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<mods:title id="835D66E4C31BCD7E1D0B67E3F25D0B30">Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032688" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134031425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032688" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFD783DC3" box="[151,656,367,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFD783DC3" blockId="32.[151,656,367,394]" box="[151,656,367,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<heading id="3E2C6B5EFF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFD783DC3" bold="true" box="[151,656,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFD783DC3" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,656,367,394]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yumaella">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFD783DC3" bold="true" box="[151,656,367,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFE3D3DC0" bold="true" box="[151,469,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Sphaeropthalma yumaella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFE14FED3FD783DC3" author="Schuster" box="[476,656,368,394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF5FFE15FE993DA2" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF5FFE15FE993DA2" blockId="32.[151,1436,438,491]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFF8BFFEAFF5FFE15FE993DA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341801" collectionCode="CUIC" county="Yuma County" location="Wellton" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFF5FFE15FD193D85" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,753,438,460]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yumaella" subGenus="Micromutilla">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF5FFE15FED53D85" box="[151,317,438,460]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFE99FE15FE3E3D85" box="[337,470,438,460]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Micromutilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFE22FE15FDAF3D85" box="[490,583,438,460]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">yumaella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFD9BFE15FD193D85" author="Schuster" box="[595,753,438,460]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ent. Amer. 37: 19.
<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFF8BFFEAFC1EFE14FC033D85" box="[982,1003,439,460]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="male"></specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="BA606290FF8BFFEAFC33FE15FBB13D85" box="[1019,1113,438,460]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFB6AFE15FB1E3D85" box="[1186,1270,438,460]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFF8BFFEAFACEFE14FA703D85" box="[1286,1432,438,460]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Yuma County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="60048AE9FF8BFFEAFF0FFE76FEFF3DA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1:60048AE9FF8BFFEAFF0FFE76FEFF3DA2" box="[199,279,469,491]" county="Yuma County" name="Wellton" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" stateProvince="Arizona">Wellton</location>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FF8BFFEAFEECFE76FE8E3DA2" box="[292,358,469,491]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">CUIC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF5FFDB4FC953ED4" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF5FFDB4FC953ED4" blockId="32.[151,1436,535,1209]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF5FFDB4FE873E79" bold="true" box="[151,367,535,560]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
This species is recognized by the strongly excised mandible (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFB4BFDBAFB5C3E79" box="[1155,1204,536,560]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">et al</emphasis>
. 2010a: Fig. 31), the lack of mesosternal processes, the marginal cell being shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma sessile with the second segment, and the genitalia with a long thick cylindrical cuspis that tapers apically and has a large basal pit on the internal margin (see Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFD6EFD26FD3F3ED5" box="[678,727,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">et al</emphasis>
. 2009:
<figureCitation id="FDE0C0B7FF8BFFEAFCE4FD27FC873ED4" box="[812,879,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 8" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[255,1436,224,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[243,1344,301,1497]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 5 8. Odontophotopsis odontoloxia, sp. nov., 5. habitus; 6. head, frontal view; 7. mesosternum; and 8. pygidium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892299/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF0FFD04FE4A3E89" box="[199,418,679,704]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="description">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF0FFD04FE4A3E89" blockId="32.[151,1436,535,1209]" box="[199,418,679,704]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF0FFD04FECD3E89" bold="true" box="[199,293,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF0FFD6FFF123FD1" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF0FFD6FFF123FD1" blockId="32.[151,1436,535,1209]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFF8BFFEAFF0FFD6FFBC43EAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341799" box="[199,1068,716,741]" collectionCode="CUIC" county="Yuma County" location="Wellton" municipality="Material" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF0FFD6FFE583EAC" bold="true" box="[199,432,716,741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<collectingMunicipality id="85004648FF8BFFEAFF0FFD6FFEC73EAC" box="[199,303,716,741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Material</collectingMunicipality>
examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="BA606290FF8BFFEAFE7FFD6FFDF73EAC" box="[439,543,716,741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
data:
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFDACFD6FFD293EAC" box="[612,705,716,741]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="8C05A4BEFF8BFFEAFD05FD6EFC813EAD" box="[717,873,716,740]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Yuma County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="60048AE9FF8BFFEAFCBCFD6FFC243EAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1:60048AE9FF8BFFEAFCBCFD6FFC243EAC" box="[884,972,716,741]" county="Yuma County" municipality="Material" name="Wellton" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" stateProvince="Arizona">Wellton</location>
(
<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FF8BFFEAFC13FD6FFBCC3EAD" box="[987,1060,716,740]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">CUIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. JTNP:
<date id="1165FAF2FF8BFFEAFB4DFD6FFADE3EAC" box="[1157,1334,716,741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" value="2012-07-18" valueMax="2012-07-21" valueMin="2012-07-18">1821.Jul.2012</date>
: 1 ♂ N7; 2 ♂ N5; 2 ♂ N3; 6 ♂ T; 21 ♂ S1; 9 ♂ S3; 8 ♂ S5; 5 ♂ S7; 14 ♂ S9; 8 ♂ S11; 2 ♂ S13; 14 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FF8BFFEAFB10FD4CFA703F41" box="[1240,1432,751,776]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" value="2012-08-26" valueMax="2012-08-28" valueMin="2012-08-26">2628.Aug.2012</date>
: 1 ♂ N9; 1 ♂ N7; 3 ♂ N5; 9 ♂ N3; 4 ♂ N1; 5 ♂ T; 10 ♂ S1; 25 ♂ S3; 36 ♂ S5; 12 ♂ S7; 30 ♂ S9; 17 ♂ S11; 53 ♂ S13; 41 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FF8BFFEAFE84FC9BFDEF3F19" box="[332,519,824,848]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" value="2012-09-22" valueMax="2012-09-24" valueMin="2012-09-22">2224.Sep.2012</date>
: 1 ♂ N9; 16 ♂ N5; 44 ♂ N3; 22 ♂ N1; 5 ♂ T; 14 ♂ S1; 43 ♂ S3; 26 ♂ S5; 47 ♂ S7; 34 ♂ S9; 25 ♂ S11; 76 ♂ S13; 96 ♂ S18.
<date id="1165FAF2FF8BFFEAFD59FCFFFCA33F3C" box="[657,843,860,885]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" value="2012-10-26" valueMax="2012-10-28" valueMin="2012-10-26">2628.Oct.2012</date>
: 4 ♂ S1; 4 ♂ S3; 4 ♂ S5; 13 ♂ S9; 2 ♂ S11; 1 ♂ S13; 9 ♂ S18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF0FFC07FC6B3F96" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF0FFC07FB0C3FF4" blockId="32.[151,1436,535,1209]" box="[199,1252,932,957]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF0FFC07FE883FF4" bold="true" box="[199,352,932,957]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FF8BFFEAFEAFFC07FE773FF5" box="[359,415,932,956]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFE66FC07FDE53FF4" box="[430,525,932,957]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFDDFFC07FD643FF4" box="[535,652,932,957]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">California</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFD0EFC07FCF53FF4" box="[710,797,932,957]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Nevada</collectingRegion>
) and northern
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFC0AFC07FBFF3FF4" box="[962,1047,932,957]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FF8BFFEAFC0AFC07FBFF3FF4" box="[962,1047,932,957]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFBEEFC07FB313FF4" box="[1062,1241,932,957]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
Baja
<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FF8BFFEAFBAAFC07FB313FF4" box="[1122,1241,932,957]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">California</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF0FFC64FC6B3F96" blockId="32.[151,1436,535,1209]" box="[199,899,967,992]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF0FFC64FEC33FA9" bold="true" box="[199,299,967,992]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Activity.</emphasis>
This species is active throughout the season at JTNP.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FF8BFFEAFF0FFC4FFB3638F1" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6564DC32FF8BFFEAFF0FFC4FFB3638F1" blockId="32.[151,1436,535,1209]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF0FFC4FFED3384C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1004,1029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFD1DFC4FFC68384D" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[725,896,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFD1DFC4FFC68384D" box="[725,896,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">S. brachyptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, which is in desperate need of revision, and is widespread (Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFDD4FBB2FDBF3861" box="[540,599,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">et al.</emphasis>
2009). Based on mandibular and genitalic morphology, along with wing venation similarities, this species is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFCDDFB97FB9F3804" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[789,1143,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFCDDFB97FC573805" box="[789,959,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">S. brachyptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFC02FB97FB9F3804" author="Schuster" box="[970,1143,1076,1101]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFB4FFB97FF323839" authority="(Melander, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Melander" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noctivaga">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFB4FFB97FAFD3805" box="[1159,1301,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">S. noctivaga</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFAE1FB97FF3A3839" author="Melander" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Melander, A. L. (1903) Notes on North American Mutillidae, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the America Entomological Society, 29, 291 - 330." type="journal article" year="1903">Melander, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFF24FBFBFDD03839" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[236,568,1111,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublobata">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFF24FBFBFE943839" box="[236,380,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">S. sublobata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFE42FBF4FDD03839" author="Schuster" box="[394,568,1111,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FF8BFFEAFDB7FBFBFBC53839" authority="Mickel, 1983" authorityName="Mickel" authorityYear="1983" box="[639,1069,1111,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Odontophotopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piute">
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFDB7FBFBFC6C3826" box="[639,900,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Odontophotopsis piute</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFC59FBF4FBC53839" author="Mickel" box="[913,1069,1111,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Mickel, C. E. &amp; Clausen, P. E. (1983) New species of the genus Odontophotopsis subgenus Odontophotopsis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76, 539 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 76.3.539" type="journal article" year="1983">Mickel, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FF8BFFEAFBAEFBF4FA783839" author="Mickel" box="[1126,1424,1111,1136]" pageId="32" pageNumber="361" refString="Mickel, C. E. &amp; Clausen, P. E. (1983) New species of the genus Odontophotopsis subgenus Odontophotopsis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76, 539 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 76.3.539" type="journal article" year="1983">Mickel &amp; Clausen, 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Additional taxonomic description for this species can be found in Pitts
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFC63FBDEFC0B38DD" box="[939,995,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">et al.</emphasis>
(2009). This species is seemingly more abundant in the Mojave Desert (
<tableCitation id="2859E989FF8BFFEAFE37FB3CFDBB38F1" box="[511,595,1183,1208]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,727,750]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance by species at JTNP and Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge (AMWR)." pageId="32" pageNumber="361">Table 2</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="2859E989FF8BFFEAFDBFFB03FD6D38F1" box="[631,645,1184,1208]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="35.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of various sites from faunal studies: Ferguson (1967), Allred (1973), Pitts et al. (2009, 2010 a) and Boehme et al. (2012). Algodones = Algodones Sand Dunes (Sonoran Desert), Deep Canyon = Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center (Sonoran Desert), JTNP = Joshua Tree National Park (Sonoran and Mojave deserts), AMNWR = Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (Mojave Desert) and NTS = the Nevada Test Site (Mojave Desert and Great Basin Desert).? = may be found in this location with further collecting." pageId="32" pageNumber="361">3</tableCitation>
) than elsewhere in its range (e.g. Wilson
<emphasis id="57AF0020FF8BFFEAFB9EFB02FB6638F1" box="[1110,1166,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="361">et al.</emphasis>
2010).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>