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<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFF551A72FE94FEE3" box="[151,256,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figures 7</figureCitation>
A–O, 18 D, 19 C–D
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF551ABAFEDEFE1D" box="[151,330,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Cidaris variegata</emphasis>
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: 85
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF551A9BFECEFE7C" box="[151,346,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Echinus variegatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFEA21A9BFE68FE7C" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[352,508,428,450]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref56558" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF551AFDFEBBFE5E" box="[151,303,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Psammechinus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF551ADDFE1BFE41" box="[151,399,490,511]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Toxopneustes variegatus</emphasis>
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: 168
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.― 
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFD561ADEFCF7FE41" author="Rathbun, R." box="[660,867,489,511]" page="144" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1879">
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: 144
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF55193FFEE1FDA0" box="[151,373,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lytechinus variegatus</emphasis>
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: 24
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.― 
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: 120
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–121.― 
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: 358
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.– 
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–61, pl. 2, figs 2, 6.– 
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: 21
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, 25, 26, figs 12–15; pl. 1, fig. 5; 1964: 92; 1966a: 14–15; 1966b: 254–256; 1967: 50; 1972: 26, figs 51–52.― 
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFE411972FDBFFDE5" author="Brito, I. M." box="[387,555,581,603]" page="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1960">
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: 3
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, pl. 1a, 2c, f; 1962: 5; 1968: 23, pl. 10, fig. 4.― 
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFB971972FA8DFDE5" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[1109,1305,581,603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="155 - 156" refId="ref57708" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1968) Notas sobre a familia Toxopneustidae no nordeste brasileiro (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Arquivos da Estacao de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceara, 8 (2), 155 - 156." type="journal article" year="1968">Lima-Verde, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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; 1988: 2.― 
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.― 
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Magalhães 
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Ventura 
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; 2007b: 279, tab. 11.2, 280, fig. 11.1a, 290, anexo 11.1; 2014: 65, with one figure.– 
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Manso 
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, figs 4a–b.– 
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFACD1996FF74FD68" author="Xavier, L. A. R." page="75" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2010">
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.– 
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFE8D19F6FE16FD68" box="[335,386,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
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: 142
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4d.– 
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFD9119F7FCA6FD68" author="Alitto, R. A. S. &amp; Bueno, M. L. &amp; Domenico, M. D. &amp; Borges, M." box="[595,818,704,726]" page="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2016">
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Alitto 
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E24FFFAFF5519E9FD58FD4A" blockId="23.[151,1437,397,818]" box="[151,716,734,757]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E24FFFAFF5519E9FD58FD4A" box="[151,716,734,757]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E24FFFAFF5519E9FD5CFD4A" ID-CoL="5JGQQ" authority="H. L. Clark, 1942: 380" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="380" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,712,734,757]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF5519E9FE4BFD4A" box="[151,479,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lytechinus variegatus atlanticus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFE2719E8FD5CFD4A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[485,712,734,756]" page="380" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1942">
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: 380
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E24FFFAFF5519CAFD24FCAD" blockId="23.[151,1437,397,818]" box="[151,688,765,787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF5519CAFE95FCAD" box="[151,257,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Litechinus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E24FFFAFEC519C9FDEDFCAD" ID-CoL="3WVCB" authority="Alves &amp; Cerqueira, 2000" authorityName="Alves &amp; Cerqueira" authorityYear="2000" box="[263,633,765,787]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFEC519C9FEE6FCAD" box="[263,370,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">variegatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
. 547.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E24FFFAFF55182BFA13FC8C" blockId="23.[151,1437,397,818]" box="[151,1415,796,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF55182BFE72FC8C" box="[151,486,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lytechinus variegatus variegatus</emphasis>
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: 602
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 603.― 
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFCCE182BFBB0FC8C" author="Fernandes, M. L. B. &amp; Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Lima, E. J. B." box="[780,1060,796,818]" page="422" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFCCE182BFC60FC8C" author="Fernandes, M. L. B. &amp; Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Lima, E. J. B." box="[780,1012,796,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="405 - 427" refId="ref52988" refString="Fernandes, M. L. B., Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Lima, E. J. B. (2002) Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. In: Tabarelli, M. &amp; Silva, J. M. C. (Eds.), Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol. 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 405 - 427." type="book chapter" year="2002">
Fernandes 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFCBF182AFC25FC8C" box="[893,945,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 422
</treatmentCitation>
.― 
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E24FFFAFB83182BFAA1FC8C" author="Oliveira, J. P. &amp; Oliveira, J. &amp; Manso, C. L. C." box="[1089,1333,796,818]" page="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFB83182BFA86FC8C" author="Oliveira, J. P. &amp; Oliveira, J. &amp; Manso, C. L. C." box="[1089,1298,796,818]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref61513" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. &amp; Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">
Oliveira 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFB5E182AFB5BFC8C" box="[1180,1231,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4c.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E24FFFAFF551869FA11F8A1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E24FFFAFF551869FA11F8A1" blockId="23.[151,1437,862,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF551869FE17FCC9" bold="true" box="[151,387,862,887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
Paraíba: 1 spm, Cabo Branco Beach, João Pessoa, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC1F1869FBC8FCC9" box="[989,1116,862,887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2007-09-25">25.IX.2007</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1158]; 1 spm, Cabo Branco Beach, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE4418B4FD91FC25" box="[390,517,899,923]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2000-03-21">21.III.2000</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1321]; 1 spm, Cabo Branco Beach, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFBF718B4FB21FC25" box="[1077,1205,899,923]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1980-11-20">20.XI.1980</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1364]; 1 spm, Galé Reef, Pitimbú, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE271890FDFAFC01" box="[485,622,935,959]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-12-12">12.XII.2008</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1461]; 2 spms, Cabo Branco Beach, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFB051890FAADFC01" box="[1223,1337,935,959]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2009-05-29">29.V.2009</date>
[UFPB/ ECH.1552]; 1 spm, 
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<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFE3D18FDFD1DFC5D" box="[511,649,970,995]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="-34.731667">34°43′54″W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFD5A18FDFC81FC5D" box="[664,789,970,995]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2006-03-14">14.III.2006</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1718]; 1 spm, Bessa Beach, João Pessoa, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFF5518D9FEBDFBB9" box="[151,297,1006,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2005-08-20">20.VIII.2005</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1719]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFDAF18D9FD2CFBB9" box="[621,696,1006,1031]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.9166665">6°55′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD0218D9FCB7FBB9" box="[704,803,1006,1031]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.783333">34°47′W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFCF218D9FC28FBB9" box="[816,956,1006,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2006-07-03">03.VII.2006</date>
, 10 m [UFPB/ECH.574]; 1 spm, Ponta do Seixas, João Pessoa, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE5A1F25FD80FB95" box="[408,532,1042,1067]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2006-04-12">
12. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFE741F25FD80FB95" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[438,532,1042,1067]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref59851" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic; onshore-offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. &amp; Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Science Press Ltd., Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">IV.2006</bibRefCitation>
</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1811]; Project Algas—5 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFBF61F25FBEBFB95" box="[1076,1151,1042,1067]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.8333335">6°50′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFB4F1F25FB65FB95" box="[1165,1265,1042,1067]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.833332">34°50′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 66, 10 m 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFF551F00FE81FBF1" box="[151,277,1079,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-12">12.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1363]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFDA71F01FD3AFBF1" box="[613,686,1078,1103]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.7666664">6°46′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD7B1F01FC8FFBF1" box="[697,795,1078,1103]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.883335">34°53′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 67, 10 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC0C1F00FBD8FBF1" box="[974,1100,1079,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-13">13.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1631]; 2 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF551F6DFF76FBCD" box="[151,226,1114,1139]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.1666665">7°10′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF291F6DFEDBFBCD" box="[235,335,1114,1139]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.633335">34°38′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 37, 35 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE351F6DFDE1FBCD" box="[503,629,1114,1139]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-26">26.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1639]; 3 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFC051F6DFB86FBCD" box="[967,1042,1114,1139]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFBDE1F6DFB14FBCD" box="[1052,1152,1114,1139]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 49, 16 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFAEA1F6DFA08FBCD" box="[1320,1436,1114,1139]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-06">06.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1644]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFE261F49FDB9FB29" box="[484,557,1150,1175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFDF91F49FD50FB29" box="[571,708,1150,1175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="-34.78472">34°47′05″W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 50, 11 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC411F49FC6CFB29" box="[899,1016,1150,1175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-05">05.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1703]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFA961F49FA08FB29" box="[1364,1436,1150,1175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF551F95FEB4FB05" box="[151,288,1186,1211]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="-34.684723">34°41′05″W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 48, 24 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE031F94FDA1FB05" box="[449,565,1187,1211]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-13">13.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1704]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFCBA1F95FC54FB05" box="[888,960,1186,1211]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.4666667">7°28′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFC0A1F95FBBDFB05" box="[968,1065,1186,1211]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.666668">34°40′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 10, 14 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFB081F95FAA9FB05" box="[1226,1341,1186,1211]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-05-05">05.V.1981</date>
[UFPB/ ECH.1705]; 5 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFE411FF1FE5FFB61" box="[387,459,1222,1247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.483333">6°29′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFE111FF1FDA0FB61" box="[467,564,1222,1247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.95">34°57′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 90, 12 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFD101FF0FCC5FB61" box="[722,849,1223,1247]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-06-10">10.VI.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1706]; 4 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFB5E1FF1FB70FB61" box="[1180,1252,1222,1247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.55">6°33′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFB291FF1FAD9FB61" box="[1259,1357,1222,1247]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.95">34°57′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 83, 12 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFF261FDCFEF0FABD" box="[228,356,1259,1283]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-06-03">03.VI.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1707]; 3 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD791FDDFC90FABD" box="[699,772,1258,1283]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.1666665">7°10′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFCCC1FDDFCFBFABD" box="[782,879,1258,1283]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.633335">34°38′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 37, 25 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFBDE1FDDFB0FFABD" box="[1052,1179,1258,1283]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-26">26.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1708]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF1B1E39FEB5FA99" box="[217,289,1294,1319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.9166665">6°55′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFEEC1E39FE2CFA99" box="[302,440,1294,1319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="-34.768055">34°46′05″W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 57, 18 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFDB21E39FD70FA99" box="[624,740,1294,1319]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-06">06.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1709]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFBF81E39FB16FA99" box="[1082,1154,1294,1319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.1666665">7°10′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFB4D1E39FB64FA99" box="[1167,1264,1294,1319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.75">34°45′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 35, 10 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFF551E05FE81FAF5" box="[151,277,1330,1355]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-26">26.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1710]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD981E05FD5EFAF5" box="[602,714,1330,1355]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="-7.251389">7°15′05″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD111E05FCA0FAF5" box="[723,820,1330,1355]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.7">34°42′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 27, 16 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC1B1E04FBC2FAF5" box="[985,1110,1331,1355]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-04-13">
13. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFC3A1E04FBC2FAF5" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[1016,1110,1331,1355]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="174 - 182" refId="ref59819" refString="Mironov, A. N. (1981) Deep sea echinoids of the genus Plesiodiadema (Echinoidea, Aspidodiadematidae). Trudy Instituta Oceanologii, 115, 174 - 182." type="journal article" year="1981">IV.1981</bibRefCitation>
</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1711]; 2 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF551E61FF4BFAD1" box="[151,223,1366,1391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.9166665">6°55′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF2A1E61FEDEFAD1" box="[232,330,1366,1391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.8">34°48′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 58, 12 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE2C1E60FDF7FAD1" box="[494,611,1367,1391]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-04">04.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1712]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFC6A1E61FC65FAD1" box="[936,1009,1366,1391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.9666667">6°58′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFC3B1E61FB17FAD1" box="[1017,1155,1366,1391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="15" value="-34.768055">34°46′05″W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 51, 14 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFAEA1E61FA08FAD1" box="[1320,1436,1366,1391]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-05">05.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1713]; 2 spms, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFE1C1E4DFDB2FA2D" box="[478,550,1402,1427]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFDEC1E4DFD04FA2D" box="[558,656,1402,1427]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.7">34°42′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 2, 20 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFCE71E4CFC35FA2D" box="[805,929,1403,1427]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-04-21">
21. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E24FFFAFC871E4CFC35FA2D" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[837,929,1403,1427]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="174 - 182" refId="ref59819" refString="Mironov, A. N. (1981) Deep sea echinoids of the genus Plesiodiadema (Echinoidea, Aspidodiadematidae). Trudy Instituta Oceanologii, 115, 174 - 182." type="journal article" year="1981">IV.1981</bibRefCitation>
</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1714]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFB241E4DFABAFA2D" box="[1254,1326,1402,1427]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.2166667">7°13′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFAF41E4DFA0CFA2D" box="[1334,1432,1402,1427]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.7">34°42′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 33, 20 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFEE51EA8FE31FA09" box="[295,421,1439,1463]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-27">27.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1715]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD211EA9FCBFFA09" box="[739,811,1438,1463]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.6">6°36′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFCF01EA9FC00FA09" box="[818,916,1438,1463]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.716667">34°43′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 79, 22 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFBED1EA8FB35FA09" box="[1071,1185,1439,1463]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-05-29">29.V.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1717]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFF181EF5FEB2FA65" box="[218,294,1474,1499]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.8333335">6°50′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFEF11EF5FE03FA65" box="[307,407,1474,1499]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.833332">34°50′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 66, 10 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFD941EF4FD40FA65" box="[598,724,1475,1499]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-12">12.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1760]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFBEC1EF5FBEDFA65" box="[1070,1145,1474,1499]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-6.866667">6°52′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFB451EF5FB7FFA65" box="[1159,1259,1474,1499]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.8">34°48′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 59, 10 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFF551ED0FE9FFA41" box="[151,267,1511,1535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-02-04">04.II.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1776]; 1 spm, 
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD891ED1FD01FA41" box="[587,661,1510,1535]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-7.2166667">7°13′S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E24FFFAFD5F1ED1FC95FA41" box="[669,769,1510,1535]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="925" value="-34.7">34°42′W</geoCoordinate>
, st. 33, 20 m, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC5C1ED0FB88FA41" box="[926,1052,1511,1535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1981-03-27">27.III.1981</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1812]. Pernambuco: 4 spms, Itaparica Island, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE6F1D3CFE68F99D" box="[429,508,1547,1571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1980-05">V.1980</date>
[UFPB/ECH.24]. Alagoas: 3 spms, Paripueira Beach, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFB9C1D3CFB46F99D" box="[1118,1234,1547,1571]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1983-02-01">01.II.1983</date>
[UFPB/ECH.17]; 1 spm, Mangue Beach, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE651D18FD88F9F9" box="[423,540,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1983-02-03">03.II.1983</date>
[UFPB/ECH.18]; 3 spms, Ponta Verde Reef, Maceió, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFB4C1D19FA9AF9F9" box="[1166,1294,1582,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2007-06-26">26.VI.2007</date>
[UFSITAB- 78]. Bahia: 7 spms, Ponta da Coroa Vermelha, Santa Cruz da Cabrália, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC7F1D65FBA7F9D5" box="[957,1075,1618,1643]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1982-10-15">15.X.1982</date>
[UFPB/ECH.07]; 4 spms, coral reef between Cumuruxatiba and Imbaçuaba Beach, Prado, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFCF01D40FC26F931" box="[818,946,1655,1679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1982-11-28">28.XI.1982</date>
[UFPB/ECH.14]; 2 spms, Itaparica Beach, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E24FFFAFF551DADFF68F90D" box="[151,252,1690,1715]" name="El Salvador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFEC81DACFE07F90D" box="[266,403,1691,1715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1984-12-22">22.XII.1984</date>
[UFPB/ECH.19]; 4 spms, Coroa Vermelha, Santa Cruz da Cabrália, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFB701DACFAAFF90D" box="[1202,1339,1691,1715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1984-12-20">20.XII.1984</date>
[UFPB/ ECH.20]; 3 spms, Imbaçuaba, Prado, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFDAE1D88FD76F969" box="[620,738,1727,1751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1982-10-14">14.X.1982</date>
[UFPB/ECH.32]; 4 spms, Cabuçu Beach, Santo Amaro, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFF551DD4FE82F945" box="[151,278,1763,1787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1982-09-19">19.IX.1982</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1720]; 1 spm, Itaparica Beach, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E24FFFAFCDA1DD5FCE9F945" box="[792,893,1762,1787]" name="El Salvador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFC481DD4FB87F945" box="[906,1043,1763,1787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1984-12-22">22.XII.1984</date>
[UFPB/ECH.1721]; 3 spms, Maré Island, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E24FFFAFF2B1C31FEDAF8A1" box="[233,334,1798,1823]" name="El Salvador" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFE981C30FE5AF8A1" box="[346,462,1799,1823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2002-02-01">01.II.2002</date>
[UFSITAB-119]; 1 spm, Santa Cruz da Cabrália, 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E24FFFAFC3C1C31FBD1F8A0" box="[1022,1093,1798,1823]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 m</quantity>
[MZUSP, without voucher].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E24FFF5FF051C1DFA92FD73" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E24FFFAFF051C1DFA08F86D" blockId="23.[151,1437,862,2003]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E24FFFAFF051C1DFECDF8FD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1834,1859]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</emphasis>
Test hemispherical, slightly pentagonal with flat oral side (TD = 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E24FFFAFBEF1C1CFB4DF8FC" box="[1069,1241,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.305" metricValueMax="8.17" metricValueMin="0.44" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="43.05" valueMax="81.7" valueMin="4.4">4.4 to 81.7 mm</quantity>
; TH = 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E24FFFAFAE71C1CFF50F8D9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" metricValueMax="3.86" metricValueMin="0.18" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="20.2" valueMax="38.6" valueMin="1.8">1.8 to 38.6 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFF191C79FE12F8D9" box="[219,390,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 7A, B, I, J</figureCitation>
). Apical system hemicyclic, ocular plates I and V insert (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFBCE1C79FBF0F8D9" box="[1036,1124,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
). Genital plates with two or three tubercles (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFE8C1C45FE32F835" box="[334,422,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
). Ocular plates with five to eight small tubercles (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFC261C45FBA9F835" box="[996,1085,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
). Ambulacra broad at ambitus, almost as broad as interambulacra (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFDF71CA1FD37F811" box="[565,675,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Fig. 
<date id="3832CCDF4E24FFFAFDAF1CA0FD12F810" box="[621,646,1943,1966]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">7I</date>
, J
</figureCitation>
). Ambulacral plate trigeminate (echinoid 
<typeStatus id="933754BD4E24FFFAFB4B1CA0FB29F811" box="[1161,1213,1943,1967]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
), with one primary tubercle and three pairs of pores arranged in vertical row (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E24FFFAFCE71C8DFC15F86D" box="[805,897,1978,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
). Interambulacral plate with one to five primary
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2BFFF5FF551BA0FB5EFEA3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
tubercles (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FECF1BA0FEFDFF0E" box="[269,361,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7O</figureCitation>
); number of tubercles tend to increase toward oral region. Primary spines short, with tapering tips, and arranged into clear vertical rows in ambulacra and interambulacra. Secondary spines smaller and narrower than primary spines. Tubercles non-crenulate and non-perforate (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FCBA1BE8FBBEFF46" box="[888,1066,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Fig. 
<date id="3832CCDF4E2BFFF5FC6C1BD7FC53FF49" box="[942,967,224,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">7I</date>
, J, N, O
</figureCitation>
). Peristomial membrane densely covered by peristomial plates (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FE2D1A33FDDDFEA2" box="[495,585,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
), with many ophicephalous and triphyllous pedicellariae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2BFFF5FF051A10FCCDFD82" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF051A10FEFCFEFE" bold="true" box="[199,360,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pedicellariae.</emphasis>
Globiferous pedicellariae with a long stalk, without a neck, and with many C-shaped and dumbbell-shaped spicules. Valves long, with a long end tooth (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FC911A7BFC5AFEDA" box="[851,974,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
). White ophicephalous pedicellariae over entire test (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FED41A58FEE5FE36" box="[278,369,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Ophicephalous pedicellariae with long stalk and neck, with a small number of C-shaped and dumbbell-shaped spicules (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FE121AA3FDBAFE12" box="[464,558,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
). Valves short, oval, with margin denticulate and slightly serrate (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FAF61AA3FA1BFE12" box="[1332,1423,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Tridentate pedicellariae short, with a long neck and C-shaped and dumbbell-shaped spicules. Valves long and narrow, with margin slightly denticulate, these teeth being short, the longest occurring near base of the blade (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FAAD1AEBFF2DFDA6" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Triphyllous pedicellariae with large C-shaped spicules (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FCBC1AC8FC4BFDA6" box="[894,991,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
) and short, broad, perforated blade, perforations on external margin longer and narrower (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FD331913FCD8FD82" box="[753,844,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2BFFF5FF051970FA92FD73" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF051970FEB4FDDE" bold="true" box="[199,288,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colour.</emphasis>
Corona greenish, with white ambulacra and spines with purplish tips (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FBB41970FB6FFDDE" box="[1142,1275,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
). Globiferous pedicellariae large, white, visible to the naked eye (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2BFFF5FD23195BFCA9FD3A" box="[737,829,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[191,1396,185,1890]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Morphological characters of Lytechinus variegatus (UFPB/ECH.32). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) Spicules of the tube feet; (I) Aboral view of naked test; (J) Oral view of naked test; (K) Tube foot ossicle; (L) Detail of the apical system; (M) Peristome; (N) Ambulacral plates; (O) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612578/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Test and spines colour variable and used to identify subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FEFA19A6FDE2FD16" authority="(Serafy 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[312,630,655,680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FEFA19A6FE59FD16" box="[312,461,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FE1C19B8FDFAFD16" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[478,622,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="525 - 534" refId="ref63277" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1973) Variation in the polytypic sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) in the western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 525 - 534." type="journal article" year="1973">Serafy 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FD4119B8FCE0FD16" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Miller, J. &amp; Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K." box="[643,884,655,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Hendler 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FD2419A6FCB5FD16" box="[742,801,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
indicated that colour of the test and spines may vary within a single population. We did not observe this variation on populations from the NE 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FB781983FA96FD73" box="[1210,1282,692,717]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2BFFF5FF0519E0FCE4FC53" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2BFFF5FF0519E0FCE4FC53" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF0519E0FEF4FD4E" bold="true" box="[199,352,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FEAC19E0FE52FD4E" box="[366,454,727,752]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FDFC19E0FD02FD4E" box="[574,662,727,752]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FD6A19E0FD72FD4E" box="[680,742,727,752]" name="Cuba" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FD3A19E0FCC1FD4E" box="[760,853,727,752]" name="Jamaica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FCA519E0FC36FD4E" box="[871,930,727,752]" name="Haiti" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Haiti</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FC7619E0FC6AFD4E" box="[948,1022,727,752]" name="Belize" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Belize</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FBD219E0FB18FD4E" box="[1040,1164,727,752]" name="Guatemala" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FB5C19E0FA9AFD4E" box="[1182,1294,727,752]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FAE219E0FF6BFCAB" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FECC19CAFE0EFCAB" box="[270,410,764,789]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, Caribbean Sea, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FDA319CBFD76FCAB" box="[609,738,764,789]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FD3319CAFCD9FCAA" box="[753,845,765,788]" name="Panama" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Panama</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FC9E19CBFC59FCAB" box="[860,973,764,789]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FC1E19CBFBC6FCAB" box="[988,1106,764,789]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FB5619CBFB4CFCAB" box="[1172,1240,764,789]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB2919CBFF47FC86" author="Alvarado, J. J. &amp; Solis-Marin, F. A. &amp; Ahearn, C." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="37 - 55" refId="ref47222" refString="Alvarado, J. J., Solis-Marin, F. A. &amp; Ahearn, C. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="2008">
Alvarado 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FAA219CAFA01FCAB" box="[1376,1429,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; del 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FECE1828FDB7FC86" author="Valle Garcia, R. &amp; Abreu Perez, M. &amp; Rodriguez, R. &amp; Solis-Marin, F. A. &amp; Laguarda-Figueras, A. &amp; Duran Gonzalez, A. de la" box="[268,547,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="19 - 35" refId="ref51574" refString="del Valle Garcia, R., Abreu Perez, M., Rodriguez, R., Solis-Marin, F. A., Laguarda-Figueras, A. &amp; Duran Gonzalez, A. de la L. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del occidente del Archipielago Sabana-Camaguey, Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 19 - 35." type="journal article" year="2008">
Valle García 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE611816FE4AFC86" box="[419,478,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FDF21828FC82FC86" author="Kroh, A. &amp; Mooi, R." box="[560,790,799,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref56245" refString="Kroh, A. &amp; Mooi, R. (2016) World Echinoidea Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / echinoidea (accessed 3 September 2016)" type="url" year="2016">Kroh &amp; Mooi 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FC891828FC06FC86" box="[843,914,799,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from CE, PB, PE, AL, BA, RJ, SP, SC, RS, including Abrolhos and Fernando de Noronha Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FCD11873FC2CFCE2" author="Rathbun, R." box="[787,952,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref62391" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FC051872FB13FCE3" author="Clark, H. L." box="[967,1159,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">H.L. Clark 1925</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB541873FADAFCE3" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1174,1358,836,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi 1966a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FA9E1873FA03FCE2" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1372,1431,836,860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="15 - 67" refId="ref65426" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1972) Equinodermes da regiao entre o Amapa (Brasil) e a Florida (E. U. A.). II. Echinozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, Sao Paulo, 21, 15 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241972000100002" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FF551850FE86FC3E" author="Brito, I. M." box="[151,274,871,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref48670" refString="Brito, I. M. (1968) Asteroides e Equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e Adjacencias. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 260, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1968">Brito 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FEDC1850FE72FC3E" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[286,486,871,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="9 - 13" refId="ref57752" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1969) Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 9 (1), 9 - 13." type="journal article" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FE331850FD6CFC3E" author="Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Aron, M. A." box="[497,760,871,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref65574" refString="Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Aron, M. A. (1988) Equinodermes da plataforma continental do Sudeste do estado da Bahia. Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 19, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1988">Tommasi &amp; Aron 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FCC6185FFC06FC3E" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[772,914,872,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="355 - 359" refId="ref58619" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (1989) Os Echinodermata da plataforma continental interna entre Cabo Frio e Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 49 (2), 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1989">Manso 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FC5C1850FB05FC3E" author="Fernandes, M. L. B. &amp; Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Lima, E. J. B." box="[926,1169,871,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="ref52988" refString="Fernandes, M. L. B., Tommasi, L. R. &amp; Lima, E. J. B. (2002) Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. In: Tabarelli, M. &amp; Silva, J. M. C. (Eds.), Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol. 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 405 - 427." type="book chapter" year="2002">
Fernandes 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FBDA185EFBC4FC3E" box="[1048,1104,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB5F1850FA03FC3E" author="Magalhaes, W. F. &amp; Martins, L. R. &amp; Alves, O. F. S." box="[1181,1431,871,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref58552" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. &amp; Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 40, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
Magalhães 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FADF185EFAC1FC3E" box="[1309,1365,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FF5518BAFECAFC1B" author="Netto, L. F. &amp; Hadel, V. F. &amp; Tiago, C. G." box="[151,350,908,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="207 - 218" refId="ref61380" refString="Netto, L. F., Hadel, V. F. &amp; Tiago, C. G. (2005) Echinodermata from Sao Sebastiao Channel (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 207 - 218." type="journal article" year="2005">
Netto 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF1D18BAFE8EFC1B" box="[223,282,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FEAF18BBFDC5FC1A" author="Gondim, A. I. &amp; Lacouth, P. &amp; Alonso, C. &amp; Manso, C. L. C." box="[365,593,908,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="151 - 159" refId="ref54236" refString="Gondim, A. I., Lacouth, P., Alonso, C. &amp; Manso, C. L. C. (2008) Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 8 (2), 151 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000200016" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gondim 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE1018BAFD99FC1B" box="[466,525,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FD9D18BBFCE8FC1A" author="Lima, E. J. &amp; Fernandes, M. L. B." box="[607,892,908,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="55 - 63" refId="ref57559" refString="Lima, E. J. B &amp; Fernandes, M. L. B. (2009) Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias, 11 (1), 55 - 63. Available from: https: // zoociencias. ufjf. emnuvens. com. br / zoociencias / article / view / 448 (accessed 20 November 2016)" type="journal article" year="2009">Lima &amp; Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FC4818BBFBFBFC1A" author="Oliveira, J. P. &amp; Oliveira, J. &amp; Manso, C. L. C." box="[906,1135,908,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref61513" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. &amp; Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">
Oliveira 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FC3218BAFBBFFC1B" box="[1008,1067,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FBBF18BBFA85FC1A" author="Xavier, L. A. R." box="[1149,1297,908,933]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref67622" refString="Xavier, L. A. R. (2010) Inventario dos Equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 14 (2), 73 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 14 n 2. p 73 - 78" type="journal article" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Herein we establish a new record of 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE7B1886FDD9FC76" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[441,589,945,968]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE7B1886FDD9FC76" box="[441,589,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the State of 
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E2BFFF5FCC61898FC62FC79" box="[772,1014,943,968]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
. The species occurs from 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2BFFF5FAD91887FA03FC79" box="[1307,1431,943,968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 250 m</quantity>
, being more common above depths of 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2BFFF5FDFC18E3FDE3FC52" box="[574,631,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FD4718E3FCF7FC53" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Miller, J. &amp; Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K." box="[645,867,980,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Hendler 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FD2A18E2FCB4FC53" box="[744,800,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E2BFFF4FF0518C0FCBDFE6E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2BFFF5FF0518C0FBD6F926" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF0518C0FEAFFBAE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1040]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE8118C0FE2FFBAE" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[323,443,1015,1040]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE8118C0FE2FFBAE" box="[323,443,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lytechinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from three fossil and eight living species, four of which come from the tropical West Atlantic (
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE111F2AFDFEFB8A" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[467,618,1053,1076]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE111F2AFDFEFB8A" box="[467,618,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FDBE1F2AFC78FB8A" authority="H. L. Clark, 1912" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[636,1004,1052,1077]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callipeplus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FDBE1F2AFC8CFB8B" box="[636,792,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. callipeplus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FCE11F2AFC78FB8A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[803,1004,1052,1077]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="205 - 383" refId="ref49950" refString="Clark, H. L. (1912) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, Phymosomatidae, Stomopneustidae, and Echinometridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 34 / 4, 205 - 383. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 16792 # page / 3 / mode / 1 up (accessed 5 September 2016)" type="journal article" year="1912">H.L. Clark, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FC391F2AFAD7FB8A" authority="H. L. Clark, 1912" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[1019,1347,1052,1077]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="euerces">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FC391F2AFBE5FB8A" box="[1019,1137,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. euerces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FBB91F2AFAD7FB8A" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1147,1347,1052,1077]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="205 - 383" refId="ref49950" refString="Clark, H. L. (1912) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, Phymosomatidae, Stomopneustidae, and Echinometridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 34 / 4, 205 - 383. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 16792 # page / 3 / mode / 1 up (accessed 5 September 2016)" type="journal article" year="1912">H.L. Clark, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FA471F2AFE25FBE6" authority="Chesher, 1968" authorityName="Chesher" authorityYear="1968" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FA471F2AFF6AFBE6" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. williamsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FECA1F08FE25FBE6" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[264,433,1087,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref49572" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1968) Lytechinus williamsi, a new sea urchin from Panama. Breviora, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 305, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1968">Chesher, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Only 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FDC91F76FD36FBE6" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[523,674,1089,1112]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FDC91F76FD36FBE6" box="[523,674,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FC521F76FAFAFBE6" authority="A. Agassiz, 1863" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[912,1390,1087,1112]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="carolinus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FC521F76FB08FBE6" box="[912,1180,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus carolinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB641F77FAFAFBE6" author="Agassiz, A." box="[1190,1390,1087,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref45904" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1863">A. Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are known from Brazilian waters. 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE281F53FD4AFBC2" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[490,734,1124,1149]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE281F53FD4AFBC2" box="[490,734,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lytechinus variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FCB31F52FB9CFBC3" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[881,1032,1124,1149]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callipeplus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FCB31F52FB9CFBC3" box="[881,1032,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. callipeplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having tridentate and triphyllous pedicellariae and by its peristomial membrane, which is covered by whitish plates. 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FBF91FB0FA9BFB1E" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[1083,1295,1159,1184]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="euerces">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FBF91FB0FA9BFB1E" box="[1083,1295,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lytechinus euerces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FF551F9AFEBBFB7A" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,303,1197,1220]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF551F9AFEBBFB7A" box="[151,303,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having test and spines white, and short primary spines. 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FC3A1F9BFB70FB7B" authorityName="Chesher" authorityYear="1968" box="[1016,1252,1196,1221]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FC3A1F9BFB70FB7B" box="[1016,1252,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lytechinus williamsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FA471F9AFE99FB56" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FA471F9AFE99FB56" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a beige test and large, purple globiferous pedicellariae. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FBEB1FE7FA90FB56" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1065,1284,1232,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref60964" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea Part III, No. 2 Camarodonta 1. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen (1943a)</bibRefCitation>
separated 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FA471FE6FE99FAB2" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FA471FE6FE99FAB2" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into allopatric subspecies. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FD9A1FC3FCB1FAB3" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[600,805,1268,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
provided a taxonomic key for these subspecies and considered the peristomial membrane, spines, and test colour important characters. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB551E20FAAFFA8E" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[1175,1339,1303,1328]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="525 - 534" refId="ref63277" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1973) Variation in the polytypic sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) in the western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 525 - 534." type="journal article" year="1973">Serafy (1973)</bibRefCitation>
studied morphological variation in 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE0A1E0AFDC8FAEA" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[456,604,1341,1364]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE0A1E0AFDC8FAEA" box="[456,604,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the West Atlantic and concluded that three (
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FB4E1E0AFA00FAEB" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1942" box="[1164,1428,1340,1365]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FB4E1E0AFA00FAEB" box="[1164,1428,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FF551E56FE09FAC6" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,413,1375,1400]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="carolinus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF551E56FE09FAC6" box="[151,413,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus carolinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE1E1E56FD7BFAC6" authority="variegatus" authorityName="variegatus Tommasi" authorityYear="1959" box="[476,751,1377,1400]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE1E1E56FD7BFAC6" box="[476,751,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of the four subspecies proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB511E57FAC9FAC6" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1171,1373,1376,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="40 - 472" refId="ref60841" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition, 191 - 1916. LXVI. The Echinoderms of St. Helena (other than crinoids). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 93, 40 - 472." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen (1933)</bibRefCitation>
were valid, raising 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FEF31EB2FD79FA23" authority="H. L. Clark, 1925" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[305,749,1412,1437]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="pallidus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FEF31EB2FDB2FA23" box="[305,550,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus pallidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FDEC1EB2FD79FA23" author="Clark, H. L." box="[558,749,1412,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">H.L. Clark, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to species category. On the other hand, 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FB721EB3FA08FA23" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Miller, J. &amp; Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K." box="[1200,1436,1412,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Hendler 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FAD31EB2FADEFA23" box="[1297,1354,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
highlighted the need for further studies to support validity of these subspecies. A study carried out by 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FAFA1E90FED5FA5A" author="Zigler, K. R. &amp; Lessios, H. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1225 - 1241" refId="ref67750" refString="Zigler, K. R. &amp; Lessios, H. A. (2004) Speciation on the coasts of the new world: phylogeography and the evolution of bindin in the sea urchin genus Lytechinus. Evolution, 58 (6), 1225 - 1241. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2004. tb 01702. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Zigler &amp; Lessios (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, showed that the 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FDC91EFAFC8BFA5A" authority="variegatus" authorityName="variegatus Tommasi" authorityYear="1959" box="[523,799,1485,1508]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FDC91EFAFC8BFA5A" box="[523,799,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mtDNA is distinct from that of 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FB561EFAFA08FA5B" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[1172,1436,1484,1509]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="variegatus" subSpecies="carolinus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FB561EFAFA08FA5B" box="[1172,1436,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus carolinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the North American seaboard and the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FD131ED8FCBEF9B6" box="[721,810,1519,1544]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, whereas their bindins are very similar. Here, young and adult specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FE461D22FD8AF992" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[388,542,1557,1580]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FE461D22FD8AF992" box="[388,542,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined, and only variation in the apical system arrangement was observed, being dicyclic in the young and hemicyclic in adults. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FCA81D00FBAEF9EE" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[874,1082,1591,1616]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="51 - 57" refId="ref47845" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1955) Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Primera contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 6 (1 - 2), 51 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241955000100002" type="journal article" year="1955">Bernasconi (1955)</bibRefCitation>
examined specimens from São Sebastião (SP) and observed variations in the number of secondary tubercles in the interambulacral plates, which can reach up to 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2BFFF5FE8A1DB7FE1BF926" box="[328,399,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
the adapical series and 
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E2BFFF5FD581DB7FD51F926" box="[666,709,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
the adradial series at the ambitus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E2BFFF4FF051D93FCBDFE6E" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FF051D93FE04F903" bold="true" box="[199,400,1700,1725]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
This species is preferentially found in calm waters, especially in banks of seagrass and on rocky and sandy substrates (del 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FDC61DF0FC8CF95E" author="Valle Garcia, R. &amp; Solis-Marin, F. A. &amp; Abreu Perez, M. &amp; Laguarda-Figueras, F. &amp; Duran Gonzalez, A. de la" box="[516,792,1735,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="9 - 28" refId="ref51643" refString="del Valle Garcia, R., Solis-Marin, F. A., Abreu Perez, M., Laguarda-Figueras, F. &amp; Duran Gonzalez, A. de la L. (2005) Catalogo de los equinodermos (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) neritico-betonico del Arquipielago Cubano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2005">
Valle García 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FD5B1DFEFD5FF95E" box="[665,715,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FC0A1DF0FBE5F95E" author="Lessios, H. A." box="[968,1137,1735,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref57136" refString="Lessios, H. A. (1998) Shallow water echinoids of Cayos Cochinos, Honduras. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (Supplement 4), 95 - 101." type="journal article" year="1998">Lessios (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FBBC1DFEFA87F95E" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1150,1299,1737,1760]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FBBC1DFEFA87F95E" box="[1150,1299,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is normally abundant in 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FEE11DDBFE04F8BB" box="[291,400,1772,1797]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Thalassia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FEE11DDBFE04F8BB" box="[291,400,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
beds in the Caribbean. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FD5C1DDBFCE2F8BB" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[670,886,1772,1797]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="155 - 156" refId="ref57708" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1968) Notas sobre a familia Toxopneustidae no nordeste brasileiro (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Arquivos da Estacao de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceara, 8 (2), 155 - 156." type="journal article" year="1968">Lima-Verde (1968)</bibRefCitation>
observed this species in calm waters with rocky or sandy substrates in the coastal areas of 
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E2BFFF5FD491C27FD58F896" box="[651,716,1808,1832]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ceará</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E2BFFF5FCC81C38FC0DF896" box="[778,921,1807,1832]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2BFFF5FC6A1C38FC64F896" box="[936,1008,1807,1832]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Recently, this species was observed inhabiting hypersaline estuaries along the semiarid littoral of 
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E2BFFF5FC831C03FBBAF8F2" box="[833,1070,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
, being associated with sand-mud bottoms with a salinity of 42. In general, it is herbivorous (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FC861C6FFC6CF8CE" author="Lawrence, J. M." box="[836,1016,1879,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="135 - 286" refId="ref56893" refString="Lawrence, J. M. (1975) On the relationship between marine plants and sea urchins. Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review, 132, 135 - 286." type="journal article" year="1975">Lawrence 1975</bibRefCitation>
), but its food preference is probably conditioned by the defensive chemistry produced by certain species of algae (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FC361C4BFB2EF82A" author="Souza, C. F. &amp; Oliveira, A. S. &amp; Pereira, R. C." box="[1012,1210,1916,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="239 - 247" refId="ref64300" refString="Souza, C. F., Oliveira, A. S. &amp; Pereira, R. C. (2008) Feeding preference of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) on seaweeds. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 56 (3), 239 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 87592008000300008" type="journal article" year="2008">
Souza 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FB821C4AFBFBF82B" box="[1088,1135,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Inside its stomach, fragments of bryozoans, Foraminifera, diatoms, and several benthic marine invertebrates have been recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2BFFF5FF5C1CF3FEC6F863" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[158,338,1988,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="83 - 93" refId="ref65240" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1964) Observacoes sobre equinoides do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 24 (1), 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1964">Tommasi 1964</bibRefCitation>
). Like other species of 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FDB91CF3FCBBF863" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1872" box="[635,815,1988,2013]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Toxopneustidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2BFFF5FC831CF2FC48F862" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[833,988,1989,2012]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2BFFF5FC831CF2FC48F862" box="[833,988,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a &quot;covering behaviour&quot; using fragments of shells, gravel, and algae (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2AFFF4FDA11BA0FCD8FF0E" author="Hendler, G. &amp; Miller, J. &amp; Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K." box="[611,844,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. &amp; Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Hendler 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2AFFF4FD091BAEFC93FF0E" box="[715,775,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2AFFF4FCAA1BA0FC40FF0E" box="[872,980,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,185,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[236,1353,185,1833]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ecological aspects of some echinoids from northeastern Brazil. (A) Eucidaris tribuloides parasitized by eulimid gastropod (arrow); (B) Partial view of coastal reef eroded by Echinometra lucunter; (C) Lytechinus variegatus on coral reef exhibiting covering behaviour at night; (D) Dead specimen of Lytechinus variegatus recently preyed upon (arrow) by juvenile Cassis tuberosa; (E) Dissodactylus crab associated with oral surface of sand dollar Encope emarginata on sandy beach; (F) Diseased specimen of Mellita aff. quinquiesperforata; (G) Dead sand dollars (M. aff. quinquiesperforata) on sandy beach after disease outbreak." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612606/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
). The same behavior was recorded for specimens from hypersaline habitats. Although there is much controversy about the meaning of this behaviour, it can provide protection against predators or physical factors such as light and temperature, thus preventing body dehydration (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2AFFF4FEF21A33FD83FEA2" author="Verling, E. &amp; Crook, A. C. &amp; Barnes, D. K. A." box="[304,535,260,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="191 - 206" refId="ref67017" refString="Verling, E., Crook, A. C. &amp; Barnes, D. K. A. (2004) The dynamics of covering behaviour in dominant echinoid populations from American and European West coasts. Marine Ecology, 25 (3), 191 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2004.00025. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
Verling 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2AFFF4FE531A32FE53FEA3" box="[401,455,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
). In some areas along northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2AFFF4FC021A33FB93FEA3" box="[960,1031,260,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2AFFF4FBD51A32FB24FEA2" baseAuthorityName="Serafy" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1047,1200,261,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Lytechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2AFFF4FBD51A32FB24FEA2" box="[1047,1200,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays population outbreaks in shallow, warm waters. At the reefs of Tamandaré, located in the Environmental Protection Area known as the Coral Coast (State of 
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E2AFFF4FDE71A7BFD22FEDB" box="[549,694,332,357]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
), dense populations of this species are commonly observed during the dry period, between September and February. 
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2AFFF4FD0D1A58FC5CFE36" author="Martins, L. &amp; Souto, C. &amp; Magalhaes, W. F. &amp; Alves, O. F. S. &amp; Rosa, I. L. &amp; Sampaio, C. L. S." box="[719,968,367,392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="53 - 59" refId="ref59202" refString="Martins, L., Souto, C., Magalhaes, W. F., Alves, O. F. S., Rosa, I. L. &amp; Sampaio, C. L. S. (2012 a) Echinoderm harvesting in Todosos-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil: the aquarium trade. Sitientibus serie Ciencias Biologicas, 12 (1), 53 - 59." type="journal article" year="2012">
Martins 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2AFFF4FCEC1A46FCF4FE36" box="[814,864,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
. (2012a)
</bibRefCitation>
documented the aquarium fishery of this species along the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E2AFFF4FE0F1AA3FDA5FE13" box="[461,561,404,429]" name="El Salvador" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Salvador</collectingCountry>
(BA). It is also one of the most important prey of the king helmet, 
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E2AFFF4FA911AA2FE1EFE6E" authority=", in Brazilian" authorityName="in Brazilian" class="Gastropoda" family="Cassidae" genus="Cassis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2AFFF4FA911AA2FF6CFE6E" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cassis tuberosa</emphasis>
, in Brazilian
</taxonomicName>
waters (
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E2AFFF4FE2A1A80FD09FE6E" author="Dias, T. L. P. &amp; Mota, E. L. S. &amp; Duarte, R. C. S. &amp; Alves, R. R. N." box="[488,669,439,464]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="16" refId="ref51884" refString="Dias, T. L. P., Mota, E. L. S., Duarte, R. C. S. &amp; Alves, R. R. N. (2017) What do we know about Cassis tuberosa (Mollusca: Cassidae), a heavily exploited marine gastropod? Ethnobiology and Conservation, 6, 16. https: // doi. org / 10.15451 / ec 2017 - 08 - 6.16 - 1 - 13" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dias 
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E2AFFF4FDE61A8EFDC1FE6E" box="[548,597,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E2AFFF4FD761A80FC88FE6E" box="[692,796,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,185,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[236,1353,185,1833]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ecological aspects of some echinoids from northeastern Brazil. (A) Eucidaris tribuloides parasitized by eulimid gastropod (arrow); (B) Partial view of coastal reef eroded by Echinometra lucunter; (C) Lytechinus variegatus on coral reef exhibiting covering behaviour at night; (D) Dead specimen of Lytechinus variegatus recently preyed upon (arrow) by juvenile Cassis tuberosa; (E) Dissodactylus crab associated with oral surface of sand dollar Encope emarginata on sandy beach; (F) Diseased specimen of Mellita aff. quinquiesperforata; (G) Dead sand dollars (M. aff. quinquiesperforata) on sandy beach after disease outbreak." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612606/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>