fertilisation duct, GA—glandular appendages, MA—membranous atrium, MS—median septum, P—lateral pit, SS—slit sense organ, TR—transversal ridge of median septum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398890/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 118–120, 123–125</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epigynal field only well distinguishable in the posterior half, with one slit sensillum on each side. Internal duct system with anteriorly situated membranous sacs (atria) of diverse shapes; medially with slightly sclerotized oval structures originated from a membranous zone. Fertilisation ducts flattened, their tips bent at a right angle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39F84C82191AFB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,1146,1954,1979]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
Colouration in ethanol: As in male. For live colouration see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FC97F84C82661AFB" box="[873,1029,1954,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 135 – 140" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,203,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 135 – 140. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., female from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, entering the tube through a semicircular slit in the silken lid. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398892/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Figs 135–139</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FBEFF84D82151AFB" box="[1041,1142,1955,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 141 – 146" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,227,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 141 – 146. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. 141 – 144 Copulation (141 – 142 on sand, 143 – 144 in grass); 145 Threatening behaviour; 146 Habitat with mobile research station of Ingo Rechenberg. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398893/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">141–144</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB63967FF39F82B850A1A9E" box="[199,873,1989,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB63967FF39F82B850A1A9E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2014]" box="[199,873,1989,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB63967FF39F82B87031A9E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1989,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8885BFFB63967FD9EF82884F31A9E" box="[608,656,1990,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB63967FD04F82B853E1A9E" box="[762,861,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="35.[151,249,736,758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,688]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,225,688]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 173. Distribution records of Cebrennus spp. (according to Jäger 2000 and references therein, this paper and Reimoser 1919). Note that the exact locality for C. laurae spec. nov. is unknown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398898/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="340">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696572FFB53964FF39FF7983611AFB" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB53964FF39FF79828C1D93" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FF39FF7987BD1DF0" bold="true" box="[199,478,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Biology and behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
The following data are compiled mainly from field observations and shots by Ingo Rechenberg in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647669FFB53964FEBEFF5587CA1D92" box="[320,425,187,210]" name="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Parts of these observations have been used and published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FBA0FF5482881D93" author="King" box="[1118,1259,186,211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="King, R. S. (2013) BiLBIQ: a biologically inspired robot with walking and rolling locomotion. Biosystems and Biorobotics. Vol. 2. Springer, Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 83 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 34682 - 8" type="book" year="2013">King (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB53964FF39FF3085F31F4A" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FF39FF3087121DB6" box="[199,369,221,246]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rechenbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FF39FF3087121DB6" box="[199,369,221,246]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. rechenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FE83FF3387971DB6" bold="true" box="[381,500,221,246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2345790FFB53964FE83FF3387971DB6" box="[381,500,221,246]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lives in sandy deserts in the Erg Chebbi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FC0CFF3382351DB6" box="[1010,1110,221,246]" captionStart="FIGURE 173" captionStartId="35.[151,249,736,758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,225,688]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,225,688]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 173. Distribution records of Cebrennus spp. (according to Jäger 2000 and references therein, this paper and Reimoser 1919). Note that the exact locality for C. laurae spec. nov. is unknown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398898/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
|
||
) and builds similar vertical burrows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FEFBFF1187C51C58" box="[261,422,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 151" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,203,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 151. Silken burrows (149, 150 [right] showing distal extensions). 147 – 148 Cebrennus villosus (Jézéquel & Junqua, 1966) from Tunisia; 149 – 151 Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. Photos: 147 – 148 Beudels; 149 – 151 I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398894/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Figs 149–151</figureCitation>
|
||
) like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FE13FEEE84041C58" box="[493,615,255,280]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FE13FEEE84041C58" box="[493,615,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare “Biology” paragraph under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FBD5FEEE82C61C58" box="[1067,1189,255,280]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FBD5FEEE82C61C58" box="[1067,1189,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Although no direct observations were made the same array of long bristles at palps and chelicerae let assume that spiders carry the loose sand in the same way as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FE03FEA884161C1E" box="[509,629,325,350]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FE03FEA884161C1E" box="[509,629,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FD79FEAB84881C1E" box="[647,747,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 134" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[182,1393,202,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[178,1394,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 134. Cebrennus villosus (Jézéquel & Junqua, 1966), females from Tunisia, photos of live spiders. 128 – 129 Habitus showing specialised hairs on palps and chelicerae; 130 Threatening behaviour; 131 Carrying sand with specialised hairs; 132 Adding silk strands to the tube wall when descending to the bottom; 133 Closing the tube opening with a silken lid; 134 Pattern of leg movements around the closed opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398891/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some of the tubes sticking out of the sand in the morning exhibited an elongation part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FE18FE8984E81CC0" box="[486,651,359,384]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 151" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,203,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1767]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 151. Silken burrows (149, 150 [right] showing distal extensions). 147 – 148 Cebrennus villosus (Jézéquel & Junqua, 1966) from Tunisia; 149 – 151 Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. Photos: 147 – 148 Beudels; 149 – 151 I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398894/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Figs. 149, 150</figureCitation>
|
||
right). It is not clear yet how the spiders construct this part, but it is considerably narrower than the rest. Probably it can be interpreted as energy saving issue in a habitat with limited prey items. Further it was observed that the spider returns after its nocturnal trip to its burrow and “dives” through a slit of the lid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FE9FFE2184611CA8" box="[353,514,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURES 135 – 140" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,203,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 135 – 140. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., female from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, entering the tube through a semicircular slit in the silken lid. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398892/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Figs 135–140</figureCitation>
|
||
) starting with leg II and III of one side (here right side,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FB4AFE21837A1CA8" box="[1204,1305,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURES 135 – 140" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1652,1675]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,203,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1631]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 135 – 140. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov., female from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, entering the tube through a semicircular slit in the silken lid. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398892/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
|
||
), then first disappearing with one side of the body and continuing with the rest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB53964FF39FDFB84931FBE" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
Copulatory posture is the same as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FD1EFDFB85071F6E" box="[736,868,533,558]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FC82FDF882E21F6D" box="[892,1153,534,557]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Micrommata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FC82FDF882E21F6D" box="[892,1153,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Micrommata virescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FB68FDFB83F61F6D" box="[1174,1429,533,558]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venatoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FB68FDFB83F61F6D" box="[1174,1429,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Heteropoda venatoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FF69FDD9870D1F10" box="[151,366,567,592]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FF69FDD9870D1F10" box="[151,366,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Heteropoda tetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FE80FDD984241F10" box="[382,583,567,592]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Holconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FE80FDD984241F10" box="[382,583,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Holconia insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Jäger unpubl.): the male is sitting on the back of the female in a reverse position, i.e. with his head at her opisthosoma, no matter whether the female is sitting on the desert ground or hanging at grass leafs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FE60FD93845C1FD6" box="[414,575,637,662]" captionStart="FIGURES 141 – 146" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,227,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 141 – 146. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. 141 – 144 Copulation (141 – 142 on sand, 143 – 144 in grass); 145 Threatening behaviour; 146 Habitat with mobile research station of Ingo Rechenberg. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398893/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Figs 141–144</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palps are inserted alternatively: left palp at the left side of the female and right palp accordingly. From a close-up (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FDA2FD7184D91FF8" box="[604,698,671,696]" captionStart="FIGURES 141 – 146" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,227,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 141 – 146. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. 141 – 144 Copulation (141 – 142 on sand, 143 – 144 in grass); 145 Threatening behaviour; 146 Habitat with mobile research station of Ingo Rechenberg. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398893/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
|
||
) it is clear that the RTA comes close to the epigynal pits as well as to the transversal ridge of the medium septum during the copulation process, theoretically supporting the hypothesis that these structure build a functional unit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB53964FF39FCE9831D1846" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
The most striking behaviour is the so-called flic-flac behaviour: when disturbed a spider will usually show first the threatening behaviour like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FE14FCC5843C1E03" box="[490,607,810,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FE14FCC5843C1E03" box="[490,607,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FD91FCC484B31E03" box="[623,720,810,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 141 – 146" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,227,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 141 – 146. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco. 141 – 144 Copulation (141 – 142 on sand, 143 – 144 in grass); 145 Threatening behaviour; 146 Habitat with mobile research station of Ingo Rechenberg. Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398893/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
|
||
; compare for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FC96FCC5823D1E03" authority="Jager 2000" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2000" box="[872,1118,810,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FC96FCC585BD1E03" box="[872,990,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FC1AFCC5823D1E03" author="Jager" box="[996,1118,811,835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Jager, P. (2000) The huntsman spider genus Cebrennus: four new species and a preliminary key to known species (Araneae: Sparassidae: Sparassinae). Revue Arachnologique, 13, 163 - 186." type="journal article" year="2000">Jäger 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FB6DFCC482971E03" box="[1171,1268,810,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 134" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[182,1393,202,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[178,1394,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 134. Cebrennus villosus (Jézéquel & Junqua, 1966), females from Tunisia, photos of live spiders. 128 – 129 Habitus showing specialised hairs on palps and chelicerae; 130 Threatening behaviour; 131 Carrying sand with specialised hairs; 132 Adding silk strands to the tube wall when descending to the bottom; 133 Closing the tube opening with a silken lid; 134 Pattern of leg movements around the closed opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398891/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
|
||
). When further provoked the spider starts running and in about 50% of all cases observed running transforms to flic-flac behaviour. Usually it is performed forwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FDE3FC8184A71EC8" box="[541,708,879,904]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Figs. 152–161</figureCitation>
|
||
), but can also be done backwards. It can be performed on even ground but also down- or up-hill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FDE8FC7C841A1EEB" box="[534,633,914,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
). It could be interpreted as last-resort escaping behaviour. Speed is two times higher than running speed (according to high speed camera shots and subsequent analysis by I. Rechenberg) and might be the trigger to select for this costly behaviour. However, I. Rechenberg observed that males and females perform this behaviour and that the spider will approach the person who provoked it. Spiders got to the hand, the knee or to other body parts of that person, in one case a spider choose the torch lying in the sand beside the person. Such behaviour is not known from any of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FC88FBD1858C1918" box="[886,1007,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FC88FBD1858C1918" box="[886,1007,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Cebrennus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but in the Kalahari(?) desert photo evidence exists from a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FE10FB8C8411193B" box="[494,626,1122,1147]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FD7BFB8C8549193B" box="[645,810,1122,1147]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Leucorchestris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FD7BFB8C8549193B" box="[645,810,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Leucorchestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? sp.) jumping on the back from a suricate (Henschel, personal communication). Mock attacks were also observed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647669FFB53964FC95FB6B85A819DE" box="[875,971,1157,1182]" name="Namibia" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Henschel on a dune lark (which fled after the attack) and by Norgaard on himself on several occasions (both unpublished observations). It may be interpreted as best option to defend, since running away is useless in a habitat without any possibilities to hide and with temperatures making a spider exhausted after several metres running (Norgaard, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB53964FF39FAE185B71896" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
The movement itself is induced mainly by legs I, II and IV and their quick and powerful stretching. The spider will jump, tumble and land on the dorsal tarsi and metatarsi IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FC9AFADC85A5180B" box="[868,966,1330,1355]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 156</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subsequently, tarsi II are in contact with the ground. In this stage legs I and III are held above the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FC88FABB85B9182E" box="[886,986,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 157</figureCitation>
|
||
). After that, dorsal tarsi and metatarsi I touch the sand (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FEB5FA9987CD18D0" box="[331,430,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 158</figureCitation>
|
||
). At least tarsi II and IV dive slightly into the sand, when oriented in a right angle to the sand’s surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A7CFFB53964FEB8FA7487C918F3" box="[326,426,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 161" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[194,1401,203,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[180,1412,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 161. Cebrennus rechenbergi spec. nov. from Erg Chebbi, Morocco, flic-flac behaviour (152 – 160 even surface, 161 uphill; see text for detailed description). Photos: I. Rechenberg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/398895/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Fig. 158</figureCitation>
|
||
). The flic-flac behaviour is not known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FC58FA75827D18F3" box="[934,1054,1434,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FC58FA75827D18F3" box="[934,1054,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. villosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647669FFB53964FBD3FA7482E618F3" box="[1069,1157,1434,1459]" name="Algeria" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647669FFB53964FB6CFA74828418F3" box="[1170,1255,1434,1459]" name="Tunisia" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FAE8FA75868C1896" authority="(Egypt)" baseAuthorityName="Egypt" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FAE8FA7583FF18F3" box="[1302,1436,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647669FFB53964FF61FA5086841896" box="[159,231,1470,1494]" name="Egypt" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two closely related species according to their palpal morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F9FFB53964FF39FA3183611AFB" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
Similar behaviours are known from the huntsman spiders
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FC95FA31832618B8" authority="Lawrence, 1966" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1966" box="[875,1349,1503,1528]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Carparachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureoflava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FC95FA3182E018B8" box="[875,1155,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Carparachne aureoflava</emphasis>
|
||
Lawrence, 1966
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FA7CFA0E87EB1B5B" authority="Lawrence, 1962" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1962" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Carparachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FA7CFA0E86AA1B5B" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. alba</emphasis>
|
||
Lawrence, 1962
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gravity-driven wheeling in Namib dunes;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FC87F9EC82441B5B" author="Henschel" box="[889,1063,1538,1563]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Henschel, J. R. (1990) Spiders wheel to escape. South African Journal of Science, 86, 151 - 152." type="journal article" year="1990">Henschel 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another wheeling behaviour is known from larvae of the tiger beetle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FDADF9CB825A1B7E" authority="LeConte, 1856" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1856" box="[595,1081,1573,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dorsalis" subSpecies="media">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FDADF9CB85101B7E" box="[595,883,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Cicindela dorsalis media</emphasis>
|
||
(LeConte, 1856)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wind-powered somersaults in Namib;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FF0CF9A787941B20" author="Harvey" box="[242,503,1607,1633]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Harvey, A. & Zukoff, S. (2011) Wind-powered wheel locomotion, initiated by leaping somersaults, in larvae of the southeastern Beach Tiger Beetle (Cicindela dorsalis media). PLoS ONE, 6 (3), e 17746. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0017746" type="journal article" year="2011">Harvey & Zukoff 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from an unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FCDBF9A985F01B20" box="[805,915,1607,1632]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Salticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wind-powered wheeling in Namib;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FACAF9A986B01BC3" author="Henschel" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Henschel, J. R. (1990) Spiders wheel to escape. South African Journal of Science, 86, 151 - 152." type="journal article" year="1990">Henschel 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Caterpillars of two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FDDFF98484951BC3" author="Brackenbury" box="[545,758,1642,1667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Brackenbury, J. (1997) Caterpillars kinematics. Nature, 390, 453." type="journal article" year="1997">Brackenbury 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FCFCF98585581BC3" author="Brackenbury" box="[770,827,1643,1667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Brackenbury, J. (1999) Fast locomotion in caterpillars. Journal of Insect Physiology, 45, 525 - 533. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0022 - 1910 (98) 00157 - 7" type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as a mantis shrimp (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FB7AF98483511BC3" author="Full" box="[1156,1330,1642,1667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="Full, R., Earls, K., Wong, M. & Caldwell, R. (1993) Locomotion like a wheel? Nature, 365, 495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / 365495 a 0" type="journal article" year="1993">Full et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) perform active backward somersault and subsequent wheeling. Gravity-driven rolling is known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FAEFF963872B1B88" authority="Sphaerotheriida" authorityName="Sphaerotheriida" class="Diplopoda" family="Glomeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Glomerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Glomeridae, Sphaerotheriida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pill millipedes, giant pill millipedes; Myriapoda) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FC53F941823D1B88" box="[941,1118,1711,1736]" class="Malacostraca" family="Armadillidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Armadillidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pill bugs; Crustacea). In all cases it is reported that speed is increased when the particular behaviour is applied. In two examples it seems to be an evolutionary response to parasitic wasps that hunt the tiger beetle larvae or the golden wheel spider, in others it is when animals are provoked, disturbed or threatened. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FCDAF8F685A81A70" box="[804,971,1815,1840]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rechenbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FCDAF8F685A81A70" box="[804,971,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. rechenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FC2CF8F982261A70" bold="true" box="[978,1093,1815,1840]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2345790FFB53964FC2CF8F982261A70" box="[978,1093,1815,1840]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the natural triggering factor is yet unknown. In contrast to the wheeling behaviour in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FCF5F8D482431A13" box="[779,1056,1850,1875]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Carparachne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureoflava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FCF5F8D482431A13" box="[779,1056,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">Carparachne aureoflava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is an active energy-consuming movement, which can lead to the death of the individual when performed some times in succession (Rechenberg, personal communication). The unique flic-flac behaviour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7AFFB53964FCABF86E859D1AD8" box="[853,1022,1919,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Cebrennus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rechenbergi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FCABF86E859D1AD8" box="[853,1022,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">C. rechenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAEBFFB53964FBF7F891821C1AD8" bold="true" box="[1033,1151,1919,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2345790FFB53964FBF7F891821C1AD8" box="[1033,1151,1919,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inspired
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B08FFB53964FB10F891831F1AD8" author="King" box="[1262,1404,1919,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="341" refString="King, R. S. (2013) BiLBIQ: a biologically inspired robot with walking and rolling locomotion. Biosystems and Biorobotics. Vol. 2. Springer, Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 83 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 34682 - 8" type="book" year="2013">King (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to investigate this form of locomotion structurally and to invent a robot with similar motional elements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |