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<document id="EF1EAD010DD673F194A2CC11B827FD6C" ID-CLB-Dataset="32130" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7db5cdc-51c3-4c2d-be5d-a8c11f59c09a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="892295" ID-ZooBank="1Ecf4C4A-09Ca-42B4-A105-67Dec7863Fe5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505197532531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilson, Joseph S." docDate="2017" docId="ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4319.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4319 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma arota" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="352" masterDocId="114B155CFFABFFCAFFC8FFA3FFE83C49" masterDocTitle="Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="367" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="351" updateTime="1698468326392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1A26F8F28F00174646ACB1179C68C0E3">Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D3ADE4A2B55BD9F96181BCC891CA7F9">Wilson, Joseph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EFD9663137E547DC17152DFE0A64F84F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1270A7FF49B95B46CE358EE792217075">4319</mods:number>
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<treatment id="ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134031408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFBDFFDCFF5FFA1CFCD53993" box="[151,829,1471,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FFA1CFCD53993" blockId="22.[151,829,1471,1498]" box="[151,829,1471,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<heading id="3E2C6B5EFFBDFFDCFF5FFA1CFCD53993" bold="true" box="[151,829,1471,1498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" reason="1">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FFA1CFCD53993" bold="true" box="[151,829,1471,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FFA1CFE4D3990" box="[151,421,1471,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arota">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FFA1CFE4D3990" bold="true" box="[151,421,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Sphaeropthalma arota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-complex (
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFD4CFA63FCDD3993" author="Cresson" box="[644,821,1472,1498]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1875) Descriptions of new species of Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 5, 119 - 120." type="journal article" year="1875">Cresson, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFBDFFDCFF5FF9A5FD603B06" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FF9A5FAE83A55" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1871]" box="[151,1280,1542,1564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FF9A5FE533A55" authority="Arota Cresson, 1875" authorityName="Arota Cresson" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,443,1542,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF9A5FEC93A55" box="[151,289,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Mutilla Arota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFEEFF9A5FE533A55" author="Cresson" box="[295,443,1542,1564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1875) Descriptions of new species of Mutilla. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 5, 119 - 120." type="journal article" year="1875">Cresson, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 5: 120. ♀. Holotype data: California, San Diego (UMSP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FF986FEF93A13" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FF986FE5A3A72" authority="Fox, 1899" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,434,1573,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicaon">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF986FED73A72" box="[151,319,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Mutilla helicaon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFE8FF985FE5A3A72" author="Fox" box="[327,434,1573,1595]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Fox, W. J. (1899) The North America Mutillidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 25, 219 - 292." type="journal article" year="1899">Fox, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 25: 254. ♂. Holotype data: Nevada (UMSP). Synonymized by Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFAA0F985FA743A72" box="[1384,1436,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
(2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FF9C1FD2F3ADE" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBDFFDCFF5FF9C1FD2F3ADE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341932" collectionCode="UMSP" collectorName="La Jolla &amp; Synonymized &amp; Pitts" county="San Diego County" location="San Diego County" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FF9C1FDE93A31" authority="Viereck, 1902" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,513,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingulatus">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF9C1FE8F3A31" box="[151,359,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Photopsis lingulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFEA7F9C1FDE93A31" author="Viereck" box="[367,513,1634,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Viereck, H. L. (1902) Hymenoptera from Southern California and New Mexico, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 54, 737 - 743." type="journal article" year="1902">Viereck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Proc. 54: 737.
<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFFBDFFDCFC4CF9C0FC713A31" box="[900,921,1635,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBDFFDCFC6DF9C1FBEB3A31" box="[933,1027,1634,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBDFFDCFB8BF9C1FB443A31" box="[1091,1196,1634,1656]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFFBDFFDCFB7FF9C1FA9D3A31" box="[1207,1397,1634,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">San Diego County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFBDFFDCFA49F9C0FF1F3ADE" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">La Jolla</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFBDFFDCFECCF922FEA73ADE" box="[260,335,1665,1687]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3avb-bd3e" name="University of Minnesota Insect Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">UMSP</collectionCode>
).
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFBDFFDCFE97F922FE023ADE" box="[351,490,1665,1687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Synonymized</collectorName>
by
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFBDFFDCFDD9F922FDD63ADE" box="[529,574,1665,1687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Pitts</collectorName>
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFD8CF921FD9F3ADE" box="[580,631,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
(2009).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FF903FD723A9D" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FF903FD243AFF" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,716,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata" subGenus="Photopsis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF903FED53AFF" box="[151,317,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFE9AF903FE5E3AFF" box="[338,438,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Photopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFE03F902FDC93AFF" box="[459,545,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">carinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFDE5F903FD243AFF" author="Schuster" box="[557,716,1696,1718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 34. ♂. Holotype data: Baja California, Purissima (NMNH). Synonymized by Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFDDEF963FDA13A9D" box="[534,585,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
(2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FF97EFE953B5B" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FF97EFCC03ABA" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,808,1757,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subGenus="Photopsis" subSpecies="coahuilae">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF97EFED53ABA" box="[151,317,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFE86F97EFE5A3ABA" box="[334,434,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Photopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFE0AF97EFD6D3ABA" box="[450,645,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">helicaon coahuilae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFD45F97EFCC03ABA" author="Schuster" box="[653,808,1757,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 34. ♂. Holotype data: lost. Synonymized by Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF32F95EFEC53B5B" box="[250,301,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
(2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDCFF5FF8B9FD603B06" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBDFFDCFF5FF8B9FCC53B79" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,813,1818,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subGenus="Photopsis" subSpecies="diegueno">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF8B9FED53B79" box="[151,317,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFE98F8B9FE5C3B79" box="[336,436,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Photopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFE0FF8B9FD6E3B79" box="[455,646,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">helicaon diegueno</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBDFFDCFD59F8B9FCC53B79" author="Schuster" box="[657,813,1818,1840]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 35. ♂. Holotype data: Arizona, S. Carlos (CUIC). Synonymized by Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFDCDF899FDD03B06" box="[517,568,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
(2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFBDFFDDFF5FF8DFFDB23DE4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="22" pageNumber="351" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBDFFDDFF5FF8DFFF3A3C9D" blockId="22.[151,1436,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFF5FF8DFFE923BDC" bold="true" box="[151,378,1916,1941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
This species has a weak excision and slight angulate tooth on the ventral margin of the mandible (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBDFFDCFEBEF802FE583BF1" box="[374,432,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
2009: Fig. 102), the apex of the mandible is oblique, the clypeus being carinate at base, but sometimes delicately so or gibbous, the lack of mesosternal processes or a sternal felt line, and the ventral margin of the paramere having dense setae that are directed inward toward the cuspis (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFB2CFF3AFAF63CF9" box="[1252,1310,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2009: Fig. 100).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBCFFDDFF0FFF7CFDB23DE4" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFF0FFF7CFE5D3CB1" bold="true" box="[199,437,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Diagnosis of female.</emphasis>
The female of this species has the following combination of characters: the mandible has only a weak angulate basal tooth on the ventral margin and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina (see
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBCFFDDFED7FE84FDE33D09" author="Boehme" box="[287,523,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" refString="Boehme, N. F., Tanner, D. A., Williams, K. A. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Faunal study of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa, 3587, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2012">
Boehme
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFE40FE8AFE2C3D09" box="[392,452,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 40, Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFD76FE8AFD133D09" box="[702,763,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2009: Fig. 40), the mesosoma and second tergum of the metasoma is covered in brachyplumose orange setae surrounded by white setae along the margins (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFAABFEEEFA743D2D" box="[1379,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2009: Figs 97, 98), the dorsum lacks dense appressed setae obscuring the integumental sculpture, the metasoma is petiolate, and the pygidium is granulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFBCFFDDFF0FFE14FEDD3EE1" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBCFFDDFF0FFE14FEDD3EE1" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBCFFDDFF0FFE14FCF73D99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341921" box="[199,799,439,464]" location="Material" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFF0FFE14FE503D99" bold="true" box="[199,440,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<location id="60048AE9FFBCFFDDFF0FFE14FEC73D99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5:60048AE9FFBCFFDDFF0FFE14FEC73D99" box="[199,303,439,464]" name="Material" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFE0EFE1BFD8E3D86" authority="Arota" authorityName="Arota Cresson" authorityYear="1875" box="[454,614,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFE0EFE1BFD8E3D86" box="[454,614,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Mutilla Arota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFDBCFE14FD343D99" box="[628,732,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBCFFDDFCF8FE14FD993DBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341925" collectionCode="UMSP" collectorName="San Diego, G. R" location="Type" municipality="Crotch" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFCF8FE14FC4D3D99" box="[816,933,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFBCFFDDFC70FE1BFB913D99" box="[952,1145,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">San Diego, G.R</collectorName>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="85004648FFBCFFDDFB42FE14FB313D99" box="[1162,1241,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Crotch</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="60048AE9FFBCFFDDFB24FE1BFACC3D99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5:60048AE9FFBCFFDDFB24FE1BFACC3D99" box="[1260,1316,440,464]" municipality="Crotch" name="Type" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" stateProvince="California">
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFB24FE1BFACC3D99" box="[1260,1316,440,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Type</typeStatus>
</location>
no. 1873 (
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFBCFFDDFF57FE7FFF1A3DBD" box="[159,242,476,500]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3avb-bd3e" name="University of Minnesota Insect Collection" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">UMSP</collectionCode>
).
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFECEFE7FFE2A3DBD" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1899" box="[262,450,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicaon">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFECEFE7FFE2A3DBD" box="[262,450,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Mutilla helicaon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFE04FE7FFDDC3DBC" box="[460,564,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBCFFDDFDB6FE7FFA703DBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341928" box="[638,1432,476,501]" collectionCode="UMSP" location="Type" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFDB6FE7FFD3E3DBC" box="[638,726,476,501]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Nevada</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="60048AE9FFBCFFDDFD2CFE7EFCF33DBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5:60048AE9FFBCFFDDFD2CFE7EFCF33DBC" box="[740,795,477,501]" name="Type" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" stateProvince="Nevada">
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFD2CFE7EFCF33DBC" box="[740,795,477,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Type</typeStatus>
</location>
no. 4642 (
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFBCFFDDFC53FE7FFC053DBD" box="[923,1005,476,500]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3avb-bd3e" name="University of Minnesota Insect Collection" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">UMSP</collectionCode>
).
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFBCAFE7FFB023DBD" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1902" box="[1026,1258,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingulatus">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFBCAFE7FFB023DBD" box="[1026,1258,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Photopsis lingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFB3CFE7FFAB43DBC" box="[1268,1372,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBCFFDDFF5FFE5CFAB03E51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341935" box="[151,1368,511,536]" collectionCode="UMSP" collectorName="La Jolla" county="San Diego County" location="San Diego County" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFF5FFE5CFEE43E51" box="[151,268,511,536]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFFBCFFDDFED5FDA3FE133E51" box="[285,507,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">San Diego County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFBCFFDDFDC4FDA3FD843E51" box="[524,620,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">La Jolla</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFBCFFDDFD4AFDA3FD3C3E51" box="[642,724,512,536]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3avb-bd3e" name="University of Minnesota Insect Collection" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">UMSP</collectionCode>
).
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFD25FDA3FB493E5E" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[749,1185,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata" subGenus="Photopsis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFD25FDA3FC4D3E51" box="[749,933,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFC74FDA3FBC23E51" box="[956,1066,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Photopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFB8AFDA3FB493E5E" box="[1090,1185,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFB66FE5CFAFE3E51" box="[1198,1302,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBCFFDDFAA1FE5CFAEB3E74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341924" collectionCode="NMNH" location="Purissima" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFAA1FE5CFEE43E74" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
Baja
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFF5FFD87FEE43E74" box="[151,268,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">California</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="60048AE9FFBCFFDDFED6FD87FE643E74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5:60048AE9FFBCFFDDFED6FD87FE643E74" box="[286,396,548,573]" name="Purissima" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" stateProvince="Baja California">Purissima</location>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFBCFFDDFE6BFD87FE173E75" box="[419,511,548,572]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">NMNH</collectionCode>
).
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFDD1FD87FBAC3E75" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[537,1092,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subGenus="Photopsis" subSpecies="diegueno">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFDD1FD87FD393E75" box="[537,721,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFD20FD87FCBE3E75" box="[744,854,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Photopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFCA7FD87FBAC3E75" box="[879,1092,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">helicaon diegueno</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFBCFFDDFB92FD87FB2A3E74" box="[1114,1218,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFBCFFDDFADDFD87FD0E3E29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341938" collectingDate="1918-05-12" collectingDateMax="1918-05-13" collectingDateMin="1918-05-12" collectionCode="CUIC" collectorName="J. Ch. Bradley" location="Carlos" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFADDFD87FA9A3E74" box="[1301,1394,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, S.
<location id="60048AE9FFBCFFDDFF5FFDE4FF0B3E29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5:60048AE9FFBCFFDDFF5FFDE4FF0B3E29" box="[151,227,583,608]" name="Carlos" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" stateProvince="Arizona">Carlos</location>
,
<collectingDate id="0121031AFFBCFFDDFF3CFDEBFE2A3E29" box="[244,450,584,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" value="1918-05-12" valueMax="1918-05-13" valueMin="1918-05-12">
<date id="1165FAF2FFBCFFDDFF3CFDEBFE2A3E29" box="[244,450,584,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" value="1918-05-12" valueMax="1918-05-13" valueMin="1918-05-12">12–13 May 1918</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFBCFFDDFE1CFDEBFD973E29" box="[468,639,583,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">J. Ch. Bradley</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFBCFFDDFD5DFDEBFD363E29" box="[661,734,584,608]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">CUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. JTNP:
<date id="1165FAF2FFBCFFDDFC83FDE4FC143E29" box="[843,1020,583,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" value="2012-07-18" valueMax="2012-07-21" valueMin="2012-07-18">18–21.Jul.2012</date>
: 1 ♂ N7; 1 ♂ N1; 2 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FFBCFFDDFABAFDE4FEC53ECD" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" value="2012-08-26" valueMax="2012-08-28" valueMin="2012-08-26">26– 28.Aug.2012</date>
: 5 ♂ T; 3 ♂ S1; 3 ♂ S3; 1 ♂ S5; 2 ♂ S13; 4 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FFBCFFDDFC41FDCFFBAC3ECD" box="[905,1092,620,644]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" value="2012-09-22" valueMax="2012-09-24" valueMin="2012-09-22">22–24.Sep.2012</date>
: 3 ♂ S1; 1 ♂ S5; 1 ♂ S7; 1 ♂ S13; 2 ♂ S18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFBCFFDDFF0FFD17FC143F5D" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBCFFDDFF0FFD17FCA93EB9" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFF0FFD17FE883E84" bold="true" box="[199,352,692,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFBCFFDDFEA4FD17FE4C3E85" box="[364,420,692,716]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFE7FFD17FDFE3E84" box="[439,534,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFDEEFD17FD723E84" box="[550,666,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFD62FD17FCFD3E84" box="[682,789,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Colorado</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFCEDFD17FC953E84" box="[805,893,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Nevada</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFC45FD16FBCE3E84" box="[909,1062,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
New
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFC06FD17FBCE3E84" box="[974,1062,692,717]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFBCFFDDFC06FD17FBCE3E84" box="[974,1062,692,717]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFBFEFD16FB923E85" box="[1078,1146,693,716]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Texas</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFB76FD17FB1E3E84" box="[1214,1270,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Utah</collectingRegion>
) and northern
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFF5FFD74FF043EB9" box="[151,236,727,752]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFBCFFDDFF5FFD74FF043EB9" box="[151,236,727,752]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFF33FD74FE433EB9" box="[251,427,727,752]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
Baja
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFEFFFD74FE433EB9" box="[311,427,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">California</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFE7EFD74FDDA3EB9" box="[438,562,727,752]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFDF6FD74FD4E3EB9" box="[574,678,727,752]" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFBCFFDDFD28FD7BFCDC3EB9" box="[736,820,728,752]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Sonora</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBCFFDDFF0FFD5FFC143F5D" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1020,764,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFF0FFD5FFEC33F5C" bold="true" box="[199,299,764,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Activity.</emphasis>
This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFBCFFDDFF0FFCBCFC863FA5" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFBCFFDDFF0FFCBCFC863FA5" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFF0FFCBCFED33F71" bold="true" box="[199,315,799,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBCFFDDFE8AFCBCFDCC3F71" box="[322,548,799,824]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" refString="Wilson, J. S. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Identifying Nearctic cold-desert refugia through the phylogeographic analysis of Sphaeropthalma difficilis (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Diversity and Distributions, 18, 1139 - 1152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2012.00902. x" type="journal article">
Wilson
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFE51FC82FE3A3F71" box="[409,466,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
performed a phylogenetic analysis of this species. The study concluded that
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFA4FFC83FF3B3F15" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arota">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFA4FFC83FF3B3F15" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">S. arota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of four genetically distinct species that cannot be distinguished morphologically based on current methods and suggested that the members of this group be identified as the
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFBBAFCCBFB273FC9" box="[1138,1231,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arota">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFBBAFCCBFB273FC9" box="[1138,1231,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">S. arota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-complex. Currently it is placed in the
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFBCFFDDFE1AFC2FFDC23FED" box="[466,554,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arota">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFE1AFC2FFDC23FED" box="[466,554,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">S. arota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBCFFDDFD14FC2FFC283FEC" author="Pitts" box="[732,960,908,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" refString="Pitts, J. P. &amp; Sadler, E. A. (2015) Description of a new species and species-group of Sphaeropthalma Blake (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with an updated classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (2), 282 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Pitts &amp; Sadler 2015</bibRefCitation>
). From this study, it is likely that only one of the species occurs at JTNP. This complex of species can be locally abundant (
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFBCFFDDFBD6FC0CFB9B3F81" box="[1054,1139,943,968]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,727,750]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance by species at JTNP and Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge (AMWR)." pageId="23" pageNumber="352">Table 2</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFBCFFDDFB50FC13FB403F81" box="[1176,1192,944,968]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="35.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of various sites from faunal studies: Ferguson (1967), Allred (1973), Pitts et al. (2009, 2010 a) and Boehme et al. (2012). Algodones = Algodones Sand Dunes (Sonoran Desert), Deep Canyon = Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center (Sonoran Desert), JTNP = Joshua Tree National Park (Sonoran and Mojave deserts), AMNWR = Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (Mojave Desert) and NTS = the Nevada Test Site (Mojave Desert and Great Basin Desert).? = may be found in this location with further collecting." pageId="23" pageNumber="352">3</tableCitation>
; e.g. Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFAD5FC12FABD3F81" box="[1309,1365,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2009, 2010a;
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFBCFFDDFF22FC77FE543FA5" author="Wilson" box="[234,444,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="352" refString="Wilson, J. S. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Identifying Nearctic cold-desert refugia through the phylogeographic analysis of Sphaeropthalma difficilis (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Diversity and Distributions, 18, 1139 - 1152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2012.00902. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Wilson
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFE89FC76FE913FA5" box="[321,377,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), but is often rare (Wilson
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFBCFFDDFD2FFC76FCF73FA5" box="[743,799,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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