189 lines
26 KiB
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189 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="1B770E62D50AC8D5E689EFE89C3A565A" ID-CLB-Dataset="28453" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.37.7888" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90c0088e-d1c5-4308-89cb-411cf5f4dc21" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-2-167" ID-ZooBank="7FD37BBFF89E469F83723A1A9F238CE4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="2367-5365-2-167" ModsDocOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 37 (2)" ModsDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, in Iran (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae). Part X: On two newly discovered Mesembrynus taxa from the western Alborz" checkinTime="1552155198043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hofmann, Axel & Naderi, Alireza" docDate="2014" docId="AD26C9EB9210D356962D59AD26C7E80E" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 37(2): 167-181" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 37 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.37.7888" docTitle="Zygaena tamara subsp. dailamica Hofmann & Naderi, 2014, ssp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="FFDD41768A6CFFA34F65FFE4FFA2BB0B" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, in Iran (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae). Part X: On two newly discovered Mesembrynus taxa from the western Alborz" masterLastPageNumber="181" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1701375935172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8D6A34013B8C41ADE9038C9295129D72">
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<mods:title id="12C96F0FDF8826871E27963E25E6F591">Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, in Iran (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae). Part X: On two newly discovered Mesembrynus taxa from the western Alborz</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="71A23F4D116FA5D08736285E63531A1F">Hofmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B9F2698ED2E7D1F85F1F0CC36027564">Naderi, Alireza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6F23F53E6D9270CBCA869CE02D66B0D7">Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="89FF18741A8544F2AA5E722E7ECFCE53">
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<mods:date id="BFC5AD92F38984261821C31F91C0A12D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="44D07851588ED4B0BA5C641605F9D826" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="77C7F97A1816A2763BC4B626252C709A">37</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D9DC7F7590DDA2D0EC5C72E4DCA2B2DF" type="issue">
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<mods:url id="63A3F7356D164747C379FE25EF66464B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.37.7888</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="73775478FF64C4838A1D1E93C6F53C50">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="246A466E1F68F01D75D34947B1FF115B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.37.7888</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AD26C9EB9210D356962D59AD26C7E80E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154366125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD26C9EB9210D356962D59AD26C7E80E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD26C9EB9210D356962D59AD26C7E80E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
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<subSubSection id="A5C5C20EC2FDA02FB2D4B8A7DE380B8E" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C66E54A70B8CD2686F123CA14BD0527" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName id="083F3E4D3F187128788CA932752F7445" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamara" subSpecies="dailamica">
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<pageBreakToken id="826C2D7C39F8018E969F8E9301210B85" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" start="start">Zygaena</pageBreakToken>
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tamara dailamica
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4EBA5450C4B8A4348557304A294CFC9" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 55-63, 64-70, 72
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0110B0CC7EF0AA4CF14AF27EBC21EE94" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" type="material">
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<paragraph id="36641A5944105B7D745B69F1AC82F8FD" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F75E44C44C46FF27EC7FE38CE63C080" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">
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Holotype ♂, 31 mm wingspan, "Iran, Prov. Qazvin, Hir NE, Gardaneh-ye Anbarkesh, N-Seite, 2780-2900 m, 13.7.2006, leg. A. Hofmann & A. Naderi", [
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<geoCoordinate id="F91000C3A4F5B83DC1A233BB17E17535" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.624332">36°37,46'N</geoCoordinate>
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, 50°
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<geoCoordinate id="6D3A787302C8A0691E3F5A46ECBAD9F7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="21.34">21,34E</geoCoordinate>
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], coll. A. Hofmann (to be deposited later in SMNK). Paratypes, same data as holotype: 7 ♂, 4 ♀, coll. A. Hofmann; 2 ♂, coll. T. Keil; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. et coll. A. Naderi. Same locality as holotype: 3 ♂, 18.vii.2007, leg. T. & C. Keil, coll. T. Keil. Same locality as holotype, F1, ab ovo, coll. A. Hofmann: 13 ♂, 15 ♀, e. p.: 26.iv.-29.v.2007; 19 ♂, 21 ♀, e. p.: 22.iv.-15.vii.2008; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, e. p.: 27.v.-11.vi.2009. Ibidem, F2: 3 ♂, 7 ♀ (ex CV070523), e. p.: 3.v.-23.vi.2008; 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (ex CV070523), e. p.: 3.-14.vi.2009; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ex CV08053,2), e. p.: 27.-30.v.2009. Ibidem, F3: 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (ex CV080503,1), e. p.: 29.v.-28.vi.2009. 10 ♂, 8 ♀, "Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, Tonekabon SW, Tamol vic., 2250-2400 m, 14.vii.2006, leg. A. Hofmann & A. Naderi", [
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<geoCoordinate id="3D80F993B67D523BBE961CC1C02EC255" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.647835">36°38,87'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0154EC3DDCA07549F706B29848B7E396" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="50.4285">50°25,71'E</geoCoordinate>
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], coll. A. Hofmann; 2 ♂, coll. T. Keil; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. et coll. A. Naderi; 24 ♂, 6 ♀, 18.vii.2007, leg. T. & C. Keil, coll. T. Keil; 3 ♂, leg. et coll. A. Naderi; 4 ♂, 4 ♀, 13.vii.2010, leg. et coll. A. Hofmann. Ibidem, F1, ab ovo, coll. A. Hofmann: 15 ♂, 28 ♀, e. p.: 22.v.-30.v.2007; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, e. p.: 15.-24.v.2008; 8 ♂, 9 ♀, F2 (ex CV070522,2), e. p.: 30.iv.-15.vii.2008. Ibidem, F2: 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (ex CV070522,2), e. p.: 2.-19.vi.2009; 3 ♂, 4 ♀ (ex CV070524), e. p.: 4.v.-11.v.2008; 6 ♂, 5 ♀ (ex CV070524), e. p.: 1.-11.vi.2009. 2 ♀, "Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, Tonekabon SW, Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh (Zarout) N, 2800-3000 m, 14.vii.2006, leg. A. Hofmann & A. Naderi", [
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<geoCoordinate id="AB353535AA461244B11A9D294F133DAF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.689167">36°41,35'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="401E733A821157AAFAF6E52BD1F987AB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="50.532665">50°31,96'E</geoCoordinate>
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], coll. A. Hofmann; 3 ♂, coll. T. Keil; 5 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. et coll. A. Naderi; 1 ♂, coll. P. Zehzad; 3 ♀, 14.vii.2010, leg. et. coll. A. Hofmann. Paratypes will be deposited in HMIM, CWGT.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="800EDC110B2F2DB1FBBEAA9B5ACB4EC9" pageId="6" pageNumber="173" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="83F7B4585A1D40762BF2AA4677176203" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20C5421D8C06E9B9E0095B8A5A722486" pageId="6" pageNumber="173">Dailam (persian دیلم) is the historical name of the mountain region on the south-west side of the Caspian Sea. Because of its mountain location Dailam was for a long time protected from the attacks of invading Arabs, its inhabitants much later being converted to Islam. The centre was the Assassin fortress of Alamut, a castle at 2100 m altitude that was regarded as impregnable, but was destroyed in 1275 by the Mongols.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AE1BE873BBEEB1C598EE58FB35F0003" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DCE2317A8B9268FB4C29F8498AD2DD9D" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
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<pageBreakToken id="17661B339D801429570133AD848B0CDD" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB35F251B6F37B5BCEE9FDD1298214DE" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Black ground colour with greenish or greyish sheen. Coloration of forewing spots warm red but without a tendency to orange. Hindwings less densely scaled, slightly translucent. Spots 1+2+2a forming a large basal blotch that is always well separated from the spot pair 3+4. Spot 3 smaller than spot 5, connected to the largest spot (spot 4). Spot 5 quadrangular, attached to spot 6, in the majority with a groove in the upper part, occasionally isolated, especially in the males. Spot 6 large, pear-shaped when separated from spot 5. Spot 6 completely absent in one female. Hindwings with a narrow greyish black border that can be broadened slightly at the apex. Red patagia and red abdominal belt always present on one segment, the latter closed ventrally. Tegulae consistently black in males, in females sometimes mixed with a few red scales. Legs greyish white in both sexes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABB7B571D1CD956B6686D0BE96C64AB" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BFDC3E9BF6E4F4BB00902AFAC04D17D0" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="030FA1B2C161E69F7BAC7589AD244422" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
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Imago: From all other populations of
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<taxonomicName id="B0DD694823F6DCC300BFA2E666A885BA" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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the new subspecies is well separated by the one-segmented red cingulum on the abdomen (Fig. 62). Moreover, the red coloration is colder, less orange than in the red populations of
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<taxonomicName id="FBF563D7CDFA8381A779DF3177FEBE33" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="9382B60491E959AF219C89B4D9C7CC52" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamara" subSpecies="placida">Zygaena tamara placida</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D56701E5290E84E95B3C1064560182C3" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamara" subSpecies="kendevanica">Zygaena tamara kendevanica</taxonomicName>
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). The distance between the spot pairs 1+2+2a and 3+4 of these subspecies is broader than that in
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<taxonomicName id="C65DF32CE886F723694F2BE2C6A97F52" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamara" subSpecies="dailamica">Zygaena tamara dailamica</taxonomicName>
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ssp. n., thus forming a broad black band of ground colour.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C13390E0524D26FA0BCCE29D9DA5BACF" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
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Preimaginal stages: Already the L1 larva is darker than larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="1B74AA0CAF1EB7B6833E760D428B578E" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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from other localities. This is even more obvious in the diapausing stage. Post-diapause larvae and fully-grown larvae exhibit a more dirty-yellow ground colour with more brownish grey-yellow on the verrucae. While the fully-grown larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="8DD9F1287E57A122FAAF534F3439B7C6" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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are nearly unicolorous without contrasting elements, those of dailamica ssp. n. are much more strongly marked with the anterior dorsal spots (ADS) well developed and the yellow dorso-subdorsal spots well visible and present on 10 segments (Figs 64-69). Moreover, constant differences exist in the sclerotization of the pupae and even in the coloration of the cocoon (Figs 70-72). The exuviae of dailamica ssp. n. are dark brown, in contrast to the light- to mid-brown coloration in all other known populations of
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<taxonomicName id="55B954B2F4760001340FD17E71D6363F" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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. The coloration of the cocoon is consistently slightly darker, less yellowish but light white-brownish with a tinge of green. Cocoons of
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<taxonomicName id="A6C0D8B4B033D198610DF729A3E49154" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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from Zanjan, Baneh (Kurdestan), Golujeh (Azerbaijan-e Sharqi) or from Dorud (Lorestan) are light yellow to white (Fig. 71).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF09D527D1744E34844F07F5F8455921" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="7" pageNumber="174" type="bionomics">
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<paragraph id="6B249CEE48D35BCFDAEBA0511A523248" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">Bionomics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C81587AC522CAF3116634FEF277B0ABB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="7" pageNumber="174">
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All habitats of Z.
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<pageBreakToken id="B739404CF1291A27367F0720F0EFED89" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" start="start">tamara</pageBreakToken>
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dailamica ssp. n. are treeless slopes with a combination of arboreal, oreal and eremic vegetation, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="51F3A1455AA9A0F118165F798CC00532" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Securigera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Securigera varia" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="varia">Securigera varia</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Lassen (
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<taxonomicName id="32D47EEB3AAB7A2F716778967B9D08A4" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) is found in the immediate vicinity of
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<taxonomicName id="9762DD7E7F18383380CA3485D066D93C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Onobrychis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Onobrychis cornuta" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornuta">Onobrychis cornuta</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Desv. (
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<taxonomicName id="F2CD6531355D0DC3F5D06D969961FE75" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="854FD019E915681863419AC1D34101F1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Eryngium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eryngium billardieri" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="billardieri">Eryngium billardieri</taxonomicName>
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Delar. (
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<taxonomicName id="B97457C8CE5AEE7D70CFF67851BAFA7F" family="Apiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="568AA48D468294CC02B98B90017A82CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astragalus (Tragacanthus)" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tragacanthus">Astragalus (Tragacanthus)</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="260CF45B9D8F33C39AC12095B98FEC7B" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) cushions and yellow-flowering
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<taxonomicName id="CD17FE6C7555247BD05CF9579A032E95" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phlomis" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phlomis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="09A92603A47E8623F7F0EC5FD595AACC" family="Lamiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
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), typical for the narrow transitional zone between the humid Hyrcanian and the more arid eremic regions. At the first locality (Gardaneh Anbarkesh), Z. tamara dailamica ssp. n. is syntopic with
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<taxonomicName id="08977F89558FAFEC517E8162BCBCB2E4" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena cambysea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambysea">Zygaena cambysea</taxonomicName>
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Lederer, 1870, while at the more northerly sites it is syntopic with
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<taxonomicName id="A8548161EECD126BD4A0EF1F8AB07C26" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena haberhaueri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haberhaueri">Zygaena haberhaueri</taxonomicName>
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Lederer, 1870. In the more humid valley that lies between the two mountain ranges, where there is intensive agriculture, plenty of orchards and many villages, only
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<taxonomicName id="61790C0797F06FF4347F35D4B7F1E03F" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena loti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loti">Zygaena loti</taxonomicName>
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(Denis &
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<normalizedToken id="2FC119B66020EBC978C58DE2CBB37284" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
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, 1775) and
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<taxonomicName id="1CCCB4A0D62E7001D2709B9773F6BBF8" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena dorycnii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorycnii">Zygaena dorycnii</taxonomicName>
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Ochsenheimer, 1808, were found; just 100-200 m higher up, the vegetation changes rapidly and becomes much drier and is partly grazed intensively by goats and sheep. These are the biotopes where, in the vicinity of Tamol, Z. tamara dailamica ssp. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="A3AD3FDFE01B9DFB1375A63E4954EECB" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena haberhaueri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haberhaueri">Zygaena haberhaueri</taxonomicName>
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were accompanied by these two species, a faunistic combination that is atypical for
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<taxonomicName id="C98B24BB74E2F8929AB1824757D5234F" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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. In its biotopes,
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<taxonomicName id="958D2C7E02F79FA8D6885D90D88974AE" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamara">Zygaena tamara</taxonomicName>
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is usually accompanied by species typical of the Zagros arid climate, e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="8B6BE7242D36C7CEDF7E4CE8DAC1F834" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena turkmenica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkmenica">Zygaena turkmenica</taxonomicName>
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Reiss, 1933,
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<taxonomicName id="7281EB10FD7C5A60E7C19371690571F2" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena escalerai" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escalerai">Zygaena escalerai</taxonomicName>
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Poujade, 1900,
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<taxonomicName id="3A0E171853AFE925BA6D62DA84FEBB73" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena rosinae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosinae">Zygaena rosinae</taxonomicName>
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Korb, 1903, Z. cambysea. The sympatry in the vicinity of Tamol represents a faunistic mixture comprising two species that are typical for the northern side of the Alborz Range (
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<taxonomicName id="D9AD4DDE603DDC8D097E6B64A953A385" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena dorycnii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorycnii">Zygaena dorycnii</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4D03618339130386897CD2C6C0774E1B" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena loti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loti">Zygaena loti</taxonomicName>
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), while the latter species does not even cross the Alborz main chain to the south.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="099D26ACD7FAEBD719DA68DFBF6C5B38" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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After 10.00 h, moths were observed nectaring at the pinkish flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="DA6A8ED68BBDA00B7AF4D9D44A241BFF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Salvia</taxonomicName>
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, but preferred to sit on the flower heads of some
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<taxonomicName id="8DFFE5DA117BAA1F7903313A53825BFC" family="Dipsacaceae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="family">Dipsacaceae</taxonomicName>
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, viz. a white and bluish
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<taxonomicName id="A5A3F52E483C338F33588C160D3EA465" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Scabiosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scabiosa" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Scabiosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. and a tall white-flowered
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<taxonomicName id="C8451EBF9E80770E88FC437877F43DF1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Cephalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cephalaria" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cephalaria</taxonomicName>
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sp. Several copulae were found sitting on dry stems or on the flowers of scabious during the afternoon after 15.00 h, rarely on cushions of an
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<taxonomicName id="5802EBFC385FD21B3A9AEC45D8B78B23" genus="Acanthophylum" lsidName="Acanthophylum" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" rank="genus">Acanthophylum</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FC4F600CCCCC5D021535A9C43849852" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="5C1D37FA4484F5071939EDCA4EB83F93" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5D82AB7A7CA24ADDA9AA245EAC178B0" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="CDE714F253F885CDD7552F2BD82BAF26" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamara" subSpecies="dailamica">Zygaena tamara dailamica</taxonomicName>
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ssp. n. was found only at altitudes between 2250-3000 m. Its distribution is restricted to the central Alborz range between north of Qazvin and south of Tonekabon and extends over two north-westerly/south-easterly ranging mountain chains with a valley of 1700-1900 m in between. In its most northerly sites
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<taxonomicName id="67F3B0B982A294A424115704EDA3D62E" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygaena tamara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tamara" subSpecies="dailamica">Zygaena tamara dailamica</taxonomicName>
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ssp. n. inhabits slopes that are open to the Caspian Sea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |