263 lines
24 KiB
XML
263 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1111-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" ID-ZooBank="3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1111-43" checkinTime="1657577097621" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blahnik, Roger & Andersen, Trond" docDate="2022" docId="EC00EAB73FE9519494D6D1E12EB7C761" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1111: 43-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1111" docPubDate="2022-07-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586" docTitle="Chimarra fallax" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68" masterDocTitle="New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1657577401209" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>New species of the genus Chimarra Stephens from Africa (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) and characterization of the African groups and subgroups of the genus</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Blahnik, Roger</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., 219 Hodson Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-1870</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">trond.andersen@uib.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2022-07-11</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1111</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>198</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1111-43</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3FAAEA839E8141A99B868576F8A1F33A</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6E23DAFA45395554A61E23AD4B06AD68</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC00EAB73FE9519494D6D1E12EB7C761" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC00EAB73FE9519494D6D1E12EB7C761" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="EC00EAB7-3FE9-5194-94D6-D1E12EB7C761" authority="(Ulmer, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">Chimarra fallax (Ulmer, 1912)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 10. Chimarra fallax (Ulmer), ♂ genitalia A lateral B dorsal, segments IX and X C inferior appendage, dorsal D segment IX and inferior appendages, ventral E phallus, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711476" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 10A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Wormaldia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wormaldia fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">Wormaldia fallax</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ulmer, 1912: 84-85, figs 5-8a.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">Chimarrha fallax</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ulmer):
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1958.20414" author="Marlier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="108 - 120" refId="B51" refString="Marlier, G, 1959. Mission du Museum dans les Iles du Golfe de Guinee. Entomologie XII (1). Trichopteres de Sao Tome. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 63 (1958): 108 - 120, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1958.20414" title="Mission du Museum dans les Iles du Golfe de Guinee. Entomologie XII (1). Trichopteres de Sao Tome." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1958.20414" volume="63" year="1959">Marlier 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(distribution: Sao
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B18" refString="Fischer, FCJ, 1961. Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. II Philopotamidae, Hydroptilidae, Stenopsychidae. Nederlandische Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. II Philopotamidae, Hydroptilidae, Stenopsychidae. Nederlandische Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." year="1961">Fischer 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, FCJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B19" refString="Fischer, FCJ, 1971. Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. XII Supplement to Vols I and II. Nederlandische Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus, Vol. XII Supplement to Vols I and II. Nederlandische Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." year="1971">Fischer 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 210.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra lukawei" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lukawei">Chimarra lukawei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jacquemart, 1961a: 40, fig. 27a. Syn. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra lukawei" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lukawei">Chimarra lukawei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jacquemart: Jacquemart, 1961b: 230;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jacquemart, S" journalOrPublisher="de Saeger" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="35 - 56" refId="B33" refString="Jacquemart, S, 1966a. Trichoptera. Parc National de la Garamba. Mission H. de Saeger 51: 35 - 56" title="Trichoptera. Parc National de la Garamba. Mission H." volume="51" year="1966 a">Jacquemart 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 49, fig. 14A-B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.023" author="Wahlberg, E" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="433 - 442" refId="B74" refString="Wahlberg, E, Johanson, KA, 2014. The age, ancestral distribution and radiation of Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) using molecular methods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 433 - 442, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.023" title="The age, ancestral distribution and radiation of Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) using molecular methods." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.023" volume="79" year="2014">Wahlberg and Johanson 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 437-439, figs 1-3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" author="Gibon, F-M" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 127" refId="B26" refString="Gibon, F-M, 2018. The Chimarra of the georgensis and fallax species groups in Madagascar (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae). Oriental Insects 52 (2): 113 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" title="The Chimarra of the georgensis and fallax species groups in Madagascar (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2017.1379448" volume="52" year="2018">Gibon 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 123-124, figs 1B, 3B-D, 5 (distribution: Madagascar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacquemart" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra lukawaei" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lukawaei">Chimarra lukawaei</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic] Jacquemart:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Morse, JC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://entweb.sites.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/" refId="B57" refString="Morse, JC, 2021. Trichoptera world checklist. http://entweb.sites.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/" title="Trichoptera world checklist." url="http://entweb.sites.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/" year="2021">Morse 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[also, many online taxonomic resources using the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
World Checklist as a source].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chimarra</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. AK: Gibon & Elouard, 1996: 510.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-11-08" collectingDateMax="1994-11-15" collectingDateMin="1994-11-08" collectorName="T Andersen" country="Ghana" latitude="5.35" location="Central Reg." longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-1.3666667" municipality="Kakum Forest Reserve" specimenCount="69" specimenCount-female="41" specimenCount-male="28">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC00EAB73FE9519494D6D1E12EB7C761:3E4A7358E02D56F65489F83EE74A9622" country="Ghana" latitude="5.35" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-1.3666667" municipality="Kakum Forest Reserve" name="Central Reg.">Central Reg.</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
●
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">28♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">41♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Kakum Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.35">5°21'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-1.3666667">1°22'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="1994-11-08" valueMax="1994-11-15" valueMin="1994-11-08">8-15 Nov. 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>T Andersen</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1993-12-06" collectingDateMax="1993-12-12" collectingDateMin="1993-12-06" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="T Andersen, J Kjaerandsen" country="Ghana" latitude="5.25" location="Western Reg." longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="Ankasa Game Production Reserve" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
; ZMBN ●
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding; UMSP. -
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC00EAB73FE9519494D6D1E12EB7C761:4424164382EED681D234E99A310B1AD5" country="Ghana" latitude="5.25" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="Ankasa Game Production Reserve" name="Western Reg.">Western Reg.</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
●
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">5♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Ankasa Game Production Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.25">5°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-2.6166668">2°37'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="1993-12-06" valueMax="1993-12-12" valueMin="1993-12-06">6-12 Dec. 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>T Andersen</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
J
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kjærandsen">Kjaerandsen</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1993-12-09" collectingDateMax="1993-12-12" collectingDateMin="1993-12-06" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="T Andersen & J Kjaerandsen" country="Ghana" latitude="5.25" location="Western Reg." longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-2.6166668" municipality="Ankasa Game Production Reserve" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
; ZMBN ●
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for preceding except
|
||
<collectingDate value="1993-12-09">9 Dec. 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; light trap; ZMBN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1111.77586.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/711476" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 10" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarra fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarra fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ulmer),
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
genitalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal, segments IX and X
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
inferior appendage, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
segment IX and inferior appendages, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
|
||
phallus, lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Inferior appendage short and rounded apically; phallobase with ventral apex short and only weakly projecting, not enlarged apically; phallic spines both relatively elongate and narrow, differing in length; periphallic processes fused mesally, comparatively narrow and weakly developed; posteroventral margin of sternum VIII distinctly projecting.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarrha fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup, the distinguishing feature of this species is the relatively short inferior appendages with apices that appear rounded in lateral view. The only evident difference in the illustrations provided for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. lukawei" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="lukawei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. lukawei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the more prominent dorsal spine-like projections of tergum X in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopotamidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The difference is minor, and we do not consider it to be of species-level significance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Within the group of taxa assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarrha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chimarrha fallax" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Chimarrha fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup with a spine-like modification to the lateral lobes of tergum X, it is the only species in which the ventral apex of the phallobase is weakly or only moderately projecting; the periphallic processes are also much less developed than in the other species. Thus, it probably represents a basal species of this clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||
Overall color (in alcohol) yellowish brown, appendages slightly paler. Head relatively short (postocular parietal sclerite <1/2 diameter of eye). Palps relatively short; maxillary palp with 1st segment very short (approximately as long as wide), 2nd segment moderately elongate, apex with small cluster of stiff setae, 3rd segment subequal to segment 2, 4th segment short (~
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of segment 2), 5th segment subequal to 2nd or 3rd. Forewing length: male, 5.0-6.0 mm; female 5.5-6.5 mm. Fore- and hind wings with forks I, II, III, and V present. Forewing with R1 very sinuous, stem of Rs inflected at past midlength (with distinct small node at inflection), basal fork of discoidal cell distinctly enlarged, fork asymmetric, length of cell ~ 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width, forks I and II both subsessile,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein diagonal, intersecting discoidal cell at past midlength,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
, crossveins linear,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
|
||
crossvein more proximal,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">s</emphasis>
|
||
pigmented (like wing),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">m</emphasis>
|
||
crossveins hyaline, 2A with crossvein (apparently forked apically to 1A and 3A). Hind wing with R1 reduced, but evident, narrowly parallel to subcosta, forks I and II strongly subsessile, fork III distal and relatively wide, anal loop small. Forelegs with apical tibial spur short; male with tarsal claws unmodified, apical segments of tarsi narrow, claws small and symmetrical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Segment VIII with sternum relatively short, ventrally with distinct projection from posterior margin, tergum slightly longer, expanded dorsally. Segment IX, in lateral view, with anteroventral margin weakly produced, anterior margin with angular inflection in ventral
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
, weakly concave and narrowing dorsally; tergum short dorsolaterally, with short, rounded apodemes, obsolete mesally between apodemes; posterior margin nearly linear; ventral margin sloping, more or less linear, with inferior appendages mounted high on segment (nearly midlaterally), basally with elongate, narrow ventral process near base, apex of process acute as viewed laterally, rounded as viewed ventrally, apicoventral surface of ventral process roughened and file-like; anterior margin of sternum subtruncate as viewed dorsally or ventrally. Lateral lobes of tergum X formed into short, narrow, sclerotized, dorsolaterally curved spine-like processes; dorsum of tergum X relatively short, membranous; tergum ventrally with relatively narrow, projecting, mesally fused, sclerotized, periphallic process, subtending phallic apparatus. Preanal appendages short and knob-like, distinctly flattened, membranous basally, but fused laterally to periphallic process. Inferior appendage relatively short, with pronounced basal inflection, apex dorsally inflected, broadly rounded, cupped (concave on mesal surface); as viewed ventrally, with weakly sclerotized projections near base and before midlength (projections not evident in lateral view); mesal surface without projections or ridges. Phallic apparatus with phallobase tubular, with usual basodorsal expansion, apicoventral margin not, or only weakly, projecting; endotheca with two asymmetrically positioned spines of moderate length, membrane textured with small spines, phallotremal sclerite complex composed of short rod and ring structure, with small preapical sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Madagascar, Sao
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |