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<document id="9986A6100A15BB67A75EA0C77AF405DD" ID-CLB-Dataset="32130" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7db5cdc-51c3-4c2d-be5d-a8c11f59c09a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="892295" ID-ZooBank="1Ecf4C4A-09Ca-42B4-A105-67Dec7863Fe5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505197532531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilson, Joseph S." docDate="2017" docId="ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4319.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4319 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma parkeri Schuster 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="359" masterDocId="114B155CFFABFFCAFFC8FFA3FFE83C49" masterDocTitle="Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="367" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="359" updateTime="1698468326392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FCAF42AECE309F4EAD00231A4B3FE939">Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032675" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134031414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032675" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFD923F73" blockId="30.[151,634,799,826]" box="[151,634,799,826]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<heading id="3E2C6B5EFFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFD923F73" bold="true" box="[151,634,799,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFD923F73" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,634,799,826]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFD923F73" bold="true" box="[151,634,799,826]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFE563F70" bold="true" box="[151,446,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Sphaeropthalma parkeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB5FFD4FE0DFC83FD923F73" author="Schuster" box="[453,634,800,826]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB5FFD4FF5FFCC5FB563F35" box="[151,1214,870,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF5FFCC5FB563F35" blockId="30.[151,1214,870,892]" box="[151,1214,870,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB5FFD4FF5FFCC5FB563F35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341889" box="[151,1214,870,892]" collectionCode="UMSP" location="Ehrenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="45CBFB1CFFB5FFD4FF5FFCC5FB563F35" box="[151,1214,870,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB5FFD4FF5FFCC5FD263F35" authority="Schuster, 1958: 28" authorityName="Schuster" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,718,870,892]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parkeri" subGenus="Photopsis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF5FFCC5FED53F35" box="[151,317,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FE84FCC5FE583F35" box="[332,432,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Photopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FE76FCC5FDE13F35" box="[446,521,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">parkeri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="E47AFA23FFB5FFD4FDC7FCC5FD263F35" author="Schuster" box="[527,718,870,892]" page="28" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB5FFD4FDC7FCC5FD403F35" author="Schuster" box="[527,680,870,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFFB5FFD4FD10FCC4FD063F35" box="[728,750,871,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="male"></specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB5FFD4FD30FCC5FCBE3F35" box="[760,854,870,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB5FFD4FC5CFCC5FC003F35" box="[916,1000,870,892]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="60048AE9FFB5FFD4FC3AFCC5FBB33F35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907:60048AE9FFB5FFD4FC3AFCC5FBB33F35" box="[1010,1115,870,892]" name="Ehrenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" stateProvince="Arizona">Ehrenberg</location>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB5FFD4FBA0FCC5FB5B3F35" box="[1128,1203,870,892]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3avb-bd3e" name="University of Minnesota Insect Collection" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">UMSP</collectionCode>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB5FFD4FF5FFC0AFAF7381B" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF5FFC0AFAF7381B" blockId="30.[151,1437,937,1358]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF5FFC0AFE9A3F8B" bold="true" box="[151,370,937,962]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
This species can be recognized by having mandibles that are vertical and are strongly excised ventrally with a distinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (see
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB5FFD4FBE3FC6EFAE13FAF" author="Boehme" box="[1067,1289,973,998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" refString="Boehme, N. F., Tanner, D. A., Williams, K. A. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Faunal study of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa, 3587, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2012">
Boehme
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FB46FC6DFB2E3FAC" box="[1166,1222,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 20), the posterior margin of the head is rounded, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternum with a distinct tuft-like felt line, S2 with a anteromedial carinate tumid region, the pygidium is glabrous and the cuspis of the genitalia spatulate and lack plumose setae. Genitalia are illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB5FFD4FC06FB9AFB5F381B" author="Boehme" box="[974,1207,1081,1106]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" refString="Boehme, N. F., Tanner, D. A., Williams, K. A. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Faunal study of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa, 3587, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2012">
Boehme
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FBFAFB99FB823818" box="[1074,1130,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">et al.</emphasis>
(2012
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="FDE0C0B7FFB5FFD4FB09FB9AFAF9381B" box="[1217,1297,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 12" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1449,1471]" captionTargetBox="[269,1325,311,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[254,1332,301,1427]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 12. Photomorphus schoenwerthi, sp. nov., 9. habitus; 10. head, frontal view; 11. mesosternum; and 12. pygidium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892301/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB5FFD4FF0FFBFFFE4A383F" box="[199,418,1116,1142]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="description">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF0FFBFFFE4A383F" blockId="30.[151,1437,937,1358]" box="[199,418,1116,1142]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF0FFBFFFECD383C" bold="true" box="[199,293,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB5FFD4FF0FFB22FA8D38F7" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF0FFB22FA8D38F7" blockId="30.[151,1437,937,1358]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB5FFD4FF0FFB22FB3A38D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341888" box="[199,1234,1153,1178]" collectingDate="1939-04-27" collectionCode="UMSP" collectorName="F. H. Parker" location="Ehrenberg" municipality="Material" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF0FFB22FE5838D3" bold="true" box="[199,432,1153,1178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<collectingMunicipality id="85004648FFB5FFD4FF0FFB22FEC738D3" box="[199,303,1153,1178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB5FFD4FE7FFB22FDF738D3" box="[439,543,1153,1178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB5FFD4FDACFB22FD2938D3" box="[612,705,1153,1178]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="60048AE9FFB5FFD4FD04FB22FCAB38D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907:60048AE9FFB5FFD4FD04FB22FCAB38D3" box="[716,835,1153,1178]" municipality="Material" name="Ehrenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" stateProvince="Arizona">Ehrenberg</location>
,
<collectingDate id="0121031AFFB5FFD4FC86FB21FC3538D3" box="[846,989,1154,1178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" value="1939-04-27">
<date id="1165FAF2FFB5FFD4FC86FB21FC3538D3" box="[846,989,1154,1178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" value="1939-04-27">27.Apr.1939</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFB5FFD4FC20FB21FB8038D3" box="[1000,1128,1153,1178]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">F.H. Parker</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB5FFD4FBBFFB21FB2238D3" box="[1143,1226,1154,1178]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3avb-bd3e" name="University of Minnesota Insect Collection" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">UMSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB5FFD4FB14FB21FA8938F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341874" collectingDate="2012-05-25" collectionCode="EMUS" collectorName="F. &amp; T. Cambon" country="United States of America" county="San Bernardino County" location="Dale Mine" municipality="Joshua Tree National Park" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB5FFD4FB14FB21FAF038D3" box="[1244,1304,1154,1178]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB5FFD4FAEBFB22FA7138D3" box="[1315,1433,1153,1178]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">California</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFFB5FFD4FF5FFB05FE4C38F7" box="[151,420,1189,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">San Bernardino County</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="85004648FFB5FFD4FE66FB06FD3038F7" box="[430,728,1189,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Joshua Tree National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="60048AE9FFB5FFD4FD2BFB06FCB538F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907:60048AE9FFB5FFD4FD2BFB06FCB538F7" box="[739,861,1189,1214]" country="United States of America" county="San Bernardino County" municipality="Joshua Tree National Park" name="Dale Mine" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" stateProvince="California">Dale Mine</location>
,
<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFFB5FFD4FCA0FB05FC7C38F4" box="[872,916,1190,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingDate id="0121031AFFB5FFD4FC68FB06FBDF38F7" box="[928,1079,1189,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" value="2012-05-25">
<date id="1165FAF2FFB5FFD4FC68FB06FBDF38F7" box="[928,1079,1189,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" value="2012-05-25">25.May.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="C82EB9E4FFB5FFD4FB8AFB05FB1E38F7" box="[1090,1270,1189,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">F. &amp; T. Cambon</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB5FFD4FACDFB05FAB138F7" box="[1285,1369,1190,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">EMUS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB5FFD4FF0FFB6AFD01394C" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF0FFB6AFCC538AB" blockId="30.[151,1437,937,1358]" box="[199,813,1225,1250]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF0FFB6AFE8838AB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1225,1250]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB5FFD4FEAFFB69FE7738AB" box="[359,415,1226,1250]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB5FFD4FE66FB6AFDE538AB" box="[430,525,1225,1250]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB5FFD4FDDFFB6AFD6438AB" box="[535,652,1225,1250]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">California</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB5FFD4FD0EFB6AFCC938AB" box="[710,801,1225,1250]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Nevada</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF0FFB4EFD01394C" blockId="30.[151,1437,937,1358]" box="[199,745,1261,1286]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF0FFB4EFEC3394F" bold="true" box="[199,299,1261,1286]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Activity.</emphasis>
This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB5FFD4FF0FFAB2FB103907" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB5FFD4FF0FFAB2FB103907" blockId="30.[151,1437,937,1358]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FF0FFAB2FED33963" bold="true" box="[199,315,1297,1322]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB5FFD4FD6EFAB1FCE73960" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1899" box="[678,783,1298,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orestes">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB5FFD4FD6EFAB1FCE73960" box="[678,783,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="359">S. orestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB5FFD4FC08FAB2FB763963" author="Pitts" box="[960,1182,1297,1322]" pageId="30" pageNumber="359" refString="Pitts, J. P. &amp; Sadler, E. A. (2015) Description of a new species and species-group of Sphaeropthalma Blake (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with an updated classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (2), 282 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Pitts &amp; Sadler 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and has characteristic genitalia with the paramere spatulate with ventral setae. It is rare throughout its range (
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB5FFD4FBAAFA96FB5F3907" box="[1122,1207,1333,1358]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,727,750]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance by species at JTNP and Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge (AMWR)." pageId="30" pageNumber="359">Table 2</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB5FFD4FB12FA95FB023907" box="[1242,1258,1334,1358]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="35.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of various sites from faunal studies: Ferguson (1967), Allred (1973), Pitts et al. (2009, 2010 a) and Boehme et al. (2012). Algodones = Algodones Sand Dunes (Sonoran Desert), Deep Canyon = Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center (Sonoran Desert), JTNP = Joshua Tree National Park (Sonoran and Mojave deserts), AMNWR = Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (Mojave Desert) and NTS = the Nevada Test Site (Mojave Desert and Great Basin Desert).? = may be found in this location with further collecting." pageId="30" pageNumber="359">3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>