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<mods:title id="F46B338270F3185B85C471BA57A06F97">Tazarcus, a new phylogenetically unplaced genus of two flightless weevils with metapleural ridge from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D0F17FAEFED9CE57" authority="Grebennikov, 2020" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,259,1021,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tazarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D0F17FAEFED9CE57" bold="true" box="[151,259,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Tazarcus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36B71D319D66D0F17836FD0ACE3E" blockId="4.[151,720,1125,1150]" box="[151,720,1125,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D0F17836FEF9CE3E" bold="true" box="[151,291,1125,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
<typeStatus id="54C888151D319D66D0F17836FF16CE3D" box="[151,204,1125,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D14C7835FE1CCE3D" authority="Grebennikov, 2020" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2020" box="[298,454,1126,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tazarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeaea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D14C7835FE1CCE3D" box="[298,454,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Tazarcus aeaea</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23457DE1D319D66D1AB7836FDC7CE3D" box="[461,541,1125,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, here designated.
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<subSubSection id="C369653C1D319D66D0F178F8FA4BCD32" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC36B71D319D66D0F178F8FEEACC6E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1195,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D0F178F8FEC8CE86" bold="true" box="[151,274,1195,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Known representatives of the new genus can be recognized among weevils by the unique combination of the following easily observed characters: body small (combined dorsal length of pronotum and elytra 2.0
<quantity id="4C8B9B521D319D66D5507883FA55CEAA" box="[1334,1423,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
); ratio of combined pronotal and elytral length in dorsal view to the maximal body width 1.6 x or less; elytra laterally rounded, without shoulders; rostrum relatively short and straight; eyes present, small and flat; antennal funicle with seven segments; anterior margin of prothorax laterally without postocular lobes; prosternum with canal laterally delimited by ridges tapering anteriad and linking anterior edge of prosternum with anterior edge of procoxae (thus canal only present in front of procoxae, not behind); procoxae separate; metanepisternal sutures absent, their place occupied by longitudinally oriented metapleural ridge bearing on its crest a line of short and robust small setae (sclerolepidia?); femora without teeth-like projections; tarsal claws small, separate and not appendiculate; elytra with nine longitudinal punctate striae; legs and rostrum dorsally covered with dense matt whitish pilosity; hind wings absent.
</paragraph>
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Adults of the new genus (particularly those of the
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species) habitually resemble comparably rounded, flightless and globular members of the distantly related (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B461D319D66D3447A0FFBC3CC36" author="McKenna, D. D. &amp; Sequeira, A. S. &amp; Marvaldi, A. E. &amp; Farrell, B. D." box="[802,1049,1628,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" pagination="7083 - 7088" refId="ref8607" refString="McKenna, D. D., Sequeira, A. S., Marvaldi, A. E. &amp; Farrell, B. D. (2009) Temporal lags and overlap in the diversification of weevils and flowering plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 7083 - 7088. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810618106" type="journal article" year="2009">
McKenna
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D3FD7A0FFC15CC36" box="[923,975,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) genus
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D4127A0FFA46CC36" authority="Schonherr, 1825" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityYear="1825" box="[1140,1436,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Brachyceridae" genus="Ocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D4127A0FFB03CC36" box="[1140,1241,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Ocladius</emphasis>
Schönherr, 1825
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B461D319D66D0F97AD3FE34CCDA" author="Meregalli, M. &amp; Colonnelli, E." box="[159,494,1663,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" pagination="251 - 306" refId="ref8677" refString="Meregalli, M. &amp; Colonnelli, E. (2006) The genus Ocladius Schonherr, 1825 (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Curculionidae) in the Arabian subregion, with description of six new species. Fauna of Arabia, 21, 251 - 306." type="journal article" year="2006">Meregalli &amp; Colonnelli 2006</bibRefCitation>
). At least three
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D2F87AD3FCD9CCDA" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityYear="1825" box="[670,771,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Brachyceridae" genus="Ocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D2F87AD3FCD9CCDA" box="[670,771,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Ocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have been reported from the highlands of northern
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B461D319D66D16C7AF7FE12CCFE" author="Aurivillius, C." box="[266,456,1700,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" pagination="403 - 435" refId="ref6476" refString="Aurivillius, C. (1910) 7. Coleoptera. 21 Curculionidae. In: Sjostedt, Y. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906, unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjostedt. Volume 1, Abteilung 1 - 7. P. Palmquists Aktiebolag, Stockholm, pp. 403 - 435." type="book chapter" year="1910">Aurivillius 1910</bibRefCitation>
), one of them (
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D2177AF7FCACCCFE" authority="Faust, 1896" authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" box="[625,886,1699,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Brachyceridae" genus="Ocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seriatus">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D2177AF7FD36CCFD" box="[625,748,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">O. seriatus</emphasis>
Faust, 1896
</taxonomicName>
) from “Usambara”. Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D4AF7AF7FAF6CCFD" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2020" box="[1225,1324,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tazarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D4AF7AF7FAF6CCFD" box="[1225,1324,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Tazarcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are externally distinguishable from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D2407A9BFD51CCA2" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityYear="1825" box="[550,651,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Brachyceridae" genus="Ocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D2407A9BFD51CCA2" box="[550,651,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Ocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the straight, shorter and thicker rostrum lacking longitudinal keels and furrows.Adults of all other genera of flightless East African
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D3337ABFFC1CCD46" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1823" box="[853,966,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Molytinae">Molytinae</taxonomicName>
have a more slender body (a ratio of dorsal combined length of pronotum and elytra to the maximal body width of&gt; 1.6x). Four additional diagnostic characters aid in the identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D341D319D66D1AE7B67FDF3CD0D" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2020" box="[456,553,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tazarcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D1AE7B67FDF3CD0D" box="[456,553,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Tazarcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (1.) small body size, combined length of pronotum and elytra in dorsal view 2.0
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; (2.) a short and straight rostrum; (3.) small flat eyes; and (4.) a short prosternal canal, tapering anteriad.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36B71D319D66D0A17B28FE5DCD9E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1195,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D319D66D0A17B28FD58CDD6" bold="true" box="[199,642,1915,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Species composition and distribution.</emphasis>
This genus consists of two herein described allopatric species restricted to the EAM Chain in
<collectingCountry id="F36476271D319D66D1EF7BF3FE2BCDFA" box="[393,497,1952,1978]" name="Tanzania" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
. The two species can be easily separated by the form of the elytral punctation (
<figureCitation id="13482A321D319D66D5027BF3FF00CD9E" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1414,1439]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,774,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,774,1386]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of the genus Tazarcus gen. nov. detected in three (among 14, indicated by circles) sampled Tanzanian forests. Map designed using online SimpleMappr tool (Shorthouse 2010)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765551/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Figs. 1A, B</figureCitation>
vs
<figureCitation id="13482A321D319D66D1677B97FEA0CD9E" box="[257,378,1988,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,857,882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,831]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,309,831]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Other Molytinae weevils with metapleural ridge (ridges are magnified on the images below)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765553/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="425">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C369653C1D309D67D0A17CCBFEABCABB" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCC36B71D309D67D0A17CCBFEABCABB" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D309D67D0A17CCBFEFDCAF3" bold="true" box="[199,295,152,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Biology.</emphasis>
Adult specimens of the new genus were found by sifting forest floor litter in wet Afromontane forests at elevations between
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and
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. Host plants, immature life stages, parasites or any other biological aspects are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C369653C1D309D67D0A17D56FDA0CB03" pageId="5" pageNumber="426" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCC36B71D309D67D0A17D56FDA0CB03" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B907EAA51D309D67D0A17D56FE94CB5F" bold="true" box="[199,334,261,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="426">Etymology.</emphasis>
Toponymic, formed by abbreviating “Tanzanian Arc”, with reference to the EAM occurring predominantly in
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; gender masculine.
</paragraph>
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