treatments-xml/data/63/1B/87/631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5.xml

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<mods:title id="76B07E647EF3379F611CA4931BAF35F5">Allium goumenissanum a new autumnal species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from north Greece</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F238143D3C28573D7A8AA43A1A04CC9F">Ioannidis, Vasilis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DB998828E78666EC0E2D5CE3D9CB7B11">AEGILOPS-Greek Network for Biodiversity and Ecology in Agriculture, Focal Point, 61100 Eleftherochori Kilkis, Greece basiliskilkis @ yahoo. gr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B34AAD7AD6998DBDE953C27CC51426F4">Tzanoudakis, Dimitris</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5B498C9197056F62B6AC0B5ACD3EC78">Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6819185" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197224838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6819185" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E5BD88BFDE3FCE6FDB2" box="[136,871,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E5BD88BFDE3FCE6FDB2" blockId="1.[136,871,532,559]" box="[136,871,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD88BFDE3FD0BFDB3" authority="Ioannidis &amp; Tzanoud." authorityName="Ioannidis &amp; Tzanoud." authorityYear="2022" box="[136,650,532,558]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD88BFDE3FE0FFDB3" box="[136,398,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
Ioannidis &amp; Tzanoud.
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<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDA92FDE2FD67FDB3" box="[657,742,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2F557CA7E592E5BDA92FDE2FD67FDB3" box="[657,742,533,558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="73892A267E592E5BDAF7FDE3FCDCFDB2" box="[756,861,532,559]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1317,1339]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,229,1906,1928]" captionStartId-2="3.[136,229,1991,2013]" captionStartId-3="4.[136,229,1991,2013]" captionStartId-4="5.[136,229,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,677,1292]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1401,1882]" captionTargetBox-2="[252,1335,190,1966]" captionTargetBox-3="[197,1391,190,1966]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1434,190,1043]" captionTargetId-0="figure-271@2.[151,1436,677,1292]" captionTargetId-1="figure-300@2.[151,1436,1401,1882]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@3.[252,1335,190,1966]" captionTargetId-3="figure-27@4.[197,1391,190,1966]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@5.[151,1436,190,1049]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Allium goumenissanum (cultivated plants):A. Foliage leaves produced by activation of both bulbs and bulblets. B. Bulb with bulblet.- All photographs by Vasilis Ioannidis." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Allium goumenissanum (in the wild). A. Inflorescence, B. Shape and colours of perigone and perigone-segments. - All photographs by Vasilis Ioannidis." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Allium goumenissanum. Photos of:A. Perigone-segments and filaments (inner view), B. Anther, C. Ovary, D. Capsule and E. Seeds..- All photographs by Vasilis Ioannidis." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Allium goumenissanum. The type specimen (Holotype)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Allium goumenissanum (3x=24):A &amp; B. Mitotic metaphase plates, arrows indicate the single msm and the SAT-chromosomes, C. Drawing of karyogram. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809792" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809794" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809796" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809798" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809800" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6809792/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6809794/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6809796/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6809798/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6809800/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E5BD88BFD97FE31FCD0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E5BD88BFD97FE31FCD0" blockId="1.[136,1452,608,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD88BFD97FEEBFDE8" box="[136,362,608,629]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD88BFD97FEEBFDE8" box="[136,362,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an autumn flowering species, member of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDB1DFD97FBECFDEB" authority="Rchb." authorityName="Rchb." box="[798,1133,608,630]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Codonoprasum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDB1DFD97FCDFFDE8" box="[798,862,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Allium</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDB9BFD97FBADFDE8" box="[920,1068,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
Rchb.
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characterized by a sub-spherical to spherical inflorescence, 2 opposite spathe valves much longer than pedicels, reddish-white to brownish tepals and stamens included within perigone. It is related to 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDA3EFD5FFC4EFD20" authority="Trigas &amp; Bareka 2020: 287" authorityName="Trigas &amp; Bareka" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="2020" box="[573,975,680,702]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stamatiadae">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDA3EFD5FFD4DFD20" box="[573,716,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. stamatiadae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDAD2FD5FFC4EFD20" author="Trigas, P. &amp; Bareka, P." box="[721,975,680,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="287 - 294" refId="ref5825" refString="Trigas, P. &amp; Bareka, P. (2020) Allium stamatiadae, a new species of A. sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from Andros Island (Aegean Archipelago, Greece). Phytotaxa 443 (3): 287 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 443.3.5" type="journal article" year="2020">Trigas &amp; Bareka 2020:287</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDBE3FD5FFEA9FD7C" authority="Kalpoutzakis, Trigas &amp; Constantinidis (2012: 223)" authorityName="Kalpoutzakis, Trigas &amp; Constantinidis" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="2012" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orestis">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDBE3FD5FFBB8FD20" box="[992,1081,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. orestis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDC3DFD5FFEA9FD7C" author="Kalpoutzakis, E. &amp; Trigas, P. &amp; Constantinidis, Th." pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref5375" refString="Kalpoutzakis, E., Trigas, P. &amp; Constantinidis, Th. (2012) Allium orestis sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae) from Parnon and Taigetos mountains, south Peloponnisos, Greece. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.2011.01490. x" type="journal article" year="2012">Kalpoutzakis, Trigas &amp; Constantinidis (2012:223)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD95BFD3BFCC9FD7C" authority="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis (2019: 197)" authorityName="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis" authorityPageNumber="197" authorityYear="2019" box="[344,840,716,738]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panormitisi">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD95BFD3BFE63FD7C" box="[344,482,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. panormitisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BD9EBFD3BFCC9FD7C" author="Galanos, C. J. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D." box="[488,840,716,738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="197 - 203" refId="ref5226" refString="Galanos, C. J. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D. (2019) Allium panormitisi (Amaryllidaceae), a new autumn-flowering species from Symi island, SE Aegean area, Greece. Botanica Serbica 43: 197 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / BOTSERB 1902197 G" type="journal article" year="2019">Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis (2019: 197)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from which, however, differs in a number of characters related to the outer tunics of the bulbs (
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD9F2FD07FDFAFC98" authorityName="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis" authorityYear="2019" box="[497,635,752,773]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panormitisi">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD9F2FD07FDFAFC98" box="[497,635,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. panormitisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), stem attachment to the bulb (
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDBA4FD07FBB6FC98" authorityName="Trigas &amp; Bareka" authorityYear="2020" box="[935,1079,752,773]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stamatiadae">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDBA4FD07FBB6FC98" box="[935,1079,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. stamatiadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the morphology of the spathe-valves (
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD8C6FCE3FED6FCB4" authorityName="Trigas &amp; Bareka" authorityYear="2020" box="[197,343,788,809]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stamatiadae">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD8C6FCE3FED6FCB4" box="[197,343,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. stamatiadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the length of pedicels (
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDA4CFCE3FD2AFCB4" authorityName="Kalpoutzakis, Trigas &amp; Constantinidis" authorityYear="2012" box="[591,683,788,809]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orestis">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDA4CFCE3FD2AFCB4" box="[591,683,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. orestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the portion of the stem covered by the leaf-sheaths and the length of the stamens (
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD91AFCCFFE23FCD0" authorityName="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,418,824,845]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panormitisi">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD91AFCCFFE23FCD0" box="[281,418,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">A. panormitisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E5BD88BFCABFAE2FC08" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E5BD88BFCABFAE2FC08" blockId="1.[136,1452,608,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="5BDA3CFE7E592E5BD88BFCABFADEFC08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3861645303" collectingDate="2021-09-09" collectorName="Tzanoudakis &amp; Ioannidis" country="Greece" county="Type" elevation="350" latitude="40.95" location="Kilkis" longLatPrecision="1159" longitude="22.433332" municipality="District" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="026C4E2F7E592E5BD88BFCABFF3BFCEC" box="[136,186,860,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Type</collectingCounty>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E592E5BD8D5FCABFEB6FCEC" box="[214,311,860,881]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">GREECE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E592E5BD93CFCABFE7BFCEF" box="[319,506,860,882]" country="Greece" name="Kentriki Makedonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Central Macedonia</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="0B69ACD97E592E5BDA00FCABFDCAFCEF" box="[515,587,860,882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">District</collectingMunicipality>
(Nomos) 
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, 
<location id="EE6D60787E592E5BDAF1FCABFCCCFCEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5:EE6D60787E592E5BDAF1FCABFCCCFCEF" box="[754,845,860,882]" country="Greece" county="Type" latitude="40.95" longLatPrecision="1159" longitude="22.433332" municipality="District" name="Mt Paiko" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia">Mt Paiko</location>
, WNW of the village 
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, at the margins of oak forest, elev. 
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., 
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N 40 
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57’
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BD9C8FC77FDA7FC0B" box="[459,550,895,918]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="22.433332">
E 22 
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26’
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="9F0C10637E592E5BDA32FC77FD60FC08" box="[561,737,896,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2021-09-09">
<collectingDate id="8F48E98B7E592E5BDA32FC77FD60FC08" box="[561,737,896,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2021-09-09">9 September 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDAE8FC77FBA1FC08" box="[747,1056,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDAE8FC77FCE5FC08" box="[747,868,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Tzanoudakis</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDB80FC77FC5FFC08" box="[899,990,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ioannidis</collectorName>
14719
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="340988017E592E5BDC2FFC77FB03FC0B" box="[1068,1154,896,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
UPA!, isotypes UPA!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E5BD88BFC33FF2AFA2F" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E5BD88BFC33FF2AFA2F" blockId="1.[136,1452,964,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
Bulbous perennial herb. Bulb ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDAA5FC33FD79FC42" box="[678,760,964,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
, outer tunics coriaceous, brown to reddish-brown, the inner ones membranous, whitish. Bulblets present, produced externally, lateral, or to the upper part of the bulb, ellipsoid, acuminate, 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BD90BFBFBFEF0FBBA" box="[264,369,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
long, light brownish to reddish. Stem erect, robust, 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDBAAFBFBFB96FBBA" box="[937,1047,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDC58FBFBFB37FBBA" box="[1115,1206,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter, glabrous, inserted centrally to the bulb, covered by the leaf-sheaths for 1/2–2/3 of its length. Leaves 3–4, fistulous, canaliculated, ribbed abaxially, glabrous, shorter to equaling the stem in length and ca. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDBE2FBA3FBA7FBF2" box="[993,1062,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
wide. Spathe persistent with two opposite and unequal valves, the longer 7–9 -nerved and up to 15(20) cm long, the shorter 5–6-nerved and up to 8(12) cm long. Inflorescence lax, fastigiate, sub-spherical, many-flowered (50–60), pedicels sub-equal to unequal 8–20 (30) mm long, the central ones erect in fruit. Perigone campanulate, tepals (5–) 6 × (2–) 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDC18FB37FBDCFB46" box="[1051,1117,1216,1243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, greenish-white in margin and reddish-brown in the upper part and around the greenish mid-vein, the outer elliptic and slightly mucronate, the inner obovate rounded. Stamens included into perigone, filaments white, connate at the base into an annulus ca. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDD2FFAFFFAEDFABE" box="[1324,1388,1288,1315]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long. Anthers oblong-ovate ca.1.2 × 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BD9E9FADBFDC2FADA" box="[490,579,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
, purple. Ovary oblong- obovate ca. 4 × 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDC0CFADBFBD5FADA" box="[1039,1108,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, greenish, gradually narrowed and whitish towards the base and slightly rounded and yellowish in the upper part. Style ca. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDC82FAA7FB40FAF6" box="[1153,1217,1360,1387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, white. Capsule 3-valved, pear-shaped, ca. 5.5 × 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BD9FBFA83FDD3FA12" box="[504,594,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. Seeds semi-ovoid, black, ca. 3.5 × 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDBEAFA83FBACFA12" box="[1001,1069,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Chromosome number: 2n = 3x = 24.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E5BD8BEFA4BFA8DF9FB" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E5BD8BEFA4BFA8DF9FB" blockId="1.[136,1452,964,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="5BDA3CFE7E592E5BD8BEFA4BFE66F983" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3861645304" collectingDate="2012-09-18" collectingDateMax="2021-09-09" collectingDateMin="2012-09-18" collectorName="Ioannidis" country="Greece" county="District" elevation="350" latitude="41.014168" location="Mt Paiko" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="22.489248" municipality="Kilkis" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD8BEFA4BFD2FFA4B" bold="true" box="[189,686,1468,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
Additional material examined (
<typeStatus id="340988017E592E5BDA2EFA4BFD26FA4B" box="[557,679,1468,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E592E5BDACCFA4BFCC3FA4B" box="[719,834,1468,1494]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">GREECE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E592E5BDB48FA4BFBA2FA4B" box="[843,1059,1468,1494]" country="Greece" name="Kentriki Makedonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Central Macedonia</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="026C4E2F7E592E5BDC2FFA4BFB01FA4B" box="[1068,1152,1468,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">District</collectingCounty>
(Nomos) 
<collectingMunicipality id="0B69ACD97E592E5BDCEDFA4BFAB4FA4B" box="[1262,1333,1468,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Kilkis</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="EE6D60787E592E5BDD3CFA4AFA29FA4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5:EE6D60787E592E5BDD3CFA4AFA29FA4B" box="[1343,1448,1468,1495]" country="Greece" county="District" latitude="41.014168" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="22.489248" municipality="Kilkis" name="Mt Paiko" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia">Mt Paiko</location>
, WNW of the village 
<location id="EE6D60787E592E5BD97BFA17FD84FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:631B87B57E592E5DD88BFDE3FC70F8E5:EE6D60787E592E5BD97BFA17FD84FA67" box="[376,517,1504,1530]" country="Greece" county="District" latitude="41.014168" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="22.489248" municipality="Kilkis" name="Goumenissa" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia">Goumenissa</location>
, at the margins of oak forest, elev. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDB95FA17FB92FA66" box="[918,1043,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">
<elevation id="609FD1907E592E5BDB95FA17FB92FA66" box="[918,1043,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">300-400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BDC23FA16FB0CFA66" box="[1056,1165,1504,1531]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="40.95">
N 40 
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E592E5BDC5AFA17FBE0FA73" attach="left" box="[1113,1121,1504,1518]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">o</superScript>
57’
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BDC96FA16FA82FA67" box="[1173,1283,1504,1531]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="22.433332">
E 22 
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E592E5BDCC9FA17FB53FA73" attach="left" box="[1226,1234,1504,1518]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">o</superScript>
26’
</geoCoordinate>
. 
<date id="9F0C10637E592E5BDD0CFA17FF42F983" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2012-09-18">
<collectingDate id="8F48E98B7E592E5BDD0CFA17FF42F983" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2012-09-18">18 September 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD8CCF9F3FE07F983" box="[207,390,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ioannidis 14721</emphasis>
(UPA!).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5BDA3CFE7E592E5BD9EDF9F3FBA5F9DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3861645301" collectingDate="2012-09-18" collectingDateMax="2021-09-09" collectingDateMin="2012-09-18" collectorName="Tzanoudakis &amp; Ioannidis" country="Greece" county="District" elevation="350" latitude="41.014168" location="Mt Paiko" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="22.489248" municipality="Kilkis" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia">
Ibid. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDA29F9F3FDE2F983" box="[554,611,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
on the way from Goumenissa to Filirias, in abandoned fields, elev. ca. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BDD7CF9F3FF21F9DE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="250.0">
<elevation id="609FD1907E592E5BDD7CF9F3FF21F9DE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BD8AEF9DFFE88F9DE" box="[173,265,1576,1603]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="40.933334">
N40 
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E592E5BD8DEF9DFFF64F9AB" attach="none" box="[221,229,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">o</superScript>
56’
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BD913F9DFFEF0F9DF" box="[272,369,1576,1602]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="22.45">
E22 
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E592E5BD93EF9DFFEC4F9AB" attach="left" box="[317,325,1576,1590]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">o</superScript>
27’
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="9F0C10637E592E5BD97DF9DFFDCFF9DF" box="[382,590,1576,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2021-09-09">
<collectingDate id="8F48E98B7E592E5BD97DF9DFFDCFF9DF" box="[382,590,1576,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2021-09-09">9 September 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDA59F9DFFC45F9DF" box="[602,964,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDA59F9DFFD69F9DF" box="[602,744,1576,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Tzanoudakis</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDB0FF9DFFCF7F9DF" box="[780,886,1576,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ioannidis</collectorName>
14720
</emphasis>
(UPA!).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5BDA3CFE7E592E5BDC2FF9DFFA89F9FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3861645302" collectingDate="2012-09-18" collectingDateMax="2021-09-09" collectingDateMin="2012-09-18" collectorName="Ioannidis" country="Greece" county="District" elevation="350" latitude="41.014168" location="Mt Paiko" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="22.489248" municipality="Kilkis" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kentriki Makedonia">
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDC2FF9DFFB1CF9DE" box="[1068,1181,1576,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ibid. Near</collectorName>
the village 
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDD20F9DFFAD8F9DF" box="[1315,1369,1576,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Skra</collectorName>
, across the small valley called “Kotzadere”, 
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BDA27F9BAFD1AF9FA" box="[548,667,1612,1639]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="15" seconds="51" value="41.014168">N 41°0’51</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8E8650647E592E5BDAABF9BAFCD3F9FB" box="[680,850,1612,1639]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="21, 29" value="22.489248">
E 22°29’21, 
<date id="9F0C10637E592E5BDB35F9BBFCD3F9FB" box="[822,850,1612,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2021-08-29">29</date>
</geoCoordinate>
August 2021, 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDBF5F9BBFB2CF9FB" box="[1014,1197,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<collectorName id="464753757E592E5BDBF5F9BBFBE1F9FB" box="[1014,1120,1612,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ioannidis</collectorName>
14722
</emphasis>
(UPA!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E5BD8BEF987FB4DF933" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E5BD8BEF987FB4DF933" blockId="1.[136,1452,964,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD8BEF987FEBFF917" bold="true" box="[189,318,1648,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet refers to Goumenissa, the small traditional city near the 
<typeStatus id="340988017E592E5BDCD0F986FA82F916" box="[1235,1283,1649,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species, well known for its vineyards and its traditional local orchestra (Panda) called “chalkina”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E592E58D8BEF94FFD50FD11" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E592E58D8BEF94FFD50FD11" blockId="1.[136,1452,964,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,653]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD8BEF94FFD54F94F" bold="true" box="[189,725,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Distribution, Ecology and population biology</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDAFAF94FFC7FF94F" box="[761,1022,1720,1746]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDAFAF94FFC7FF94F" box="[761,1022,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently known only from the 
<typeStatus id="340988017E592E5BDD78F94EFA2AF94E" box="[1403,1451,1721,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality and two other sites, all close to Goumenissa village of Kilkis’ province (NC 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E592E5BDC57F92BFB29F96B" box="[1108,1192,1756,1782]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Greece</collectingCountry>
), at the foothills of Mt Paiko (
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E592E5BD8D5F8F7FED6F886" box="[214,343,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="250.0">250–400 m</quantity>
a.s.l.). 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD9ABF8F7FD2FF887" box="[424,686,1792,1818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD9ABF8F7FD2FF887" box="[424,686,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows, mainly, in forest margins and small streams characterized by the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD936F8D3FC94F8A3" authority="Willdenow (1796: 279)" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityPageNumber="279" authorityYear="1796" box="[309,789,1828,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD936F8D3FD8DF8A3" box="[309,524,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Quercus pubescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDA12F8D3FC94F8A3" author="Willdenow, C. L." box="[529,789,1828,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref6177" refString="Willdenow, C. L. (1796) Berlinische Baumzucht. Berlin 506 pp." type="book" year="1796">Willdenow (1796: 279)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDB4AF8D3FA95F8A3" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 999)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="999" authorityYear="1753" box="[841,1300,1828,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDB4AF8D3FB9CF8A3" box="[841,1053,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Platanus orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDC20F8D3FA95F8A3" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1059,1300,1828,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5526" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 999)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. In the 
<typeStatus id="340988017E592E5BD8D6F8BEFE84F8FE" box="[213,261,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality the new species is also accompanied by plant species like 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDC0CF8BFFF3FF81A" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 995)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="995" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDC0CF8BFFB5EF8FF" box="[1039,1247,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Quercus coccifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDCF1F8BFFF3FF81A" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5526" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 995)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD8CAF89BFDE8F81B" authority="Linnaeus (1762: 738)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="738" authorityYear="1762" box="[201,617,1900,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="creticus">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD8CAF89BFEEEF81B" box="[201,367,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cistus creticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BD976F89BFDE8F81B" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[373,617,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5563" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species Plantarum, Ed. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 784 pp." type="book" year="1762">Linnaeus (1762: 738)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDA77F89AFBEAF81A" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 565)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="565" authorityYear="1753" box="[628,1131,1900,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Teucrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamaedrys">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDA77F89AFCEAF81B" box="[628,875,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Teucrium chamaedrys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDB79F89BFBEAF81A" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[890,1131,1900,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5526" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 565)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDC7AF89BFE8DF837" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 600)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="600" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Prunella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDC7AF89BFABFF81B" box="[1145,1342,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Prunella vulgaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDD46F89BFE8DF837" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5526" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 600)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,), 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD929F867FD78F836" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 534)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="534" authorityYear="1753" box="[298,761,1936,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Nigella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="damascena">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BD929F867FD80F837" box="[298,513,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Nigella damascena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDA0BF867FD78F836" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[520,761,1936,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5526" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 534)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDB04F866FBEAF837" authority="Janka (1877: 244)" authorityName="Janka" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1877" box="[775,1131,1936,1962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sintenisii">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDB04F866FC1BF837" box="[775,922,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Iris sintenisii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDBA2F867FBEAF837" author="Janka, V." box="[929,1131,1936,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="242 - 245" refId="ref5314" refString="Janka, V. (1877) Generis Iris species nova. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek. Budapest 1 (4): 242 - 245." type="journal article" year="1877">Janka (1877: 244)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BDCA2F866FE82F853" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 70)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1753" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Briza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E592E5BDCA2F866FABFF837" box="[1185,1342,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Briza maxima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E592E5BDD46F867FE82F853" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5526" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 70)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. All known subpopulations of the new species are rather small and geographically localized. The plants usually 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E592E5BD8E7F82FFEE4F86F" box="[228,357,2008,2034]" form="dense" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="form">form dense</taxonomicName>
clusters, typically consisting of both mature and immature individuals, while scattered single individuals also occur. The subpopulation located between Goumenissa and Filirias consists of more than 1000 individuals occupying an area of less than 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E5A2E58DA60FF69FD2BFF24" box="[611,682,158,185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E5A2E58DAA9FF69FD33FF31" attach="left" box="[682,690,158,172]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2</superScript>
, while the two other subpopulations (in a distance of ca. 7.5 and 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E5A2E58DD8BFF69FF2DFF41" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="9.5">9.5 km</quantity>
from the former) count about 200 individuals each. The population structure mentioned above and the presence of the bulblets, around the main bulb, indicate a significant role of vegetative reproduction in 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58DC7AFF10FAD2FE9D" box="[1145,1363,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58DC7AFF10FACEFE9D" box="[1145,1359,231,257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">A. goumenissanum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Further studies, however, are necessary for clarifying the role of the sexual reproduction in this triploid species. Preliminary results showed that, in the new species, the pollen fertility approaches 78% and in each inflorescence, ca. 25% of the flowers produce, at least, one good seed. Data of this kind, however, are not available from other diploids or polyploids autumn-flowering Mediterranean 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58DA7EFE81FCA6FE0D" box="[637,807,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58DA7EFE81FD49FE0D" box="[637,712,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Allium</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
With regard the total distribution range of the new species it is worth to note that the low and moderate elevation sites of the mountains of the north continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5A2E58DD04FE6DFAD7FE29" box="[1287,1366,410,436]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Greece</collectingCountry>
are not thoroughly explored and autumn–flowering species are, in general, considered as under–collected. Thus, the presence of additional populations of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58D9C5FE14FD1BFE61" box="[454,666,483,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58D9C5FE14FD1BFE61" box="[454,666,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5A2E58DB26FE15FCF5FE61" box="[805,884,482,508]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Greece</collectingCountry>
and neighboring countries cannot be ruled out. So far, autumn-flowering 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58D984FDF1FD86FDBC" box="[391,519,518,545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58D984FDF1FE53FDBD" box="[391,466,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Allium</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
resembling 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58DA90FDF0FCE7FDBD" box="[659,870,519,545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58DA90FDF0FCE7FDBD" box="[659,870,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected from three different regions of the North 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5A2E58D8FBFDDDFEC6FDD9" box="[248,327,554,580]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Greece</collectingCountry>
(unpublished data, Purkhard Biel and Zacharias Kypriotakis pers. comm.), as well as from the island of Evia (unpublished data; 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5A2E58D9BBFDB9FD34FDF5" author="Trigas, P. &amp; Bareka, P." box="[440,693,590,616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="287 - 294" refId="ref5825" refString="Trigas, P. &amp; Bareka, P. (2020) Allium stamatiadae, a new species of A. sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from Andros Island (Aegean Archipelago, Greece). Phytotaxa 443 (3): 287 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 443.3.5" type="journal article" year="2020">Trigas &amp; Bareka 2020</bibRefCitation>
), but the quality and/or the quantity of the material available do not allow for an accurate identification and comparison.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5A2E58D88BFAD2FDC2FAC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6809792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[136,229,1317,1339]" targetBox="[151,1436,677,1292]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5A2E58D88BFAD2FDC2FAC2" blockId="2.[136,1452,1317,1375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58D88BFAD2FF7CFAA7" bold="true" box="[136,253,1317,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58D900FAD2FE62FAA6" box="[259,483,1317,1339]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58D900FAD2FE62FAA6" box="[259,483,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cultivated plants): A. Foliage leaves produced by activation of both bulbs and bulblets. B. Bulb with bulblet.- All photographs by Vasilis Ioannidis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5A2E58D88BF885FE48F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6809794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809794/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[136,229,1906,1928]" targetBox="[151,1436,1401,1882]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5A2E58D88BF885FE48F831" blockId="2.[136,1452,1906,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58D88BF885FE80F81A" bold="true" box="[136,257,1906,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5A2E58D90AF885FE6FF815" box="[265,494,1906,1928]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5A2E58D90AF885FE6FF815" box="[265,494,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in the wild). A. Inflorescence, B. Shape and colours of perigone and perigone-segments. - All photographs by Vasilis Ioannidis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5B2E59D88BF830FDC5F79C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6809796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" startId="3.[136,229,1991,2013]" targetBox="[252,1335,190,1966]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5B2E59D88BF830FDC5F79C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1991,2049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5B2E59D88BF830FF7CF841" bold="true" box="[136,253,1991,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5B2E59D900F830FE6BF841" box="[259,490,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5B2E59D900F830FE67F841" box="[259,486,1991,2012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">Allium goumenissanum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photos of: A. Perigone-segments and filaments (inner view), B. Anther, C. Ovary, D. Capsule and E. Seeds..- All photographs by Vasilis Ioannidis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5C2E5ED88BF830FC9DF840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6809798" box="[136,796,1991,2013]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809798/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" startId="4.[136,229,1991,2013]" targetBox="[197,1391,190,1966]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5C2E5ED88BF830FC9DF840" blockId="4.[136,796,1991,2013]" box="[136,796,1991,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5C2E5ED88BF830FF7FF841" bold="true" box="[136,254,1991,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5C2E5ED900F830FE6AF841" box="[259,491,1991,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5C2E5ED900F830FE66F841" box="[259,487,1991,2012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">Allium goumenissanum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The type specimen (Holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5D2E5FD88BFBC6FDC2FBF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6809800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809800/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" startId="5.[136,229,1073,1095]" targetBox="[151,1434,190,1043]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5D2E5FD88BFBC6FDC2FBF6" blockId="5.[136,1452,1073,1131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FD88BFBC6FF7DFBDA" bold="true" box="[136,252,1073,1095]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FD902FBC6FE60FBDA" box="[257,481,1073,1095]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FD902FBC6FE60FBDA" box="[257,481,1073,1095]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3x=24): A &amp; B. Mitotic metaphase plates, arrows indicate the single msm and the SAT-chromosomes, C. Drawing of karyogram. Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E5D2E5FD8BEFB49FF78F86D" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5D2E5FD8BEFB49FF78F86D" blockId="5.[136,1452,1214,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FD8BEFB49FEBAFB45" bold="true" box="[189,315,1214,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Karyology</emphasis>
:—In all the material investigated 24 chromosomes were counted in the metaphase plates. Considering that x = 8 is the basic chromosome number in 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FDAA4FB15FB50FB61" authority="(Tzanoudakis 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Tzanoudakis" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[679,1233,1250,1276]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Codonoprasum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDAA4FB15FD73FB61" box="[679,754,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Allium</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDB34FB15FC65FB61" box="[823,996,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5D2E5FDBF6FB15FB48FB61" author="Tzanoudakis, D." box="[1013,1225,1250,1276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="305 - 320" refId="ref5920" refString="Tzanoudakis, D. (1992) Karyotype variation and evolution in the Greek Allium. In: Hanelt, P., Hammer, K. &amp; Knupffer, H. (Eds.) The genus Allium: taxonomic problems and genetic resources. Institut fur Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, pp. 305 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1992">Tzanoudakis 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
the new species is triploid (2n = 3x = 24). According to the available data on the cytology of the Mediterranean autumn – flowering species of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FD8FDFADDFCADFAD9" authority="(Ozhatay et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Ozhatay" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[254,812,1322,1350]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Codonoprasum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FD8FDFADDFEC8FAD9" box="[254,329,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Allium</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FD98BFADDFDB4FAD9" box="[392,565,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5D2E5FDA40FADCFCA5FAD9" author="Ozhatay, N. &amp; Kocyigit, M. &amp; Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C." box="[579,804,1322,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="152 - 166" refId="ref5616" refString="Ozhatay, N., Kocyigit, M., Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C. (2018) Allium istanbulense, a new autumnal species of A. sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic position among allied species. Phytotaxa 334 (2): 152 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 334.2.5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Özhatay 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDAAAFADCFD5BFAD9" box="[681,730,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FDB34FADDFB8BFAD9" box="[823,1034,1322,1348]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDB34FADDFB8BFAD9" box="[823,1034,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be the first triploid member of this group. In a total of 18 Mediterranean autumn-flowering species known so far, 13 are diploids (2n = 2x = 16) and 5 tetraploids (2n = 4x = 32). Since, of these 5 polyploid species, only one was reported from the Eastern Mediterranean area viz. the Central 
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E5D2E5FD96FFA61FE43FA2D" box="[364,450,1430,1456]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aegean</collectingRegion>
endemic 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FDA2EFA61FC5FFA2D" authority="Biel et al. (2006: 367)" authorityName="Biel" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="2006" box="[557,990,1430,1456]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apolloniensis">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDA2EFA61FD61FA2D" box="[557,736,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">A. apolloniensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5D2E5FDAE4FA61FC5FFA2D" author="Biel, B. &amp; Tan, K. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D." box="[743,990,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="367 - 372" refId="ref4738" refString="Biel, B., Tan, K. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D. (2006) A new autumn- flowering species of Allium (Liliaceae) from the island of Sifnos (Cyclades, Greece). Willdenowia 36 (SI): 367 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 36.36132" type="journal article" year="2006">
Biel 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDB1FFA60FCD5FA2D" box="[796,852,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(2006: 367)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FDBEAFA61FB37FA2D" box="[1001,1206,1430,1456]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanun">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FDBEAFA61FB37FA2D" box="[1001,1206,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">A. goumenissanun</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the second one, but it is a triploid species distributed far away from the Central 
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E5D2E5FDB19FA4DFCF1FA49" box="[794,880,1466,1492]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aegean</collectingRegion>
area (
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5D2E5FDBB0FA4DFC76FA49" box="[947,1015,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[187,1407,665,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-144@6.[151,1436,640,1588]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution in Greece of species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum with a late flowering period (August-November). Phytogrographical subdivisions according to Dimopoulos et al. (2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809802/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Regarding chromosome morphology, the karyotype analysis showed that the complement of the new species consists, almost exclusively, of metacentric chromosomes which, also, show no significant size differences (
<tableCitation id="A63003187E5D2E5FDB61F9F5FC39F981" box="[866,952,1538,1564]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,229,158,184]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Tentative haploid complement of A. goumenissanum (2n = 3x = 24). Mean arm ratio (r) and relative length" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5D2E5FDBC4F9F5FB8DF980" box="[967,1036,1538,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,190,1049]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Allium goumenissanum (3x=24):A &amp; B. Mitotic metaphase plates, arrows indicate the single msm and the SAT-chromosomes, C. Drawing of karyogram. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809800/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). According to our results, the mean absolute length of the chromosomes of the haploid complement (x = 8) is ca. 8 μm, the R-length (percentage of the length of each individual chromosome in the total length of the haploid complement) varies between 14.84 and 10.50%, while the arm ratio (r) values vary between 1.11 and 1.24 (
<tableCitation id="A63003187E5D2E5FDB14F999FCEAF915" box="[791,875,1646,1672]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,229,158,184]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Tentative haploid complement of A. goumenissanum (2n = 3x = 24). Mean arm ratio (r) and relative length" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41">Table 1</tableCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5D2E5FDB8CF999FC53F914" box="[911,978,1646,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,190,1049]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Allium goumenissanum (3x=24):A &amp; B. Mitotic metaphase plates, arrows indicate the single msm and the SAT-chromosomes, C. Drawing of karyogram. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809800/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). In the metaphase plates investigated, the number of nucleolar organizer chromosomes (SAT-chromosomes) observed varies between 0 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5D2E5FDD04F965FACAF930" box="[1287,1355,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,190,1049]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Allium goumenissanum (3x=24):A &amp; B. Mitotic metaphase plates, arrows indicate the single msm and the SAT-chromosomes, C. Drawing of karyogram. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809800/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) always belonging to ‘paniculatum’ 
<typeStatus id="340988017E5D2E5FD9C6F941FE74F94D" box="[453,501,1718,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
(
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E5D2E5FDA04F941FDA8F959" attach="left" box="[519,553,1718,1744]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">mA</superScript>
according to 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5D2E5FDAC6F941FC1BF94D" author="Tzanoudakis, D." box="[709,922,1718,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" pagination="259 - 284" refId="ref5884" refString="Tzanoudakis, D. (1983) Karyotypes of ten taxa of Allium sect. Scorodon from Greece. Caryologia 36: 259 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.1983.10797667" type="journal article" year="1983">Tzanoudakis 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Due to the small size differences among the chromosomes, it is, however, very difficult to speculate in how many homologous chromosomes set they belong. In the case that 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5D2E5FD8EDF909FE41F885" box="[238,448,1790,1816]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5D2E5FD8EDF909FE41F885" box="[238,448,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered as autopolyploid, it is concluded that in the haploid complement, at least two SAT-chromosomes are presented (x = 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E5D2E5FDA34F8D5FDDAF8A1" box="[567,603,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</quantity>
+ 1 
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E5D2E5FDA87F8D5FD2BF8AD" attach="left" box="[644,682,1826,1852]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">mA</superScript>
+ 1 
<superScript id="1CC79BEB7E5D2E5FDAC8F8D5FD70F8AD" attach="left" box="[715,753,1826,1852]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">mA</superScript>
). The only worth noting comment regarding the chromosome complement differentiation of the new species is the observation that in most of the metaphase plates studied, one out of the three largest chromosomes shows an arm ratio higher than others (usually higher than 1.3, but never higher than 1.7) and could be classified as msm (
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5D2E5FDA25F879FDEBF834" box="[550,618,1934,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,190,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,190,1049]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Allium goumenissanum (3x=24):A &amp; B. Mitotic metaphase plates, arrows indicate the single msm and the SAT-chromosomes, C. Drawing of karyogram. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809800/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). It is, however, difficult to say that this karyotype differentiation suggests an allopolyploid origin of the new species or a karyotype differentiation due to some intra- or inter-chromosomal exchange.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41" ID-Table-UUID="BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[136,229,158,184]" targetBox="[210,1339,237,577]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5E2E5CD88BFF69FB52FF41" blockId="6.[136,1451,158,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CD88BFF69FE80FF25" bold="true" box="[136,257,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Tentative haploid complement of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDA7CFF68FCD0FF25" box="[639,849,159,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDA7CFF68FCD0FF25" box="[639,849,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n = 3x = 24). Mean arm ratio (r) and relative length (R) values obtained from measurements of individual chromosomes from seven metaphase plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5E2E5CD8D1FF1AFAB9FDDC" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<table id="99B2C4037E5ED1A5D8D1FF1AFABAFDDC" box="[210,1339,237,577]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FF1AFABAFE9E" box="[210,1339,237,259]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FF1AFEF7FE9E" box="[210,374,237,259]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Chromosome No</th>
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFF1AFD3CFE9E" box="[525,701,237,259]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Chromosome type</th>
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFF1AFC69FE9E" box="[877,1000,237,259]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Arm ratio (r)</th>
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFF1AFABAFE9E" box="[1212,1339,237,259]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">R-length (R)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FEE3FABAFEB7" box="[210,1339,276,298]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FEE3FEF7FEB7" box="[210,374,276,298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFEE3FD3CFEB7" box="[525,701,276,298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFEE3FC69FEB7" box="[877,1000,276,298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.19 ± 0.20</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFEE3FABAFEB7" box="[1212,1339,276,298]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">15.82 ± 0.66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FEB7FABAFEC8" box="[210,1339,320,341]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FEB7FEF7FEC8" box="[210,374,320,341]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">2</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFEB7FD3CFEC8" box="[525,701,320,341]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFEB7FC69FEC8" box="[877,1000,320,341]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.17 ± 0.11</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFEB7FABAFEC8" box="[1212,1339,320,341]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">14.84 ± 0.77</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FE90FABAFEE0" box="[210,1339,359,381]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FE90FEF7FEE0" box="[210,374,359,381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">3</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFE90FD3CFEE0" box="[525,701,359,381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFE90FC69FEE0" box="[877,1000,359,381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.18 ± 0.11</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFE90FABAFEE0" box="[1212,1339,359,381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">13.98 ± 0.61</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FE79FABAFE39" box="[210,1339,398,420]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FE79FEF7FE39" box="[210,374,398,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">4</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFE79FD3CFE39" box="[525,701,398,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFE79FC69FE39" box="[877,1000,398,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.12 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFE79FABAFE39" box="[1212,1339,398,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">13. 39 ± 0.43</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FE42FABAFE56" box="[210,1339,437,459]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FE42FEF7FE56" box="[210,374,437,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">5</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFE42FD3CFE56" box="[525,701,437,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFE42FC69FE56" box="[877,1000,437,459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.11 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFE42FABAFE56" box="[1212,1339,437,459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">12.74 ± 0.42</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FE2AFABAFE6E" box="[210,1339,477,499]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FE2AFEF7FE6E" box="[210,374,477,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">6</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFE2AFD3CFE6E" box="[525,701,477,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFE2AFC69FE6E" box="[877,1000,477,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.24 ± 0.17</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFE2AFABAFE6E" box="[1212,1339,477,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">11.81 ± 0.46</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FDF3FABAFD87" box="[210,1339,516,538]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FDF3FEF7FD87" box="[210,374,516,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">7</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFDF3FD3CFD87" box="[525,701,516,538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFDF3FC69FD87" box="[877,1000,516,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.22± 0.14</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFDF3FABAFD87" box="[1212,1339,516,538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">11.32 ± 0.39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="558234E17E5ED1A5D8D1FDDCFABAFDDC" box="[210,1339,555,577]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<th id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5D8D1FDDCFEF7FDDC" box="[210,374,555,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">8</th>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DA0EFDDCFD3CFDDC" box="[525,701,555,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">m</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DB6EFDDCFC69FDDC" box="[877,1000,555,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">1.17 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="16535D9D7E5ED1A5DCBFFDDCFABAFDDC" box="[1212,1339,555,577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">10.50 ± 0.74</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="BFCD662B7E5E2E5CD88BF9BBFCB5F91B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6809802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809802/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[136,229,1612,1634]" targetBox="[187,1407,665,1568]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5E2E5CD88BF9BBFCB5F91B" blockId="6.[136,1453,1612,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CD88BF9BBFE85F9FC" bold="true" box="[136,260,1612,1634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Distribution in Greece of species of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDA93F9BAFC29F9FF" box="[656,936,1613,1634]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Codonoprasum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDA93F9BAFD51F9FF" box="[656,720,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Allium</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDB17F9BAFC29F9FF" box="[788,936,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a late flowering period (August-November). Phytogrographical subdivisions according to 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5E2E5CDA38F986FCB1F91B" author="Dimopoulos, P. &amp; Raus, Th. &amp; Bergmeier, E. &amp; Constantinidis, Th. &amp; Iatrou, G. &amp; Kokkini, S. &amp; Strid, A. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D." box="[571,816,1649,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref5116" refString="Dimopoulos, P., Raus, Th., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, Th., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D. (2013) Vascular plants of Greece: an annotated checklist. Englera 31: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="2013">
Dimopoulos 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDAB4F986FD69F91B" box="[695,744,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A3A865287E5E2E5DD8BEF92CFC70F8E5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EB0D36A37E5E2E5DD8BEF92CFC70F8E5" blockId="6.[136,1452,1755,2070]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,158,1913]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CD8BEF92CFE62F968" bold="true" box="[189,483,1755,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
:—There is no doubt that 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDB0AF92BFC5CF968" box="[777,989,1756,1782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDB0AF92BFC5CF968" box="[777,989,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the main diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CD88BF908FE3CF884" box="[136,445,1791,1818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Codonoprasum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CD88BF908FF52F884" box="[136,211,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Allium</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CD913F908FE3CF884" box="[272,445,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and especially of the 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDAABF8F7FBC4F884" authority="Linnaeus (1759: 978)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="978" authorityYear="1759" box="[680,1093,1791,1818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculatum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDAABF8F7FD38F887" box="[680,697,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDAC5F908FCD3F884" box="[710,850,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">paniculatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5E2E5CDB54F908FBC4F884" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[855,1093,1791,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref5544" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1759) Systema Naturae II. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 563 pp." type="book" year="1759">Linnaeus (1759: 978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
group (presence of two opposite and unequal spathe-valves longer than pedicels, fastigiated inflorescence, campanulate perigon, stamens with simple filaments, ovary without conspicuous nectaries). The new species is also a real autumn-flowering species due to its late flowering season (September /October i.e. much later than other 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDB5CF89CFB83F818" box="[863,1026,1899,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDB5CF89CFC2BF818" box="[863,938,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Allium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the area) and due to the absence of the bulbs’ dormancy from its ontogenetic cycle. Considering that in the list given by 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5E2E5CDC28F866FA97F834" author="Ozhatay, N. &amp; Kocyigit, M. &amp; Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C." box="[1067,1302,1935,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="152 - 166" refId="ref5616" refString="Ozhatay, N., Kocyigit, M., Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C. (2018) Allium istanbulense, a new autumnal species of A. sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic position among allied species. Phytotaxa 334 (2): 152 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 334.2.5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Özhatay 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDC8DF867FB3FF834" box="[1166,1214,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
summing the 18 Mediterranean autumn-flowering 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDA27F844FD47F850" box="[548,710,1971,1997]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDA27F844FDEEF850" box="[548,623,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Allium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
of the 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDB11F843FC3DF850" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[786,956,1971,1998]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculatum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDB11F843FC3DF850" box="[786,956,1971,1998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. paniculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 13 of them are mentioned as diploids (2n = 2x = 16) and 5 as tetraploids (2n = 4x = 32), 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5E2E5CDAC6F82FFC18F86C" box="[709,921,2008,2034]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5E2E5CDAC6F82FFC18F86C" box="[709,921,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be added as the first triploid (2n = 3x = 24) species of this group. As it has been noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5E2E5CDABBF80CFB98F788" author="Galanos, C. J. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D." box="[696,1049,2043,2069]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" pagination="197 - 203" refId="ref5226" refString="Galanos, C. J. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D. (2019) Allium panormitisi (Amaryllidaceae), a new autumn-flowering species from Symi island, SE Aegean area, Greece. Botanica Serbica 43: 197 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / BOTSERB 1902197 G" type="journal article" year="2019">Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis (2019)</bibRefCitation>
the species group mentioned above consists of species which differ in a number of ecological, morphological and cytological characters. As a real autumnflowering species with a sub-spherical inflorescence and greenish red to brownish flowers, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDC84FF34FADBFF41" box="[1159,1370,195,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDC84FF34FADBFF41" box="[1159,1370,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well distinguishable by the autumn-flowering species of the same section described from the Greek islands with a similar set of characters (viz. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD97CFEFCFD29FEB9" box="[383,680,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD97CFEFCFE77FEB9" box="[383,502,266,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tardans">A. tardans</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDA02FEFCFD25FEB9" authorityName="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis" authorityYear="2019" box="[513,676,267,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panormitisi">A. panormitisi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDAACFEFCFBE9FEB9" authority="Brullo et al. (2010: 267)" authorityName="Brullo" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="2010" box="[687,1128,266,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="makrianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDAACFEFCFCCEFEB9" box="[687,847,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. makrianum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDB56FEFDFBE9FEB9" author="Brullo, C. &amp; Brullo, S. &amp; Galdo, G. &amp; Salmeri, C." box="[853,1128,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="267 - 278" refId="ref4907" refString="Brullo, C., Brullo, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. &amp; Salmeri, C. (2010) Allium makrianum (Alliaceae), a new autumnal species from Greece. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 49: 267 - 278." type="journal article" year="2010">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDBA7FEFCFC5CFEB9" box="[932,989,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2010: 267)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDC9DFEFCFAC7FEB9" authorityName="Trigas &amp; Bareka" authorityYear="2020" box="[1182,1350,266,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stamatiadae">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDC9DFEFCFAC7FEB9" box="[1182,1350,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. stamatiadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), mainly due to the smaller portion (1/2-2/3) of the stem covered by the leaf sheaths. Comparing to the four aforesaid species it is, also, well distinct due to some other characters, such as the many-flowered inflorescence and the much longer spathe valves (compared to 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD9C3FE80FDB5FE0D" box="[448,564,374,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tardans">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD9C3FE80FDB5FE0D" box="[448,564,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. tardans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the included stamens and the outer bulb tunics (compared to 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDCF0FE80FA1AFE0D" box="[1267,1435,375,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panormitisii">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDCF0FE80FA1AFE0D" box="[1267,1435,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. panormitisii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the glabrous leaves and leaf sheaths (compared to 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDAD1FE6CFCF5FE29" box="[722,884,410,437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="makrianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDAD1FE6CFCF5FE29" box="[722,884,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. makrianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the texture of spathe valves (different from the leaves) and the 
<typeStatus id="340988017E5F2E5DD936FE48FEE4FE44" box="[309,357,447,473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
of attachment of the scape to the bulb (compared to 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDBAEFE48FBD5FE45" authorityName="Trigas &amp; Bareka" authorityYear="2020" box="[941,1108,446,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stamatiadae">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDBAEFE48FBD5FE45" box="[941,1108,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. stamatiadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species is also well distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD966FE14FE51FE61" authorityName="Kalpoutzakis, Trigas &amp; Constantinidis" authorityYear="2012" box="[357,464,483,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orestis">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD966FE14FE51FE61" box="[357,464,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. orestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an autumn-flowering species described from south continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDCAFFE15FB7AFE61" box="[1196,1275,482,508]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E5F2E5DDD0FFE15FA21FE61" box="[1292,1440,482,508]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Peloponnese</collectingRegion>
), which is characterized by a laxer inflorescence with strongly unequal pedicels and yellowish perigone segments (
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD893FDDDFE28FDD9" author="Kalpoutzakis, E. &amp; Trigas, P. &amp; Constantinidis, Th." box="[144,425,554,580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref5375" refString="Kalpoutzakis, E., Trigas, P. &amp; Constantinidis, Th. (2012) Allium orestis sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae) from Parnon and Taigetos mountains, south Peloponnisos, Greece. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.2011.01490. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kalpoutzakis 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD92FFDDCFEE4FDD9" box="[300,357,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD9BFFDDDFD43FDD9" box="[444,706,554,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD9BFFDDDFD43FDD9" box="[444,706,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from all the five species mentioned above with regard its chromosome number. The new species is triploid (2n = 3x = 24) while all the five formers are diploid (2n = 2x = 16). It is worth noting that the triploid chromosome number, 2n = 3x = 24 has been mentioned, also, for 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDD00FD84FE1EFD2D" authority="Brullo et al. (2003: 134)" authorityName="Brullo" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="2003" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phitosianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDD00FD84FA2AFD11" box="[1283,1451,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. phitosianum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD88BFD61FE1EFD2D" author="Brullo, S. &amp; Guglielmo, A. &amp; Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C." box="[136,415,662,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref4956" refString="Brullo, S., Guglielmo, A., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C. (2003) Three new species of Allium Sect. Codonoprasum from Greece. Plant Biosystems 137: 131 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263500312331351391" type="journal article" year="2003">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD8DBFD60FE90FD2D" box="[216,273,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2003: 134)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDA6DFD61FCC4FD2D" box="[622,837,662,688]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculaum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDA6DFD61FCC4FD2D" box="[622,837,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium paniculaum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group described from central continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDD22FD61FAF2FD2D" box="[1313,1395,662,688]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
, as a “typical autumn-flowering species” (
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDA25FD4DFD75FD49" author="Brullo, S. &amp; Guglielmo, A. &amp; Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C." box="[550,756,698,724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref4956" refString="Brullo, S., Guglielmo, A., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C. (2003) Three new species of Allium Sect. Codonoprasum from Greece. Plant Biosystems 137: 131 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263500312331351391" type="journal article" year="2003">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDA74FD4CFD31FD49" box="[631,688,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDB04FD4DFC62FD49" box="[775,995,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phitosianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDB04FD4DFC62FD49" box="[775,995,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium phitosianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDCD7FD4CFA2DFD49" box="[1236,1452,699,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenisannum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDCD7FD4CFA2DFD49" box="[1236,1452,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. goumenisannum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as, according to the original description, it is a smaller plant (stem 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E5F2E5DDB6BFD29FC59FD65" box="[872,984,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="cm" value="21.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="12.0">12–30 cm</quantity>
) with outer bulb tunics splitting in stripes, shorter spathe valves and yellow anthers. Since, however, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDB1EFCF4FC46FC81" box="[797,967,770,797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phitosianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDB1EFCF4FC46FC81" box="[797,967,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. phitosianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is excluded by 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDC7FFCF3FAECFC81" author="Ozhatay, N. &amp; Kocyigit, M. &amp; Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C." box="[1148,1389,770,799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="152 - 166" refId="ref5616" refString="Ozhatay, N., Kocyigit, M., Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C. (2018) Allium istanbulense, a new autumnal species of A. sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic position among allied species. Phytotaxa 334 (2): 152 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 334.2.5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Özhatay 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDCE2FCF4FA92FC81" box="[1249,1299,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
from the list of the 18 autumn-flowering Mediterranean species of the 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDB70FCD0FBA1FCDD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" box="[883,1056,806,833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculatum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDB70FCD0FBA1FCDD" box="[883,1056,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. paniculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group mentioned above, up to the present, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD8EAFCBCFE3EFCF9" box="[233,447,843,869]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goumenissanum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD8EAFCBCFE3EFCF9" box="[233,447,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. goumenissanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered as the only triploid member of this group. Considering, however, that by 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD88BFC87FEF5FC15" author="Ozhatay, N. &amp; Kocyigit, M. &amp; Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C." box="[136,372,878,907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="152 - 166" refId="ref5616" refString="Ozhatay, N., Kocyigit, M., Brullo, S. &amp; Salmeri, C. (2018) Allium istanbulense, a new autumnal species of A. sect. Codonoprasum (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic position among allied species. Phytotaxa 334 (2): 152 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 334.2.5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Özhatay 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD8EFFC98FEA2FC15" box="[236,291,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
some other Greek species of 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDAB9FC98FD52FC14" box="[698,723,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A.</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDB11FC99FC3EFC15" box="[786,959,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
described as late-flowering are not included in their list viz. the tetraploid 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD9CCFC64FC06FC31" authority="Brullo et al. (2003: 133)" authorityName="Brullo" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="2003" box="[463,903,914,941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dirphianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD9CCFC64FDF0FC31" box="[463,625,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. dirphianum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDA75FC65FC06FC31" author="Brullo, S. &amp; Guglielmo, A. &amp; Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C." box="[630,903,914,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref4956" refString="Brullo, S., Guglielmo, A., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C. (2003) Three new species of Allium Sect. Codonoprasum from Greece. Plant Biosystems 137: 131 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263500312331351391" type="journal article" year="2003">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDAC7FC64FD7DFC31" box="[708,764,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2003: 133)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, while are included species which certainly come to flowers much more earlier viz. 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD9FEFC40FC02FC4C" authority="Rechinger (1961: 435)" authorityName="Rechinger" authorityPageNumber="435" authorityYear="1961" box="[509,899,950,977]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euboicum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD9FEFC40FD09FC4D" box="[509,648,950,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. euboicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDA8DFC41FC02FC4C" author="Rechinger, K. H." box="[654,899,950,977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="383 - 465" refId="ref5686" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1961) Die Flora von Euboea. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 80: 383 - 465." type="journal article" year="1961">Rechinger (1961:435)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
there is, obviously, the need for a re-evaluation of the criteria used to characterize an 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDA0EFC2DFD31FC69" box="[525,688,986,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDA0EFC2DFDD9FC69" box="[525,600,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
as late Summer- or Autumn-flowering. To this direction, in addition to flowering period, parameters related to the geographical position, the elevation and the micro-climate conditions should also be considered. 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD9B4FBD5FDDFFBA1" box="[439,606,1058,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tardans">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD9B4FBD5FDDFFBA1" box="[439,606,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium tardans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for example, which is endemic to Crete-Karpathos in the southern 
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E5F2E5DDD55FBD5FA2DFBA1" box="[1366,1452,1058,1084]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Aegean</collectingRegion>
area, very often comes to flower during August, that is, during the same period with 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDC51FBB0FA0FFBFD" authority="Boiss. &amp; Heldr." authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Heldr." box="[1106,1422,1094,1121]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frigidum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDC51FBB0FB53FBFD" box="[1106,1234,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. frigidum</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Heldr.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD88BFB9DFEDEFB19" author="Boissier, E." box="[136,351,1130,1157]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refId="ref4882" refString="Boissier, E. (1854) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, ser. 1, fasc. 13. Geneva, 114 pp." type="book" year="1854">Boissier (1854: 34)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD999FB9CFC42FB19" authority="Tzanoudakis et al. (2019: 231)" authorityName="Tzanoudakis" authorityPageNumber="231" authorityYear="2019" box="[410,963,1130,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oreohellenicum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD999FB9CFDE7FB19" box="[410,614,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. oreohellenicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDA6FFB9DFC42FB19" author="Tzanoudakis, D. &amp; Tsakiri, M. &amp; Raus, Th." box="[620,963,1130,1156]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="231 - 239" refId="ref6122" refString="Tzanoudakis, D., Tsakiri, M. &amp; Raus, Th. (2019) What is Allium achaium Boiss. &amp; Orph.? Disentangling the taxonomy of a Greek mountain species. Willdenowia 49: 231 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 49.49211" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tzanoudakis 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDB02FB9CFCB8FB19" box="[769,825,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2019: 231)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which are endemic to the higher elevations of the mountains of Southern and Central continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDAD9FB79FCA8FB35" box="[730,809,1166,1192]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDB34FB79FBC9FB35" author="Tzanoudakis, D. &amp; Tsakiri, M. &amp; Raus, Th." box="[823,1096,1166,1192]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="231 - 239" refId="ref6122" refString="Tzanoudakis, D., Tsakiri, M. &amp; Raus, Th. (2019) What is Allium achaium Boiss. &amp; Orph.? Disentangling the taxonomy of a Greek mountain species. Willdenowia 49: 231 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 49.49211" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tzanoudakis 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDBCDFB78FB84FB35" box="[974,1029,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The last two species, however, are not considered as autumn-flowering. Similar seems to be the case with 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDBE5FB44FB10FB51" box="[998,1169,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phitosianum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDBE5FB44FB10FB51" box="[998,1169,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. phitosianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected and described from the top of the mount Timfristos (Velouchi), of central continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDB9FFB21FC6FFB6D" box="[924,1006,1238,1264]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
, at an elevation of ca. 
<quantity id="2C4A9B467E5F2E5DDCE6FB21FABBFB6C" box="[1253,1338,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDD44FB21FF69FA89" author="Brullo, S. &amp; Guglielmo, A. &amp; Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref4956" refString="Brullo, S., Guglielmo, A., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C. (2003) Three new species of Allium Sect. Codonoprasum from Greece. Plant Biosystems 137: 131 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263500312331351391" type="journal article" year="2003">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDD94FB20FF24FA89" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). In such altitudes and especially, in the corresponding habitats of the central continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDCBFFB0DFA8FFA89" box="[1212,1294,1274,1300]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
, the climate is not typical Mediterranean: Winter lasts, almost, 8 months, rainfalls are often even during July and August, dry period, actually, does not exist while the border-lines between Spring, Summer and Autumn, are not clear. With regard the taxonomic relationships within the group of the Greek late-summer and /or autumn-flowering species, there is no doubt that some of them are really taxonomically isolated, especially those being endemic in southern and southern-east 
<collectingRegion id="2976F8417E5F2E5DD88BFA59FF5FFA55" box="[136,222,1454,1480]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Aegean</collectingRegion>
islands viz. 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD96BFA58FC36FA55" authority="Tzanoudakis &amp; Kypriotakis (1993: 309)" authorityName="Tzanoudakis &amp; Kypriotakis" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1993" box="[360,951,1454,1481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platakisii">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD96BFA58FE6EFA55" box="[360,495,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. platakisii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD9F6FA59FC36FA55" author="Tzanoudakis, D. &amp; Kypriotakis, Z." box="[501,951,1454,1480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="309 - 314" refId="ref6038" refString="Tzanoudakis, D. &amp; Kypriotakis, Z. (1993) Allium platakisii, a new species of the Greek insular Flora. Flora Mediterranea 3: 309 - 314" type="journal article" year="1993">Tzanoudakis &amp; Kypriotakis (1993: 309)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDBC1FA58FA09FA55" authority="Brullo et al. (1999: 42)" authorityName="Brullo" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1999" box="[962,1416,1454,1481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archeotrichon">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDBC1FA58FBFEFA55" box="[962,1151,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. archeotrichon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDC86FA59FA09FA55" author="Brullo, S. &amp; Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C." box="[1157,1416,1454,1480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref5014" refString="Brullo, S., Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C. (1999) Allium archeotrichon (Alliaceae), a new species from Rhodos (Dodecannisos, Greece). Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 41 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1999. tb 01901. x" type="journal article" year="1999">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDCD0FA58FA8AFA55" box="[1235,1291,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(1999: 42)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDD90FA58FD1AFA71" authority="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis (2017: 107)" authorityName="Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="symiacum">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDD90FA58FF79FA71" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. symiacum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD903FA25FD1AFA71" author="Galanos, C. J. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D." box="[256,667,1490,1516]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="107 - 113" refId="ref5174" refString="Galanos, C. J. &amp; Tzanoudakis, D. (2017) Allium symiacum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Symi Island (SE Aegean, Greece). Willdenowia 47: 107 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 47.47202" type="journal article" year="2017">Galanos &amp; Tzanoudakis (2017: 107)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5F2E5DDAA8FA25FD71FA71" box="[683,752,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[187,1407,665,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-144@6.[151,1436,640,1588]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution in Greece of species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum with a late flowering period (August-November). Phytogrographical subdivisions according to Dimopoulos et al. (2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809802/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). It is worth noting that in this part of 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDCA1FA25FB70FA71" box="[1186,1265,1490,1516]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
different 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDD62FA25FA2DFA71" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1377,1452,1490,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDD62FA25FA2DFA71" box="[1377,1452,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sections are, also, represented by autumn-flowering species (
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDB45FA01FB9CF98D" author="Tzanoudakis, D." box="[838,1053,1526,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="353 - 358" refId="ref5980" refString="Tzanoudakis, D. (2001) The genus Allium in Greece: a genus representative of the floristic richness and diversity of the area. In: Ozhatay, N. (Ed.) Plants of the Balkan Peninsula: into the next millennium. Marmara Universitesi, Istanbul, pp. 353 - 358." type="book chapter" year="2001">Tzanoudakis 2001</bibRefCitation>
), indicating that autumn-flowering has probably evolved independently at different clades of the genus. Some other autumn- flowering species of 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDD90F9ECFA2DF9A8" box="[1427,1452,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A.</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD8C0F9C9FEF1F9C5" box="[195,368,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Codonoprasum</emphasis>
, however, described from continental 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDB25F9C9FCF4F9C5" box="[806,885,1598,1624]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
or from Greek islands near the continent seem to be members of a complex including related diploid as well as polyploidy species. The species included in the 
<tableCitation id="A63003187E5F2E5DDD51F995FA27F9E1" box="[1362,1446,1634,1660]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[136,229,158,184]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Allium goumenissanum with 3 others related Greek autumn-flowering species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BFCD662B7E502E52D88BFF69FEF7FF41" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="BFCD662B7E502E52D88BFF69FEF7FF41">Table 2</tableCitation>
, as well as species like 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD98BF970FC84F93D" authority="Brullo et al. (2003: 136)" authorityName="Brullo" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="2003" box="[392,773,1670,1697]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rausii">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD98BF970FE68F93D" box="[392,489,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">A. rausii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD9F2F971FC84F93D" author="Brullo, S. &amp; Guglielmo, A. &amp; Pavone, P. &amp; Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C." box="[497,773,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref4956" refString="Brullo, S., Guglielmo, A., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. &amp; Terrasi, M. C. (2003) Three new species of Allium Sect. Codonoprasum from Greece. Plant Biosystems 137: 131 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263500312331351391" type="journal article" year="2003">
Brullo 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDA42F970FDFBF93D" box="[577,634,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2003: 136)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
seem to be candidate members of such a complex. Keeping in mind that floristic exploration of the Greek area is going on and that several Greek, and not only, Botanists are interested in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DD990F939FE5FF975" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[403,478,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DD990F939FE5FF975" box="[403,478,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the area, new data are expected soon with regard the distribution patterns and the relationships of the autumn-flowering species. 
<taxonomicName id="2CB24D207E5F2E5DDA96F905FAA2F891" authority="Tzanoudakis &amp; Kypriotakis (2008: 141)" authorityName="Tzanoudakis &amp; Kypriotakis" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="2008" box="[661,1315,1778,1804]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brussalisii">
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDA96F905FCDAF891" box="[661,859,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Allium brussalisii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDB62F905FAA2F891" author="Tzanoudakis, D. &amp; Kypriotakis, Z." box="[865,1315,1778,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="140 - 146" refId="ref6069" refString="Tzanoudakis, D. &amp; Kypriotakis, Z. (2008) Allium brussalisii (Alliaceae), a new species from Greece). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 140 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2008.00853. x" type="journal article" year="2008">Tzanoudakis &amp; Kypriotakis (2008: 141)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be a good and representative example. It has been described as a local endemic of the mountain Parnis, near Athens, but in a few years it became an East Mediterranean species reported from several localities of the whole south 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DDD23F8CDFAEEF8C9" box="[1312,1391,1850,1876]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="73892A267E5F2E5DDD7DF8CDFF16F8E5" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[187,1407,665,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-144@6.[151,1436,640,1588]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution in Greece of species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum with a late flowering period (August-November). Phytogrographical subdivisions according to Dimopoulos et al. (2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6809802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6809802/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) and the 
<collectingCountry id="93A576337E5F2E5DD8FEF8A9FEFAF8E5" box="[253,379,1886,1912]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Asia minor</collectingCountry>
as well (
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DD9DCF8A9FD45F8E5" author="Kocyigit, M. &amp; Ozhatay, N. &amp; Kaya, E." box="[479,708,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="514 - 524" refId="ref5438" refString="Kocyigit, M., Ozhatay, N. &amp; Kaya, E. (2014) New species and new records for Allium sect. Codonoprasum from Turkey. In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Geophytes of Turkey, Volume 3. Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Edition No 96, Yalova, pp. 514 - 524." type="journal article" year="2014">
Koçyigit 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDA49F8A8FD03F8E5" box="[586,642,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="8F234B527E5F2E5DDACCF8A9FC64F8E5" author="Kalpoutzakis, E. &amp; Constantinidis, Th. &amp; Trigas, P." box="[719,997,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="233 - 249" refId="ref5339" refString="Kalpoutzakis, E., Constantinidis, Th. &amp; Trigas, P. (2019) Chorological additions for some noteworthy taxa of the Greek flora. Botanika Chronica 22: 233 - 249." type="journal article" year="2019">
Kalpoutzakis 
<emphasis id="D9C6EAB17E5F2E5DDB6AF8A8FC23F8E5" box="[873,930,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>