861 lines
99 KiB
XML
861 lines
99 KiB
XML
<document id="DCF6F28EEBA011EFECB9163E2587302A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202133" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fc518c4-5c33-472b-b9fc-b596f199815e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202133" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460264610037" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grismer, Lee, Huat, Evan Quah Seng, Siler, Cameron D., Wood, Perry L., Grismer, Jesse L., Sah, Shahrul Anuar Mohd & Ahmad, Norhayati" docDate="2011" docId="9F5E87B2FFEFFFC9FF739ED0FC1CF9F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02799p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2799" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Larutia penangensis Grismer, Huat, Siler, Wood, Grismer, Sah & Ahmad, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="6367FFCAFFEBFFC0FFE49D5DFFDEFFBA" masterDocTitle="Peninsular Malaysia’s first limbless lizard: a new species of skink of the genus Larutia (Böhme) from Pulau Pinang with a phylogeny of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698245559156" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="429E384052B7BFDE7E6FF0B454C7D3A8">Peninsular Malaysia’s first limbless lizard: a new species of skink of the genus Larutia (Böhme) from Pulau Pinang with a phylogeny of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3036918AADB38F9EB4354B76EFFCC81E">Grismer, Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F79D86AD4DF90AF8D3EC06D1428B879">Huat, Evan Quah Seng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28E6A729BC8943EB454D81B3F8043820">Siler, Cameron D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5389CBEB289C725DA1A545298C1A3902">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C45ED5F51831D06FE4F4DE4857C523F6">Wood, Perry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="073C018EE4D1FBCB09CCB01DC84D8B97" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F9DBA967B984A83CFA597C54D44C8B13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1EBA296ADAB0517276CD07C28DEEAC5C">Grismer, Jesse L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="546AB22A1365BD3161B09900D9118835">Sah, Shahrul Anuar Mohd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="61095D70A85BE4CD67F65DDC4EA0D0E5">Ahmad, Norhayati</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3DCF5E7F9156FD5FBB6EF1449041A855">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D3FC369C6D760D2CCBA7DBDCFAB50754">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0EA6174B487491FD1D9C44ECDF91B08F">
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<mods:date id="AD5C10D7F210D188A8EB6E07F1356E16">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA0AD9CB189DA0DC17C01BE6ACDAC1F3">2799</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1BF5976592E47AF70E6234F0F1D483B8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DD9B8689C4AF064C81A977FCACE4BEB0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.202133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E6640866C4A71EAADB17857694D731D" type="GBIF-Dataset">9fc518c4-5c33-472b-b9fc-b596f199815e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0583612A4A46A68F790CC20874F27D6A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F216C8B126B14B003C1717B3BA6F3C25" type="Zenodo-Dep">202133</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9F5E87B2FFEFFFC9FF739ED0FC1CF9F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619612" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619612" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F5E87B2FFEFFFC9FF739ED0FC1CF9F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F5E87B2FFEFFFC9FF739ED0FC1CF9F6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="5FED652FFFEFFFC4FF739ED0FECBFC7D" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEFFFC4FF739ED0FE2AFC1D" blockId="4.[151,500,909,967]" box="[151,500,909,935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="4C0081C8FFEFFFC4FF739ED0FE2AFC1D" bold="true" box="[151,500,909,935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEFFFC4FF739ED0FE2AFC1D" bold="true" box="[151,500,909,935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEFFFC4FF739ED0FE51FC1D" box="[151,399,909,935]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEFFFC4FF739ED0FE51FC1D" bold="true" box="[151,399,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Larutia penangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFEFFFC4FE729ED0FE2AFC1D" box="[406,500,909,935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEFFFC4FF739EF2FECBFC7D" blockId="4.[151,500,909,967]" box="[151,277,943,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEFFFC4FF739EF2FEDEFC7D" box="[151,256,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustrations of head of juvenile holotype Larutia penangensis sp. nov. (ZRC 2.6918) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. Taxonomically diagnostic head scales are labeled as follows: C, chinshield; F, frontal; FN, frontonasal; FP, frontoparietal; IL, infralabial; IP, interparietal; L, loreal; M, mental; N, nasal; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PM, postmental; PN, postnasal; PO, preocular; PSL, postsupralabial; R, rostral; SC, supraciliary; SL, supralabial; SO, supraocular; T, temporal; 1 ° T, primary temporal; and 2 ° T, secondary temporal. Roman numerals indicate scales in the supraocular series, with Arabic numbers indicating scales in the supraciliary series (Illustrations by CDS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202136/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEFFFC4FEE19EF2FECBFC7D" box="[261,277,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1124,1147]" captionTargetBox="[345,1246,193,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[345,1246,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Upper: holotype of Larutia penangensis sp. nov. ZRC 2.6918 (photo by EQSH). Lower: habitat at type locality on Penang Hill, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia (photo by LLG)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5FED652FFFEFFFC4FF739EAEFB9FFB94" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEFFFC4FF739EAEFB9FFB94" blockId="4.[151,1436,1010,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEFFFC4FF739EAEFED5FBB1" bold="true" box="[151,267,1011,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<typeStatus id="C84C8806FFEFFFC4FF739EAEFED8FBB1" box="[151,262,1011,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Juvenile of unknown sex (
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<collectionCode id="71E6AE61FFEFFFC4FDDC9EAFFDAEFBB0" box="[568,624,1010,1034]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
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2.6918) collected by Evan Quah, on
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<date id="63491064FFEFFFC4FBF69EAFFB79FBB0" box="[1042,1191,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" value="2010-06-13">13 June 2010</date>
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at Penang Hill,
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<collectingCountry id="6FE07634FFEFFFC4FAB89EAFFA42FBB0" box="[1372,1436,1010,1034]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Pulau</collectingCountry>
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Pinang, Penang (N.05.43825º,
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<geoCoordinate id="72C35063FFEFFFC4FE14994BFD5AFB94" box="[496,644,1046,1070]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="100.282">E100.28200º</geoCoordinate>
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, ±
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||
<quantity id="D00F9B41FFEFFFC4FD7B994BFD18FB94" box="[671,710,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</quantity>
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||
;
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||
<quantity id="D00F9B41FFEFFFC4FD35994BFCCEFB94" box="[721,784,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="308.0">308m</quantity>
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asl.), Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="6FE07634FFEFFFC4FC36994BFBE2FB94" box="[978,1084,1046,1070]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5FED652FFFEFFFC4FF219964FC68FA9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEFFFC4FF219964FC68FA9C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1010,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEFFFC4FF219964FEE1FBE8" bold="true" box="[197,319,1081,1106]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body elongate, snake-like; dorsal scales smooth; limbs absent; lower eyelid bearing large, transparent scales, central scale largest; four supraoculars; nasals separated; frontoparietals paired; prefrontals small, widely separated; supranasals absent; postnasal scale absent; last supralabial horizontally divided (or two post supralabials); large, posterior chinshields not separated from the infralabials by smaller scales; 120 paravertebral scale rows; 132 ventral scale rows; 18 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; caudal and body scales undifferentiated; body unicolor dark brown; no yellow nuchal bands or pale, yellow spot on frontoparietals, supraoculars, or rostrum. These characters are summarized across all species in Table 4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5FED652FFFEFFFC6FF23986CFDC1FA9F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEFFFC4FF23986CFC74F8E4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1010,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEFFFC4FF23986CFE39FAF0" bold="true" box="[199,487,1329,1354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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Description of
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<typeStatus id="C84C8806FFEFFFC4FE9D986FFE3CFAF0" box="[377,482,1330,1354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Head small, scarcely distinct from neck, rounded, triangular in dorsal profile; head scales smooth; rostral wider than long, in broad contact with frontonasal; frontonasal wider than long; prefrontals small, not contacting on midline; frontal wide, diamond-shaped, in contact with first supraocular; three supraoculars; frontoparietals contacting all supraoculars anteriorly and parietals and interparietal posteriorly; interparietal diamond-shaped, large, slightly projecting posteriorly, no parietal eyespot; parietals large, in medial contact posterior to interparietal, contacting posterior margin of third supraocular anteriorly; enlarged, differentiated nuchals absent; nasals moderately large, separated, trapezoidal, contacting rostral anteriorly, frontonasal dorsally, first loreal posteriorly, first supralabial ventrally; nostril in central portion of nasal scale; supranasals absent; anterior loreal nearly same size as posterior loreal; two preoculars in contact with second loreal; dorsal preocular much smaller than ventral preocular; four supraciliaries, fourth supraciliary enlarged; two pretemporals; five suboculars; single presubocular; four supralabials; first supralabial large and triangular; two postsupralabials; two twmporals; two primary temporals; two secondary temporals, uppermost contacting parietal; granular scales at anterior corners of eye; lower eyelid bearing large, transparent scales, central scale largest; mental wider than long; single large, rectangular postmental contacting first infralabials; two enlarged pairs of chinshields following postmental, anterior pair contacting medially, posterior pair separated posteriorly by two gular scales; all chinshields contacting infralabials; three similarly sized infralabials; no external ear opening.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEFFFC4FF219A34FC3CF851" blockId="4.[151,1436,1010,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="33">
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Body elongate, snake-like; body scales smooth, cycloid, imbricate; flank, ventral, and dorsal scales equal in size; 18 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; 120 paravertebral scale rows; 132 ventral scale rows; two enlarged, medial, preanal scales; limbs absent; tail robust, cylindrical; caudal scales equal in size, indiscernable from body scales. Measurements are SVL
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<quantity id="D00F9B41FFEFFFC4FD909A8EFD05F851" box="[628,731,2003,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="51.4">51.4 mm</quantity>
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; TL (broken)
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||
<quantity id="D00F9B41FFEFFFC4FC939A8EFC03F851" box="[887,989,2003,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="4" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4388662CFFEEFFC5FF739A66FD38F851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202136/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[348,1225,193,1821]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEEFFC5FF739A66FD38F851" blockId="5.[151,1436,1851,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEEFFC5FF739A66FECCF8EA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1851,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Illustrations of head of juvenile holotype
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<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEEFFC5FD5F9A61FC54F8EB" box="[699,906,1852,1873]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEEFFC5FD5F9A61FC54F8EB" box="[699,906,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Larutia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFEEFFC5FC749A61FC3EF8EB" box="[912,992,1852,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEEFFC5FC749A61FC3EF8EB" bold="true" box="[912,992,1852,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
(ZRC 2.6918) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. Taxonomically diagnostic head scales are labeled as follows: C, chinshield; F, frontal; FN, frontonasal; FP, frontoparietal; IL, infralabial; IP, interparietal; L, loreal; M, mental; N, nasal; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PM, postmental; PN, postnasal; PO, preocular; PSL, postsupralabial; R, rostral; SC, supraciliary; SL, supralabial; SO, supraocular; T, temporal; 1°T, primary temporal; and 2°T, secondary temporal. Roman numerals indicate scales in the supraocular series, with Arabic numbers indicating scales in the supraciliary series (Illustrations by CDS).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<caption id="4388662CFFEDFFC6FF739939FCCCFB20" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202137/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[345,1246,193,1112]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="174836A4FFEDFFC6FF739939FCCCFB20" blockId="6.[151,1436,1124,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
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||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF739939FED5FBC3" bold="true" box="[151,267,1124,1147]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
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. Upper: holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FE3B9938FD70FBC0" box="[479,686,1125,1146]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FE3B9938FD70FBC0" box="[479,686,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Larutia penangensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FD509938FCDAFBC0" bold="true" box="[692,772,1125,1146]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFEDFFC6FD509938FCDAFBC0" box="[692,772,1125,1146]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
ZRC 2.6918 (photo by EQSH). Lower: habitat at type locality on Penang Hill, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia (photo by LLG).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFEDFFC6FF219998FDC1FA9F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1221,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF219998FE98FB64" bold="true" box="[197,326,1221,1246]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal surface of head, body, and tail uniform dark brown; nuchal bands absent; no stripping on body; ventral surface slightly lighter than dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FCF199B4FC87FABB" box="[789,857,1257,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1124,1147]" captionTargetBox="[345,1246,193,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[345,1246,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Upper: holotype of Larutia penangensis sp. nov. ZRC 2.6918 (photo by EQSH). Lower: habitat at type locality on Penang Hill, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia (photo by LLG)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202137/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), rostral, first supralabial, nasal mental, postmental, and first infralabilal scales opaque.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FED652FFFEDFFC6FF21986DFCD6FA47" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFEDFFC6FF21986DFF2BFA2B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1221,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF21986DFE89FAF3" bold="true" box="[197,343,1328,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FE8C986FFD8EFAF3" box="[360,592,1330,1353]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FE8C986FFD8EFAF3" box="[360,592,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Larutia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FDBF986CFD69FAF3" bold="true" box="[603,695,1329,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFEDFFC6FDBF986CFD69FAF3" box="[603,695,1329,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from the lower elevations of Penang Hill,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FE07634FFEDFFC6FAB8986CFA42FAF3" box="[1372,1436,1329,1353]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pulau</collectingCountry>
|
||
Pinang, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FE07634FFEDFFC6FE909808FE05FAD7" box="[372,475,1365,1389]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FE099808FDEFFAD7" box="[493,561,1365,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,526,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[186,1401,519,1515]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of the genus Larutia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202134/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is expected to occur much more widely across the island in appropriate habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFEDFFC6FF2198C0FCD6FA47" blockId="6.[151,1436,1221,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF2198C0FE5AFA0C" bold="true" box="[197,388,1437,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen was found crawling across an open dirt path surrounded by lowland dipterocarp forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FEF9989CFEBCFA63" box="[285,354,1473,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1124,1147]" captionTargetBox="[345,1246,193,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[345,1246,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Upper: holotype of Larutia penangensis sp. nov. ZRC 2.6918 (photo by EQSH). Lower: habitat at type locality on Penang Hill, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia (photo by LLG)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202137/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). All other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FDB2989FFD74FA63" box="[598,682,1474,1497]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FDB2989FFD74FA63" box="[598,682,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are fossorial to semi-fossorial and found in loose soils beneath surface objects. This species is expected to be no different.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FED652FFFEDFFC9FF219B54FC1CF9F6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFEDFFC6FF219B54FD75F9D3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1221,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF219B54FE95F99B" bold="true" box="[197,331,1545,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FDA09B57FD11F99B" box="[580,719,1546,1569]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FDA09B57FD11F99B" box="[580,719,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in reference to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C84C8806FFEDFFC6FC309B57FBDAF998" box="[980,1028,1546,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Penang Island. The suffix
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF739B73FF11F9FF" box="[151,207,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">ensis</emphasis>
|
||
is a derivation meaning “from” or “inhabiting.” It renders the specific epithet an adjective that must be in grammatical accord with the gender of
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FDAB9B0FFD75F9D3" box="[591,683,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FDAB9B0FFD79F9D3" box="[591,679,1618,1641]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Larutia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFEDFFC7FF219B28FC9FFF6E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1221,2037]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF219B28FEB5F934" bold="true" box="[197,363,1653,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FE969B2BFD86F937" box="[370,600,1654,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FE969B2BFD86F937" box="[370,600,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Larutia penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FD859B28FD65F937" bold="true" box="[609,699,1653,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFEDFFC6FD859B28FD65F937" box="[609,699,1653,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is clearly separated from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FB249B2BFACAF937" box="[1216,1300,1654,1677]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FB249B2BFACAF937" box="[1216,1300,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its complete lack of limbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FE919BC4FE64F90B" box="[373,442,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1124,1147]" captionTargetBox="[345,1246,193,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[345,1246,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Upper: holotype of Larutia penangensis sp. nov. ZRC 2.6918 (photo by EQSH). Lower: habitat at type locality on Penang Hill, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia (photo by LLG)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202137/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); having fewer supralabials (4 vs. 5–7;
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FC979BC4FC6BF90B" box="[883,949,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustrations of head of juvenile holotype Larutia penangensis sp. nov. (ZRC 2.6918) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. Taxonomically diagnostic head scales are labeled as follows: C, chinshield; F, frontal; FN, frontonasal; FP, frontoparietal; IL, infralabial; IP, interparietal; L, loreal; M, mental; N, nasal; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PM, postmental; PN, postnasal; PO, preocular; PSL, postsupralabial; R, rostral; SC, supraciliary; SL, supralabial; SO, supraocular; T, temporal; 1 ° T, primary temporal; and 2 ° T, secondary temporal. Roman numerals indicate scales in the supraocular series, with Arabic numbers indicating scales in the supraciliary series (Illustrations by CDS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202136/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); having proportionately larger body scales (18 vs. 20–30 scales around midbody); and its unique, unicolor, color pattern (vs. nuchal bands and/or striping on the body; Figs. 4,6). The new species is further separated from all other species except some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FAAF9BBFFF34F8A7" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FAAF9BBFFF34F8A7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFEDFFC6FED99A58FDC5F8A7" author="Grismer" box="[317,539,1797,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FE449A5BFE06F8A7" box="[416,472,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in having fewer infralabials (3 vs. 4 or 5;
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FBE49A58FB9CF8A7" box="[1024,1090,1797,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustrations of head of juvenile holotype Larutia penangensis sp. nov. (ZRC 2.6918) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. Taxonomically diagnostic head scales are labeled as follows: C, chinshield; F, frontal; FN, frontonasal; FP, frontoparietal; IL, infralabial; IP, interparietal; L, loreal; M, mental; N, nasal; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PM, postmental; PN, postnasal; PO, preocular; PSL, postsupralabial; R, rostral; SC, supraciliary; SL, supralabial; SO, supraocular; T, temporal; 1 ° T, primary temporal; and 2 ° T, secondary temporal. Roman numerals indicate scales in the supraocular series, with Arabic numbers indicating scales in the supraciliary series (Illustrations by CDS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202136/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); from all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FF739A77FEFDF8FB" box="[151,291,1833,1857]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FF739A77FEFDF8FB" box="[151,291,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FEBC9A77FE36F8FB" box="[344,488,1833,1857]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FEBC9A77FE36F8FB" box="[344,488,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that the second pair of chin shields is separated by two gular scales (vs. separated by one scale;
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FED19A10FEA7F8DF" box="[309,377,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustrations of head of juvenile holotype Larutia penangensis sp. nov. (ZRC 2.6918) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. Taxonomically diagnostic head scales are labeled as follows: C, chinshield; F, frontal; FN, frontonasal; FP, frontoparietal; IL, infralabial; IP, interparietal; L, loreal; M, mental; N, nasal; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PM, postmental; PN, postnasal; PO, preocular; PSL, postsupralabial; R, rostral; SC, supraciliary; SL, supralabial; SO, supraocular; T, temporal; 1 ° T, primary temporal; and 2 ° T, secondary temporal. Roman numerals indicate scales in the supraocular series, with Arabic numbers indicating scales in the supraciliary series (Illustrations by CDS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202136/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FE359A13FD81F8DF" box="[465,607,1869,1893]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FE359A13FD81F8DF" box="[465,607,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FD7D9A13FCE2F8DF" box="[665,828,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FD7D9A13FCE9F8DF" box="[665,823,1869,1893]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in that the first two pairs of chin shields contact two infralabials (vs. contacting only one infralabial;
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFEDFFC6FD5F9A2CFD21F833" box="[699,767,1905,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[348,1225,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustrations of head of juvenile holotype Larutia penangensis sp. nov. (ZRC 2.6918) in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. Taxonomically diagnostic head scales are labeled as follows: C, chinshield; F, frontal; FN, frontonasal; FP, frontoparietal; IL, infralabial; IP, interparietal; L, loreal; M, mental; N, nasal; P, parietal; PF, prefrontal; PM, postmental; PN, postnasal; PO, preocular; PSL, postsupralabial; R, rostral; SC, supraciliary; SL, supralabial; SO, supraocular; T, temporal; 1 ° T, primary temporal; and 2 ° T, secondary temporal. Roman numerals indicate scales in the supraocular series, with Arabic numbers indicating scales in the supraciliary series (Illustrations by CDS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202136/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); from all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FB839A2FFAA0F833" authority="Bleeker" authorityName="Bleeker" box="[1127,1406,1905,1929]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FB839A2FFAD5F833" box="[1127,1291,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. sumatrensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Bleeker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of linearly arranged yellow spots on the body (Figs. 4,6); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FBEC9ACBFB49F817" box="[1032,1175,1941,1965]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FBEC9ACBFB49F817" box="[1032,1175,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in juveniles only),
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FA619ACBFEEFF86B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FA619ACBFEF0F86B" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">L. seribuatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FE8E9AE7FDDDF86B" box="[362,515,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FE8E9AE7FE21F86B" box="[362,511,1977,2001]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">L. trifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the absence of nuchal bands (Figs. 4,6); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FBD79AE7FB00F86B" box="[1075,1246,1977,2001]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serbuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FBD79AE7FB00F86B" box="[1075,1246,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. serbuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FABD9AE7FF2EF84F" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC6FABD9AE7FF2EF84F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of yellow spots on the head (Figs. 4,6); and from all species except
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFEDFFC7FB739A83FF01FF0A" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC6FB739A83FAF8F84F" box="[1175,1318,2013,2037]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFEDFFC7FAD69A83FF02FF0A" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">L. sumatrensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEFF9DC4FE70FF0A" box="[283,430,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FEFF9DC4FE70FF0A" box="[283,430,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having opaque scales on the snout (vs. the absence of such scales; Figs. 4,7). These character states are summarized across all species in
|
||
<tableCitation id="5A75031FFFECFFC7FD039DE1FCE2FF6E" box="[743,828,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,235,262,283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,343,560]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Diagnostic scale counts and color pattern characteristics of the species of the genus Larutia. + = character state present; 0 = character state absent." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4388662CFFECFFC7FF739C5BFE14FE81" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="4388662CFFECFFC7FF739C5BFE14FE81">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4388662CFFECFFC7FF739C5BFE14FE81" ID-Table-UUID="4388662CFFECFFC7FF739C5BFE14FE81" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4388662CFFECFFC7FF739C5BFE14FE81" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,343,560]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFECFFC7FF739C5BFE14FE81" blockId="7.[151,1436,261,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FF739C5BFEDDFEA1" bold="true" box="[151,259,262,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic scale counts and color pattern characteristics of the species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FBB69C5AFB40FEA6" box="[1106,1182,263,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FBB69C5AFB40FEA6" box="[1106,1182,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. + = character state present; 0 = character state absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFECFFC7FE389C0AFAF0FD8A" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="65F7C404FFEC003FFF739C0AFA42FD8A" box="[151,1436,343,560]" gridcols="8" gridrows="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739C0AFA42FE31" box="[151,1436,343,395]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389C0AFD9EFE31" box="[476,576,343,395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FE389C0AFD9EFED7" box="[476,576,343,365]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE389C0AFD9EFED7" box="[476,576,343,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819C0AFD08FE31" box="[613,726,343,395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FD819C0AFD08FED7" box="[613,726,343,365]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FD819C0AFD08FED7" box="[613,726,343,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9C0AFC8DFE31" box="[751,851,343,395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FD0B9C0AFC8DFED7" box="[751,851,343,365]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puehensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FD0B9C0AFC8DFED7" box="[751,851,343,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">puehensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9C0AFC32FE31" box="[888,1004,343,395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FC9C9C0AFC4DFE31" box="[888,1004,343,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">seribuaten- sis</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29C0AFBA0FE31" box="[1030,1150,343,395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FBE29C05FBA0FED7" box="[1030,1150,344,365]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FBE29C05FBA0FED7" box="[1030,1150,344,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">sumatrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709C0AFB22FE31" box="[1172,1276,343,395]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB709C0AFB22FED7" box="[1172,1276,343,365]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FB709C0AFB22FED7" box="[1172,1276,343,365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19C0AFA42FE31" box="[1301,1436,343,395]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FAF19C05FAEEFE31" box="[1301,1408,344,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">penangen- sis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FAD29C28FA59FE30" bold="true" box="[1334,1415,373,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739CC3FA42FE0E" box="[151,1436,414,436]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739CC3FEE1FE0E" box="[151,319,414,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Suproculars</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389CC3FD9EFE0E" box="[476,576,414,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819CC3FD08FE0E" box="[613,726,414,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9CC3FC8DFE0E" box="[751,851,414,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9CC3FC32FE0E" box="[888,1004,414,436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29CC3FBA0FE0E" box="[1030,1150,414,436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">3 or 4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709CC3FB22FE0E" box="[1172,1276,414,436]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19CC3FA42FE0E" box="[1301,1436,414,436]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739C95FA42FE64" box="[151,1436,456,478]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739C95FEE1FE64" box="[151,319,456,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Supralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389C95FD9EFE64" box="[476,576,456,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">6 or 7</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819C95FD08FE64" box="[613,726,456,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9C95FC8DFE64" box="[751,851,456,478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9C95FC32FE64" box="[888,1004,456,478]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5 or 6</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29C95FBA0FE64" box="[1030,1150,456,478]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5 or 6</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709C95FB22FE64" box="[1172,1276,456,478]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">6</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19C95FA42FE64" box="[1301,1436,456,478]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739CACFA42FDBD" box="[151,1436,497,519]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739CACFEE1FDBD" box="[151,319,497,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Infralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389CACFD9EFDBD" box="[476,576,497,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819CACFD08FDBD" box="[613,726,497,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">3 or 4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9CACFC8DFDBD" box="[751,851,497,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9CACFC32FDBD" box="[888,1004,497,519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29CACFBA0FDBD" box="[1030,1150,497,519]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709CACFB22FDBD" box="[1172,1276,497,519]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">5</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19CACFA42FDBD" box="[1301,1436,497,519]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739F47FA42FD8A" box="[151,1436,538,560]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739F47FEE1FD8A" box="[151,319,538,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Midbody scales</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389F47FD9EFD8A" box="[476,576,538,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">25 or 26</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819F47FD08FD8A" box="[613,726,538,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">20–22</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9F47FC8DFD8A" box="[751,851,538,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">23</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9F47FC32FD8A" box="[888,1004,538,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">24 or 25</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29F47FBA0FD8A" box="[1030,1150,538,560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">22</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709F47FB22FD8A" box="[1172,1276,538,560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">29 or 30</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19F47FA42FD8A" box="[1301,1436,538,560]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFECFFC7FF7B9F1EFAFCFCD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="65F7C404FFEC003FFF739F1EFA42FCD2" box="[151,1436,579,872]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739F1EFA42FDE0" box="[151,1436,579,602]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739F1EFE35FDE0" box="[151,491,579,602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Laterally compressed rostrum 0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819F1EFDAAFDE0" box="[613,628,579,602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9F1EFD23FDE0" box="[751,765,579,602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9F1EFC58FDE0" box="[888,902,579,602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29F1EFBCAFDE0" box="[1030,1044,579,602]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709F1EFB7DFDE0" box="[1172,1187,579,602]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19F1EFA42FDE0" box="[1301,1436,579,602]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739F30FA42FD1E" box="[151,1436,621,676]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739F30FE35FD1E" box="[151,491,621,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">No. of scales between 2nd pair 2 of chinshields</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819F30FDAAFD1E" box="[613,628,621,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9F30FD23FD1E" box="[751,765,621,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9F30FC58FD1E" box="[888,902,621,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29F30FBCAFD1E" box="[1030,1044,621,676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709F30FB7DFD1E" box="[1172,1187,621,676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19F30FA42FD1E" box="[1301,1436,621,676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739FEAFA42FD56" box="[151,1436,695,748]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739FEAFE35FD56" box="[151,491,695,748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">No. of infralabials contacted 1 by first 2 pairs of chinshields</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819FEAFDAAFD56" box="[613,628,695,748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9FEAFD23FD56" box="[751,765,695,748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9FEAFC58FD56" box="[888,902,695,748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29FEAFBCAFD56" box="[1030,1044,695,748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709FEAFB7DFD56" box="[1172,1187,695,748]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19FEAFA42FD56" box="[1301,1436,695,748]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739FA2FA42FCAF" box="[151,1436,767,789]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739FA2FE35FCAF" box="[151,491,767,789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Limbs present +</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819FA2FDAAFCAF" box="[613,628,767,789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9FA2FD23FCAF" box="[751,765,767,789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9FA2FC58FCAF" box="[888,902,767,789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29FA2FBCAFCAF" box="[1030,1044,767,789]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709FA2FB7DFCAF" box="[1172,1187,767,789]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19FA2FA42FCAF" box="[1301,1436,767,789]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739E74FA42FC85" box="[151,1436,809,831]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739E74FE35FC85" box="[151,491,809,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Linearly arranged light spots +</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819E74FDAAFC85" box="[613,628,809,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9E74FD23FC85" box="[751,765,809,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9E74FC58FC85" box="[888,902,809,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29E74FBCAFC85" box="[1030,1044,809,831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709E74FB7DFC85" box="[1172,1187,809,831]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19E74FA42FC85" box="[1301,1436,809,831]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739E0FFA42FCD2" box="[151,1436,850,872]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739E0FFE35FCD2" box="[151,491,850,872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Nuchal bands +</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819E0FFDAAFCD2" box="[613,628,850,872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9E0FFD23FCD2" box="[751,765,850,872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9E0FFC58FCD2" box="[888,902,850,872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29E0FFBCAFCD2" box="[1030,1044,850,872]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709E0FFB7DFCD2" box="[1172,1187,850,872]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19E0FFA42FCD2" box="[1301,1436,850,872]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFECFFC7FF7B9E26FEC5FBDB" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<table id="65F7C404FFEC003FFF739E26FA42FBDB" box="[151,1436,891,1121]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739E26FA42FC28" box="[151,1436,891,914]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739E26FEA9FC28" box="[151,375,891,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Yellow spots on head</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389E26FE35FC28" box="[476,491,891,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819E26FDACFC28" box="[613,626,891,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9E26FD22FC28" box="[751,764,891,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9E26FC58FC28" box="[888,902,891,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29E26FBCAFC28" box="[1030,1044,891,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709E26FB69FC28" box="[1172,1207,891,914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0/+</th>
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19E26FA42FC28" box="[1301,1436,891,914]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739EF8FA42FC01" box="[151,1436,933,955]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739EF8FEA9FC01" box="[151,375,933,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Opaque snout scales</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389EF8FE35FC01" box="[476,491,933,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819EF8FDACFC01" box="[613,626,933,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9EF8FD22FC01" box="[751,764,933,955]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9EF8FC58FC01" box="[888,902,933,955]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">0</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29EF8FBCAFC01" box="[1030,1044,933,955]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709EF8FB69FC01" box="[1172,1207,933,955]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19EF8FA42FC01" box="[1301,1436,933,955]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF739E93FA42FC5E" box="[151,1436,974,996]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF739E93FEA9FC5E" box="[151,375,974,996]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Sample size</th>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFE389E93FE35FC5E" box="[476,491,974,996]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD819E93FDACFC5E" box="[613,626,974,996]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">6</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFD0B9E93FD22FC5E" box="[751,764,974,996]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFC9C9E93FC58FC5E" box="[888,902,974,996]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">8</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFBE29E93FBCAFC5E" box="[1030,1044,974,996]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">4</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFB709E93FB69FC5E" box="[1172,1207,974,996]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">10</td>
|
||
<td id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFAF19E93FA42FC5E" box="[1301,1436,974,996]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A9C734E6FFEC003FFF73991AFA42FBDB" box="[151,1436,1095,1121]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="EA165D9AFFEC003FFF73991AFEA9FBDB" box="[151,375,1095,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFECFFC7FF7399D3FD7CF924" blockId="7.[151,1437,1166,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Given the secretive nature of many skinks in general and fossorial skinks in particular, it is not too surprising to find a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FE6C99EEFE02FB70" box="[392,476,1203,1226]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE6C99EEFE02FB70" box="[392,476,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FE07634FFECFFC7FD9F99EFFD3BFB70" box="[635,741,1202,1226]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Not only does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FC7699EEFBE7FB70" box="[914,1081,1203,1226]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FC7699EEFBE7FB70" box="[914,1081,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FBA499EEFB47FB71" bold="true" box="[1088,1177,1203,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFECFFC7FBA499EEFB47FB71" box="[1088,1177,1203,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
represent a new record of yet another poorly known skink from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FE07634FFECFFC7FD89998BFD73FB54" box="[621,685,1238,1262]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pulau</collectingCountry>
|
||
Pinang, it is Peninsular Malaysia’s first completely legless lizard (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFECFFC7FF7A99A7FE9CFAA8" author="Grismer" box="[158,322,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2008) A revised and updated checklist of the lizards of Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1860, 28 - 34." type="journal article" year="2008">Grismer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFECFFC7FE9799A7FDB9FAA8" box="[371,615,1274,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE3C99A6FDCDFAA8" box="[472,531,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented a morphological phylogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFECFFC7FBD599A7FBA8FAA8" box="[1073,1142,1274,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,756,779]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,201,724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,735]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological phylogeny of Larutia proposed by J. Grismer et al. (2003)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202138/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB4E99A6FB20FAA8" box="[1194,1278,1275,1298]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FB4E99A6FB20FAA8" box="[1194,1278,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wherein they hypothesized that the light yellow nuchal bands and opaque scales on the rostrum were derived character states grouping
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FEE7981EFDEBFAE0" box="[259,565,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEE7981EFE4CFAE0" box="[259,402,1346,1370]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FE79981EFDEFFAE0" box="[413,561,1346,1370]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">L. trifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FD88981EFCC0FAE0" box="[620,798,1346,1370]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FD88981EFCC0FAE0" box="[620,798,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the exclusion of
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FC18981EFA90FAE0" box="[1020,1358,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FC18981EFB47FAE0" box="[1020,1177,1346,1370]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB41981EFA94FAE0" box="[1189,1354,1347,1370]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">L. sumatrensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FA61981EFD4EFAC4" authority="Grismer, Leong & Norsham. They" authorityName="Grismer, Leong & Norsham. They" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puehensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FA61981EFEDBFAC4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. puehensis</emphasis>
|
||
Grismer, Leong & Norsham. They
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further hypothesized that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FC529835FB99FAC4" box="[950,1095,1382,1407]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FC529835FB99FAC4" box="[950,1095,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB9A9835FAEEFAC4" box="[1150,1328,1382,1407]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FB9A9835FAEEFAC4" box="[1150,1328,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sister species based on them having three nuchal bands and yellow spots on the head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFECFFC7FBD898D7FB5FFA18" box="[1084,1153,1418,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[327,1265,859,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[327,1265,859,1964]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Upper: Larutia miodactyla from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang (photo by LLG). Lower: Larutia trifasciata from Cameron Highlands, Pahang (photo by LLG)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202139/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFECFFC7FB4B98D7FA42FA18" box="[1199,1436,1418,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FAF698D6FA9DFA18" box="[1298,1347,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also hypothesized that extreme limb reduction (i.e. complete loss of digits and movable wrist and ankle joints) in
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FA6198EDFE6AFA50" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FA6198EDFEC8FA50" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEC5988EFE6EFA50" box="[289,432,1490,1514]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puehensis">L. puehensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FE0F988EFD53FA50" box="[491,653,1491,1514]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE0F988EFD53FA50" box="[491,653,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. sumatrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was evidence supporting their monophyly. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFECFFC7FE2498ABFDDDF9B4" box="[448,515,1526,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[261,1314,963,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[261,1325,960,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from a partitioned phylogenetic analysis of the data (- lnL 8976.934287). Nodes shown with numerical values corresponding to MLBP, and Bayesian PP support values respectively. Terminals are labeled with taxonomic names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202135/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) do not completely agree with some of the relationships proposed by J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFECFFC7FAC198ABFED7F988" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FA6C98A5FF73F988" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The molecular analyses recover
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FD679B46FCD1F988" box="[643,783,1562,1586]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FD679B46FCD1F988" box="[643,783,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FCAC9B46FC07F988" box="[840,985,1562,1586]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FCAC9B46FC07F988" box="[840,985,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister species, and places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FAC69B46FF1FF9EC" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FAC69B46FF1FF9EC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister lineage to them to the exclusion of
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FD3E9B1DFC4DF9EC" box="[730,915,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FD3E9B1DFC4EF9EC" box="[730,912,1598,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">L. seribuatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Unfortunately tissues of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB499B1DFA90F9EC" box="[1197,1358,1599,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FB499B1DFA90F9EC" box="[1197,1358,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. sumatrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FA619B1DFEDBF9C0" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puehensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FA619B1DFEDBF9C0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. puehensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not available and thus these species can not be evaluated. The molecular analyses also recover
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FA619B3EFEFCF924" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FA619B3EFEFCF924" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FECC9BDAFE5FF925" bold="true" box="[296,385,1671,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFECFFC7FECC9BDAFE5FF925" box="[296,385,1671,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
basal to all other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFECFFC7FF239BF7FC64F858" blockId="7.[151,1437,1166,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that extreme limb reduction may be occurring independently within different lineages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEA49B92FE4AF95C" box="[320,404,1743,1766]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FEA49B92FE4AF95C" box="[320,404,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFECFFC7FE479B93FE36F95C" box="[419,488,1742,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[261,1314,963,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[261,1325,960,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from a partitioned phylogenetic analysis of the data (- lnL 8976.934287). Nodes shown with numerical values corresponding to MLBP, and Bayesian PP support values respectively. Terminals are labeled with taxonomic names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202135/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unlike the morphological phylogeny that grouped
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FBD79B8DFAB3F95C" box="[1075,1389,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FBD79B8DFB11F95C" box="[1075,1231,1742,1767]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB3E9B8DFAB6F95C" box="[1242,1384,1742,1767]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puehensis">L. puehensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FF739BAEFEE4F8B0" box="[151,314,1779,1802]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FF739BAEFEE4F8B0" box="[151,314,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. sumatrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of extreme limb reduction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFECFFC7FCE69BAFFC98F8B0" box="[770,838,1778,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,756,779]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,201,724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,735]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological phylogeny of Larutia proposed by J. Grismer et al. (2003)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202138/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the molecular analysis nests
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FB7B9BAEFAE6F8B0" box="[1183,1336,1778,1802]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FB7B9BAEFAE6F8B0" box="[1183,1336,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within a clade containing
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FEBC9A45FD50F894" box="[344,654,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEBC9A45FE36F894" box="[344,488,1814,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FE119A45FD54F894" box="[501,650,1814,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">L. trifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FD229A45FCA7F894" box="[710,889,1814,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FD229A45FCA7F894" box="[710,889,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and does not place it as being closely related to the limbless
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEC19A66FE13F8E8" box="[293,461,1851,1874]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FEC19A66FE13F8E8" box="[293,461,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFECFFC7FE309A66FDF0F8E9" box="[468,558,1851,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE309A66FDF0F8E9" bold="true" box="[468,558,1851,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The degree of limb reduction in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FC449A66FBE4F8E8" box="[928,1082,1850,1874]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FC449A66FBE4F8E8" box="[928,1082,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is so variable (individuals having 0–2 digits) that J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFECFFC7FE749A03FDA1F8CC" box="[400,639,1886,1911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE109A3DFDF8F8CC" box="[500,550,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFECFFC7FD5C9A03FCBBF8CC" author="Grismer" box="[696,869,1886,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011) The Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore and the Adjacent Archipelagos. Their Distribution, Description, and Natural History. - Edition Chaimira, Frankfurt Main." type="book" year="2011">Grismer (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest this species is likely to be a species complex. The specimen used in the molecular analysis had two digits on each limb which is the condition seen in
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FA619ADEFE72F804" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FA619ADEFED6F804" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEF09AF5FE76F804" box="[276,424,1958,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">L. trifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FE009AF5FD49F804" box="[484,663,1958,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FE009AF5FD49F804" box="[484,663,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with whom it was shown to be related (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFECFFC7FBB89AFBFB7EF804" box="[1116,1184,1958,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[261,1314,963,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[261,1325,960,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from a partitioned phylogenetic analysis of the data (- lnL 8976.934287). Nodes shown with numerical values corresponding to MLBP, and Bayesian PP support values respectively. Terminals are labeled with taxonomic names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202135/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The systematics and relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFECFFC7FEAF9A96FE38F858" box="[331,486,1994,2018]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFECFFC7FEAF9A96FE38F858" box="[331,486,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that lack digits remain to be investigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4388662CFFE3FFC8FF739FA9FBD4FCB1" box="[151,1034,756,779]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202138/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[160,1424,201,724]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFE3FFC8FF739FA9FBD4FCB1" blockId="8.[151,1034,756,779]" box="[151,1034,756,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE3FFC8FF739FA9FECCFCB0" bold="true" box="[151,274,756,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE3FFC8FDA69FABFD50FCB1" box="[578,654,758,779]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE3FFC8FDA69FABFD50FCB1" box="[578,654,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by J. Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE3FFC8FC639FABFC64FCB1" box="[903,954,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4388662CFFE3FFC8FF739AE8FDDBF850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202139/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[327,1265,859,1962]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFE3FFC8FF739AE8FDDBF850" blockId="8.[151,1436,1973,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE3FFC8FF739AE8FECDF871" bold="true" box="[151,275,1973,1996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE3FFC8FE839AEAFDF4F876" box="[359,554,1974,1996]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE3FFC8FE839AEAFDF4F876" box="[359,554,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Larutia miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang (photo by LLG). Lower:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE3FFC8FBA19AEAFADEF876" box="[1093,1280,1974,1996]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE3FFC8FBA19AEAFADEF876" box="[1093,1280,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Larutia trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cameron Highlands, Pahang (photo by LLG).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4388662CFFE2FFC9FF739E18FAA2FCE6" box="[151,1404,837,860]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202140/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[313,1273,179,816]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFE2FFC9FF739E18FAA2FCE6" blockId="9.[151,1404,837,860]" box="[151,1404,837,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FF739E18FECDFCE1" bold="true" box="[151,275,837,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FE949E1AFDF8FCE6" box="[368,550,838,860]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FE949E1AFDF8FCE6" box="[368,550,838,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Larutia larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bukit Larut, Perak showing the opaque scales on the rostrum (photo by LLG).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFE2FFC9FF239ED5FC02FBEE" blockId="9.[151,1436,904,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The molecular phylogeny also does not support the hypothesis that the putatively derived (J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFE2FFC9FB189ED5FF0EFC7E" author="Grismer" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FA859ED7FA42FC1B" box="[1377,1436,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) acquisition of opaque scales on the rostrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFE2FFC9FD339EF1FCC4FC7E" box="[727,794,940,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,179,816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[313,1273,179,816]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Head of Larutia larutensis from Bukit Larut, Perak showing the opaque scales on the rostrum (photo by LLG)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202140/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) has utility in delimiting monophyletic subgroups within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FF739E8FFF35FC53" box="[151,235,978,1001]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FF739E8FFF35FC53" box="[151,235,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being that opaque scales occur in the most basal species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FC649E8FFBF4FC53" box="[896,1066,978,1001]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FC649E8FFBF4FC53" box="[896,1066,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. penangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FBD79E8CFB50FC53" bold="true" box="[1075,1166,977,1001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EB057CDFFE2FFC9FBD79E8CFB50FC53" box="[1075,1166,977,1001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FB2C9E8FFAA2FC53" box="[1224,1404,977,1001]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FB2C9E8FFAA2FC53" box="[1224,1404,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the most derived species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FDFD9EABFD79FBB7" box="[537,679,1013,1037]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FDFD9EABFD79FBB7" box="[537,679,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FD069EABFCABFBB7" box="[738,885,1013,1037]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FD069EABFCABFBB7" box="[738,885,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FBA29EABFB3CFBB7" box="[1094,1250,1013,1037]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FBA29EABFB3CFBB7" box="[1094,1250,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is nested between these lineages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFE2FFC9FE439945FE32FB8A" box="[423,492,1048,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[261,1314,963,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[261,1325,960,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from a partitioned phylogenetic analysis of the data (- lnL 8976.934287). Nodes shown with numerical values corresponding to MLBP, and Bayesian PP support values respectively. Terminals are labeled with taxonomic names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). This would suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FCF69947FC72FB8B" box="[786,940,1049,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FCF69947FC72FB8B" box="[786,940,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have the autapomorphic state of losing opaque scales and that their presence in the other species is plesiomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="174836A4FFE2FFC9FF21993CFC1CF9F6" blockId="9.[151,1436,904,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73664B55FFE2FFC9FF3B993DFE10FBC2" box="[223,462,1120,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" refString="Grismer, J. L., Leong, T. M. & Norsham, S. Y. (2003) Two new Southeast Asian skinks of the genus Larutia and intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 59, 554 - 566." type="journal article">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FEA7993FFEABFBC3" box="[323,373,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also hypothesized that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FD3D993FFCB5FBC3" box="[729,875,1121,1145]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FD3D993FFCB5FBC3" box="[729,875,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FC47993FFB88FBC3" box="[931,1110,1121,1145]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FC47993FFB88FBC3" box="[931,1110,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sister species based on the presence of three nuchal bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFE2FFC9FDCF99D9FDB0FB26" box="[555,622,1156,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,756,779]" captionTargetBox="[160,1424,201,724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,735]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological phylogeny of Larutia proposed by J. Grismer et al. (2003)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202138/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) and head spotting whereas the molecular analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FCC2A21FFE2FFC9FB5B99D9FADCFB26" box="[1215,1282,1156,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[261,1314,963,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[261,1325,960,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from a partitioned phylogenetic analysis of the data (- lnL 8976.934287). Nodes shown with numerical values corresponding to MLBP, and Bayesian PP support values respectively. Terminals are labeled with taxonomic names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202135/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FAB099DBFF3BFB7B" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FAB099DBFF3BFB7B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FE0D99F7FDA7FB7B" box="[489,633,1193,1217]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FE0D99F7FDA7FB7B" box="[489,633,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FD5499F7FCB6FB7B" box="[688,872,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FD5499F7FCBAFB7B" box="[688,868,1193,1217]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">L. seribuatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
all basal to a clade containing
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FB2599F7FF28FB5F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FB2599F7FA91FB7B" box="[1217,1359,1193,1217]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FABF99F7FF2DFB5F" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">L. trifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FECA9993FE0EFB5F" box="[302,464,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FECA9993FE12FB5F" box="[302,460,1229,1253]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The examination of additional specimens of each species indicates that the number of nuchal bands and degree of head spotting can be quite variable, and that these character states may be unreliable as indicators of relationship. What the molecular phylogeny also suggests is that nuchal banding occurred in the ancestor of
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FEF99867FCC7FAEB" box="[285,793,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FEF99867FE0DFAEB" box="[285,467,1337,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">L. seribuatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FE3B9867FDA0FAEB" box="[479,638,1337,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FD6F9867FCC7FAEB" box="[651,793,1337,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FCB69867FC3AFAEB" box="[850,996,1337,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FCB69867FC3AFAEB" box="[850,996,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was independently lost in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FAAD9867FF34FACF" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FAAD9867FF34FACF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or that it evolved independently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FD999803FCEEFACF" box="[637,816,1373,1397]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seribuatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FD999803FCEEFACF" box="[637,816,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. seribuatensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FBF19803FB7CFACF" box="[1045,1186,1373,1397]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FBF19803FB7CFACF" box="[1045,1186,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. larutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FB3E9803FAB2FACF" box="[1242,1388,1373,1397]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FB3E9803FAB2FACF" box="[1242,1388,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. trifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was never present in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FE5598DFFD92FA23" box="[433,588,1409,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FE5598DFFD92FA23" box="[433,588,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">L. miodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage. We prefer the former hypothesis on the basis that in
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FAEC98DFFA45FA23" box="[1288,1435,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FAEC98DFFA49FA23" box="[1288,1431,1409,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larutensis">L. larutensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
nuchal banding only occurs in juveniles and is lost in adulthood, indicating that this is a character that is subject to loss. There are no independent data suggesting this character can evolve independently. With the acquisition of tissues from
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FEEB98B3FD8FF9BF" box="[271,593,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FEEB98B3FE41F9BF" box="[271,415,1517,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="puehensis">L. puehensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FE4998B3FD8FF9BF" box="[429,593,1518,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">L. sumatrensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and especially
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FCE098B3FC78F9BF" box="[772,934,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FCE098B3FC7CF9BF" box="[772,930,1517,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miodactyla">L. miodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we will be able to more adequately discuss aspects the evolution of limb loss within and among the various lineages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F74D27FFE2FFC9FC089B4FFB9EF993" box="[1004,1088,1554,1577]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Larutia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2583EAB6FFE2FFC9FC089B4FFB9EF993" box="[1004,1088,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Larutia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the historical biogeography of this group within the context of that of other Sundaland taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |