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<document id="F41362AADB9E4FB75E2651E2FBB2C30E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca05a7e3-7a45-4200-9021-542bd7e2d687" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249193" ID-ZooBank="1480445C-0FC7-462B-919F-D35C645A2B90" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460633683118" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James Hammond, H. E. &amp; Williams, Daryl J." docDate="2013" docId="03DA87E8FFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0BF5FFC5F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03670p136.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3670 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Semanotus ligneus Fabricius 1787" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FFE3FF90FFEAFFC2F55A8F57BB51FFA6" masterDocTitle="Caseys conundrum, a review of the genus Semanotus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Callidiini) in North America" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1698334903091" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2C01A82A534A48D1D02DE82F9D92F4D1">Caseys conundrum, a review of the genus Semanotus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Callidiini) in North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD87D96D692BC16A3AB939CE1AA7F2F4">James Hammond, H. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="814C302FC0F236EB2698A7CAC5EFCC65">Williams, Daryl J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="488DF571F432A386FC9F5917C0BCC127">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="349C6283DECB3933BA682EC40E8A2477">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DA87E8FFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0BF5FFC5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629643" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119570097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629643" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87E8FFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0BF5FFC5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E8FFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0BF5FFC5F" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C3696575FFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0B949FF74" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0B907FF17" blockId="20.[151,598,151,210]" box="[151,598,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="D0848192FFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0B907FF17" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0B907FF17" ID-CoL="4WFBD" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,598,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Semanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0B907FF17" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8FC0BA2DFF17" bold="true" box="[151,380,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Semanotus ligneus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B0FFFFEFFD6F4D18FC0B91FFF17" author="Fabricius" box="[395,590,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Hafniae, 1, 348 pp." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F5CD8FEDB949FF74" blockId="20.[151,598,151,210]" box="[151,536,186,210]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
(
<figureCitation id="13482A7BFFFEFFD6F5C58FEDBBB6FF74" box="[159,231,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[186,1407,214,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[154,1433,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Pronotum of female S. amethystinus, B. Pronotum of female S. ligneus, C. Mandibles and labrum of female S. litigiosus, D. Mandibles and labrum of female S. ligneus, E. Elytral pubescence of female S. litigiosus, F. Elytral pubescence of female S. a. amplus, G. Pro- and mesotibia of female S. litigiosus, H. Pro- and mesotibia of female S. terminatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249197/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Figs 4</figureCitation>
B,D, 5F, 12A, 16C; Map 5)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696575FFFEFFD6F5CD8E55B939FED2" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F5CD8E55B97AFEBE" blockId="20.[151,742,258,373]" box="[151,555,258,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311D0FFFEFFD6F5CD8E55B97AFEBE" box="[151,555,258,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F5CD8E55B97AFEBE" ID-CoL="PPKK" authority="Fabricius, 1787: 153" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="153" authorityYear="1787" box="[151,555,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Callidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneum">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8E55BA05FEBE" box="[151,340,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Callidium ligneum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210EFFFFEFFD6F4008E55B97AFEBE" author="Fabricius" box="[346,555,258,280]" page="153" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1787">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B0FFFFEFFD6F4008E55BAAAFEBE" author="Fabricius" box="[346,507,258,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Hafniae, 1, 348 pp." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
: 153
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F5CD8E76B953FEF3" blockId="20.[151,742,258,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311D0FFFEFFD6F5CD8E76B953FEF3" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F5CD8E76B965FE91" ID-CoL="PP55" authority="Stephens, 1831: 248" authorityName="Stephens" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,564,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Callidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="russicum">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8E76BA0FFE91" box="[151,350,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Callidium russicum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210EFFFFEFFD6F43E8E76B965FE91" author="Stephens" box="[356,564,289,311]" page="248" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1831">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B0FFFFEFFD6F43E8E76B953FE91" author="Stephens" box="[356,514,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Stephens, J. F. (1831) Illustrations of British Entomology; or, A synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions. V. 8 (Mandibulata 4), 1 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1831">Stephens, 1831</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, plate XXII fig. 2
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F5CD8E17B953FEF3" ID-CoL="PPN4" authority="White, 1855: 321" authorityName="White" authorityPageNumber="321" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,514,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Callidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicolas">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8E17BA1AFEF0" box="[151,331,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Callidium nicolas</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210EFFFFEFFD6F4088E17B953FEF3" author="White" box="[338,514,320,342]" page="321" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1855">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B0FFFFEFFD6F4088E17BA83FEF0" author="White" box="[338,466,320,342]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="White, A. 1855. Catalogue of the coleopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Longicornia, 2, 8, 175 - 412." type="journal article" year="1855">White, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 321
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F5CD8E08B939FED2" blockId="20.[151,742,258,373]" box="[151,616,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311D0FFFEFFD6F5CD8E08B939FED2" box="[151,616,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F5CD8E08B939FED2" ID-CoL="5FMLS" authority="Casey, 1912: 272" authorityName="Casey" authorityPageNumber="272" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,616,351,373]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Anocomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lignea" subSpecies="parvicollis">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8E08BAE3FED3" box="[151,434,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Anocomis lignea parvicollis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210EFFFFEFFD6F4E38E08B939FED2" author="Casey" box="[441,616,351,372]" page="272" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B0FFFFEFFD6F4E38E08B969FED2" author="Casey" box="[441,568,351,372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Casey, T. L. (1912) Studies in the Longicornia of North America. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 3, 215 - 376." type="journal article" year="1912">Casey, 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 272
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696575FFFEFFD6F5CD8EF7B891FE7B" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F5CD8EF7B8CCFE1F" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" box="[151,925,416,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F5CD8EF7BAD1FE1F" bold="true" box="[151,384,416,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D75FD77FFFEFFD6F4DD8EF6BAADFE1F" box="[391,508,417,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="male">401 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D75FD77FFFEFFD6F75D8EF6B9C3FE1F" box="[519,658,417,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="female">380 females</specimenCount>
, 121 sex undetermined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F59D8E92B891FE7B" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" box="[199,960,453,477]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F59D8E92BA6AFE7B" bold="true" box="[199,315,453,477]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<typeStatus id="54C8885CFFFEFFD6F59D8E92BA67FE7B" box="[199,310,453,477]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male (
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3BFFFEFFD6F4D08E92BAB0FE7B" box="[394,481,453,477]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">ZMUC</collectionCode>
), examined; labelled “//
<collectionCode id="ED62AE3BFFFEFFD6F7B18E92B86EFE7B" box="[747,831,453,477]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">ZMUC</collectionCode>
00022367”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696575FFFEFFD6F59D8EBFB88DFCE3" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F59D8EBFBEC7FD5B" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F59D8EBFBA10FDA7" bold="true" box="[199,321,488,513]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be separated from other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F6FF8EBDBF4FFDA7" box="[933,1054,490,513]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Semanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F6FF8EBDBF4FFDA7" box="[933,1054,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Semanotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: color dark brown to black; elytra pale yellow except for black maculation in the form of one pair of medium sized spots and apical 1/3 of elytra, rarely with spots enlarged basally to form an oblong tongue-like longitudinal band; mandible without median tooth; elytral punctation and pubescence distinct: pale setae restricted to pale areas where the punctation is larger and more widely separated, and dark setae restricted to dark areas where the punctation is smaller, and almost contiguous (in the rare case when the basal area of the elytra is dark, the pubescence remains pale), pubescence semi-erect to decumbent; elytra with erect setae along suture usually only in basal ½; ventral pubescence white to grey, semi-erect to decumbent, fine, sparse, surface of ventrites not obscured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F59D8C5DBF15FC87" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" box="[199,1092,777,802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F59D8C5DBA40FC84" bold="true" box="[199,273,778,802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F4428C5EBAB6FC87" box="[280,487,777,801]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F4428C5EBAB6FC87" box="[280,487,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Thuja occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (eastern white cedar),
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F65C8C5DB82BFC87" box="[774,890,778,801]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F65C8C5DB82BFC87" box="[774,890,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Cupressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F6F58C5DBF4CFC87" box="[943,1053,778,801]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F6F58C5DBF4CFC87" box="[943,1053,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F59D8C7AB88DFCE3" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" box="[199,988,813,838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F59D8C7AB99AFCE3" bold="true" box="[199,715,813,838]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Flower and Associated Vegetation Records.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F7888C79B843FCE3" box="[722,786,814,837]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F7888C79B843FCE3" box="[722,786,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F61C8C79B8E5FCE3" box="[838,948,814,837]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F61C8C79B8E5FCE3" box="[838,948,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696575FFFEFFD6F59D8C06BF6CFCCF" box="[199,1085,849,874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F59D8C06BF6CFCCF" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" box="[199,1085,849,874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F59D8C06BA31FCCC" bold="true" box="[199,352,849,874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</emphasis>
Eastern
<collectingCountry id="F364766EFFFEFFD6F4988C06B947FCCF" box="[450,534,849,873]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Canada</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F364766EFFFEFFD6F7168C06B9D6FCCF" box="[588,647,849,873]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">USA</collectingCountry>
, south to Oklahoma and eastern Texas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3696575FFFEFFD6F59D8C22BF5FFC5F" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC36FEFFFEFFD6F59D8C22BF5FFC5F" blockId="20.[151,1437,416,1017]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F59D8C22BA6AFC2B" bold="true" box="[199,315,885,909]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Remarks.</emphasis>
The current definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F7068C21B998FC2B" box="[604,713,885,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Semanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F7068C21B998FC2B" box="[604,713,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">S. ligneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as treated here is much more limited than the species concept of previous authors, as a number of subspecies have been removed from synonymy and have been given species status. The
<typeStatus id="54C8885CFFFEFFD6F4408CEABA2DFC73" box="[282,380,957,981]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F4F98CEAB9B1FC73" box="[419,736,957,981]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Anocomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lignea" subSpecies="parvicollis">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F4F98CEAB9B1FC73" box="[419,736,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Anocomis lignea parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a smaller specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F15E8CE9BF23FC73" box="[1028,1138,957,981]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Semanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F15E8CE9BF23FC73" box="[1028,1138,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">S. ligneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it has yellow setae in the pale areas of the elytra and the elytra pale yellow which is typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D7DFFFEFFD6F6C08CB5BF56FC5F" box="[922,1031,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Semanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneus">
<emphasis id="B907EAECFFFEFFD6F6C08CB5BF56FC5F" box="[922,1031,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">S. ligneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>