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<mods:title id="FB6437777FC5757B3C17CD880F125AD5">An identification guide to the genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of south-east Asia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="E31D87D42E6DFFD020ECFCA8B41CC71F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13628423" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240043146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13628423" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E31D87D42E6DFFD020ECFCA8B41CC71F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E31D87D42E6DFFD020ECFCA8B41CC71F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<subSubSection id="23AE65492E6DFFDF20ECFCA8B6A5C174" box="[151,493,820,846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECFCA8B6A5C174" blockId="6.[151,493,820,846]" box="[151,493,820,846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="304381AE2E6DFFDF20ECFCA8B6A5C174" bold="true" box="[151,493,820,846]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" reason="1">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF20ECFCA8B6A5C174" bold="true" box="[151,493,820,846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF20ECFCA8B676C174" ID-CoL="9G28P" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,318,820,846]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF2131FCA8B6A5C174" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1950" box="[330,493,820,846]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentaneurini">Pentaneurini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="23AE65492E6DFFD020ECFCE0B41CC71F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="key">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECFCE0B441C638" blockId="6.[151,1437,892,1026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
The
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF20B1FCE0B610C1AC" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1950" box="[202,344,892,918]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentaneurini">Pentaneurini</taxonomicName>
is the most diverse tribe of
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF22F4FCE0B46AC1AC" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[655,802,892,918]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
, regionally with at least 14 genera known as larvae, plus several informally recognised additional morphotypes (not keyed). Most genera are widely distributed including in oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF2169FC58B61DC1E4" box="[274,341,964,990]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">China</collectingCountry>
and beyond in the Palaearctic and Australian regions. The
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF2383FC58B389C1E4" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1957" box="[1016,1217,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Thienemannimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF2383FC58B389C1E4" box="[1016,1217,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Thienemannimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of genera is difficult to separate and may require pupal associations.
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="D0402E672E6DFFDF20ECFBB1B2D4C665" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<key id="1F2561F32E6DFFDF20ECFBB1B2D4C665" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECFBB1B2D4C678" blockId="6.[151,1436,1069,1120]" box="[151,1436,1069,1091]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<keyLead id="D04595F72E6DFFDF20ECFBB1B2D4C678" box="[151,1436,1069,1091]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
1 Palp basal segment with 2 or more sclerotized sections (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF2287FBB1B42BC678" box="[764,867,1069,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
)............................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="D04595F72E6DFFDF20ECFBD6B2D4C665" box="[151,1436,1098,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
1 Palp with single sclerotised basal segment (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF22FFFBD6B586C665" box="[644,718,1098,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).......................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECFB19B20EC6EF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1157,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
2(1) Palp with 2 unequal segments, base of divided 1st segment less than 0.5 length of apical part (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF242DFB19B3EBC6A0" box="[1110,1187,1157,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Pseudoradula broadened posteriorly, granulation diffuse (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF226CFB3EB52AC68D" box="[535,610,1186,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
)..............................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF24DFFB3EB229C682" ID-CoL="63WWM" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1188,1377,1186,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF24DFFB3EB25FC68D" box="[1188,1303,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Zavrelimyia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
(part) [syn.
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF216CFB5CB6C3C6EF" box="[279,395,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Paramerina</emphasis>
Fittkau, may be treated as s.g.; lotic, widespread regional;
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF23B9FB5CB4B4C6EF" box="[962,1020,1216,1237]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Japan</collectingCountry>
; Holarctic, Neotropical,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF249DFB23B209C6EF" box="[1254,1345,1215,1237]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Australia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECFB41B66EC752" blockId="6.[151,1437,1157,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
2 Palp multisegmented; if only 2 segments then parts subequal or greater than 0.5 length of apical segment; in some spp. with&gt; 2 segments, basal segment may be short (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF2208FB66B5F7C735" box="[627,703,1274,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Pseudoradula not broad posteriorly, granulation often in longitudinal rows (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF2092FA8BB675C717" box="[233,317,1303,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,181,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@4.[198,1390,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Subfamily key. Tanypodinae, Ablabesmyia, (A) ventral head, (B) ligula. Chironominae, Conochironomus, (C) mentum,(D)ventromentalplate;Shangomyia, (E)mentumandventromentalplate;Stenochironomus,(F)mentum.Prodiamesinae, Prodiamesa, (G) ventral head. Buchonomyiinae, Buchonomyia, (H) labrum, (I) habitus. Telmatogetoninae, Telmatogeton, (J) anterior labrum. Podonominae, Paraboreochlus, (K) posterior body; Boreochlus, (L) antenna. Telmatogetoninae, Telmatogeton, (M) antenna. Prodiamesinae, Prodiamesa, (N) antenna. Diamesinae, Diamesa, (O) antenna, (P) mid-mentum, hypopharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618247/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF213CFA84B62BC717" box="[327,355,1304,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">4E</figureCitation>
)......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF24CDFA8BB2D4C717" authority="Johannsen" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1206,1436,1303,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Ablabesmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF24CDFA8BB27AC716" box="[1206,1330,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Ablabesmyia</emphasis>
Johannsen
</taxonomicName>
[lentic, lotic, abundant, speciose, s.g.
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF2223FAA9B400C770" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H." box="[600,840,1333,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="39 - 136" refId="ref39351" refString="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (2013) The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - keys and diagnoses. Insect Systematics and Evolution Supplements, 66, 39 - 136." type="journal article" year="2013">Cranston &amp; Epler, 2013</bibRefCitation>
; oriental region,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF2389FAA9B3DDC770" author="Niitsuma, H." box="[1010,1173,1333,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="479 - 504" refId="ref42847" refString="Niitsuma, H. (2013) Revision of the Japanese Ablabesmyia (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 3664 (4), 479 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.4.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Niitsuma (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF24D9FAA9B2D0C770" author="Niitsuma, H. &amp; Tang H." box="[1186,1432,1333,1355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="248 - 270" refId="ref43016" refString="Niitsuma, H. &amp; Tang H. (2019) Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa, 4564 (1), 248 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4564.1.9" type="journal article" year="2019">Niitsuma &amp; Tang (2019)</bibRefCitation>
; global]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECFA11B43BC7C1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1421,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
3(1) Ligula with median tooth longer than inner teeth, reaching or surpassing level of outer teeth (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF241EFA11B3E6C798" box="[1125,1198,1421,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). SSm strongly retracted posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF212CFA36B6EDC785" box="[343,421,1450,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). Anal tubules longer than posterior parapods (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF231DFA36B4F9C785" box="[870,945,1450,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
)........................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF24A6FA36B2D4C7FA" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" box="[1245,1436,1450,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilotanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF24A6FA36B219C785" box="[1245,1361,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Nilotanypus</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
[psammophilic lotic, widespread regionally,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF22E3FA54B487C7E7" authority="Cheng &amp; Wang" authorityName="Cheng &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2006" box="[664,975,1479,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilotanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polycanthus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF22E3FA54B462C7E6" box="[664,810,1479,1501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">N. polycanthus</emphasis>
Cheng &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF23A0FA54B3B7C7E7" authority="Cheng &amp; Wang" authorityName="Cheng &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2006" box="[987,1279,1479,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilotanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF23A0FA54B312C7E6" box="[987,1114,1479,1501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">N. quadratus</emphasis>
Cheng &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF2526FA5BB2D1C7E7" box="[1373,1433,1479,1501]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">China</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF2099FA79B6EFC7C0" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Krosch, M. &amp; Tang, H." box="[226,423,1509,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="12 - 31" refId="ref39779" refString="Cranston, P. S., Krosch, M. &amp; Tang, H. (2022) Verifying Australian Nilotanypus Kieffer (Chironomidae) in a global perspective: molecular phylogenetic analysis, new species and emended generic diagnoses. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae, 35, 12 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5324 / cjcr. v 0 i 35.4832" type="journal article" year="2022">
Cranston
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF2144FA79B621C7C0" box="[319,361,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
; Holarctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF236FFA79B427C7C1" box="[788,879,1509,1531]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Australia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECF99EB2D4C40F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1421,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
3 Ligula with median tooth subequal to or shorter than inner teeth (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF2326F99EB4EBC42D" box="[861,931,1538,1560]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
). SSm not strongly retracted (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF24BDF99EB25AC42D" box="[1222,1298,1538,1560]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
). Anal tubules not longer than posterior parapods........................................................................ 4
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECF9C6B2D5C44A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1626,1707]" box="[151,1437,1626,1648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
4(3) Apex of 2nd antennal segment with Lauterborn organs elongate, subequal in length to 3rd segment, giving bifid apex (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF250EF9C6B2D5C44A" box="[1397,1437,1626,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF2099F9E4B2D4C490" blockId="6.[151,1437,1626,1707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">4I)................................................................................................. 5 4 Lauterborn organs shorter or absent, apex thus not appearing bifid.............................................. 7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECF953B619C525" blockId="6.[151,1436,1743,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
5 (4) Ligula teeth in straight or weakly convex row (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF22DEF953B5A0C4DF" box="[677,744,1743,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
).................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF240DF953B2D4C4DF" authority="Roback &amp; Rutter" authorityName="Roback &amp; Rutter" authorityYear="1988" box="[1142,1436,1743,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Denopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF240DF953B3BAC4DE" box="[1142,1266,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Denopelopia</emphasis>
Roback &amp; Rutter
</taxonomicName>
[eutrophic wetlands, drain. Sulawesi, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF22EDF971B59AC539" box="[662,722,1773,1795]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">China</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF22A1F971B4E5C539" author="Cheng, M. &amp; Wang X." box="[730,941,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="55 - 63" refId="ref38550" refString="Cheng, M. &amp; Wang X. (2005 b) Oriental Denopelopia Roback &amp; Rutter from China with emendation of the generic diagnosis (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae). Zootaxa, 1042 (1), 55 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1042.1.4" type="journal article" year="2005">Cheng &amp; Wang 2005b</bibRefCitation>
(Pe,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF23A7F971B303C538" author="Ashe, P." box="[988,1099,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="261 - 268" refId="ref38214" refString="Ashe, P. (1990) Chapter 22. Ecology, zoogeography and diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera) in Sulawesi with some observations of relevance to other aquatic insects. In: Knight W. J. &amp; Holloway J. D. (Eds.), Insects and the Rain Forests of Southeast Asia (Wallacea). Royal Entomological Society, London, pp. 261 - 268." type="book chapter" year="1990">Ashe, 1990</bibRefCitation>
; Liu
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF2401F971B3EBC538" box="[1146,1187,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al</emphasis>
. 2017, as
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF2579F971B2DEC538" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1282,1430,1773,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF2579F971B2DEC538" box="[1282,1430,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both error)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECF8BBB2D4C507" blockId="6.[151,1436,1743,1853]" box="[151,1436,1831,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
5 Ligula teeth in concave row (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF2180F8BBB52CC507" box="[507,612,1831,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4K, N</figureCitation>
)................................................................... 6
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6DFFDF20ECF8FEB535C5F5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1890,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
6(5) Mid-section of ligula constricted; middle tooth smaller than inner tooth (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF23BCF8FEB352C54D" box="[967,1050,1890,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
). Submentum (ventral star chart) with components trapezoid (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E6DFFDF21B9F8E3B543C5AF" box="[450,523,1919,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
).........................................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6DFFDF24A9F8E3B2D4C5AF" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1234,1436,1919,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF24A9F8E3B21AC5AE" box="[1234,1362,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Monopelopia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[inc. phytotelms,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF21F6F801B6A2C589" box="[397,490,1949,1971]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E6DFFDF2182F801B51CC589" box="[505,596,1949,1971]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
), oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF22CCF801B5B8C589" box="[695,752,1949,1971]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E6DFFDF2284F801B401C589" box="[767,841,1949,1971]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Hainan</collectingRegion>
),
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF2320F801B34BC588" author="Duan, X. &amp; Chang, T. &amp; Jiao, K. L. &amp; Wang, X. H. &amp; Lin, X. L." box="[859,1027,1949,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="383 - 388" refId="ref39847" refString="Duan, X., Chang, T., Jiao, K. L., Wang, X. H. &amp; Lin, X. L. (2021) Monopelopia Fittkau, 1962, a newly recorded genus from Oriental China (Diptera, Chironomidae) with a description of Monopelopia zhengi Lin sp. n. Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 383 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.9" type="journal article" year="2021">
Duan
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF23EDF801B481C588" box="[918,969,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
; Holarctic,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E6DFFDF240EF801B3B2C589" box="[1141,1274,1949,1971]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, monophyly and composition uncertain,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E6DFFDF21BFF826B530C5F5" author="Krosch, M. N. &amp; Silva, F. L. &amp; Ekrem, T. &amp; Baker, A. M. &amp; Bryant, L. M. &amp; Stur, E. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[452,632,1978,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref41269" refString="Krosch, M. N., Silva, F. L., Ekrem, T., Baker, A. M., Bryant, L. M., Stur, E. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (2022) A new molecular phylogeny for the Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) places the Australian diversity in a global context. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 166, 107324. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107324" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Krosch
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6DFFDF2274F827B571C5F5" box="[527,569,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
<caption id="3FCB664A2E6CFFDE20E3F8DFB6FAC5FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" startId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" targetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E6CFFDE20E3F8DFB6FAC5FD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1859,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE20E3F8DFB65FC561" bold="true" box="[152,279,1859,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE2166F8DFB6EAC561" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[285,418,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
, genera.
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE2181F8DFB44EC561" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[506,774,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paramerina">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE2181F8DFB53BC561" box="[506,627,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Zavrelimyia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE22F9F8DFB5B4C560" box="[642,764,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Paramerina</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, (A) palp;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE230AF8DFB4BCC561" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[881,1012,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Ablabesmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE230AF8DFB4BCC561" box="[881,1012,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Ablabesmyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (B) palp;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE2424F8DFB3F0C560" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1119,1208,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Natarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE2424F8DFB3F0C560" box="[1119,1208,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Natarsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (C) palp;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE2558F8DFB66CC545" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paramerina">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE2558F8DFB2D4C561" box="[1315,1436,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Zavrelimyia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE20DBF8FBB652C544" box="[160,282,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Paramerina</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, (D) radula;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE21C6F8FBB508C545" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[445,576,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Ablabesmyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE21C6F8FBB508C545" box="[445,576,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Ablabesmyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (E) radula;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE22A3F8FBB41AC545" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" box="[728,850,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilotanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE22A3F8FBB41AC545" box="[728,850,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Nilotanypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE20ECF817B656C599" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,286,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE20ECF817B656C599" box="[151,286,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Monopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (I) antenna;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE21D7F817B567C599" authorityName="Roback &amp; Rutter" authorityYear="1988" box="[428,559,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Denopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE21D7F817B567C599" box="[428,559,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Denopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE2245F817B593C599" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[574,731,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE2245F817B593C599" box="[574,731,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Telmatopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (J) ligula;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE232EF817B494C599" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[853,988,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE232EF817B494C599" box="[853,988,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Monopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (K) ligula, (L) submentum;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E6CFFDE2577F817B2DEC599" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1292,1430,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E6CFFDE2577F817B2DEC599" box="[1292,1430,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Krenopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (M) submentum, (N) ligula.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3FCB664A2E63FFD120E3FA6EB595C4A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" startId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" targetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E63FFD120E3FA6EB595C4A0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1522,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD120E3FA6EB655C430" bold="true" box="[152,285,1522,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD1215CFA6EB6E1C430" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[295,425,1522,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
genera.
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD12272FA6FB503C430" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[521,587,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD12272FA6FB503C430" box="[521,587,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Larsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD120ECF98AB658C414" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,272,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD120ECF98AB658C414" box="[151,272,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Zavrelimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD12293F98AB43AC414" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" box="[744,882,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD12293F98AB43AC414" box="[744,882,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Trissopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (F) palp;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD123A0F98AB313C414" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[987,1115,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Rheopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD123A0F98AB313C414" box="[987,1115,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Rheopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (G) palp;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD124B2F98AB27CC414" authorityName="Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri" authorityYear="2000" box="[1225,1332,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Coffmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD124B2F98AB27CC414" box="[1225,1332,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Coffmania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (H) palp;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD120ECF9A6B65FC468" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,279,1594,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Rheopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD120ECF9A6B65FC468" box="[151,279,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Rheopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (I) mandible, ligula;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD12278F9A6B526C468" authorityName="Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri" authorityYear="2000" box="[515,622,1594,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Coffmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD12278F9A6B526C468" box="[515,622,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Coffmania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (J) mandible;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD1236AF9A6B4D9C468" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[785,913,1594,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Rheopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD1236AF9A6B4D9C468" box="[785,913,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Rheopelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD1257AF9A6B224C468" authorityName="Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri" authorityYear="2000" box="[1281,1388,1594,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Coffmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD1257AF9A6B224C468" box="[1281,1388,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Coffmania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (L) pseudoradula;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD12150F9C2B68EC44C" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1957" box="[299,454,1630,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conchapelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD12150F9C2B68EC44C" box="[299,454,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Conchapelopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD123B0F9C2B3C9C44C" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1957" box="[971,1153,1630,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Thienemannimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD123B0F9C2B3C9C44C" box="[971,1153,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Thienemannimyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD12143F91EB6ADC4A0" authorityName="Niitsuma" authorityYear="2007" box="[312,485,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Amnihayesomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD12143F91EB6ADC4A0" box="[312,485,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Amnihayesomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (Q) ventral star chart.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E63FFD120ECF975B4C2C500" blockId="8.[151,1437,1769,1850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
6 Middle section of ligula not so constricted; middle tooth subequal to inner tooth (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E63FFD1239DF975B37BC4C4" box="[998,1075,1769,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 4N</figureCitation>
). Submentum (ventral star chart) with components linear (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E63FFD121DBF89BB6A7C526" box="[416,495,1799,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[242,1346,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tanypodinae, genera. Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (A) palp; Ablabesmyia, (B) palp; Natarsia, (C) palp; Zavrelimyia (Paramerina), (D) radula; Ablabesmyia, (E) radula; Nilotanypus, (F) ligula, (G) submentum, (H) posterior abdomen; Monopelopia, (I) antenna; Denopelopia /Telmatopelopia, (J) ligula; Monopelopia, (K) ligula, (L) submentum; Krenopelopia, (M) submentum, (N) ligula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618253/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
)............................................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E63FFD124B4F89BB2D4C527" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1231,1436,1799,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E63FFD124B4F89BB21AC526" box="[1231,1362,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Krenopelopia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[krenobiont, small lotic,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E63FFD121B4F8B8B564C500" box="[463,556,1828,1850]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E63FFD12242F8B8B520C503" box="[569,616,1828,1849]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Java</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E63FFD12203F8B8B594C500" box="[632,732,1828,1850]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E63FFD1229DF8B8B468C503" box="[742,800,1828,1849]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Japan</collectingCountry>
; Holarctic]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E63FFD120ECF8C3B2D4C5AB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1886,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
7 (4) Mandible with large molar tooth (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E63FFD1225DF8C3B53AC54E" box="[550,626,1886,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
)................................................................. 8 7 Mandible with mola tooth indistinct or absent (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E63FFD122DDF8E0B5AFC5A8" box="[678,743,1916,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
)........................................................ 9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFF04B582C33F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
8(7) Dorsal head with pore (DP) (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02279FF0BB518C297" box="[514,592,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Ligula with teeth directed anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD023AEFF0BB36AC297" box="[981,1058,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Antennal ratio&gt; 3.5. Small claws of posterior parapod without inner tooth...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD0256FFF29B2D4C2F1" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1300,1436,181,203]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD0256FFF29B21BC2F0" box="[1300,1363,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Larsia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[lotic,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0215CFF4EB6CCC2D2" box="[295,388,210,232]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD021E3FF4EB6BBC2D2" box="[408,499,210,232]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
),
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02271FF4FB5B3C2D2" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[522,763,210,232]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albiceps">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02271FF4FB532C2DD" box="[522,634,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">L. albiceps</emphasis>
(Johannsen)
</taxonomicName>
widespread
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD023FAFF4EB491C2D2" box="[897,985,210,232]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02392FF4EB36DC2D2" box="[1001,1061,210,232]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
, spp. on Pe; Holarctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02118FF73B6F3C33F" box="[355,443,239,261]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E62FFD021B3FF6CB5F5C33F" author="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Krosch, M." box="[456,701,239,261]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="486 - 504" refId="ref39516" refString="Cranston, P. S. &amp; Krosch, M. (2021) Dense, continent-wide, molecular and morphological sampling supports old and new taxa in Australian pentaneurine Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Austral Entomology, 60, 486 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12558" type="journal article" year="2021">Cranston &amp; Krosch 2021</bibRefCitation>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFE91B489C341" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
8 Dorsal pore absent. Ligula with apices of inner teeth directed slightly to strongly outward (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02445FE91B3C3C319" box="[1086,1163,269,291]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Antennal ratio &lt;3.5. Small claw(s) of posterior parapod often with inner tooth (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD022AEFEB6B455C37A" box="[725,797,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
)....................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024A4FEB6B2D4C37A" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1247,1436,298,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024A4FEB6B21AC305" box="[1247,1362,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Zavrelimyia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[lotic, includes previous
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD021B6FED4B509C367" box="[461,577,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Paramerina</emphasis>
spp. Regionally speciose and widespread, e.g.
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02479FED4B326C366" box="[1026,1134,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02479FED4B326C366" box="[1026,1134,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Z. ignobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02401FED4B39BC366" box="[1146,1235,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dulosa">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02401FED4B39BC366" box="[1146,1235,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Z. dulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024A5FED4B260C366" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1246,1320,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facili">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024A5FED4B260C366" box="[1246,1320,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Z. facili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s, Z.
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD0252CFEDBB2D4C366" box="[1367,1436,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">alterna</emphasis>
(all Johannsen) (
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD021FBFEF9B6A9C341" box="[384,481,357,379]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, inc.
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD0226FFEF9B52EC340" box="[532,614,357,378]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD0220BFEF9B5D2C341" box="[624,666,357,379]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Bali</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD022DFFEF9B59BC340" box="[676,723,357,378]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Java</collectingRegion>
). Holarctic, Neotropical]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFE3CB3AFC3CA" blockId="9.[151,1437,415,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
9(7) Palp with ring organ near middle of basal segment (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD022A9FE03B452C38F" box="[722,794,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
)...................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024B4FE03B2D4C38F" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" box="[1231,1436,415,437]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024B4FE03B21AC38E" box="[1231,1362,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Trissopelopia</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
[lotic, lentic,
<specimenCount id="7DB2FD4B2E62FFD0211EFE21B63FC3EF" box="[357,375,445,469]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="male"></specimenCount>
. (perhaps only 1 common sp.,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD022D3FE21B30AC3E8" authority="(Sasa, Kawai &amp; Ueno)" baseAuthorityName="Sasa, Kawai &amp; Ueno" box="[680,1090,445,467]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oyabetrispinosa">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD022D3FE21B412C3E8" box="[680,858,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">T. oyabetrispinosa</emphasis>
(Sasa, Kawai &amp; Ueno)
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD024E6FE21B39EC3E9" box="[1181,1238,445,467]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD0249EFE21B27EC3E9" box="[1253,1334,445,467]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD0253AFE21B2DAC3E9" box="[1345,1426,445,467]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
),
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E62FFD02099FE46B6F2C3CA" author="Cheng, M. &amp; Wang X." box="[226,442,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref38496" refString="Cheng, M. &amp; Wang X. (2005 a) Two new species Trissopelopia Kieffer from China, with emendation of the generic diagnosis and a key to the adult male Trissopelopia of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae). Entomological News, 116, 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">Cheng &amp; Wang 2005a</bibRefCitation>
; Holarctic (inc.
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0222FFE46B5C6C3D5" box="[596,654,474,495]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Japan</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD022E4FE46B590C3CA" box="[671,728,474,496]" name="Nepal" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E62FFD0229FFE46B494C3D5" author="Roback, S. S. &amp; Coffman, W. P." box="[740,988,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="87 - 158" refId="ref43341" refString="Roback, S. S. &amp; Coffman, W. P. (1987) Results of the Nepal Alpine Zone Research Project, Chironomidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 139, 87 - 158." type="journal article" year="1987">Roback &amp; Coffman 1987</bibRefCitation>
), Afrotropical, Neotropical]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFE64B2D4C010" blockId="9.[151,1437,415,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
9 Palp with ring organ subapical on basal segment (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD022C4FE6BB46FC037" box="[703,807,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5G, H</figureCitation>
)....................................
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02493FE6BB2D4C036" box="[1256,1436,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02497FE6BB2D4C036" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1957" box="[1260,1436,503,524]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Thienemannimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thienemannimyia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
group*............................................................................................ 10
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFDCCB2D4C0B8" blockId="9.[151,1436,591,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
10(9) Palp with b sensillum 3-segmented (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02244FDD3B5C2C05F" box="[575,650,591,613]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
).............................................................. 11 10 Palp with b sensillum 2-segmented (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02244FDF1B5C2C0B9" box="[575,650,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
).............................................................. 12
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFD34B651C12F" blockId="9.[151,1436,679,877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
11(10) Mandible with teeth essentially absent (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02211FD3BB5E7C087" box="[618,687,679,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
). Pseudoradula tapers from base to apex, c. 20% of M-Appendage width at midpoint (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD0213DFD59B6D9C0E1" box="[326,401,709,731]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
)....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024A2FD59B2D4C0E1" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1962" box="[1241,1436,709,731]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Rheopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024A2FD59B21AC0E0" box="[1241,1362,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Rheopelopia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[rheophilous;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02110FD7FB5FDC0C2" authority="(Sasa &amp; Okazawa)" baseAuthorityName="Sasa &amp; Okazawa" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[363,693,738,760]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Rheopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joganflava">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02110FD7FB6B8C0CD" box="[363,496,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">R. joganflava</emphasis>
(Sasa &amp; Okazawa)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD022BAFD7FB309C0C2" authority="(Chaudhuri &amp; Debnath)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudhuri &amp; Debnath" box="[705,1089,738,760]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Rheopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD022BAFD7FB405C0CD" box="[705,845,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">R. tuberculata</emphasis>
(Chaudhuri &amp; Debnath)
</taxonomicName>
in oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD024C3FD7EB3BCC0C2" box="[1208,1268,738,760]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
. Holarctic (c. 10 spp.)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFC81B332C157" blockId="9.[151,1436,679,877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
11 Mandible with accessory tooth visible at 400x (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD022D9FC81B5AEC109" box="[674,742,797,819]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
). Pseudoradula narrow, ca. 10% of M-Appendage width with granulation in 58 rows (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD0211BFCA6B6E0C16A" box="[352,424,826,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
)..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD0240FFCA6B2D4C16A" authority="Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri" authorityName="Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri" authorityYear="2000" box="[1140,1436,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Coffmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD0240FFCA6B391C175" box="[1140,1241,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Coffmania</emphasis>
Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri
</taxonomicName>
[34 regional spp. (
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD021E6FCCBB69BC157" box="[413,467,855,877]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">India</collectingCountry>
), L in drains in
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02212FCCBB585C157" box="[617,717,855,877]" name="Singapore" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Singapore</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD022ACFCC4B4D7C157" authority="Niitsuma" authorityName="Niitsuma" authorityYear="2008" box="[727,927,855,877]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Coffmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD022ACFCC4B476C157" box="[727,830,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">C. insignis</emphasis>
Niitsuma
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0238CFCCBB37BC157" box="[1015,1075,855,877]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02447FCC4B33DC157" box="[1084,1141,856,877]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Japan</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFC0EB60AC63A" blockId="9.[151,1437,914,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
12(10) Pseudoradula narrow, ca.10% of width of M appendage; granulation in 58 closely adjacent, near parallel rows (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02545FC0EB2DAC192" box="[1342,1426,914,936]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
). Cephalic setae S9 and S10 adjacent, separated by width of VP (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02339FC33B4C5C1FF" box="[834,909,943,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5N</figureCitation>
)........................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024BBFC33B2D4C1FF" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1957" box="[1216,1436,943,965]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conchapelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024BBFC33B21BC1FE" box="[1216,1363,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Conchapelopia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[lotic, lentic, eurythermic.
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0219BFC51B575C1D9" box="[480,573,973,995]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD02232FC51B5EAC1D9" box="[585,674,973,995]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
)
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD022D5FC51B421C1D8" authority="Murray" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1995" box="[686,873,973,994]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conchapelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD022D5FC51B451C1D8" box="[686,793,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">C. insolens</emphasis>
Murray
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02309FC51B3DFC1D8" authority="Niitsuma &amp; Tang" authorityName="Niitsuma &amp; Tang" authorityYear="2017" box="[882,1175,973,995]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Conchapelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachiata">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02309FC51B4A2C1D8" box="[882,1002,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">C. brachiata</emphasis>
Niitsuma &amp; Tang
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02495FC51B262C1D9" box="[1262,1322,973,995]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
; global exc.
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02099FC76B675C63A" box="[226,317,1002,1024]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Australia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFB94B2D4C600" blockId="9.[151,1437,914,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
12 Pseudoradula&gt;20% of width of M appendage, tapered; granulation in at least 8 rows. Cephalic setae S9 and S10 more widely separated (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02131FBB9B6DDC601" box="[330,405,1061,1083]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5Q</figureCitation>
) or approximated (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD02236FBB9B5D0C601" box="[589,664,1061,1083]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5O</figureCitation>
)............................................................. 13
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFBFCB5F8C6F7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
13(12) Cephalic setae S9 near S10, anterior to alignment of SSm and ventral pore (VP) (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD0239AFBC3B366C64F" box="[993,1070,1119,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5O</figureCitation>
). Posterior parapod with 5 small thick, dark claws, lacking an elongate long claw (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD022FAFBE1B580C6A9" box="[641,712,1149,1171]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5P</figureCitation>
).......................................
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024DDFBE1B2D4C6A9" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1957" box="[1190,1436,1149,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Thienemannimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024DDFBE1B21AC6A8" box="[1190,1362,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Thienemannimyia</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
[lotic, lentic,
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02113FB06B68DC68A" box="[360,453,1178,1200]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD021AEFB06B578C68A" box="[469,560,1178,1200]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD02238FB06B5D3C68A" box="[579,667,1178,1200]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, regionally speciose, abundant, 5 spp. oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0240BFB06B3E1C68A" box="[1136,1193,1178,1200]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E62FFD024C2FB06B2DAC695" author="Cheng, M. &amp; Wang, X." box="[1209,1426,1178,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="50 - 60" refId="ref38704" refString="Cheng, M. &amp; Wang, X. (2009) Thienemannimyia Fittkau (Diptera: Chironomidae) from China. Zootaxa, 2074 (1), 50 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2074.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">Cheng &amp; Wang 2009</bibRefCitation>
); includes
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD02143FB24B52AC6F7" authority="Murray &amp; Fittkau" authorityName="Murray &amp; Fittkau" box="[312,610,1207,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Hayesomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD02143FB24B6E7C6F7" box="[312,431,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hayesomyia</emphasis>
Murray &amp; Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
; global]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0B36C22E62FFD020ECFB49B41CC71F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
13 Cephalic setae S9 distant from S10, posterior / laterally aligned SSm and VP (
<figureCitation id="F38F2A472E62FFD023B5FB49B351C6D1" box="[974,1049,1237,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[170,1417,181,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tanypodinae genera. Larsia, (A) mandible, (B) dorsal cephalic setal pores/sockets (star chart), (C) ligula; Zavrelimyia (s.s.), (D) ligula, (E) posterior parapod claws; Trissopelopia, (F) palp; Rheopelopia, (G) palp; Coffmania, (H) palp; Rheopelopia, (I) mandible, ligula; Coffmania, (J) mandible; Rheopelopia, (K) pseudoradula, M-appendage; Coffmania, (L) pseudoradula; Conchapelopia, (M) ligula, pseudoradula, (N) ventral star chart; Thienemannimyia, (O) ventral star chart, (P) posterior body; Amnihayesomyia, (Q) ventral star chart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5Q</figureCitation>
)..........
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD024E1FB49B2D4C6D1" authority="Niitsuma" authorityName="Niitsuma" authorityYear="2007" box="[1178,1436,1237,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Amnihayesomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD024E1FB49B276C6D0" box="[1178,1342,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Amnihayesomyia</emphasis>
Niitsuma
</taxonomicName>
[lotic,
<taxonomicName id="ACB44D412E62FFD0215AFB6EB561C732" authority="Tang &amp; Niitsuma" authorityName="Tang &amp; Niitsuma" authorityYear="2020" box="[289,553,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Amnihayesomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="59C0EAD02E62FFD0215AFB6EB631C732" box="[289,377,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">A. vittata</emphasis>
Tang &amp; Niitsuma
</taxonomicName>
, oriental
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD022F9FB6EB5F3C732" box="[642,699,1266,1288]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD022B2FB6EB475C732" box="[713,829,1266,1288]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A970F8202E62FFD0233EFB6EB4DAC73D" box="[837,914,1266,1287]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
),
<quantity id="AC4C9B272E62FFD023D8FB6EB4A6C732" box="[931,1006,1266,1288]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="2110.0">2110 m</quantity>
. 7 spp. from elevation in
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0249FFB6EB255C732" box="[1252,1309,1266,1288]" name="Nepal" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and adjacent palaearctic
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0212BFA93B6C4C71F" box="[336,396,1295,1317]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">China</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F254B332E62FFD021EEFA8CB537C71F" author="Tang, H. &amp; Niitsuma, H." box="[405,639,1295,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref44533" refString="Tang, H. &amp; Niitsuma, H. (2020 a) Review of the genus Amnihayesomyia Niitsuma (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), with descriptions of three new species from China. Zootaxa, 4743 (3), 411 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4743.3.8" type="journal article" year="2020">Tang &amp; Niitsuma 2020a</bibRefCitation>
. Holarctic, inc.
<collectingCountry id="13A376522E62FFD0236DFA8CB407C71F" box="[790,847,1296,1317]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Japan</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>