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<document id="4CC23D85038C5C494E5E197D087CBB36" ID-CLB-Dataset="32130" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7db5cdc-51c3-4c2d-be5d-a8c11f59c09a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="892295" ID-ZooBank="1Ecf4C4A-09Ca-42B4-A105-67Dec7863Fe5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505197532531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilson, Joseph S." docDate="2017" docId="ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4319.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4319 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma difficilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="354" masterDocId="114B155CFFABFFCAFFC8FFA3FFE83C49" masterDocTitle="Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="367" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1698468326392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EE2B9FBCDD97DA9CF990BF43CB969B29">Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032654" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134031417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB3FFD2FF5FFC54FD9F385B" box="[151,631,1015,1042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFC54FD9F385B" blockId="24.[151,631,1015,1042]" box="[151,631,1015,1042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<heading id="3E2C6B5EFFB3FFD2FF5FFC54FD9F385B" bold="true" box="[151,631,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFC54FD9F385B" authority="(Baker, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,631,1015,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFC54FD9F385B" bold="true" box="[151,631,1015,1042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFC54FE213858" bold="true" box="[151,457,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma difficilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FE10FC5BFD87385B" author="Baker" box="[472,623,1016,1042]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Baker, C. F. (1905) New Western Mutillidae, II. Invertebrata Pacifica, 1, 111 - 119." type="journal article" year="1905">Baker, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB3FFD2FF5FFB9DFE9D3A4B" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFB9DFB1C381D" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" box="[151,1268,1086,1108]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB3FFD2FF5FFB9DFB1C381D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341890" box="[151,1268,1086,1108]" collectionCode="CUIC" location="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFB9DFE30381D" authority="Baker, 1905" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,472,1086,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFB9DFEBC381D" box="[151,340,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Photopsis difficilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FE92FB9DFE30381D" author="Baker" box="[346,472,1086,1108]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Baker, C. F. (1905) New Western Mutillidae, II. Invertebrata Pacifica, 1, 111 - 119." type="journal article" year="1905">Baker, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 114.
<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFFB3FFD2FCCEFB9CFCF3381D" box="[774,795,1087,1108]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB3FFD2FCEDFB9DFC6B381D" box="[805,899,1086,1108]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB3FFD2FC09FB9DFBCF381D" box="[961,1063,1086,1108]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">California</collectingRegion>
Claremont (
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB3FFD2FB6FFB9DFB01381D" box="[1191,1257,1086,1108]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">CUIC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFBFEFDCE38DB" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFBFEFC71383A" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,921,1117,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maricopella" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="purismella">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFBFEFED6383A" box="[151,318,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE9DFBFEFE31383A" box="[341,473,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE3AFBFEFD00383A" box="[498,744,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">maricopella purismella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FD3FFBFEFC71383A" author="Schuster" box="[759,921,1117,1139]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 17. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FEB0FBDEFDCA38DB" author="Ferguson" box="[376,546,1148,1170]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFB39FDCE3886" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFB39FC4A38F9" authority="maricopella Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,930,1178,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maricopella" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="maricopella">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFB39FED638F9" box="[151,318,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE9CFB39FE3138F9" box="[340,473,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE27FB39FD1A38F9" box="[495,754,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">maricopella maricopella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FCC9FB39FC4A38F9" author="Schuster" box="[769,930,1178,1200]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 17. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FEB0FB19FDCA3886" author="Ferguson" box="[376,546,1209,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFB7BFE7D3945" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFB7BFCBE38A7" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,854,1240,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maricopella" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="castanea">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFB7BFED638A7" box="[151,318,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE83FB7BFE3838A7" box="[331,464,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE16FB7BFD5038A7" box="[478,696,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">maricopella castanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FD76FB7BFCBE38A7" author="Schuster" box="[702,854,1240,1262]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 17. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FF2EFB54FE793945" author="Ferguson" box="[230,401,1270,1292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFAB6FDCE3903" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFAB6FC463962" authority="californiense Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,942,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="californiense" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="californiense">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFAB6FED63962" box="[151,318,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE9BFAB6FE3F3962" box="[339,471,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE24FAB6FCE93962" box="[492,769,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">californiense californiense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FCC6FAB6FC463962" author="Schuster" box="[782,942,1301,1323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 18. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FEB0FA96FDCA3903" author="Ferguson" box="[376,546,1332,1354]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFAF1FDCE39CE" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFAF1FC713921" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,921,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="californiense" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="fuscatella">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFAF1FED63921" box="[151,318,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE9DFAF1FE313921" box="[341,473,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE3AFAF1FD003921" box="[498,744,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">californiense fuscatella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FD3FFAF1FC713921" author="Schuster" box="[759,921,1362,1384]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 18. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FEB0FAD1FDCA39CE" author="Ferguson" box="[376,546,1393,1415]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFA33FE9D398D" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFA33FCC739EF" authority="quijotoa Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,815,1424,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="quijotoa" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="quijotoa">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFA33FED639EF" box="[151,318,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE84FA33FE3839EF" box="[332,464,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE28FA32FD6739EF" box="[480,655,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">quijotoa quijotoa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FD5EFA33FCC739EF" author="Schuster" box="[662,815,1424,1446]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 18. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FF0FFA0CFE9A398D" author="Ferguson" box="[199,370,1454,1476]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FFA6EFE9D3A4B" blockId="24.[151,1437,1086,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB3FFD2FF5FFA6EFCD939AA" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,817,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="quijotoa" subGenus="Micromutilla" subSpecies="parrasia">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FFA6EFED639AA" box="[151,318,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE84FA6EFE3939AA" box="[332,465,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE17FA6DFD7939AA" box="[479,657,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">quijotoa parrasia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FD50FA6EFCD939AA" author="Schuster" box="[664,817,1485,1507]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 18. ♂. Holotype data: Lost. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB3FFD2FF0FFA4EFE993A4B" author="Ferguson" box="[199,369,1516,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB3FFD2FF5FF98DFD503BE6" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF5FF98DFD653AB2" blockId="24.[151,1437,1582,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF5FF98DFE983A0E" bold="true" box="[151,368,1582,1607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
This species has a deeply excised vertical mandible with the tooth forming an acute angle (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF19F9F0FEEB3A22" box="[209,259,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">et al</emphasis>
. 2009: Fig. 38), lacks mesosternal processes, and has the marginal cell shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma petiolate with the second segment and densely punctate, the second sternum with an anteromedial tumid region, and the genitalia with a long cylindrical cuspis that is setose ventrally with the apex having longer denser setae and parameres with dense setae located medially, but internally directed, along the internal margin (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FE7EF940FE0F3AB2" box="[438,487,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">et al</emphasis>
. 2009:
<figureCitation id="FDE0C0B7FFB3FFD2FDF4F941FD973AB2" box="[572,639,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,266,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[251,1336,247,1430]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odontophotopsis dalyi, sp. nov., 1. habitus; 2. head, frontal view; 3. mesosternum; and 4. pygidium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892297/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD2FF0FF8A5FD503BE6" blockId="24.[151,1437,1582,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF0FF8A5FE293B56" bold="true" box="[199,449,1798,1823]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Diagnosis of female.</emphasis>
The female of this species has the dorsum of the body covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible with a deep excision subtended by a large rounded tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is petiolate with the second segment and the pygidium is striate to granulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB3FFD3FF0FF819FA783D55" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB3FFD3FF0FF819FA783D55" blockId="24.[151,1437,1582,2003]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB3FFD2FF0FF819FC593B9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341884" box="[199,945,1978,2003]" collectionCode="CUIC" location="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB3FFD2FF0FF819FE583B9A" bold="true" box="[199,432,1978,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB3FFD2FE7EF819FDF63B9A" box="[438,542,1978,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB3FFD2FDABF819FD3D3B9A" box="[611,725,1978,2003]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">California</collectingRegion>
Claremont (
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB3FFD2FCA8F818FC413B9A" box="[864,937,1979,2003]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="24" pageNumber="353">CUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. JTNP:
<date id="1165FAF2FFB3FFD2FBC1F819FB533B9A" box="[1033,1211,1978,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="353" value="2012-07-18" valueMax="2012-07-21" valueMin="2012-07-18">18–21.Jul.2012</date>
: 17 ♂ N9; 24 ♂ N7; 38 ♂ N5; 15 ♂ N3; 3 ♂ N1; 25 ♂ T; 37 ♂ S1; 21 ♂ S3; 10 ♂ S5; 6 ♂ S7; 5 ♂ S9; 26 ♂ S11; 8 ♂ S13; 65 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FFB2FFD3FF5FFF1FFEB03C9C" box="[151,344,188,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" value="2012-08-26" valueMax="2012-08-28" valueMin="2012-08-26">26–28.Aug.2012</date>
: 1 ♂ N9; 9 ♂ N7; 2 ♂ N5; 5 ♂ N3; 4 ♂ N1; 3 ♂ T; 13 ♂ S1; 24 ♂ S3; 20 ♂ S5; 56 ♂ S7; 17 ♂ S9; 25 ♂ S11; 15 ♂ S13; 15 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FFB2FFD3FDCEFF43FD283CB1" box="[518,704,224,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" value="2012-09-22" valueMax="2012-09-24" valueMin="2012-09-22">22–24.Sep.2012</date>
: 2 ♂ N9; 4 ♂ N7; 3 ♂ N5; 20 ♂ N3; 10 ♂ N1; 11 ♂ T; 12 ♂ S1; 25 ♂ S3; 27 ♂ S5; 46 ♂ S7; 62 ♂ S9; 12 ♂ S11; 44 ♂ S13; 23 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FFB2FFD3FC67FEA7FB803D54" box="[943,1128,260,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" value="2012-10-26" valueMax="2012-10-28" valueMin="2012-10-26">26–28.Oct.2012</date>
: 3 ♂ S7; 5 ♂ S9; 3 ♂ S18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB2FFD3FF0FFE84FC143DCE" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF0FFE84FD4D3D2D" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FF0FFE84FE883D09" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB2FFD3FEA4FE8BFE4C3D09" box="[364,420,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FE70FE84FDFF3D09" box="[440,535,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FDEFFE84FD743D09" box="[551,668,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FD64FE84FCFF3D09" box="[684,791,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Colorado</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FCEFFE84FC823D09" box="[807,874,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Idaho</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FCB2FE84FC3A3D09" box="[890,978,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Nevada</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FC2AFE8BFB933D09" box="[994,1147,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
New
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FBEBFE84FB933D09" box="[1059,1147,295,320]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB2FFD3FBEBFE84FB933D09" box="[1059,1147,295,320]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FB44FE8BFB0B3D09" box="[1164,1251,296,320]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Oregon</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FAE0FE84FA883D09" box="[1320,1376,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Utah</collectingRegion>
) and northern
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FF34FEEFFEBA3D2C" box="[252,338,332,357]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB2FFD3FF34FEEFFEBA3D2C" box="[252,338,332,357]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FEA9FEEFFDE73D2C" box="[353,527,332,357]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
Baja
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FE55FEEFFDE73D2C" box="[413,527,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">California</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB2FFD3FD8DFEEFFD713D2D" box="[581,665,332,356]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Sonora</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF0FFECCFC143DCE" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1020,367,392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FF0FFECCFEC33DC1" bold="true" box="[199,299,367,392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Activity.</emphasis>
This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB2FFD3FF0FFE37FB633F5C" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF0FFE37FF083ECD" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FF0FFE37FED33DE4" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FE8CFE37FDAD3DE5" author="Wilson" box="[324,581,404,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Wilson, J. S. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Identifying Nearctic cold-desert refugia through the phylogeographic analysis of Sphaeropthalma difficilis (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Diversity and Distributions, 18, 1139 - 1152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2012.00902. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Wilson &amp; Pitts (2012)</bibRefCitation>
performed a phylogenetic analysis of
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB2FFD3FBCCFE37FB973DE5" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1905" box="[1028,1151,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FBCCFE37FB973DE5" box="[1028,1151,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">S. difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and used this species to identify potential Pleistocene refugia in the North American cold deserts. Their research on this species provided evidence that in addition to desert-like conditions persisting through the ice age in parts of the Nearctic warm deserts, many areas maintained desert-like characteristics in the regional cold deserts. It is abundant throughout its range (
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB2FFD3FF2BFD87FEDF3E75" box="[227,311,548,573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,727,750]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance by species at JTNP and Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge (AMWR)." pageId="25" pageNumber="354">Table 2</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB2FFD3FE91FD87FE813E75" box="[345,361,548,572]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="35.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of various sites from faunal studies: Ferguson (1967), Allred (1973), Pitts et al. (2009, 2010 a) and Boehme et al. (2012). Algodones = Algodones Sand Dunes (Sonoran Desert), Deep Canyon = Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center (Sonoran Desert), JTNP = Joshua Tree National Park (Sonoran and Mojave deserts), AMNWR = Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (Mojave Desert) and NTS = the Nevada Test Site (Mojave Desert and Great Basin Desert).? = may be found in this location with further collecting." pageId="25" pageNumber="354">3</tableCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FEBDFD86FDF63E74" author="Ferguson" box="[373,542,548,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson 1967</bibRefCitation>
; Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FDA9FD86FD713E75" box="[609,665,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2009, 2010a; Wilson
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FC45FD86FC2C3E75" box="[909,964,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2010;
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FBD9FD87FB1E3E75" author="Wilson" box="[1041,1270,548,573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Wilson, J. S. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Identifying Nearctic cold-desert refugia through the phylogeographic analysis of Sphaeropthalma difficilis (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Diversity and Distributions, 18, 1139 - 1152. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2012.00902. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Wilson &amp; Pitts 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FAC9FD87FF3C3E29" author="Boehme" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Boehme, N. F., Tanner, D. A., Williams, K. A. &amp; Pitts, J. P. (2012) Faunal study of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa, 3587, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2012">
Boehme
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FAACFD86FA743E75" box="[1380,1436,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). This species is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB2FFD3FDAEFDEBFD3A3E29" box="[614,722,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="django">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FDAEFDEBFD3A3E29" box="[614,722,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">S. django</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is restricted to the Algodones Sand Dunes (Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FAAAFDEAFA743E29" box="[1378,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF0FFD2CFF053EB9" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
Although most of the
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB2FFD3FE76FD2CFDC33EE1" box="[446,555,655,680]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of the Schuster species synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB2FFD3FBD8FD33FB603EE1" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1905" box="[1040,1160,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FBD8FD33FB603EE1" box="[1040,1160,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">S. difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are listed as “lost”, they were likely never labeled as
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB2FFD3FE12FD17FDAF3E84" box="[474,583,692,717]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FD9FFD17FCEC3E84" author="Ferguson" box="[599,772,692,717]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7443" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson 1967</bibRefCitation>
). This holds for most other Schuster
<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB2FFD3FB6EFD16FB093E84" box="[1190,1249,693,717]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">types</typeStatus>
that are missing as well.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB2FFD3FF0FFD5FFB633F5C" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1163,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">
This species is currently placed in the
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB2FFD3FDBBFD5FFD033F5D" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1905" box="[627,747,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB2FFD3FDBBFD5FFD033F5D" box="[627,747,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="354">S. difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB2FFD3FC54FD5FFB973F5C" author="Pitts" box="[924,1151,764,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="354" refString="Pitts, J. P. &amp; Sadler, E. A. (2015) Description of a new species and species-group of Sphaeropthalma Blake (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with an updated classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (2), 282 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Pitts &amp; Sadler 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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