372 lines
56 KiB
XML
372 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BD9592650357DFCA2E6C9BEA4A0C87A4">Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ECC2FC3F36635383CE157E17FB19F72C">Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F545D249C3A512A058CFEB67FEA2002">Moura, Rafael Bendayan De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4ABADF9857CEEC686D5AAC124DFC251">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="079C686B651646A266E8F4A5C452BC7F">Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CC16A44A5EF4587EEBF885C346F18D81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C4255B094E18FFC6FF551AEEFBA2F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971064" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154508495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5971064" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4255B094E18FFC6FF551AEEFBA2F853" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4255B094E18FFC6FF551AEEFBA2F853" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF551AEEFD25FE4D" box="[151,689,473,499]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF551AEEFD25FE4D" blockId="43.[151,689,473,533]" box="[151,689,473,499]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="177B5D734E18FFC6FF551AEEFD25FE4D" bold="true" box="[151,689,473,499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FF551AEEFD25FE4D" ID-CoL="6XVHG" authority="(Kier & Grant, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Kier & Grant" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[151,689,473,499]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF551AEEFD25FE4D" bold="true" box="[151,689,473,499]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF551AEEFE35FE4D" bold="true" box="[151,417,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Schizaster floridiensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FE721AEEFD3DFE4D" author="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E." box="[432,681,473,499]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref55796" refString="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E. (1965) Echinoid distribution and habits, Key Largo Coral Reef Preserve, Florida. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 149, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1965">Kier & Grant, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF551ACBFEBBFDAA" box="[151,303,508,533]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF551ACBFEBBFDAA" blockId="43.[151,689,473,533]" box="[151,303,508,533]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FF551ACBFF61FDAA" box="[151,245,508,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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E–K
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF551973FED8FD29" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF551973FED8FD29" blockId="43.[151,1436,580,663]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E18FFC6FF551973FED8FD29" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FF551973FD4FFDE4" ID-CoL="6XVHG" authority="Kier & Grant, 1965: 50" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,731,580,602]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis" subGenus="Paraster">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF551973FF6BFDE4" box="[151,255,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Schizaster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FECF1972FEF2FDE4" box="[269,358,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Paraster</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FEB61973FE72FDE4" box="[372,486,580,602]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">floridiensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E18FFC6FE2F1973FD4FFDE4" author="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E." box="[493,731,580,602]" page="50" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FE2F1973FD2CFDE4" author="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E." box="[493,696,580,602]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref55796" refString="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E. (1965) Echinoid distribution and habits, Key Largo Coral Reef Preserve, Florida. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 149, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1965">Kier & Grant, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 50
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–54, pl. 13, figs 4–6, pl. 14, figs 1–9.
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||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FF551954FD82FDC6" ID-CoL="69f0bae8-7be1-4fce-9b10-02dd57dec825" authority="Chesher, 1966: 1" authorityName="Chesher" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,534,610,632]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Paraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridensis">
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||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF551954FEF6FDC6" box="[151,354,610,632]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Paraster floridensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E18FFC6FEA91955FD82FDC6" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[363,534,610,632]" page="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FEA91955FD95FDC6" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[363,513,610,632]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 1
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–19, figs 1–6.―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E18FFC6FD7C1955FCE6FDC6" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[702,882,610,632]" page="20" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD7C1955FCD8FDC6" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[702,844,610,632]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 20
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–21, fig. 1.―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E18FFC6FC371955FA99FDC6" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[1013,1293,610,632]" page="63" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2005">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FC371955FB7EFDC6" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[1013,1258,610,632]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref58552" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 40, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" type="journal article" year="2005">
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||
Magalhães
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FBB31954FB32FDC6" box="[1137,1190,610,632]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 63
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E18FFC6FAEE1955FEDCFD29" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." page="11" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FAEE1955FEB0FD29" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref61513" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
Oliveira
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FA481954FF75FD29" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 11
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF5519F3FDE7FD63" box="[151,627,708,733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF5519F3FDE7FD63" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" box="[151,627,708,733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF5519F3FE14FD63" bold="true" box="[151,384,708,733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographic record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF0519D0FCEBFA36" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF0519D0FDA0FB33" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF0519D0FB54FCBE" bold="true" box="[199,1216,743,768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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||
Description (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDDA19D0FD29FCBE" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[536,701,743,768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD0E19D0FCC9FCBE" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[716,861,743,768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FC5E19D0FB27FCBE" author="Smith, A. B. & Stockley, B." box="[924,1203,743,768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref63575" refString="Smith, A. B. & Stockley, B. (2005) Fasciole pathways in spatangoid echinoids: a new source of phylogenetically informative characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 144, 15 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00161. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E18FFC6FC5E19D0FC77FCBE" box="[924,995,743,768]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Stockley 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
Test small, fragile, subglobular, almost as broad as long, slightly larger than high, and vertically truncate posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FB20183BFAB0FC9A" box="[1250,1316,780,805]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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F–G). Test covered by slender, hyaline, and and often curved spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FCE91818FCFBFCF6" box="[811,879,815,840]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G), with slightly spatulate tips. Apical system ethmolytic, with four large gonopores. Anterior genital pores about half the size of posterior pores. Anterior paired petals (ambulacra II and IV) slightly curved and two to three times longer than posterior petals (ambulacra I and V) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FF5D18ABFF62FC0A" box="[159,246,924,949]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacrum III forms a strongly sunken furrow extending toward peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FBB218ABFB51FC0A" box="[1136,1221,924,949]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) that lacks primary spines. Peripetalous and lateroanal fascioles well-developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FC931888FC39FC66" box="[849,941,959,984]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peripetalous fasciole crosses ambulacrum III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FF0118D3FE8DFC42" box="[195,281,996,1021]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[191,1396,193,1895]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Morphological characters of Tripneustes ventricosus (UFPB/ECH.1722). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C–D) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (G) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (H) C-shaped spicules of tube feet; (I) Tube foot ossicle; (J) Aboral view of naked test; (L)) Detail of the apical system; (M) Ambulacral plates; (N) Interambulacral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612580/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and anteriorly over plates 2.a.4 and 2.b.4 [4, 4 :: 5+6/7, 6(7) :: 10]. Lateroanal fasciole begins close to ambulacra II and IV and extends towards of periproct [–, – :: 5, 4(5) :: 5+4] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FBE21F30FB0EFB9E" box="[1056,1178,1031,1056]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plates of ambulacra I and V without spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FE531F1BFE72FBFA" box="[401,486,1068,1093]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peristome narrow, three times as broad as long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FBCD1F1BFBF0FBFA" box="[1039,1124,1068,1093]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum extends to second plate of interambulacrum 5. Plastron amphisternous, covered by long, narrow spines, spatulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FB0E1F78FAB5FBD6" box="[1228,1313,1103,1128]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproct large, oval, located almost vertically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF051FA0FDF0FAFE" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF051FA0FEFCFB0E" bold="true" box="[199,360,1175,1200]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pedicellariae.</emphasis>
|
||
Globiferous and tridentate pedicellariae distributed over entire test. Rostrate pedicellariae found near periproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FE871F8BFE35FB6A" box="[325,417,1212,1237]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Globiferous pedicellariae with stalk, without a neck, valves with two end teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FA841F8BFF3BFB46" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tridentate pedicellariae with valve having an enlarged and serrate tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FC261FE8FBA0FB46" box="[996,1076,1247,1272]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E18FFC6FBD81FD7FBA0FB46" box="[1050,1076,1248,1272]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">9I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valve of rostrate pedicellariae with a narrow, serrate and spatulate blade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD641E33FCD9FAA3" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[678,845,1284,1309]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FCAA1E33FB88FAA3" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[872,1052,1284,1309]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides illustrations of all the pedicellariae of this species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E18FFC6FE191E10FD88FAFE" box="[475,540,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[191,1396,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphological characters of Echinoneus cyclostomus (UFPB/ECH.1973) (A–D) and Schizaster floridiensis (UFRJ, without voucher) (E–L). (A) Aboral view; (B) Apical system; (C) Oral view; (D) Lateral view; (E) Aboral view; (F) Oral view; (G) Lateral view; (H–L) Illustrations of pedicellariae of S. floridiensis provided by Chesher (1966); (H) Rostrate pedicellariae; (I) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (J) Valve of globiferous pedicellariae; (K) Globiferous pedicellariae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612582/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
H–K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF051E7BFCEBFA36" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF051E7BFEB4FADB" bold="true" box="[199,288,1356,1381]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Test light pink to yellowish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDA61E7BFCD5FADB" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[612,833,1356,1381]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FD051E7AFD6BFADB" box="[711,767,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fascioles and tube feet of petals red, tube feet of anterior groove yellow-orange (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FE381E58FD43FA36" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[506,727,1391,1416]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FD9F1E46FD01FA36" box="[605,661,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD211E47FCE7FA36" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[739,883,1392,1416]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF051EA3FD3BF9A6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF051EA3FD3BF9A6" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF051EA3FEF4FA13" bold="true" box="[199,352,1428,1453]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FE111EA3FDB8FA13" box="[467,556,1428,1453]" name="Mexico" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FD601EA3FC9FFA13" box="[674,779,1428,1453]" name="Bahamas" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FCDF1EA3FC06FA13" box="[797,914,1428,1453]" name="Bermuda" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bermudas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FC611EA3FC79FA13" box="[931,1005,1428,1453]" name="Belize" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FC3D1EA2FB19FA13" box="[1023,1165,1428,1453]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FB5D1EA3FA9BFA13" box="[1183,1295,1428,1453]" name="Honduras" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FAE21EA3FF6BFA6E" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FED21E8FFEF8FA71" box="[272,364,1464,1487]" name="Panama" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FEBF1E80FE67FA6E" box="[381,499,1463,1488]" name="Venezuela" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FDFB1E80FDE9FA6E" box="[569,637,1463,1488]" name="Brazil" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD501E80FC16FA6E" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[658,898,1463,1488]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FD3E1E8EFCAEFA6E" box="[764,826,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FC561E80FBA4FA6E" author="Lessios, H. A." box="[916,1072,1463,1488]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref57136" refString="Lessios, H. A. (1998) Shallow water echinoids of Cayos Cochinos, Honduras. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (Supplement 4), 95 - 101." type="journal article" year="1998">Lessios 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FB801E8FFB43FA6E" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[1090,1239,1464,1488]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FB2A1E80FA03FA6E" author="Alvarado, J. J." box="[1256,1431,1463,1488]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref47180" refString="Alvarado, J. J. (2011) Echinoderm diversity in the Caribbean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 261 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 010 - 0053 - 0" type="journal article" year="2011">Alvarado 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FF551EEBFE6CFA4A" author="Rodriguez-Barreras, R. & Sabat, A. M. & Calzada-Marrero, J. R." box="[151,504,1500,1525]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="49" refId="ref62798" refString="Rodriguez-Barreras, R., Sabat, A. M. & Calzada-Marrero, J. R. (2013) The new list of shallow water echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) for Puerto Rico. Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175526721300026" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Rodríguez-Barreras
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FEBE1EEAFE21FA4B" box="[380,437,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDC61EEBFC84FA4A" author="Solis-Marin, F. A. & Alvarado, J. J. & Abreu-Perez, M. & Aguilera, O. & Alio, J. & Bacallado-Aranega, J. J. & Barraza, E. & Serrato, M. & Benitez-Villalobos, F. & Betancourt-Fernandez, L. & Borges, M. & Brandt, M. & Brogger, M. I. & Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Buitron-Sanchez, B. E. & Campos, L. S. & Cantera, J. & Clemente, S. & Cohen-Renjifo, M. & Coppard, S. & Costa-Lotufo, L. V. & Valle-Garcia, R. & Diaz, Y. & Diaz de Vivar, M. E. & Diaz-Martinez, J. P. & Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Epherra, L. & Escolar, M. & Francisco, V. & Freire, C. A. & Garcia-Arraras, E. & Gil, D. G. & Guarderas, P. & Hadel, V. F. & Hearn, A. & Hernandez, J. C. & Hernandez-Delgado, E. A. & Herrera-Moreno, A. & Herrero-Perezrul, M. D. & Hooker, Y. & Honey-Escandon, M. B. I. & Lodeiros, C. & Luzuriaga, M. & Manso, C. L. C. & Martin, A. & Martinez, M. I. & Martinez, S. & Moro-Abad, L. & Mutschke, E. & Navarro, J. C. & Neira, R. & Noriega, N. & Palleiro-Nayar, J. S. & Perez, A. F. & Perez-Ruzafa, A. & Prieto-Rios, E. & Reyes, J. & Rodriguez, R. & Rubilar, T. & Sancho-Mejia, T. & Sangil, C. & Silva, J. R. M. C. & Sonnenholzner, J. I. & Ventura, C. R. & Tablado, A. & Tavares, Y. & Tiago, C. G. & Tuya, F. & Williams, S. M." box="[516,784,1500,1525]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="543 - 654" refId="ref63726" refString="Solis-Marin, F. A., Alvarado, J. J., Abreu-Perez, M., Aguilera, O., Alio, J., Bacallado-Aranega, J. J., Barraza, E., Benavides- Serrato, M., Benitez-Villalobos, F., Betancourt-Fernandez, L., Borges, M., Brandt, M., Brogger, M. I., Borrero-Perez, G. H., Buitron-Sanchez, B. E., Campos, L. S., Cantera, J., Clemente, S., Cohen-Renjifo, M., Coppard, S., Costa-Lotufo, L. V., del Valle-Garcia, R., Diaz, Y., Diaz de Vivar, M. E., Diaz-Martinez, J. P., Duran-Gonzalez, A., Epherra, L., Escolar, M., Francisco, V., Freire, C. A., Garcia-Arraras, E., Gil, D. G., Guarderas, P., Hadel, V. F., Hearn, A., Hernandez, J. C., Hernandez-Delgado, E. A., Herrera-Moreno, A., Herrero-Perezrul, M. D., Hooker, Y., Honey-Escandon, M. B. I., Lodeiros, C., Luzuriaga, M., Manso, C. L. C., Martin, A., Martinez, M. I., Martinez, S., Moro-Abad, L., Mutschke, E., Navarro, J. C., Neira, R., Noriega, N., Palleiro-Nayar, J. S., Perez, A. F., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Prieto-Rios, E., Reyes, J., Rodriguez, R., Rubilar, T., Sancho-Mejia, T., Sangil, C., Silva, J. R. M. C., Sonnenholzner, J. I., Ventura, C. R., Tablado, A., Tavares, Y., Tiago, C. G., Tuya, F. & Williams, S. M. (2013) Appendix. In: Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 543 - 654." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Solís-Marín
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FD501EEAFD58FA4B" box="[658,716,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FC811EEBFC1EFA4B" box="[835,906,1500,1525]" name="Brazil" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from BA and RJ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FBA31EEBFB66FA4A" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[1121,1266,1500,1524]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FB3D1EEBFF40F9A6" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref61513" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FAA11EEAFA08FA4B" box="[1379,1436,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From depths of
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E18FFC6FE5A1D37FD97F9A9" box="[408,515,1535,1560]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="23.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 45 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDD31D37FD37F9A6" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[529,675,1536,1560]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E18FFC6FF051D13FBA2F853" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF051D13FD25F8E2" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF051D13FEAFF983" bold="true" box="[199,315,1572,1597]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FE0E1D13FDABF983" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[460,575,1572,1597]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FE0E1D13FDABF983" box="[460,575,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Schizaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains nine extant species, of which only three are recorded from the tropical Atlantic [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FEA11D7FFD56F9DE" authority="(Chesher, 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Chesher" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[355,706,1607,1632]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FEA11D7FFD94F9DE" box="[355,512,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDD31D70FD2EF9DE" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[529,698,1607,1632]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref49604" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1972) A new Paraster (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) from the Caribbean (Biological results of the University of Miami deep-sea expeditions. 86). Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 10 - 25." type="journal article" year="1972">Chesher, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FD121D7FFBDDF9DE" authority="A. Agassiz, 1880" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1880" box="[720,1097,1607,1632]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="orbignyanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FD121D7FFCEEF9DE" box="[720,890,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. orbignyanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FC411D7FFBDDF9DE" author="Agassiz, A." box="[899,1097,1607,1632]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="69 - 84" refId="ref46172" refString="Agassiz, A. (1880) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea in 1878 - 79, and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake ". IX. Preliminary report on the Echini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8, 69 - 84. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95375 # page / 81 / mode / 1 up (accessed 31 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1880">A. Agassiz, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FB461D7FFAB4F9DE" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityYear="1965" box="[1156,1312,1607,1632]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FB461D7FFAB4F9DE" box="[1156,1312,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. floridiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. The first two range from the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FE131D5BFDB2F93B" box="[465,550,1644,1669]" name="Mexico" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E18FFC6FD8E1D5BFD2BF93B" box="[588,703,1644,1669]" name="Venezuela" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the latter has Rio de Janeiro as its southern limit.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FAEB1D5BFE81F916" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityYear="1965" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FAEB1D5BFE81F916" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Schizaster floridiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FE761DA7FDC7F916" baseAuthorityName="Chesher" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[436,595,1679,1704]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FE761DA7FDC7F916" box="[436,595,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its rounded test, presence of less numerous pore-pairs in petal III, a shorter distance from the periproct to the lateroanal fasciole, and a larger petaloid.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FBAA1D83FAF0F973" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityYear="1965" box="[1128,1380,1716,1741]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FBAA1D83FAF0F973" box="[1128,1380,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Schizaster floridiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from its congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FE7D1DEFFDFEF94E" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1880" box="[447,618,1751,1776]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="orbignyanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FE7D1DEFFDFEF94E" box="[447,618,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. orbignyanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has two genital pores and ambulacrum III more depressed and larger. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FE421DCBFDA5F8AB" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[384,561,1788,1813]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, details are lacking for several important taxonomic characters in the original description given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FE431C28FDFFF886" author="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E." box="[385,619,1823,1848]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref55796" refString="Kier, P. M. & Grant, R. E. (1965) Echinoid distribution and habits, Key Largo Coral Reef Preserve, Florida. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 149, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1965">Kier & Grant (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Thus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD791C28FCFCF886" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[699,872,1823,1848]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed the species and furnished an excellent discussion on variations found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FDD21C72FD3EF8E3" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityYear="1965" box="[528,682,1860,1885]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FDD21C72FD3EF8E3" box="[528,682,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. floridiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E18FFC6FF051C50FBA2F853" blockId="43.[151,1437,708,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FF051C50FE1BF83E" bold="true" box="[199,399,1895,1920]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species lives burrowed in sandy and muddy sediments, at depths of about
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E18FFC6FAE31C50FAFCF8C1" box="[1313,1384,1895,1920]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
into the sediment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FEF71CBBFE42F81B" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[309,470,1932,1957]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref49536" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1966) Redescription of the echinoid species Paraster floridiensis (Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (1), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1966">Chesher 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FE2B1CBBFD76F81B" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityYear="1965" box="[489,738,1932,1957]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FE2B1CBBFD76F81B" box="[489,738,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Schizaster floridiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently occurs in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FB4D1CBAFABFF81B" baseAuthorityName="Chesher" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[1167,1323,1932,1957]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="doederleini">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FB4D1CBAFABFF81B" box="[1167,1323,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. doederleini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other fragile, burrowing spatangoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDC81C87FD63F877" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[522,759,1968,1993]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FDB01C86FD3BF877" box="[626,687,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FCCC1C86FC25F876" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[782,945,1968,1992]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FBE81C86FB5DF877" authorityName="Kier & Grant" authorityYear="1965" box="[1066,1225,1968,1993]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FBE81C86FB5DF877" box="[1066,1225,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. floridiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with the ophiuroid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FEC91CE3FD5EF852" authority="Manso, 2004" authorityName="Manso" authorityYear="2004" box="[267,714,2004,2029]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphioplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="camamuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FEC91CE3FDBAF852" box="[267,558,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Amphioplus camamuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FDF71CE2FD5EF852" author="Manso, C. L. C." box="[565,714,2004,2028]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref58662" refString="Manso, C. L. C. (2004) Echinodermata da Bacia de Camamu, Bahia, Brasil. Biologia Geral e Experimental, 5 (1), 19 - 25. Available from: http: // www. biologiageralexperimental. bio. br / temas / echinodermata / 1. pdf (accessed 20 November 2012)" type="journal article" year="2004">Manso, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E18FFC6FCD11CE3FCD2F852" box="[787,838,2004,2028]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Baía</collectingRegion>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FCE4E0424E18FFC6FC8F1CE3FBA6F853" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029199059" box="[845,1074,2004,2029]" collectorName="de Camamu" location="Bahia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
<collectorName id="E1798FC94E18FFC6FC8F1CE3FC40F852" box="[845,980,2004,2029]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">de Camamu</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E18FFC6FC211CE3FBBEF853" box="[995,1066,2004,2029]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |