1095 lines
139 KiB
XML
1095 lines
139 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1174-219" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D0C94D1974975A4B9CD9EE6F18A21120" ID-ZooBank="608FAD80206A428E9743F8ED4F3139BB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1174-219" checkinTime="1691771919581" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ballarin, Francesco & Eguchi, Katsuyuki" docDate="2023" docId="EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1174: 219-272" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1174" docPubDate="2023-08-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251" docTitle="Howaia mogera" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="D0C94D1974975A4B9CD9EE6F18A21120" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="D0C94D1974975A4B9CD9EE6F18A21120" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini)" masterLastPageNumber="272" masterPageNumber="219" pageNumber="219" updateTime="1691771919581" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="15DA62D2918AF3936B0302DB0EFE5D88">Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BE35CCC0CD6360595BBAACA959CEB25B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A67FCF76A4E269A1F07808F056CE8637">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6373AF8FD911936A48554995A39DC897">Ballarin, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F08C782DCF7E5F762335E964E9A22781" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-2519</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C592B5593F4BE3A40990C8FFFA78FDA9">Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 - 1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192 - 0397, Tokyo, Japan & Department of Zoology, Museo di Storia Naturale of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 9, I- 37129 Verona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D7F2AF4A846AD994505CB431A9C35788" type="email">ballarin.francesco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="344D5F00064253869DF3C4F0F8C7A66D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A0516F25BE89380AE67B4F80E8FF2071">Eguchi, Katsuyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C6A9FE7D289B6FF3D4CF67EEC8E1B6A6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1295</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D699C0B329FD31B85F19D77B957380BA">Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 - 1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192 - 0397, Tokyo, Japan & Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1 - 12 - 4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, 852 - 8523, Nagasaki, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F745A3FC9EEA8B7E7623FD2F9CA650CC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="74720F2AEF72620DFE0B82F0643841CC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="050CF53C101FC36600D27CF7EBC62B83">
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<mods:date id="47BA1D9051E8CC1F932BAC31FDA92C7E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A250A5220D09B0B2BF7734B8E99D9504">2023-08-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="230341722D2998B7493D71B2BC712AC9">1174</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="468E7A47BDCDE5057117D00D3F5EA807">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6E316190A8A63B5CFEBB41E0657303FB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C6D956E6DA7E1F745479CBD7BF6DAD51" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
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<subSubSection id="0FCEF0E4A1277F0EEFAD2BA72DAA4E9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FBB0017AE6DE5C6591258BF1D6431088" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
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<taxonomicName id="ADFC8DD2F92194D452DAD3C0495A8B7A" LSID="EC1BA6FC-51FB-53DD-91D1-9C79A5126CD8" authority="(Yaginuma, 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Yaginuma" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">Howaia mogera (Yaginuma, 1972)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9FE40F3E64DEFFADABB50625D93C5F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6AB8824545E422D0EE8CA1C4A46FE8E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<figureCitation id="07FE5C94BAF07C1D964120B6884E5024" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figs 1A-J</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="A45F12B8141A69D8C8062E0F50337E31" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 4A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="EDB9ABBB6EEAA1DDEE66DA2AEC576ED7" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Nesticella and Howaia species in life and their natural habitats A female of H. mogera B female of N. terrestris C female of H. alba sp. nov. D female of N. occulta sp. nov. E female of N. okinawaensis F example of the epigean habitat of Nesticella species in the Ryukyus G habitat of H. alba sp nov. (dark zone of Tsuzupisuki-abu cave) H habitat of N. occulta sp. nov. (dark zone of Kabirano-ana cave) (all photos by F. Ballarin)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891299" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">, 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="B54313B5C8F1EF647A0850ECCFF0D600" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species in mainland Japan and Ryukyu Archipelago A distribution of N. brevipes and N. terrestris in mainland Japan and neighboring countries B distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago C distribution of H. mogera in mainland Japan and neighboring countries D distribution of H. mogera in the Ryukyu Archipelago and neighboring countries. Colored squares refer to the type localities of the species, colored dots indicate the locations of specimens whose morphology has been checked during this study, dashed areas refer to the generally known distribution of the species, question marks refer to unclear distributions (see " remarks on misidentifications " of N. brevipes and N. terrestris)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891300" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
, 16C, D (Japanese name:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BE6F88E19EA0E73C93E1E1AAF536E4EC" originalValue="chibi-horahimegumoチビホラヒメグモ">chibi-horahimegumoチビホラヒメグモ</normalizedToken>
|
||
)
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="573064BF53C65E966EC1B85CC43C28EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="839B834C87B97027DE7E6E482B141E7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E5D3CDC148467B87046370EADA8418C" authorityName="Yaginuma" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus terrestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrestris">Nesticus terrestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ADA1C03B5DE7AECD1C084922C5871292" author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="385 - 394" refId="B57" refString="Yaginuma, T, 1970. Two new species of small nesticid spiders of Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo 13: 385 - 394" title="Two new species of small nesticid spiders of Japan." volume="13" year="1970">Yaginuma 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 390, fig. 7 (♂, misidentification).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="22E039D8AA4980249D6AB6F18A3B6E0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05A47EB5DAF07EC4A7DD81808EE2A73D" family="Nesticidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">N. mogera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ACEF8EBA36E6FA696459A69632AE7B21" author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="619 - 622" refId="B58" refString="Yaginuma, T, 1972. Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo 15: 619 - 622" title="Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan." volume="15" year="1972">Yaginuma 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 621, fig. 1 (♂♀);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="320FEB5F6F3C3CC4216EB312F16D8F57" author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Otemon Gakuin University" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="255 - 287" refId="B60" refString="Yaginuma, T, 1979. A study of the Japanese species of nesticid spiders. Faculty of Letters Revue. Otemon Gakuin University 13: 255 - 287" title="A study of the Japanese species of nesticid spiders. Faculty of Letters Revue." volume="13" year="1979">Yaginuma 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 275, pl. 6, figs 11, 12 (♂♀).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F34AD1099FECF4A68099FA688D2D385" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43E5A2A05244FDBB5278CAB3A377F840" baseAuthorityName="Yaginuma" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">Howaia mogera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AEA6B9112B38C5955C69B3EBC899AB68" author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="47 - 66" refId="B27" refString="Lehtinen, PT, Saaristo, MI, 1980. Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. II. Nesticidae. Annales Zoologici Fennici 17: 47 - 66" title="Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. II. Nesticidae." volume="17" year="1980">Lehtinen and Saaristo 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53, figs 7-9, 22-23, 29b (♂♀ transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77F89F91AACA18E63F95FBED0CA09B2D" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0864DDA9496D5D038B378B2A76B9584D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E561535AD5E5F0121748A2936269B59" authorityName="Yaginuma" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus brevipes" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipes">Nesticus brevipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93FD050674ED4416D27AAE7105852A9D" author="Paik, KY" journalOrPublisher="Korean Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="71 - 75" refId="B35" refString="Paik, KY, 1996. A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea. Korean Arachnology 12 (2): 71 - 75" title="A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea." volume="12" year="1996">Paik 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 72, figs 1-10 (♀, misidentification).1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A186055F1F795DCA55D2AA2638F2B668" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B7DA4C6E001212CA6D5D7D572A36E58" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8617575B412289E36E12CBD873558DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Japan, Tokyo Pref., Tamagawa.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9DD132167EF5BE3031F4815E2354B755" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="503E0554982EBED4EBADB19B10382B17" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED901AF7272DC2E63E390183D8586A8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF961D07613A0C1302591236AF102E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="14AEAC423DC9321346EF54FC99443E55" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Honshu Is.:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0A556A26BC4F632B2D80CE3C7B2AACB8" collectingDate="1996-05-07" collectingDateMax="1996-05-10" collectingDateMin="1996-05-07" collectorName="July., A. Tanikawa" country="Japan" county="Tome-gun" location="Tamatukuri-gun" municipality="Lake Izunuma" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Miyagi Pref.">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="022E974385B5C15065533D96532512A1" country="Japan" name="Miyagi">Miyagi Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="BD7CD91E866A63AF7D719BC794F00712" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="697A49B66CE40D2595582F1048A7D0F0">Tome-gun</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BA2CA091EFB8A2667E5154484AF0C404">Lake Izunuma</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 20.
|
||
<collectorName id="EF3112717D5E523093F1F91E3299FACE">July.</collectorName>
|
||
1986,
|
||
<collectorName id="EDEB6AB88AD526F1902321AB906A7E53">A. Tanikawa</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (MNHAH);
|
||
<specimenCount id="719B1B26D5CE45E4BD97C7C59B389B9E" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="4733424839F14DF28A5652A9207BE93A" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="3436D2D1D2811329CE6BE4110C5E84BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:3436D2D1D2811329CE6BE4110C5E84BA" country="Japan" county="Tome-gun" municipality="Lake Izunuma" name="Tamatukuri-gun" stateProvince="Miyagi Pref.">Tamatukuri-gun</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7ADDE1D73C8D8D8C8BF267DA5ECA47B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:7ADDE1D73C8D8D8C8BF267DA5ECA47B8" country="Japan" county="Tome-gun" municipality="Lake Izunuma" name="Naruko-cho" stateProvince="Miyagi Pref.">Naruko-cho</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E34CAEC929234DA78258AD557D7145B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:E34CAEC929234DA78258AD557D7145B9" country="Japan" county="Tome-gun" municipality="Lake Izunuma" name="Myousada" stateProvince="Miyagi Pref.">Myousada</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="07B42CE02A998BA7DF815E8DDCC3A270" value="1996-05-07" valueMax="1996-05-10" valueMin="1996-05-07">7-10.May.1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, K. Kumada leg. (NMST-Ar.3587);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4FA79D1FC4DA286CC9FE1D09DB409239" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Japan" location="Shimokitateyanagitate" municipality="Akita-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Akita Pref.">
|
||
<emphasis id="27B33E0FF8BA90361B4FC633E410B967" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8EC13E6F0F2BB6F80DCA525DF445788F" country="Japan" name="Akita">Akita Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="95A147853F6DEFBF9BAF813188D40860" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="AD667A1AD4DD8D9706C2CACD568C6EFA">Akita-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="93332FE02EEE168DF9A65645C86F0072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:93332FE02EEE168DF9A65645C86F0072" country="Japan" municipality="Akita-shi" name="Shimokitateyanagitate" stateProvince="Akita Pref.">Shimokitateyanagitate</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2E70A8333284B8B43A75535189DA1E0D" collectingDate="2005-11-21" country="Japan" location="Kagawa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagawa">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E78C92EE72CBA4556CD3AB828200AFD9" country="Japan" name="Kagawa">Kagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="F844383F9B25E8F103B41A34E773E1E5" value="2005-11-21">21.Nov.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, A.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1266080120EC5F5DBD991917136CF097" country="Japan" name="Fukushima">Fukushima</collectingRegion>
|
||
leg. (NSMT-Ar.20405, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2053B9EAF7E6F0E647E649CF09DC0551" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. brevipes" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="brevipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="83638BCD806A700BDC6CF66BCE34BDDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">N. brevipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="42B316F57DB45CBD3D3D6D3974550C0B" collectingDate="2019-08-26" country="Japan" latitude="38.75628" location="Oyama" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.7633" municipality="Tsuruoka-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yamagata Pref.">
|
||
<emphasis id="55D5BE866B0CDFC6416B29CFC076ACB5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AF79B1670CF639014A3E7DDC197D48FA" country="Japan" name="Yamagata">Yamagata Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="5BED319B8275E2F34D83CAFDD7178DFD" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="EF6E3562814D7D3FEB2B42C29DB9A1FD">Tsuruoka-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="EC454ABC8E690888FE3B94A03E0A1863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:EC454ABC8E690888FE3B94A03E0A1863" country="Japan" latitude="38.75628" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.7633" municipality="Tsuruoka-shi" name="Oyama" stateProvince="Yamagata Pref.">Oyama</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="55D879AADCB8CF43CF7C6613BB74D3AE" degrees="38.75628" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.75628">38.75628°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="10E72FBABCA81CCDF0CE198ED7F91BD5" degrees="139.76331" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="139.7633">139.76331°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1E7F539C902D2E087ECF9F0E43195202" value="2019-08-26">26.Aug.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="12601FBA19F5C9D5A63D870D45C7FCD3" collectingDate="2022-04-02" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-shi" elevation="20" latitude="36.2353" location="Uchino" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="139.6574" municipality="Fujoka-machi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tochigi Pref.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8AC47A016AD0B3BB99B01C9BD373CF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5B36C07B479D06205893575A1ED6D93D" country="Japan" name="Tochigi">Tochigi Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="1FB9AC6E30E9EC3DD31010A41A240F59" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="E6C721B40EDD4F7AE4D8BD3DB1879BA9">Tochigi-shi</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E0A80062F0AB914D20E95226BAA9D8EB">Fujoka-machi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="26C606D7FBF3A7FBC4EED8612A9B9193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:26C606D7FBF3A7FBC4EED8612A9B9193" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-shi" latitude="36.2353" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="139.6574" municipality="Fujoka-machi" name="Uchino" stateProvince="Tochigi Pref.">Uchino</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9EE7D067CE3C3806D432DE5026674D69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:9EE7D067CE3C3806D432DE5026674D69" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-shi" latitude="36.2353" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="139.6574" municipality="Fujoka-machi" name="Watarase-Yusuichi" stateProvince="Tochigi Pref.">Watarase-Yusuichi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="528B425FA817DA8B419FC1B8E79B82F5" degrees="36.2353" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.2353">36.2353°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="553CB370432F470A1DA179675F0D7A62" degrees="139.6574" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="139.6574">139.6574°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="4830A1BFFED2CC67F1256B164ACCECED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:4830A1BFFED2CC67F1256B164ACCECED" country="Japan" county="Tochigi-shi" latitude="36.2353" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="139.6574" municipality="Fujoka-machi" name="Alt." stateProvince="Tochigi Pref.">Alt.</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="3937412F1A8BF35B0412120858D2E663" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3F7F4B317F502378CA228B74415538B8" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="81F4170BD0C0F00B90D1625DC128E58F" value="2022-04-02">2.Apr.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, N. Kikuchi leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="35A4989DFCC7FD0171E2D1C83CE65345" collectingDate="1969-02-03" country="Japan" location="Tamagawa" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tokyo Pref." typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA859755098CE52B51B77C90C5277B88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="044D655236FB633FC0B47B4100F562AD" country="Japan" name="Tokyo">Tokyo Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="7E4D5921043751CC2FDA8A7338555BA6" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="D3B5211058C9D77A38CFB030E9274C72">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="9C701524B84EC1170341DF3240F92778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:9C701524B84EC1170341DF3240F92778" country="Japan" name="Tamagawa" stateProvince="Tokyo Pref.">Tamagawa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="2DDFDD7B3C8ED0AD01EC2E74C8D6DB7C" value="1969-02-03">3.Feb.1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01A19EAAB76A8BEA3D67EC34D1098AA9" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="H. Kobayashi" country="Japan" location="Minami-Osawa" municipality="Hachioji-shi" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectorName id="9FD0FF3065C031D3841D720C7DFD740A">H. Kobayashi</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (NMST-Ar.73);
|
||
<specimenCount id="47B335F059A0AD75F5C86E144079A1BA" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="25678D1C7ADCF911455C1D8C46C946B8" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FF2E698E84483B20F385480D04EDB283">Hachioji-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="2611660168820377AFAD357FF2CB4551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:2611660168820377AFAD357FF2CB4551" country="Japan" municipality="Hachioji-shi" name="Minami-Osawa">Minami-Osawa</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0DAF2C45F85D60169E4F6174B34FB1F" collectingDate="2020-09-22" collectorName="Metropolitan University" country="Japan" latitude="35.6245" location="Tokyo" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="139.3863" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="601B5C6E08B205E94835522ED41E61A4" country="Japan" name="Tokyo">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="DD30446099CB714E8F2A9422E8809521">Metropolitan University</collectorName>
|
||
campus, litter under bushes,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CF56F379AA7412B32604D93CCDA86124" degrees="35.6245" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.6245">35.6245°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F2C2A78189D3702B2DBCE1691CAFAE94" degrees="139.3863" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="139.3863">139.3863°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="766F011E72C92A2287D518457842432C" value="2020-09-22">22.Sep.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="995930C9028DADEFE2451B18B45B58C8" collectingDate="2021-05-03" collectorName="F. Ballarin, Hachijo-jima Is." country="Japan" latitude="33.11044" location="Hachijo Botanical Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.78432" municipality="Okago" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectorName id="19E43D29CDC8AA967DF52EA77590DA3D">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="70724843B2A4DA35F696E6E36EA5C041" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectorName id="4F0D234C0FD1B0D13EEE45F6E3261A56">Hachijo-jima Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="DF0EB288BC36E40F724ECE425BB048A1" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="492F77C3D0A2BB3CFBFEFAF8596AA61E" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2E669AD8FBD3BF1E9E4766488D74BC8D">Okago</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B339CF24AE13B6EBF8F9CB60B106FB70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:B339CF24AE13B6EBF8F9CB60B106FB70" country="Japan" latitude="33.11044" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="139.78432" municipality="Okago" name="Hachijo Botanical Park">Hachijo Botanical Park</location>
|
||
, forest litter,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FA3E6A042FDC39F87387EC7D0BED6057" degrees="33.11044" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.11044">33.11044°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="81D51DE6E55EA33E66EED8FA4C825DCC" degrees="139.78432" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="139.78432">139.78432°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="C0B59F8B79DF88D4DDE0ABFD1E7F0CB1" value="2021-05-03">03.May.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24E181507A6D8EB0DAE3DDC4DB80956B" collectingDate="1984-12" country="Japan" county="Kawasaki-shi" location="Kasugi-cho" municipality="Nakahara-ku" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa Pref." typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="C792FA39BDA9818EC4C9C4320D5629C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="514967E6516E7B16E6937D072858AE50" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa">Kanagawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="CAF3A6A6975C6E463E7A9FFC1CC76AF6" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="314602CBB20E887D5E0C34EF3C9CAEFA" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6AA06A84C99ECA648ECD958859C38CDC">Kawasaki-shi</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="AA7604BB3A7D094401A979795C2E21B4">Nakahara-ku</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="47014BD82D232AF6E64249D137201642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:47014BD82D232AF6E64249D137201642" country="Japan" county="Kawasaki-shi" municipality="Nakahara-ku" name="Kasugi-cho" stateProvince="Kanagawa Pref.">Kasugi-cho</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="FA180692DAAEEC9CD652089E9E29D3D2" value="1984-12">Dec.1984</collectingDate>
|
||
(exact date unknown)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F6E50D842484F17EB8DFD93365820A9B" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="H. Ono, A. Tanikawa" country="Japan" county="Yokohama-shi" location="July." municipality="Maioka" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectorName id="1A05E37F2D11038F3322D006AB4B2326">H. Ono</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (NMST-Ar.893);
|
||
<specimenCount id="37094A74659B44C9749393DD7AA70B6E" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D76C967C29EFE02F8B532669B5416981">Yokohama-shi</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8E4C1BB7C0DD6C6E74BE2E35E89D33F6">Maioka</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
park, 6.
|
||
<location id="B2F33519C1C8C16CFE48FC9D61B8530F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:B2F33519C1C8C16CFE48FC9D61B8530F" country="Japan" county="Yokohama-shi" municipality="Maioka" name="July.">July.</location>
|
||
1986,
|
||
<collectorName id="CA410016779B86B9CD2995AC20FF5956">A. Tanikawa</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (MNHAH)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C53F005DC5D1C0BEDCB53102D86102E8" collectingDate="1998-09-08" country="Japan" location="Ueda-shi" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Nagano Pref." typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4DBF55220A51BE188FF4C5CCE8630DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C78272BDD305089A573878AAB7C455B5" country="Japan" name="Nagano">Nagano Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="C30E6FB3A3073EEFF51D819CF7F9C91E" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D78A3E5631441DE80DD97F500A4CEB9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:D78A3E5631441DE80DD97F500A4CEB9A" country="Japan" name="Ueda-shi" stateProvince="Nagano Pref.">Ueda-shi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="23A0181E1C73FF9873F49EBCF2AFF3DF" value="1998-09-08">8.Sep.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="53A0DC1D86095CC7F36353191C8A0221" collectingDate="2019-09-09" collectorName="Y. Fujisawa" country="Japan" latitude="35.67049" location="Ijima-cho" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.91159" municipality="Kamiina-gun" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectorName id="5AF823F921F450FF22B3C6FB3AEAB5D7">Y. Fujisawa</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (NMST-Ar.6965);
|
||
<specimenCount id="5E17CAE4990DA6848F745795AE254FB9" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A1B29E2FEC0A44FF976CEB41E14BE7A0">Kamiina-gun</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="6789ACE61CDE8C07FAEB80BD29BDE696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:6789ACE61CDE8C07FAEB80BD29BDE696" country="Japan" latitude="35.67049" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.91159" municipality="Kamiina-gun" name="Ijima-cho">Ijima-cho</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="415AEA02ECBC03C2E2ACDB9329D70117" degrees="35.67049" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.67049">35.67049°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="01183C87CFBC7187DC49F856E812FC5C" degrees="137.91159" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="137.91159">137.91159°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="54E3076B9AF7727C3ACDE367F429C257" value="2019-09-09">09.Sep.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Y. Suzuki leg. (YSPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="5DB77F8D118CD544E77CC84C9663E2DD" collectingDate="1970-03" country="Japan" location="Tenryu-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Shizuoka Pref." typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2ED399906C98C059B8310ED70F22BF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8482EF6EE19CCD5DBDE72CA792E329EC" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka">Shizuoka Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="CC1D57D0DA6E42359AA66381CDC92D24" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="6CA95D3F21F7392B67C945A3F34C6F33">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="5311BE22BB90719A5C2F37B2E601A8B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:5311BE22BB90719A5C2F37B2E601A8B4" country="Japan" name="Tenryu-shi" stateProvince="Shizuoka Pref.">Tenryu-shi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1B4EFA850E214992BDD11A3F8E1301FB" value="1970-03">Mar.1970</collectingDate>
|
||
(exact date unknown)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1A210C5F73891AB95038442F256874C6" collectingDate="2019-09-30" collectorName="H. Kobayashi" country="Japan" county="Hamamatsu-shi" latitude="34.85102" location="Inasacho Okuyama" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.62569" municipality="Kita Ward" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="240733B981925ED298BD84EA4229BDCF">H. Kobayashi</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (NMST-Ar.74);
|
||
<specimenCount id="058026FFF807044732BCEDAF6A3261C9" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="3F851A1CB682E4A32004EA27A0E084A3">Hamamatsu-shi</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="66CE78605E6B0DEEB356872D93258B71">Kita Ward</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="64C0FC4F87736E5CE1B93894848F53CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:64C0FC4F87736E5CE1B93894848F53CF" country="Japan" county="Hamamatsu-shi" latitude="34.85102" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="137.62569" municipality="Kita Ward" name="Inasacho Okuyama">Inasacho Okuyama</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C9F1456A0DA404B405D7F526DE945FE7" degrees="34.85102" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.85102">34.85102°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="639E2F78CEDBD49EC407B445DC379C3F" degrees="137.62569" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="137.62569">137.62569°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, under grass tuffs in a paddy field,
|
||
<collectingDate id="15E84AD61491969DA94D0CB696FBEB29" value="2019-09-30">30.Sep.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2E19BB779CF704567CE51E771A1E0407" collectingDate="2019-10-03" collectorName="Pref" country="Japan" latitude="35.60836" location="Nagatani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.03873" municipality="Tsuruga-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fukui" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="A04B69AD0E0818DAC2996A9CD9799064" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FF23F2BD3B56F462921E2F68FF52FC79" country="Japan" name="Fukui">Fukui</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="C341B01255822B80B4E4EFF3160E0508">Pref</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="05FF0D1F69246B6FC3137AE2492C7D2C" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="AA2E8E088DD51340F0ED1D43093551F7">Tsuruga-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A22100352B1773650A2F4B6857DE25BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:A22100352B1773650A2F4B6857DE25BA" country="Japan" latitude="35.60836" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.03873" municipality="Tsuruga-shi" name="Nagatani" stateProvince="Fukui">Nagatani</location>
|
||
, under grass tuffs in a paddy field,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2CE9FFEBFE7CF718282049CC9275F96F" degrees="35.60836" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.60836">35.60836°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AE46C800D760D6D5282CB5C9BA822FC" degrees="136.03872" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="136.03873">136.03872°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE192799F53D0F9F13CC3B013F5290BA" value="2019-10-03">3.Oct.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6957FB02A2265E9ECAF97CDA360A875F" collectingDate="2019-10-07" collectorName="Pref" country="Japan" latitude="34.79919" location="Otani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.13501" municipality="Iga-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mie" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0F37A2FAC9CF59972ACA57A840DFC5D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D6FC4240888B807C0A71D51AAC1BDE87" country="Japan" name="Mie">Mie</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="D5DBFA15878BF664DCE4398931C116DE">Pref</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="088A427ABFBE6D5CAC1ECAE0C5427C41" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5F42FF7624BC964B0560F2C736C4E8BC">Iga-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FFF1C6DB4086326D9B72A3F16B95FFBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:FFF1C6DB4086326D9B72A3F16B95FFBF" country="Japan" latitude="34.79919" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.13501" municipality="Iga-shi" name="Otani" stateProvince="Mie">Otani</location>
|
||
, under grass tuffs in a paddy field,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="75962871AE3334ABBFB6CD652FFA1652" degrees="34.79919" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.79919">34.79919°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="19A320DF0AE281128746BDBFC3CCF7A8" degrees="136.13501" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="136.13501">136.13501°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="112708D9CA4FC5A9D3AD706895909C00" value="2019-10-07">7.Oct.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FEDB47F69B94EE9FC0BC4B6BCEDEB1CB" collectingDate="1984-05-20" country="Japan" county="Tamana-gun" location="Harakura" municipality="Gyokutou-machi" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kumamoto Pref." typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="65ED79F5D41327CD43B66B4F39283701" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6342446132EE94CBAE5EC577922191AC" country="Japan" name="Kumamoto">Kumamoto Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="D04D14E1718232A5107E49356FFB4941" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="90870690F1D97DF39AB921D888E5330F" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="D1836B873EEEDF20E5319603E6D2EB66">Tamana-gun</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="77AD847FB187D3BE85C674AA854D2A35">Gyokutou-machi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1DB9B49010F9365D5ECD040C39DFE7C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:1DB9B49010F9365D5ECD040C39DFE7C7" country="Japan" county="Tamana-gun" municipality="Gyokutou-machi" name="Harakura" stateProvince="Kumamoto Pref.">Harakura</location>
|
||
, Yamakitasho-no-ana cave (山北小の穴),
|
||
<collectingDate id="0926689119BE49078AA20A686C1BAA4A" value="1984-05-20">20.May.1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, T. Irie leg. (NMST-Ar.16065);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B51F2A5A5933C566FE2B4C75DBCBE33B" collectingDate="2007-02-26" country="Japan" location="Kawabe-cho" municipality="Minami Kyushu-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima Pref." typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD19723A3BE3C22096F4BF6C37A4CBA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A404CDB9996C54FB11BC39498B1EF94" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="DE17B4EE744D328539F6EF986D60B05C" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A8FB23ACD1920A0C06434C4BE7CE020D">Minami Kyushu-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B05E9B2F0BFC1D95F0D324AF9C5F75A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:1B05E9B2F0BFC1D95F0D324AF9C5F75A" country="Japan" municipality="Minami Kyushu-shi" name="Kawabe-cho" stateProvince="Kagoshima Pref.">Kawabe-cho</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D955F653BE8DADB026B4BE5472D3D17" value="2007-02-26">26.Feb.2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="45F713AEA3176B20232F0F8D1F3D07D5" collectingDate="2021-09-24" collectorName="K. Iohii, Yakushima Is." country="Japan" elevation="207" latitude="30.28458" location="Anbo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="130.618" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="66EE049D1A9711058D7E2BA1BD247B0C">K. Iohii</collectorName>
|
||
(?) leg. (NMST-Ar.14585);
|
||
<emphasis id="0627A135CA5EA7E07CDE8B43285EB4AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectorName id="E4248EEBE07CB52EC5C3728DCA9F6A97">Yakushima Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="D6C2AA1E7200107D698F069ADC98491E" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="48367A54A676CB4164CAAED4CF2F543B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:48367A54A676CB4164CAAED4CF2F543B" country="Japan" latitude="30.28458" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="130.618" name="Anbo">Anbo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B2A8526DF9B280A8213F6011DE4F9ADF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" unit="m" value="207.0">
|
||
<elevation id="E47E4383100E179DAD4FFAD6DB7103E9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" unit="m" value="207.0">207 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9FCEE17253DD86DA80D4CF8499990F9F" degrees="30.28458" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.28458">30.28458°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8C75E25E06C4D4A7992EF862C8B17A12" degrees="130.61799" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.618">130.61799°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="59A707B8C2B67C75C6FE57489638C5CD" value="2021-09-24">24.Sep.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="1F1CCE01A0D1FA8AF11B3F0B0C24BE39" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Suwanosejima Is.</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="53A2CCD9F817678D945CB1444A168F0E" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="8D4B7A01D85032E78A07525480C6A436" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Otohime-no-dokutsu cave,
|
||
<date id="C579588DAC48393C9E55B43D5592DD3B" value="2022-07-08">8.Jul.2022</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C28721F09780300F73540F8A6D29821C" collectingDate="2021-07-13" collectorName="Y. Suzuki, Is." country="Japan" elevation="2" latitude="28.46221" location="Kise" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.65013" municipality="Amami-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="F2E2E3640E7BFF83D813B53E3B849188">Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (YSPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="F5D894DE98A13E506DEE3641460A81FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="287ACAB24B64A7322F5FB3AD1035788E" originalValue="Amami-Ōshima">Amami-Ōshima</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName id="B3A7E4A7824CE2C158B14C8BE1720FCE">Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="118073D11017CB9BC9D1430D8770ECD0" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E721FB22FC55F3FC7F3CC84817E1282E">Amami-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3406CFB0982782C1C912A8FA3A35F1F" originalValue="Kasarichō">Kasarichō</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B9157C6C960F4C4C4ECA049C6BDC18A" originalValue="Ōaza">Ōaza</normalizedToken>
|
||
<location id="702233F9135552A36316ED6B11FE77B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:702233F9135552A36316ED6B11FE77B8" country="Japan" latitude="28.46221" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.65013" municipality="Amami-shi" name="Kise">Kise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0C063CA8981ED80333FAD92C40B11EF4" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
<elevation id="169CAD089B9ADC8D1EC7016351CD6466" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, at the base of tufts of grass on a sandy seashore,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1259D0FAFA46AE545E5193CF5934DCF0" degrees="28.46221" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.46221">28.46221°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C54FFC9D0DBBC8EDEE9F9CD8DD43D40A" degrees="129.65013" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="129.65013">129.65013°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="BEF95D067A93B9406E59811D1E953537" value="2021-07-13">13.Jul.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EA061B0A2B37FBF6135F33FA8BA5085B" collectingDate="2020-11-21" collectorName="Okinawa-Honto Is." country="Japan" elevation="70" latitude="26.2284" location="Sueyoshi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.71508" municipality="Naha-shi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref." typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABAA61983C9396C0D4B1ECA3F779BDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9F5C24481E11C0573EC8A4F881D06192" country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="7662EB7090F473FACBFE213B34FBBAE5">Okinawa-Honto Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="4B98BABD1DD720B79B8A70BA0EFD2FF9" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="174C8B1471E8D8A6EE5C006572A275BF">Naha-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="700F38D4E44EDC1659910DBE843A3B6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:700F38D4E44EDC1659910DBE843A3B6F" country="Japan" latitude="26.2284" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.71508" municipality="Naha-shi" name="Sueyoshi" stateProvince="Okinawa Pref.">Sueyoshi</location>
|
||
park,
|
||
<quantity id="915A6DDABFA8522F03500859977D99DE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">
|
||
<elevation id="49DD845F1BCA36C90C81F1A396FBF265" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, humid broadleaves litter under trees,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2B6F17E56F8430B04BC13745E469D25" degrees="26.22840" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.2284">26.22840°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="56CCF3AACC0996DCCECC0E9C8CB1F5D3" degrees="127.71508" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.71508">127.71508°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="E0A9B5A34CA50CE7F6B2BC26A35A98DE" value="2020-11-21">21.Nov.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A36D5E8DFE83B5016B6CA1904CCF58B1" collectingDate="2022-05-15" collectorName="F. Ballarin" country="Japan" county="Nakagami-gun" elevation="72" latitude="26.40242" location="Namihira" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.73125" municipality="Yomitan-son" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="2EAD218CCC2949F2B0C5D74C39472CA6">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<specimenCount id="29EE144787712EDB8CBA30DFB20198F4" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9BEC7C6887F14311ED2D7FECF45CC10A" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2B7EA288A213810AB67C599B6B282A4F">Nakagami-gun</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="77461E61CDD54D18C1FF4AA26C77C9F5">Yomitan-son</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F9A73B74780686209098D8F7D1A008EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:F9A73B74780686209098D8F7D1A008EA" country="Japan" county="Nakagami-gun" latitude="26.40242" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.73125" municipality="Yomitan-son" name="Namihira">Namihira</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="26B8FDF11D54A2EDFA22275A5980A3D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:26B8FDF11D54A2EDFA22275A5980A3D5" country="Japan" county="Nakagami-gun" latitude="26.40242" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.73125" municipality="Yomitan-son" name="Shimuku Gama cave">Shimuku Gama cave</location>
|
||
(シムクガマ),
|
||
<location id="F42EB7CEA92104AFB052743871146929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:F42EB7CEA92104AFB052743871146929" country="Japan" county="Nakagami-gun" latitude="26.40242" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.73125" municipality="Yomitan-son" name="Alt.">Alt.</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="D90A7F7BB26A6665345688B8831F1241" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" unit="m" value="72.0">
|
||
<elevation id="5A10968CA3C091E76398CCC9150A48CD" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, large and long cave with a creek,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6F327C73B1BACD939D12308EDFC30AC7" degrees="26.40242" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.40242">26.40242°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9C4F14D58B1FCE12391AAEE8BA08CEBA" degrees="127.73125" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.73125">127.73125°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="BD8D207341668C46015CA4FC32B09E21" value="2022-05-15">15.May.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="F50FC6ED7B1A7CCDAB6ABBEB837E2403" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Aka-jima Is.</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="BD96FE59B5FC6F1E535BE2424102283D" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8AE55DECBF11971452581324281381C2" value="2022-03-17">17.Mar.2022</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="64E94FB004F47B61DCB2BC1C9B74543C" collectingDate="2022-05-17" collectorName="Y. Suzuki, Kume-jima Is." country="Japan" county="Shimajiri-gun" elevation="3" latitude="26.32681" location="Nameless Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.77002" municipality="Gima" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="3B0F966FF39249A0E123C3A1A14EC5BA">Y. Suzuki</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (YSPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="3BB5C1EA92134FEA7199E139D460D033" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectorName id="D75339FDCD46505BF23DB7908D338FC6">Kume-jima Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="86A679D177A3779D06766BD91B2A4955" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="AC74731F85FA5A0131B3BFB37C34B197">Shimajiri-gun</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="868EADCD26CC004D90B0D28B77194B92">Gima</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A17EA990B60374AB54EAAD7C6D6C14EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:A17EA990B60374AB54EAAD7C6D6C14EC" country="Japan" county="Shimajiri-gun" latitude="26.32681" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.77002" municipality="Gima" name="Nameless Beach">Nameless Beach</location>
|
||
, under vegetation on a sandy seashore,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DC4FE7ABE1793AEBE405E4A3B6AF0D0E" degrees="26.32681" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.32681">26.32681°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABF62ED1FF2EF6308F8D7005FAFE12C8" degrees="126.77002" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.77002">126.77002°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F0E88F1A77DC753A04A51118E6307EB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:F0E88F1A77DC753A04A51118E6307EB7" country="Japan" county="Shimajiri-gun" latitude="26.32681" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.77002" municipality="Gima" name="Alt.">Alt.</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4249E735C3C8BAD810B70333C8EB7008" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FFD87669A05FA94BF280DC73FAA51C3E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="89892827B5C9FC4FABDEC2601AA404E7" value="2022-05-17">17.May.2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B57F0ACA879F67371D2E41B333CBB845" collectingDate="2020-11-13" collectorName="F. Ballarin, Miyako-jima Is." country="Japan" elevation="57" latitude="24.74853" location="Pinza-Abu cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="125.33443" municipality="Nobaru Ueno" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="BCD21BA600A895CD004044F9A2A6348E">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="1F2ABA27829859A84C019E7334C5BA97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectorName id="249263DDC4C4A94951236002D6CE6F36">Miyako-jima Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="BC9DAA0143706E9268FE06E2576FC413" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2929FE3AD3ED306020016EADC1D12BF3">Nobaru Ueno</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B0893DCA0595590040C050AD46EA8A7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:B0893DCA0595590040C050AD46EA8A7D" country="Japan" latitude="24.74853" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="125.33443" municipality="Nobaru Ueno" name="Pinza-Abu cave">Pinza-Abu cave</location>
|
||
(ピンザアブ洞穴),
|
||
<quantity id="E8A79B3387AA43416B916273578B7774" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="57.0">
|
||
<elevation id="566B0D7F2BB3EF87614111A8D1AD684F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="57.0">57 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, long and muddy cave, dark zone,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2872E70A3B40B9FE2D93313C663D68A" degrees="24.74853" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.74853">24.74853°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EF67CA15C9A27412014E292582FA1EA4" degrees="125.33443" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="125.33443">125.33443°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="22031A9396F4D304B1D40236357F09CD" value="2020-11-13">13.Nov.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2937FF83A3E66E5E4768F15BD300565C" collectingDate="2020-11-09" collectorName="F. Ballarin, Ishigaki-jima Is." country="Japan" elevation="66" latitude="24.36533" location="Daiichi-do cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.17721" municipality="Tonoshiro" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="80E26064D269BD737754A1FE61BFFED4">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="E02C671F995096AA5CE1BE28C6076435" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectorName id="C10165D52CC8946E70A30285BCE5C082">Ishigaki-jima Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="B8555BF301EF1F522430EE2978B3EE76" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="BB7A8A4ED861942A3357AE77EC2BEFAE">Tonoshiro</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C9B2C9EED85A36EA1A60917EB8918C1" originalValue="Fukubukuīzā">Fukubukuīza</normalizedToken>
|
||
<location id="A38E68014F452128E376CD4D7C2C7C3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:A38E68014F452128E376CD4D7C2C7C3C" country="Japan" latitude="24.36533" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.17721" municipality="Tonoshiro" name="Daiichi-do cave">Daiichi-do cave</location>
|
||
(フクブクイーザー第1洞),
|
||
<quantity id="AC6FFA9912302D5763DFC4F966A05968" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="m" value="66.0">
|
||
<elevation id="BA46F26539F11668729E2CF96709EA91" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="m" value="66.0">66 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, long and humid cave with a small creek,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F95BDF66D34BDF5CD6D2E898478A4273" degrees="24.36533" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.36533">24.36533°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C0687A7BD59073ECE249D3C71344CA91" degrees="124.17721" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="124.17721">124.17721°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="2FC05879864097C9547FE9F562E61B6C" value="2020-11-09">9.Nov.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8CB69FDB393B94A8A3F5E818EF237C10" collectingDate="2020-11-11" collectorName="F. Ballarin" country="Japan" elevation="66" latitude="24.36533" location="Daiichi-do cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.17721" municipality="Tonoshiro" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="DD1AE0BF09669F05F8F74E8FDF8A993A">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<specimenCount id="490122065E0E6AE1E1B6741B3BCC7C6A" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality,
|
||
<collectingDate id="68F078E03C8974D9AFAD2F08DB1301F7" value="2020-11-11">11.Nov.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F301440C0C9A164D7364E434A2BE6C0C" collectingDate="2021-03-04" collectorName="F. Ballarin, Yonaguni-jima Is." country="Japan" elevation="30" latitude="24.44499" location="Irizaki" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="122.9411" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="68873C1BE356B2FB2DAC8BF6D2021229">F. Ballarin</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (FBPC);
|
||
<emphasis id="91E386F4599B89D9D8F677002F636009" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<collectorName id="9B79B0696005D498E985561335E017CD">Yonaguni-jima Is.</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9FA2FAAC760AB628D6599BABF443D351" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9EA41178A8C3BE7E53E17B628ACF8EBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1BA6FC51FB53DD91D19C79A5126CD8:9EA41178A8C3BE7E53E17B628ACF8EBC" country="Japan" latitude="24.44499" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="122.9411" name="Irizaki">Irizaki</location>
|
||
, under stones in a meadow near the seashore,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2CBFA83643D03DDE143970C60AD2619B" degrees="24.44499" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.44499">24.44499°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A650232EF321D9535CD71B8FA5763D8F" degrees="122.9411" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="122.9411">122.9411°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="72111C7A304A2EC11B755FF1EE7A91C8" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
||
<quantity id="88920B071D28B55DB0DE392733AE332D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="29F9BEA03000B4F1F8CBFF7136BF0483" value="2021-03-04">4.Mar.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BF505ED23FB99103F9DA71C48DD105F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="41323819E47F6EBE32B1D482A09DA3F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD5F8D8570432636C8B264D19DE38F27" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
This species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B053F0D57D1E7B893D78AA885E584F17" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A8FFCF6B7F715DAD5BE05A20E79F886" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="427BF2C831902E7456A0B76F3AB42B45" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. subterranea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFFF51F4962CA063634C306A9A7EF0FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. subterranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from which it can be easily distinguished by the presence of pigmentation and well-developed eyes (vs pigmentation and eyes lacking in both the other species) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA3C265C583F38EE61A7A64C58B5D81" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1H-J</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1A40C8255906D8FB82E637257AC5A7C1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Howaia alba sp. nov. A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne (one of the paratypes), ventral view F same, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (holotype) I habitus of female (one of the paratypes) J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891286" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2H-J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D775BD172F51A28F559F5E7B160523B1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Howaia subterranea sp. nov. A habitus of female (holotype) B cephalic area of female, frontal view C habitus of female, lateral view D female epigyne, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, C); 0.2 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891287" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F004AFE1942DAF8A298A8543C56BFB0C" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D72482AF3374AE88BCAA6455BDCB58BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be separated from males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD50AEE36D76C69B73FC006E977990EF" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="A7E750FB8FF68D4E7BFE6D556225013D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by the thinner paracymbium (P) and the more squared and stockier distal process of paracymbium (Di) (vs wider P and longer and slightly sharper Di in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A3691A1212E213EF5454EED14AB7518" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE221CADEAC1D3B7D38230BAAA0732C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3D6F4C5BA077D1CB095793B3483991B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4BF43D62815FB4CFA2A0E61D2A0595B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3238A2ADC68AF696715AA3CE893A5516" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Howaia alba sp. nov. A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne (one of the paratypes), ventral view F same, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (holotype) I habitus of female (one of the paratypes) J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891286" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9B4C9B236DFA210A18AC7C35B691841" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A2AF79B65427A1964DAFEED51A3E1AA" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="270904D357424C70766B89FEB5A542CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished from females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C42334E490FB97EA67CC32F7BD8360" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A633287425C21262E44C34F0237221E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66C1CFE616069E7C9543373958B72D7B" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. subterranea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="8AC2EC4341D965105CA78852C88B370F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. subterranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by the shape of scapus (Sc), rectangular and with a flat posterior margin (vs stockier and larger Sc in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="161AB9C50643835D0CB5216A4B2C39E7" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9DDA8AFE0021344FB9DE5B07648E264" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. or longer and distally dilatated Sc in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD64C08913E446D62157F87C4A8D27B5" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. subterranea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DD79748C50DD7F919EA7952CB32E1A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. subterranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., both having a rounded posterior margin) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5DA01F46E49C96F9F491B0A98F5740D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6DA82960A1F334A71E8F0367A62B9E67" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="AA238BA2980539777D8E72944BBBB564" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Howaia alba sp. nov. A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne (one of the paratypes), ventral view F same, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (holotype) I habitus of female (one of the paratypes) J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891286" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D20603968AD7A964C1D5BEE484ED4D10" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Howaia subterranea sp. nov. A habitus of female (holotype) B cephalic area of female, frontal view C habitus of female, lateral view D female epigyne, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, C); 0.2 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891287" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="23B3DF93C24739CDB5A1C6492FEC28BB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D4331BD474EB3DD610A1056FD463A2C" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Genitalia of Nesticella okinawaensis, Howaia subterranea sp. nov., and N. occulta sp. nov. A male palp of N. okinawaensis, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view D female epigyne, ventral view; E H. subterranea sp. nov., female epigyne, ventral view F N. occulta sp. nov. female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ca - apophysis of the retrolateral process of conductor; Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di I-II - distal processes I and II of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891297" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">13E</figureCitation>
|
||
). See also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512EB6088051F3B558A97C918BA1691" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.627.8629" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 168" refId="B28" refString="Lin, YC, Ballarin, F, Li, SQ, 2016. A survey of the spider family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Asia and Madagascar, with the description of forty-three new species. ZooKeys 627: 1 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.627.8629" title="A survey of the spider family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Asia and Madagascar, with the description of forty-three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.627.8629" volume="627" year="2016">Lin et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA6B179202032204574544D3F8F2D582" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FCB234CFFB802EE80974AB5EFB61099" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other congeners of the same species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="51E3F67D9712A5B1822B1A6CBC233704" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8412793CA1371AE4BB79A7036808363A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="129C9827BE05A2D3E8AEC79BADC661A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDCAE0742A86AEABB87B548B4BEC158B" baseAuthorityName="Yaginuma" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C9E1FEB469758C875166C24FEA5272A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E94046D507DA0E61159AD9AA2C1EA9F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
male palp (holotype), ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="FC8EC404C0FD4A4654ED4FEFB1D92C95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
same, retrolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="9354E74A125FA98C341EC91D9197EBC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
same, ventro-prolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="71F2FF20085381C54831D093F0EF6615" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
same, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="EE977911F493D9BC98BAB23FE9F89546" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area)
|
||
<emphasis id="51FD4E57C608E4FC426CA4242F40A49D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
same after dissection, shape variation
|
||
<emphasis id="8BA552FDEC2D47439C512310038B184E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">G</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="453EB4088C3F3BC3CAEFC64F44271DFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area)
|
||
<emphasis id="79FE3183A99D965519C1D23D93EBFC8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">I</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of female
|
||
<emphasis id="B817A982E60E76F748D71DE4AC145FE0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">J</emphasis>
|
||
cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="1B975964A9C172473986742B779F8B2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A-G, J</emphasis>
|
||
); 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="E353D2F1D64DE3C80A607539E4E152DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H, I</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="6C96D095E45A07E60D4FA022C3561057" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891286" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="39B90320A308192BC00020FF48621D58" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="583CC830CB1248D0AB4794B05F25FE15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84100AFCF9BFAE272D8ED21996C31101" authorityName="Ballarin & Eguchi" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B9906381BC72794F571385A76E69CE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="2D97EB12D516353DF424057FA23D2F04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
male palp (holotype), ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="436DD3603E35EE7AD2F927831ABB670B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
same, retrolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="D15F628CEDF139C503F81AAECA9FEEFC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
same, ventro-prolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="23C59D06AAD62F0C00D9419A6C8F9D07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
same, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="28D0FD5AD235A8576B0B042CC433342D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
female epigyne (one of the paratypes), ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="F77027D9F0117000A80A34D3848828B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
same, shape variation
|
||
<emphasis id="8BE6225E738B5962176C0DFD8AC2DA9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">G</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="9D72B97243BCEA8F61A67432464274B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of male (holotype)
|
||
<emphasis id="C19DD46BCC18B00F83C3858AED63F591" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">I</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of female (one of the paratypes)
|
||
<emphasis id="4B0F5A4F12D0CDA3C97823678E41C57D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">J</emphasis>
|
||
cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="72FEF19A8EDFE190DC660FB3219EA2D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A-G, J</emphasis>
|
||
); 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="659A5529BE9CD9FD6C6F6B0185939CAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H, I</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BFAA790F5F7988BA7BA6779E5E23689A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891287" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB0230E7F314EE53BA6BDD5CACC549E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B046F7093F6A8E1921E6678A988898A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="058F5B95FA4C8FF2B0229BF227B2CDAC" authorityName="Ballarin & Eguchi" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia subterranea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6905745D1ED1D3A9100ED250CBFF1EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia subterranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="A118B046328A1B8E00475E67C1F2AA4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of female (holotype)
|
||
<emphasis id="3335552820191DBBC27CA916FEF36469" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
cephalic area of female, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis id="D71D3E295B32D4203D75CF874EC5F978" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of female, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="66651D8731F9469D04F5516D2BDD1142" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
female epigyne, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="DC071AA2BDDE33829B8DB6E8F218E08A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="E0215719B37486A5E801C00580C782F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="D6C4C3D25CDFB1BD3AB81FAB434EA7F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B, D, E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="68DA8C57010A03C908B23BD9E0A44943" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="550E53F9E8895F4B9DF25F2D7A8B0089" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="909725769663E2EC51A4CC59A7F2C29F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E140AF0DC2435BFF91449456ABE23CD7" baseAuthorityName="Yaginuma" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A38F78ADC0639306C72FFB96526682F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A47684922B1806EB433B28FC30AB52A" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B885B3BD7D3C4BBBD53CEBF0A0966DBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="5ABB98AEA596C65BF8BB6FBB8CC645F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
male palp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35FCD3712B31723CEF8E4F79EEA61A17" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA0BEAB50153F2C99007B498F6257493" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="DC64702E9184766064FDAEC4AADB24F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
same, retrolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="0767E4185E34C898567AB7553C761816" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
detail or paracymbium, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="71F8186F8BE4C26A67CCC21DF518320E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
female epigyne, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="32F8FA6B6B940DC30AD581AFC72C0892" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
male palp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="510934043F437FDE334C2FA20278C956" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B76AFB6276A1F403243D0687FE41ACA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="F1091CC8D9DC7EDC42F2064EE38E69E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
same, retrolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="ECF12762E8422A2F88252A77EEDC4EFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
detail or paracymbium, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="B064915E35B39483524E1E01E9473621" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H</emphasis>
|
||
female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="19118D2C3707C17D0AE92895A5242AAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="1CE737A7614AC9A5C008BE23B74C832D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Redescription of male</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC0CD4E200F653FDB5518FD380E1D31A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B5A2D43CEA2B9F21AD3D1A9C9E0ACAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">(holotype).</emphasis>
|
||
(redescription of habitus based on freshly collected specimen from Tokyo area due to the discoloration of the holotype). Habitus as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="414378D1AF8E14C0571FEDD9976C020E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1H</figureCitation>
|
||
. Total length. 1.94, Prosoma 1.10 long, 0.89 wide. Carapace rounded, yellowish with slightly darker striae. Cervical groove and fovea distinct. Eyes well developed. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.06, ALE = 0.09, PME = 0.09, PLE = 0.09, AME-ALE = 0.03, ALE-PLE = 0.00. Chelicerae, labium, maxillae, and sternum of same color as carapace. Legs uniformly yellowish. Legs measurements: I 5.07 (1.41, 0.43, 1.30, 1.24, 0.69), II 3.85 (1.10, 0.38, 0.90, 0.89, 0.58), III 3.26 (0.97, 0.33, 0.73, 0.73, 0.50), IV 4.44 (1.29, 0.40, 1.11, 1.06, 0.58). Opisthosoma uniformly dark grey with slightly lighter mark on antero-dorsal side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90326EB6B3AC75B7C7624AF1803EDB6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Male palp as in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="42BFFF502E2994F5B5837E54009F85C0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5F5AF762B87B547C896A40B736D65419" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
. Cymbium relatively elongated, 3-4 robust spines on distal-prolateral margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="323B4B360B888FD1E807BE8900058BFC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paracymbium with 1 distal (Di) and 1 ventral (Ve) processes. Distal process short, squared, and stocky, distinctly sclerotized. Ventral process sharp, spine-like, headed internally (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="9DC010C2DD6BD27287B56A88A4BA1B0B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AA8240205DD9B9D7FF094CE823CB42EC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Embolus (E) long and filiform, origin of embolus positioned at ~ 6:00
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A00F9C01531C56DBC1ACD05A05F5693A" originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
|
||
on radix (Rx). Radical apophysis (Ra) broad and dorsally flat with a granulate surface. Conductor with 3 distinct processes (Cp, Cr, Cm) and a half-transparent distal lobe (Cl). Prolateral process (Cp) flat and long, ribbon-like, headed counterclockwise, wrapped around the embolus. Retrolateral process of conductor (Cr) wide and thick, curved internally, with a broadened, flat central part. Median process of conductor (Cm) strongly sclerotized, short and stout, horn-like, ending with a blunt tip and having a smaller, stout ventral process (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1C529EE7E44F9D3B843E5BDB1407E52" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="7622336BEE2C348480CA1DAC2E538085" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5F75D05A97461921E1896BF736D856CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="D876E303706187608A104D79DF8B6199" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Redescription of female</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D98A2E5B133C7449DBC642368191167" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="65FBEAE7CC833F779F621B01F2EB118E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">(based on specimen from Tokyo).</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus as in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="509A581F1943769A0D3376FBCBFAD194" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E905F27ABEA0962A7BD3D0A9E7352BB9" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Nesticella and Howaia species in life and their natural habitats A female of H. mogera B female of N. terrestris C female of H. alba sp. nov. D female of N. occulta sp. nov. E female of N. okinawaensis F example of the epigean habitat of Nesticella species in the Ryukyus G habitat of H. alba sp nov. (dark zone of Tsuzupisuki-abu cave) H habitat of N. occulta sp. nov. (dark zone of Kabirano-ana cave) (all photos by F. Ballarin)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891299" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">15A</figureCitation>
|
||
. Total length: 2.44, Prosoma 1.19 long, 0.98 width. Cephalic area as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A84330DF4A1717D824DF9015064C3DC8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1J</figureCitation>
|
||
. Carapace piriform. Eyes measurements: AME = 0.05, ALE = 0.08, PME = 0.08, PLE = 0.08, AME-ALE = 0.04, ALE-PLE = 0.01. Legs measurements: I 4.93 (1.42, 0.44, 1.28, 1.15, 0.64), II 3.96 (1.08, 0.39, 0.85, 0.78, 0.54), III 2.88 (0.86, 0.33, 0.63, 0.62, 0.44), IV 4.22 (1.30, 0.41, 1.10, 0.89, 0.52). Coloration and other details as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0FBC0A97520EC0756A5EA73664DC675A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Epigyne and vulva as in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D3F7015AA948DE1C5D1746FE158C731" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E078F565FD28C78BF6DEEA7C58247F3F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
. Scapus (Sc) elongated antero-posteriorly, rectangular, slightly longer than wide, ending with a flat posterior margin (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B85B0E207C0F3760AD9577D4DBF7D8A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="316850F362780BDB0394E91313F98608" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genitalia of Howaia mogera and H. alba sp. nov. A male palp of H. mogera, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of H. alba sp. nov., ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di - distal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve - ventral process of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891288" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulatory opening (Co) at the inner-lateral sides of scapus. Internal ducts slightly visible through the transparent tegument, V-shaped. Copulatory ducts (Cd) straight, short, and thick, gradually diverging from each other, slightly coiled in the first half of the trait before reaching the spermathecae. Insemination ducts (Id) thin, coiled around the copulatory ducts. Spermathecae (S) small and rounded, separated from each other by ~ 1.5 their diameter (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="268933F76E84F3CB793D17C34D87C012" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A093DD97FC62D37A9043780D12781817" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4467D324A6CB70701760BECFF5C5CAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Size variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C929590F383684F2BFE013B228261C17" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Male (based on 5 specimens): total length: 1.89-2.02, prosoma length: 0.84-1.07, prosoma width: 0.76-0.85. Female (based on 10 specimens): total length: 2.08-2.88, prosoma length: 0.96-1.15; prosoma width: female: 0.87-0.96.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3C19DA87EE5D239DFD1089693F07EE11" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B32CA767C5BE6F70E9D5E63F3EE60332" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F671AD24EC31759596978D93901A8A4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
East Asia (from South China to Korea and Japan). Introduced to Europe, Azerbaijan, and several oceanic islands (Hawaii, Fiji, Reunion, St. Helena, etc.). Although it is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A598DE2E0586CAF4897324C47CB1230" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA6942A9203A415BC3DB3DADED9BB9E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is naturally distributed in Asia, its precise center of origin, as well as the time and mode of its dispersion outside the Asian continent, are still unstudied. In Japan the species is widespread along the whole country in both mainland Japan and the Ryukyus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="07F0CB43529805688598B9554E37F238" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species in mainland Japan and Ryukyu Archipelago A distribution of N. brevipes and N. terrestris in mainland Japan and neighboring countries B distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago C distribution of H. mogera in mainland Japan and neighboring countries D distribution of H. mogera in the Ryukyu Archipelago and neighboring countries. Colored squares refer to the type localities of the species, colored dots indicate the locations of specimens whose morphology has been checked during this study, dashed areas refer to the generally known distribution of the species, question marks refer to unclear distributions (see " remarks on misidentifications " of N. brevipes and N. terrestris)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891300" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BDE3D4D1AB815911B3CD283EF5C16B5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="D2389A4333A6392D44F1D633598269F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="43D67C8614001450F0486B06805AA40E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
This species has a broad environmental tolerance. In Japan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BD10D1A28A70D293B55BB6978602E38" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="22F9582E68301987B35B6DDDB7C2E3B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in a wide range of habitats, both natural and artificial, including caves, mines, artificial tunnels, small animal burrows, forest leaf litter, humid meadows, paddy fields, marshes, urban parks, greenhouses, vegetated seashores, coastal environments, etc.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F1A76D5203F20564977A4C6D32E05C8" baseAuthorityName="Yaginuma" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF4D719EED5B789AFF55B193EF3DAB73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually builds simple scaffold webs in external habitats, under superficial stones, in empty spaces among the leaf litter or at the base of tufts of grass. Apparently, the populations living in mainland Japan are found less commonly in caves or cave-like habitats. In contrast, in addition to epigean environments, the populations living in the Ryukyu islands can be found more frequently in natural subterranean habitats, dwelling in both the twilight and dark areas of caves and tunnels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1C602EBF9193D761505E250C51284065" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="AAEE50B905546E948417558C1D4E1D4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Remarks on intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254FECCD127AB20BCBA6886BF915945B" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Coloration and pattern of the opisthosoma can be rather variable, depending on the population or individual. Usually, populations living in mainland Japan show a darker habitus with an opisthosoma uniformly black or dark grey, sometimes having one or few small lighter marks on the dorsal side (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="41833213D717DBEEE69B76C7F555F7FE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F36912C3741C04DAD7AB0F5AFECE37F2" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Nesticella and Howaia species in life and their natural habitats A female of H. mogera B female of N. terrestris C female of H. alba sp. nov. D female of N. occulta sp. nov. E female of N. okinawaensis F example of the epigean habitat of Nesticella species in the Ryukyus G habitat of H. alba sp nov. (dark zone of Tsuzupisuki-abu cave) H habitat of N. occulta sp. nov. (dark zone of Kabirano-ana cave) (all photos by F. Ballarin)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891299" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Instead, individuals living in the Ryukyus seems to show a lighter pattern bearing several larger greyish dorsal marks, often merged together forming a continuous median stripe. Such pattern is shared by the southern Chinese populations (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A20F85746D6E631D1FAEE7A14E0632FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" author="Liu, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="501 - 547" refId="B29" refString="Liu, J, Li, SQ, 2013. New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China. Zootaxa 3613 (6): 501 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" title="New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" volume="3613" year="2013">Liu and Li 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 18B). Legs are usually uniformly yellowish; however, some individuals show a faint darker annulation on the distal part of femur and tibia. The shape of scapus can also be slightly variable among individuals or populations, ranging from strongly rectangular to slightly inverted-trapezoidal or shorter and more squared, more rarely with strongly rounded distal margin (e.g., see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9DBBC658BE4EC4D00B7564A62EA92BB0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891285" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="583E22EACE3ACEA4D5B7FD30A3216637" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" author="Liu, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="501 - 547" refId="B29" refString="Liu, J, Li, SQ, 2013. New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China. Zootaxa 3613 (6): 501 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" title="New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" volume="3613" year="2013">Liu and Li 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 18C, D).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA7BDAF40DB0239F8B90BB3D788DF36D" author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="619 - 622" refId="B58" refString="Yaginuma, T, 1972. Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo 15: 619 - 622" title="Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan." volume="15" year="1972">Yaginuma (1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 620) illustrated a scapus with a strongly triangular shape for the paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4421C4D8E895C4FD2675A1DB3B3AA82" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B32969F9C57C3C0A374A2F0F164E33BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Such extreme shape is abnormal and never observed by us in any of the examined specimens. In addition, the drawing by Yaginuma does not perfectly match with the shape of the scapus of the original sample (paratype NMST-Ar.74 from Tenryu-shi) which shows a normal rectangularly-shaped scapus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A300CD2C3C0C6F4A97F6C724752DFE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="B905A7AF06A449DC3080BD02DDEC0A0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Remarks on misidentifications.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A8423D330DF300AE68CC748E9FA4265D" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96B5967316B8169BFA69206F4606F91F" baseAuthorityName="Yaginuma" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="86F69AFBCD26A8E6CF47CB5345FA2722" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially misidentified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AAC29C8A70C1D92EFBCA2C2CD866B537" author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="385 - 394" refId="B57" refString="Yaginuma, T, 1970. Two new species of small nesticid spiders of Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo 13: 385 - 394" title="Two new species of small nesticid spiders of Japan." volume="13" year="1970">Yaginuma (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and described as the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4CF9E98B5FCCF8CDF77C9C63CFC3294" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="57433A8FD106B181BAA180210BA878F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59BA3A63125DB993F33C0A8E334E50BD" authorityName="Lehtinen & Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D490C8DBE52AF01046BB094BE3FD6CF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="484C05C98A5DBA047FD458C2B5DCB0E2" authorityName="Yaginuma" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus terrestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AAF31C23A8B40A1B5F82F7C5A2EDE2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticus terrestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a specimen from Tamagawa, Tokyo. Soon after Yaginuma recognized the mistake and described the species as new based on the same male together with a female specimen from Shizuoka (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0445842BE2103F573D27259260BAA71" author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="619 - 622" refId="B58" refString="Yaginuma, T, 1972. Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo 15: 619 - 622" title="Revision of the short-legged nesticid spiders of Japan." volume="15" year="1972">Yaginuma 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Until now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D9F1AE18ABA5EB9F71874F1EA6BE1B5" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="52580CB374C27C696549587E88EE5D97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in several different countries and redescribed and illustrated numerous times by different authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7DAECF8DA1E31DEDE17BF2771B39D61A" author="Wang, LY" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B55" refString="2023. . http://wsc.nmbe.ch" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2023">World Spider Catalog 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, these descriptions were all based on specimens collected far from the type locality, in different Asian countries (e.g., Korea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3096C4B288AE4B5C40A6D389091B9013" author="Kim, JP" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="183 - 187" refId="B23" refString="Kim, JP, Yoo, YS, Lee, YB, 1999. A newly recorded species of the genus Nesticella (Aranea, Nesticidae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 15: 183 - 187" title="A newly recorded species of the genus Nesticella (Aranea, Nesticidae) in Korea." volume="15" year="1999">Kim et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D5ADC7907C0D0A0675812454D537D34" author="Kim, ST" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Fauna of Korea" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B22" refString="Kim, ST, Lee, SY, 2018. Spiders IV. Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Atypidae, Scytodidae, Nesticidae, Anapidae, Ctenidae, Hahniidae, Miturgidae, Liocranidae, Trochanteriidae. Invertebrate Fauna of Korea 21 (45): 1 - 79" title="Spiders IV. Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Atypidae, Scytodidae, Nesticidae, Anapidae, Ctenidae, Hahniidae, Miturgidae, Liocranidae, Trochanteriidae." volume="21" year="2018">Kim and Lee 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; China:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51FAA771B226CB6077C8E727C0E5B432" author="Gong, MX" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B13" refString="Gong, MX, Zhu, CD, 1982. [Description of Nesticus mogera Yaginuma (Araneae: Nesticidae) from China]. Journal of the Bethune Medical University 8: 62. [In Chinese]" title="[Description of Nesticus mogera Yaginuma (Araneae: Nesticidae) from China]. Journal of the Bethune Medical University 8: 62. [In Chinese]" year="1982">Gong and Zhu 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DEEFCEF9CA0827EDADB621E3B029796E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" author="Liu, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="501 - 547" refId="B29" refString="Liu, J, Li, SQ, 2013. New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China. Zootaxa 3613 (6): 501 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" title="New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.1" volume="3613" year="2013">Liu and Li 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or based on introduced populations (e.g., Fiji Is.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C40D82B985A628CFA206C031E53BF45" author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="47 - 66" refId="B27" refString="Lehtinen, PT, Saaristo, MI, 1980. Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. II. Nesticidae. Annales Zoologici Fennici 17: 47 - 66" title="Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. II. Nesticidae." volume="17" year="1980">Lehtinen and Saaristo 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hawaii Is.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC6A20B65E3AA0E0D97715CC3460732B" author="Gertsch, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B12" refString="Gertsch, WJ, 1984. The spider family Nesticidae (Araneae) in North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum 31: 1 - 91" title="The spider family Nesticidae (Araneae) in North America, Central America, and the West Indies." volume="31" year="1984">Gertsch 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Azeirbaijan: Marusik and Guiseinov 2003; Poland:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7BD4D94A513A0E5B729697FCF5300E9D" author="Bielak-Bielecki, P" journalOrPublisher="Acta Biologica, Uniwersytet Szczecinski" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="137 - 141" refId="B6" refString="Bielak-Bielecki, P, Rozwalka, R, 2011. Nesticella mogera (Yaginuma, 1972) (Araneae: Nesticidae) in Poland. Zeszyty Naukowe. Acta Biologica, Uniwersytet Szczecinski 18: 137 - 141" title="Nesticella mogera (Yaginuma, 1972) (Araneae: Nesticidae) in Poland. Zeszyty Naukowe." volume="18" year="2011">Bielak-Bielecki and Rozwalka 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Italy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F489E1514EEE20D8D9EBD967FFD6011A" author="Pantini, P" journalOrPublisher="Rivista del Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali " Enrico Caffi ", Bergamo" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="25 - 32" refId="B36" refString="Pantini, P, Bonelli, D, Bonacci, T, 2020. I ragni epigei (Arachnida, Araneae) di un ambiente litoraneo della Calabria. Rivista del Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "Enrico Caffi", Bergamo 32: 25 - 32" title="I ragni epigei (Arachnida, Araneae) di un ambiente litoraneo della Calabria." volume="32" year="2020">Pantini et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Herein, for the first time after the original description, we illustrate and redescribe the holotype and additional specimens from the type locality area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF61501E57752CBA899C73A780712EB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
In the past, the lack of information about the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1FD2686109DDFCA5F9E63F4E35D9DFC" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="44F827CF69DF7A3CBC8FA63F6F0DECEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in general on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59D5F21D5DFF3957EF4377559D4B889D" authorityName="Lehtinen & Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D3B782AF07EC5E344F38637C296C598" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, has been the cause of misidentifications by senior arachnologists, sometimes confusing this species with other similar congeners. For example, the male of the blind
|
||
<taxonomicName id="895215F61CE1D96D42CDEB9DB3FAA282" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEB35475C07AC170608F9FEA01C6CB09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from Miyako-jima Is. illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F084F2944353F61C3C0BFCF91407B3C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.27.Specialnumber_337" author="Shimojana, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B45" refString="Shimojana, M, 1977. Preliminary report on the cave spider fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago. Acta Arachnologica 27(Spec. No.): 337-365. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.27.Specialnumber_337" title="Preliminary report on the cave spider fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago. Acta Arachnologica 27 (Spec. No.): 337 - 365." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.27.Specialnumber_337" year="1977">Shimojana (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refers to the newly described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="479D7B3D6A611B36DEBD5C757CBB1523" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. alba" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="74DD45BC82F278B57B55995764CD711A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C199FFF280E7F0C4270CB9FD9CFD0DFA" author="Paik, KY" journalOrPublisher="Korean Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="71 - 75" refId="B35" refString="Paik, KY, 1996. A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea. Korean Arachnology 12 (2): 71 - 75" title="A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea." volume="12" year="1996">Paik (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD95C57D494E0F1CDD025C3DC2EECA84" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9660328F0DF54051E9A38AA17EBCDAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="394416D74A2D59309D155016294F6249" authorityName="Lehtinen & Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AFA958B7D6F4BAF14FAFB88819D94E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC2058E82D71D77F2DF6C0878B0D9D6" authorityName="Yaginuma" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticus brevipes" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="E7D8C273C634B624A4054796BA08846C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticus brevipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South Korea based on female specimens. The illustrated samples do not match the morphology of this species (cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="35F6A5390E640C229CB78897D8F14A71" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Nesticella brevipes A male palp (paratype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne (holotype), ventral view F same, female from Kyushu G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (old specimen from Kyushu); I habitus of female (specimen from Shikoku); J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - copulatory opening; Id - insemination duct; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891289" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5I, E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6A9E83A1B73569EE3A769753B9F38AE4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Nesticella brevipes and N. terrestris A male palp of N. brevipes, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view E female epigyne, ventral view E male palp of N. terrestris, ventral view F same, retrolateral view C detail or paracymbium, dorsal view H female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl - lobe of conductor; Cm - median process of conductor; Co - copulatory opening; Cp - prolateral process of conductor; Cr - retrolateral process of conductor; Di I-II - distal process (es) I and II of paracymbium; Do - dorsal process of paracymbium; E - embolus; P - paracymbium; Ra - radical apophysis; Rx - radix; S - spermatheca; Sc - scapus; Sd - sperm duct; St - subtegulum; Te - tegulum; Ve I-II - ventral processes I and II of paracymbium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891291" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="792FF3C811BC2F476FF51A662ED82F58" author="Paik, KY" journalOrPublisher="Korean Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="71 - 75" refId="B35" refString="Paik, KY, 1996. A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea. Korean Arachnology 12 (2): 71 - 75" title="A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea." volume="12" year="1996">Paik 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1-10) and probably they refer to more than one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58FF012202297306CC07E7863DA887F5" authorityName="Lehtinen & Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesticella" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF0A6F757BFEEFF7CEDE4B6465A32F57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nesticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="672C9ECE6BDDBEFF33C00F9A81F74AE3" authorityName="Lehtinen & Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9089E5515112725CF01010945FB5318" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among them, the shape of epigyne and internal ducts of the specimens of the so-called groups A or B fits well with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="334797DFB331E48785EA71474064C507" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="3577FE2EAC22C393FBD33BAB325697D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4FCBD245934E7A68C1EBDA887EA902EC" author="Paik, KY" journalOrPublisher="Korean Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="71 - 75" refId="B35" refString="Paik, KY, 1996. A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea. Korean Arachnology 12 (2): 71 - 75" title="A newly record species of the genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Korea." volume="12" year="1996">Paik 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6, 9, 10). Illustration of the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F10E38476D0965D7A10E00031CB6F957" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
|
||
<emphasis id="75FFB865FB56139B59447515F12A1BEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4043EA1BDBBC7F463599668FA981ADBB" author="Zhu, MS" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B65" refString="Zhu, MS, Zhang, BS, 2011. Spider Fauna of Henan: Arachnida: Araneae. Science Press, Beijing" title="Spider Fauna of Henan: Arachnida: Araneae." year="2011">Zhu and Zhang (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 34A-C), clearly do not refer to this species, the illustrated epigyne and vulva being morphologically different from those found in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5873D535BCCB373AE8B3606037DFBC5" authorityName="Lehtinen & Saaristo" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Howaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Howaia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A128E7165C69D82C5CC052ABE2A0E3DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Howaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2203453EA611AE4BA2E4B6E359C59CB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="A506321935B262485BA5B36D6F1ABECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Remarks on phylogeny and biogeography.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="7CC31E92DEA31ABF1D50BE16A570D386" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
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Previous molecular analyses suggest that populations of
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<taxonomicName id="30E17CE910D7B9657D081649FF7EADC7" family="Nesticidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. mogera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="mogera">
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<emphasis id="D822B9B7EDAC8C15E31CF5747ECE819A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">H. mogera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Eastern Asia group into two well-distinct subclades with non-overlapping distribution, distributed respectively in North-Eastern Asia (= north clade) and South China (= south clade) (
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<bibRefCitation id="C29F57A01C29000DABA376E1AC8CADE2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-183" author="Zhang, Y" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B63" refString="Zhang, Y, Li, S, 2013. Ancient lineage, young troglobites: Recent colonization of caves by Nesticella spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13 (1): 1 - 10, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-183" title="Ancient lineage, young troglobites: Recent colonization of caves by Nesticella spiders." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-183" volume="13" year="2013">Zhang and Li 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="020F1CE035D8DA73714D7CF1E07267C8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13958" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Global Change Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" pagination="577 - 591" refId="B4" refString="Ballarin, F, Li, SQ, 2018. Diversification in tropics and subtropics following the mid-Miocene climate change: A case study of the spider genus Nesticella. Global Change Biology 24 (2): 577 - 591, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13958" title="Diversification in tropics and subtropics following the mid-Miocene climate change: A case study of the spider genus Nesticella." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13958" volume="24" year="2018">Ballarin and Li 2018</bibRefCitation>
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; this work). In Japan both these two clades are apparently present. The north clade is distributed in mainland Japan covering the islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Its southernmost boundary seems to correspond to the island of Yakushima (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="933F087DC98D3CE36672E0B229BBE144" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species in mainland Japan and Ryukyu Archipelago A distribution of N. brevipes and N. terrestris in mainland Japan and neighboring countries B distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago C distribution of H. mogera in mainland Japan and neighboring countries D distribution of H. mogera in the Ryukyu Archipelago and neighboring countries. Colored squares refer to the type localities of the species, colored dots indicate the locations of specimens whose morphology has been checked during this study, dashed areas refer to the generally known distribution of the species, question marks refer to unclear distributions (see " remarks on misidentifications " of N. brevipes and N. terrestris)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891300" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">16C</figureCitation>
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). The south clade shares the same genetic pattern of the southern China populations (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="CDB698130A2017DD4745A300E8C55B40" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Combined phylogenetic tree based on COI gene fragment reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML and Bayesian inference (BI) on MrBayes. Support at each node denotes the ML bootstrap value (BV) and BI posterior probability (PP). Nodes highly supported by at least one method (BV ≥ 70 or PP ≥ 0.95) are highlighted by a black dot. Branch lengths were scaled concerning the number of substitutions per site. Each species corresponding to monophyletic clades are represented with different branch colors, species from Japan are highlighted with a colored background: red = H. mogera, azure = H. alba sp. nov., yellow = N. occulta sp. nov., violet = N. insulana sp. nov., light green = N. silvicola sp. nov., blue = N. brevipes, orange = N. terrestris, dark green = N. okinawaensis. The tree is rooted using the species Wraios longiembolus. The right lines denote the results of the species delimitation analysis based on morphological (MO) and molecular (ASAP, mPTP, and bPTP) data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891298" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">14</figureCitation>
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) and it is widespread along the whole Ryukyus and in the island of Hachijo-jima Is., south of Tokyo (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="91B4461EC879C27C3FA37729412230BF" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species in mainland Japan and Ryukyu Archipelago A distribution of N. brevipes and N. terrestris in mainland Japan and neighboring countries B distribution of Nesticella and Howaia species endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago C distribution of H. mogera in mainland Japan and neighboring countries D distribution of H. mogera in the Ryukyu Archipelago and neighboring countries. Colored squares refer to the type localities of the species, colored dots indicate the locations of specimens whose morphology has been checked during this study, dashed areas refer to the generally known distribution of the species, question marks refer to unclear distributions (see " remarks on misidentifications " of N. brevipes and N. terrestris)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891300" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">16C, D</figureCitation>
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). The presence of the south clade in Hachijo-jima Is., far away from the other known records, suggests a possible artificial introduction to this island. Some degrees of genetic difference (2.5-3.7%) and slight variations in the body pattern and habitat preference can be observed in populations belonging to the two clades (see remarks on habitat and variation discussed above). Nevertheless, no clear distinct morphological differences are observed in their genitalia. The result of our species delimitation analysis only partially supports them as two distinct species (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="992818690D883490C0D894F512A8FBAF" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Combined phylogenetic tree based on COI gene fragment reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) on RAxML and Bayesian inference (BI) on MrBayes. Support at each node denotes the ML bootstrap value (BV) and BI posterior probability (PP). Nodes highly supported by at least one method (BV ≥ 70 or PP ≥ 0.95) are highlighted by a black dot. Branch lengths were scaled concerning the number of substitutions per site. Each species corresponding to monophyletic clades are represented with different branch colors, species from Japan are highlighted with a colored background: red = H. mogera, azure = H. alba sp. nov., yellow = N. occulta sp. nov., violet = N. insulana sp. nov., light green = N. silvicola sp. nov., blue = N. brevipes, orange = N. terrestris, dark green = N. okinawaensis. The tree is rooted using the species Wraios longiembolus. The right lines denote the results of the species delimitation analysis based on morphological (MO) and molecular (ASAP, mPTP, and bPTP) data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/891298" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">14</figureCitation>
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). It is possible that they represent two cryptic species or, more likely, an early stage of species differentiation which is still in progress nowadays.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |