297 lines
39 KiB
XML
297 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="FB764E98B7376106B3FB05D3395F355F">
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<mods:title id="5263446A938A83AB357FEE768CEB4C2D">The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP 6)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3841E5A260EC031D03CC9A352DF12F14">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DB7DDB6FAACD5B02E2BC2F01AEEAC4CE">Augé, Marc Louis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE7BB7D79FE0EFB54DFB2894C2D92D24">Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris 6, Sorbonne Université), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, case postale 38, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="401BD80912032FEA48803E56A2A3789C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="834756B084516B50505AB0A6129D0389">Dion, Michaël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFDE5BFF058CC2458BAFA8718D557379">1 chemin du Cochelet, F- 02220 Mont Saint Martin (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6A65BA78362724374B06014555C0A133">Phélizon, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E3E4607DE7F271BB3309045B1A27B52">Société d’Étude des Sciences naturelles de Reims, 122 bis rue du Barbâtre, F- 51100 Reims (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BAFB3F2278F9280BF41480CCF821D3FD" type="email">alain.phelizon@orange.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="401EB651DC0E93A2E51ADBBE3B2600AF">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A887D1141899F4C383B09F8E7CA1F59F">
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<mods:date id="5CDFF67841CADABC4066CEFA89DF4813">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="600949ABFCE60FD5DAD9118D87C94658">2021-09-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="25D586570B7A76CF052DFA93F8CA6E1F">43</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ECA6741B79F9965A9FA15AFE7D5B664D">17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0F23E968FF8DFF91FBA27BCED7E2F958" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636465" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189796623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5636465" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F23E968FF8DFF91FBA27BCED7E2F958" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F23E968FF8DFF91FBA27BCED7E2F958" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">
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<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF8DFF97FBA27BCED0F0FA39" box="[1048,1221,1427,1453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8DFF97FBA27BCED0F0FA39" blockId="10.[1048,1221,1427,1453]" box="[1048,1221,1427,1453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">
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<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8DFF97FBA27BCED04AFA39" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[1048,1151,1427,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguidae</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF8DFF97FC977B91D097F98D" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8DFF97FC977B91D097F98D" blockId="10.[813,1455,1484,1561]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<materialsCitation id="37E25223FF8DFF97FB9B7B91D097F98D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396082306" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">
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<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF8DFF97FB9B7B91D041FA70" box="[1057,1140,1484,1508]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">MNHN</collectionCode>
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.F.MTC241 (
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<figureCitation id="1FB144FBFF8DFF97FB4C7B91D118FA70" box="[1270,1325,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[219,230,1100,1117]" captionTargetBox="[242,1346,240,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-464@12.[185,1508,214,1123]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Anguimorpha,?Anguidae, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC241: A, lingual view; B, labial view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628451/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). The incomplete left dentary represents the middle and posterior parts of the bone and its ventral margin is broken.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF8DFF96FC97780ED5AAF8DF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="654" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8DFF97FC97780ED788F9FF" blockId="10.[810,1457,1619,2028]" box="[813,957,1619,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8DFF96FC97782FD6C4FA39" blockId="10.[810,1457,1619,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[130,777,1363,1867]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="654" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">
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This small dentary (L:
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<quantity id="4072F59BFF8DFF97FB93782FD0B6F919" box="[1065,1155,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
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) carries eight rather widely spaced tooth positions, but only one tooth is preserved. In medial view, the subdental shelf and the dental row are slightly concave. The subdental shelf forms a narrow, rounded surface overhanging the sulcus Meckeli. This fossa is rather narrow and faces mostly ventrally, mainly towards the anterior end of the bone. The dentition is subpleurodont (
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8DFF97FB54796FD117F8DF" box="[1262,1314,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8DFF97FA92796FD19DF8D8" author="CAMP C. L." box="[1320,1448,1842,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" pagination="289 - 481" refId="ref9012" refString="CAMP C. L. 1923. - A classification of the lizards. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48: 289 - 481. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 898" type="journal article" year="1923">Camp 1923</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8DFF97FC97790CD7D7F8F8" author="HOFFSTETTER R." box="[813,994,1873,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653" pagination="422 - 424" refId="ref10959" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. 1954. - Sur la position systematique de Necrosaurus: Saurien de l'Eocene europeen. Comptes Rendus de la Societe geologique de France 16: 422 - 424." type="journal article" year="1954">Hoffstetter 1954</bibRefCitation>
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), that is the teeth tend to be attached to a single plane and the subdental table, as defined byRage & Augé (2010) becomes an inclined surface. Hence tooth bases are attached to a moderately inclined or concave surface. Moreover, this
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<typeStatus id="5831E6DCFF8DFF97FC3D798FD780F878" box="[903,949,2002,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="653">type</typeStatus>
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of implantation is often associated with a poor development or absence of the sulcus dentalis and subdental shelf; effectively the dentary from Montchenot has no sulcus dentalis and a poorly developed, rounded subdental shelf.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D3F508F6FF8CFF96FF377B59D18FFA81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628449" box="[141,1466,1284,1301]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628449/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" startId="11.[141,152,1284,1301]" targetBox="[319,1268,215,1244]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF96FF377B59D18FFA81" blockId="11.[141,1466,1284,1301]" box="[141,1466,1284,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">
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FIG. 7. — Cf.
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FF497B59D5A3FA81" box="[243,406,1284,1301]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">Camptognatosaurus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8CFF96FE227B59D6F5FA81" authority="Folie, Smith & Smith, 2013" authorityName="Folie, Smith & Smith" authorityYear="2013" box="[408,704,1284,1301]" class="Reptilia" family="Polyodontobaenidae" genus="Camptognathosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parisiensis">
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FE227B59D5DEFA81" box="[408,491,1284,1301]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">parisiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FE577B59D6F5FA81" author="FOLIE A. & SMITH R. & SMITH T." box="[493,704,1284,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="227 - 235" refId="ref10223" refString="FOLIE A., SMITH R. & SMITH T. 2013. - New amphisbaenian lizards from the EarlyPaleogene of Europe and their implications for the early evolution of modern amphisbaenians. Geologica Belgica 16 (4): 227 - 235." type="journal article" year="2013">Folie,Smith & Smith,2013</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,posterior part of a left dentary,MNHN.F.MTC238:
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FBF77B59D06FFA81" bold="true" box="[1101,1114,1284,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">A</emphasis>
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, labial view;
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FB017B59D0FDFA81" bold="true" box="[1211,1224,1284,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">B</emphasis>
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, lingual view.Scale bar:1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF96FF217BEED5AAF8DF" blockId="11.[130,777,1363,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">The lateral surface is gently convex, smooth and preserves only two labial (mental) foramina. The base of the single preserved tooth is not covered by cementum, except for two small anterior and posterior deposits. It is somewhat expanded, so that the mesial side of the tooth base comes near the dorsal margin of the subdental shelf. The tooth shaft slightly bends posteriorly and it steadily tapers dorsally towards the crown. The apex is rather rounded, with an incipient central bulb and two slight lateral shoulders. The tooth base is excavated by a central replacement pit. The tooth projects about onehalf of its height above the parapet of the dentary. There are no striae on the apex of the tooth but they could have been obliterated by weathering.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF8CFF91FF3E792CD7E2F958" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF96FF3E792CD5E2F81E" blockId="11.[130,778,1905,2027]" box="[132,471,1905,1931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">COMPARISONS AND DISCUSSION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF96FF3E79CFD731F87F" blockId="11.[130,778,1905,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">Dentary MNHN.F.MTC241 is referred to an anguimorph lizard because it shows the following combination of characters: 1) Sulcus Meckeli faces ventrally in anterior portion of dentary</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF96FC917B0ED190FA59" blockId="11.[811,1457,1363,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FC8C7B09D7EAFAF9" author="ESTES R. & DE QUEIROZ K. & GAUTHIER J." box="[822,991,1363,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="119 - 281" refId="ref9747" refString="ESTES R., DE QUEIROZ K. & GAUTHIER J. 1988. - Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata, in ESTES R. & PREGILL G. (eds), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families. Stanford University Press, Stanford: 119 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1988">
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Estes
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FCCB7B09D797FAF9" box="[881,930,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">et al.</emphasis>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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); 2) narrow and rounded subdental shelf; 3) teeth subpleurodont; 4) absence of sulcus dentalis; 5) crescentis or boat shaped tooth row (
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FBF17BC9D0F5FA39" author="ESTES R." box="[1099,1216,1427,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref9634" refString="ESTES R. 1964. - Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49: 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="1964">Estes 1964</bibRefCitation>
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); and 6) teeth unicuspid, without lateral cups, not closely spaced (
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FAA97BEED1A0FA59" author="CAMP C. L." box="[1299,1429,1459,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="289 - 481" refId="ref9012" refString="CAMP C. L. 1923. - A classification of the lizards. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48: 289 - 481. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 898" type="journal article" year="1923">Camp 1923</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF96FCF97B8ED781F898" blockId="11.[811,1457,1363,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">
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Some of these characters are regarded as anguimorphan synapomorphies (e.g. character 1,
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FB107BAED16BF999" author="ESTES R. & DE QUEIROZ K. & GAUTHIER J." box="[1194,1374,1523,1549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="119 - 281" refId="ref9747" refString="ESTES R., DE QUEIROZ K. & GAUTHIER J. 1988. - Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata, in ESTES R. & PREGILL G. (eds), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families. Stanford University Press, Stanford: 119 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1988">
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Estes
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FB537BAED12BF999" box="[1257,1310,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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), however several of them are not clear synapomorphies as they are subject to important variability among anguimorph taxa and often they are not unique to anguimorphs (
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FAD5780ED753F918" author="EVANS S. E." pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref9839" refString="EVANS S. E. 2008. - The skull of Lizards and Tuatara, in GANS C., GAUNT A. S. & ADLER K. (eds), Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 20. Morphology H, The Skull of Lepidosauria. Society for the study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York: 1 - 347" type="book chapter" year="2008">Evans 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). For example, the narrowness and reduction of the subdental shelf are very different among anguimorph lizards: from a well developed subdental shelf in
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<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8CFF96FABF78EED149F958" box="[1285,1404,1715,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FABF78EED149F958" box="[1285,1404,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">Xenosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to a near absence in
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<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8CFF96FC5E788ED00FF978" box="[996,1082,1747,1772]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FC5E788ED00FF978" box="[996,1082,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">Varanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see other examples in
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<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FAFF788FD797F898" author="BOCHATON C. & BOISTEL R. & CASAGRANDE F. & GROUARD S. & BAILON S." pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8567" refString="BOCHATON C., BOISTEL R., CASAGRANDE F., GROUARD S. & BAILON S. 2016. - A fossil Diploglossus (Squamata, Anguidae) lizard from Basse-Terre and Grande-Terre Islands (Guadeloupe, French West Indies). Scientific Reports 6 (28475): 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 28475" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Bochaton
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8CFF96FC9778AED757F898" box="[813,866,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF8CFF91FCF9794FD594F939" blockId="11.[811,1457,1363,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[131,777,1172,2028]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="11" pageNumber="654">
|
||
Conflicting characters that are often cited as anguimorphan synapomorphies are clearly absent in the dentary from Montchenot: tooth apex pointed and tooth replacement alternate or distally displaced replacement pit on tooth bases (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8CFF96FC8C79CCD049F838" author="MCDOWELL S. B. & BOGERT C. M." box="[822,1148,1937,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="654" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref12152" refString="MCDOWELL S. B. & BOGERT C. M. 1954. - The systematic position of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the Anguinomorphan lizards. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 105 (1): 1 - 142. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1146" type="journal article" year="1954">McDowell & Bogert (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Pointed, canine like teeth indicative of predaceous habits are common in anguimorph lizards but rounded tooth apex occasionally provided with a cutting edge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FE8F7AC9D59AFB3A" author="ESTES R." box="[309,431,1172,1198]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref9634" refString="ESTES R. 1964. - Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49: 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="1964">Estes 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has sometimes been regarded as an anguid synapomorphy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FE697AE9D6B8FB5A" author="ESTES R. & DE QUEIROZ K. & GAUTHIER J." box="[467,653,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="119 - 281" refId="ref9747" refString="ESTES R., DE QUEIROZ K. & GAUTHIER J. 1988. - Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata, in ESTES R. & PREGILL G. (eds), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families. Stanford University Press, Stanford: 119 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1988">Estes et al 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Alternate tooth replacement is a clear feature of some extant and fossil anguimorph taxa, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE767AA9D614FA99" box="[460,545,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FE767AA9D614FA99" box="[460,545,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Varanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FD887AAED68CFA99" box="[562,697,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Lanthanotidae" genus="Lanthanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FD887AAED68CFA99" box="[562,697,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Lanthanotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FD717AAED4F2FAB9" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1829" class="Reptilia" family="Helodermatidae" genus="Heloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FD717AAED4F2FAB9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Heloderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FF6E7B49D516FABA" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1870" box="[212,291,1300,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Saniwa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FF6E7B49D516FABA" box="[212,291,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Saniwa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE8B7B4ED5F2FAB9" box="[305,455,1299,1325]" class="Reptilia" family="Palaeovaranidae" genus="Palaeovaranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FE8B7B4ED5F2FAB9" box="[305,455,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Palaeovaranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE4D7B49D643FAB9" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1876" box="[503,630,1300,1325]" class="Reptilia" family="Necrosauridae" genus="Necrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FE4D7B49D643FAB9" box="[503,630,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Necrosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Otherwise, tooth replacement shows important intra-individual and intraspecific variability among anguid taxa. In some anguids the variability appears along the tooth row: in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FF3C7BCED53CFA39" box="[134,265,1427,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Gerrhonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FF3C7BCED53CFA39" box="[134,265,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Gerrhonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FEFC7BCED5F0FA39" box="[326,453,1427,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Diploglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FEFC7BCED5F0FA39" box="[326,453,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Diploglossus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first tooth bases have a central replacement pit while the others bear a distally displaced replacement pit. The same variability is also evident in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FEAE7BAED54BF999" box="[276,382,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FEAE7BAED54BF999" box="[276,382,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">Pseudopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE377BAED5CEF999" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[397,507,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anguinae">Anguinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FD267BAED488F9B9" author="KLEMBARA J." pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="854 - 866" refId="ref11574" refString="KLEMBARA J. 2012. - A new species of Pseudopus (Squamata, Anguidae) from the early Miocene of NorthWest Bohemia (Czech Republic). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (4): 854 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2012.670177" type="journal article" year="2012">Klembara 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Klembara
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FEFA784ED543F9B8" box="[320,374,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010, 2014). The presence of these two characters (rounded apex and tooth replacement) may be indicative of anguid affinities but the evidence is at best feeble and further comparisons with more complete material should be carried out.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D3F508F6FF8BFF91FF617A11D0C9FBC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628451" box="[219,1276,1100,1117]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628451/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" startId="12.[219,230,1100,1117]" targetBox="[242,1346,240,1056]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF8BFF91FF617A11D0C9FBC9" blockId="12.[219,1276,1100,1117]" box="[219,1276,1100,1117]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">
|
||
FIG. 8. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE917A11D5ABFBC9" authorityName="Furbringer" authorityYear="1900" box="[299,414,1100,1117]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Anguimorpha">Anguimorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
,?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE147A11D634FBC9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[430,513,1100,1117]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC241:
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FCC87A11D74AFBC9" bold="true" box="[882,895,1100,1117]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">A</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FC4E7A11D034FBC9" bold="true" box="[1012,1025,1100,1117]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">B</emphasis>
|
||
, labial view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF8BFF91FF2178EED548F878" blockId="12.[131,777,1172,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">
|
||
Many purported terrestrial
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FE5E78EFD6B3F958" authorityName="Furbringer" authorityYear="1900" box="[484,646,1714,1740]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Anguimorpha">Anguimorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described from the Mesozoic fossil record in Europe, Asia and North America (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FE2378AFD667F898" author="HOFFSTETTER R." box="[409,594,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="349 - 371" refId="ref11084" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. 1967. - Coup d'oeil sur les Sauriens (Lacertiliens) des couches de Purbeck (Jurassique superieur d'Angleterre, Resume d'un memoire). Colloques internationaux du CNRS 163: 349 - 371." type="journal article" year="1967">Hoffstetter 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FDDB78AFD6CAF898" author="ALIFANOV V. R." box="[609,767,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="368 - 389" refId="ref7866" refString="ALIFANOV V. R. 2000. - The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia, in BENTON M. J., SHISHKIN M. A., UNWIN D. M. & KUROCHKIN E. N. (eds), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 368 - 389." type="book chapter" year="2000">Alifanov 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FF3E794FD533F8B8" author="EVANS S. E." box="[132,262,1810,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="33 - 49" refId="ref9796" refString="EVANS S. E. 1994. - A new anguimorph lizard from the Jurassic and lower Cretaceous of England. Palaeontology 37 (1): 33 - 49. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 174188" type="journal article" year="1994">Evans 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FEAF794FD5E1F8B8" author="EVANS S. E. & RAIA P. & BARBERA C." box="[277,468,1810,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="673 - 683" refId="ref9906" refString="EVANS S. E., RAIA P. & BARBERA C. 2006. - The Lower Cretaceous lizard genus Chometokadmon from Italy. Cretaceous Research 27: 673 - 683. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2006.03.004" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Evans
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FEE4794FD5A1F8B8" box="[350,404,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FE5E794FD6E0F8B8" author="FERNANDEZ V. & BUFFETAUT E. & SUTEETHORN V. & RAGE J. - C. & FOREAU P. & KUNDRAT M." box="[484,725,1809,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref9953" refString="FERNANDEZ V., BUFFETAUT E., SUTEETHORN V., RAGE J. - C., TAF- FOREAU P. & KUNDRAT M. 2015. - Evidence of egg diversity in Squamate evolution from Cretaceous anguimorph embryos. Plos One: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0128610" type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Fernandez
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FDE5794FD6A0F8B8" box="[607,661,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In particular, the Cretaceous record includes fossils that bear some resemblances to extant terrestrial anguimorphan families (e.g.?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FF57792CD62CF81F" authority=", Perez-Garcia" authorityName="Perez-Garcia" box="[237,537,1905,1931]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Xenosauridae, Pérez-García</taxonomicName>
|
||
et al 2015;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FD2D792CD570F83F" authority=", Blain et al. 2010" authorityName="Blain" authorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Anguidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FF3979CCD570F83F" author="BLAIN H. - A. & CANUDO J. - I. & BESCOS G. & MARTINEZ N." box="[131,325,1937,1963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="433 - 446" refId="ref8421" refString="BLAIN H. - A., CANUDO J. - I., CUENCA- BESCOS G. & LOPEZ- MARTINEZ N. 2010. - Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the latest Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Blasi 2 (Huesca, Spain). Cretaceous Research 31: 433 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2010.06.001" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Blain
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FF7379CFD534F83F" box="[201,257,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FEEC79CCD6CAF83F" authority=", Nydam 2000" authorityName="Nydam" authorityYear="2000" box="[342,767,1937,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Helodermatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Helodermatidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FDA579CCD681F83F" author="NYDAM R. L." box="[543,692,1937,1963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="285 - 294" refId="ref12366" refString="NYDAM R. L. 2000. - A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah. Journal of Vert ebrate Paleontology 20 (2): 285 - 294. https: // doi. org / db 8 vf 8" type="journal article" year="2000">Nydam 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Platynotan,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FEB079ECD5FCF85F" author="NORELL M. A. & GAO K. Q. & CONRAD J." box="[266,457,1969,1995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref12306" refString="NORELL M. A., GAO K. Q. & CONRAD J. 2007. - A new platynotan lizard (Diapsida: Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous Gobi desert (Omnogov), Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3605: 1 - 22. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 5910" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Norell
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FEED79EFD5BEF85F" box="[343,395,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FE6D79EFD643F85F" author="MO J. Y. & XU X. & EVANS S." box="[471,630,1969,1996]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="333 - 339" refId="ref12250" refString="MO J. Y., XU X. & EVANS S. 2012. - A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the late Cretaceous of South China. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 10 (2): 333 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2011.588254" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Mo
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FDBE79EFD60DF85F" box="[516,568,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Varanoidea,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FF39798FD559F87F" author="HOUSSAYE A. & RAGE J. - C. & BALDOR F. T. & HUERTA P. & BARDET N. & PEREDA SUBERBIOLA X." box="[131,364,2001,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref11305" refString="HOUSSAYE A., RAGE J. - C., FERNANDEZ- BALDOR F. T., HUERTA P., BARDET N. & PEREDA SUBERBIOLA X. 2013. - A new varanoid squamate from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) of Burgos, Spain. Cretaceous Research 41: 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2012.11.005" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Houssaye
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FF4C798FD51EF87F" box="[246,299,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF8BFF91FCF97AC9D7E2F958" blockId="12.[812,1457,1172,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">
|
||
In contrast, fossils attributed to anguimorphan lizards in the early European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FB857AE9D086FB5A" authority="Montchenot" authorityName="Montchenot" box="[1087,1203,1204,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Shinisauridae" genus="Paleocene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paleocene</taxonomicName>
|
||
are far more scanty. Lizard extinctions across the K/T boundary may explain this poor record (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FC467AAED0D9FA9A" author="LONGRICH N. R. & BHULLAR B. - A. S. & GAUTHIER J." box="[1020,1260,1267,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="21396 - 21401" refId="ref12006" refString="LONGRICH N. R., BHULLAR B. - A. S. & GAUTHIER J. 2012. - Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (52): 21396 - 21401. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1211526110" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Longrich
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FBD57AA9D09DFA99" box="[1135,1192,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but it may also reflect the paucity of fossil lizards described so far in the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FC187B6ED026FAD9" authority="Montchenot" authorityName="Montchenot" box="[930,1043,1331,1357]" class="Reptilia" family="Shinisauridae" genus="Paleocene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paleocene</taxonomicName>
|
||
(table 1). Among them, the incomplete dentary referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FBDF7B0ED13EFAF9" authorityName="Furbringer" authorityYear="1900" box="[1125,1291,1363,1389]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Anguimorpha">Anguimorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet. found in the late
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FC0B7B2ED016FA19" authority="Montchenot" authorityName="Montchenot" box="[945,1059,1395,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Shinisauridae" genus="Paleocene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paleocene</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Rivecourt (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF8BFF91FB6D7B2ED192FA19" author="SMITH T. & QUESNEL F. & DE PLOEG G. & DE FRANCESCHI D. & METAIS G. & DE BAST E. & SOLE F. & FOLIE A. & BOURA A. & CLAUDE C. & DUPUIS C. & GAGNAISON C. & IAKOVLEVA A. & MARTIN J. & MAUBERT F. & PRIEUR J. & ROCHE E. & STORME J. - Y. & THOMAS R. & TONG H. & YANS J. & BUFFETAUT E." box="[1239,1447,1395,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="655" pagination="93249" refId="ref13433" refString="SMITH T., QUESNEL F., DE PLOEG G., DE FRANCESCHI D., METAIS G., DE BAST E., SOLE F., FOLIE A., BOURA A., CLAUDE C., DUPUIS C., GAGNAISON C., IAKOVLEVA A., MARTIN J., MAUBERT F., PRIEUR J., ROCHE E., STORME J. - Y., THOMAS R., TONG H., YANS J. & BUFFETAUT E. 2014. - First Clarkforkian Equivalent Land Mammal Age in the Latest Paleocene Basal Sparnacian Facies of Europe: Fauna, Flora, Paleoenvironment and (Bio) stratigraphy. Plos One 9 (3): e 93249. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0086229" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Smith
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<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF8BFF91FA9D7B29D154FA19" box="[1319,1377,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 7) bears some resemblances with the dentary from Montchenot: teeth subpleurodont, rounded subdental shelf, teeth apparently with a central replacement pit but all these features are plesiomorphic within
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<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF8BFF91FAB37BAED19FF999" authorityName="Furbringer" authorityYear="1900" box="[1289,1450,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Anguimorpha">Anguimorpha</taxonomicName>
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. Another possibility could be an attribution to another anguimorphan lizard, a pan-shinisaur whose osteoderms are present in the locality. However, except for its anguimorphan relationships, nothing in the morphology of this dentary (particularly its size) is consistent with such an attribution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |