138 lines
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138 lines
12 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="29F53A2B83E55FD181D9339FFB7F7C4B" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="Natrix longivertebrata Szyndlar 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1667366289781" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0678</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:29F53A2B83E55FD181D9339FFB7F7C4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/29F53A2B83E55FD181D9339FFB7F7C4B" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="29F53A2B-83E5-5FD1-81D9-339FFB7F7C4B" authority="Szyndlar, 1984" authorityName="Szyndlar" authorityYear="1984" class="Amphibia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix longivertebrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longivertebrata">Natrix longivertebrata Szyndlar, 1984</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Basisphenoid of Natrix longivertebrata (HLMD-Ez 2158) in (A, B) dorsal, (C, D) ventral and (E, F) left lateral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682239" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One basisphenoid HLMD-Ez 2158.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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The basiphenoid is fragmentary. Its anterior portion, at the level of the anterior orifices of the Vidian canals approximately, is missing. The maximum width of the bone, measured between distal tips of the basipterygoid processes, is 3.7 mm. In ventral view, the basisphenoid crest is absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18A, B</figureCitation>
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). The basipterygoid processes are distinct. Their posterior margins are strongly extended posteriorly covering the recess housing the posterior foramina of the Vidian canals. However, a tiny proximal fragment of the left basipterygoid process is broken off, owing to which the posterior orifice of the Vidian canal as well as the cerebral foramen (for palatine branch of facial nerve, VII) are clearly visible in ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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In dorsal view, several foramina are visible, distributed typically of higher snakes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18C, D</figureCitation>
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). The paired largest foramina, located at the midway between the posterior border of the bone itself and the posterior border of the pituitary fossa (sella turcica), are posterior openings for the abducens nerves (VI). The anterior openings for these nerves are situated near the postero-lateral corners of the pituitary fossa. The sympathetic nerve foramina (not visible on the right side) are located directly anterior to the pituitary fossa. The paired openings piercing the basipterygoid processes, laterally to the abducens nerve foramina, are tentatively interpreted as the deep petrosal nerve foramina (both visible on the left side only).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Seen in left lateral view, an opening located directly above the posterior orifice of the Vidian canal and partly hidden beneath the basipterygoid process, is interpreted as a foramen for re-entry of the constrictor internus dorsalis branch (cid) of the trigeminal nerve (V4) on its way from the prootic (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Basisphenoid of Natrix longivertebrata (HLMD-Ez 2158) in (A, B) dorsal, (C, D) ventral and (E, F) left lateral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682239" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">19E, F</figureCitation>
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). The location of the exit of the latter nerve (either within the basisphenoid or in a suture between the basisphenoid and parietal) remains unknown owing to the damage of the bone anterior to the basipterygoid processes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Apart from the basisphenoid, the available snake material from Echzell does not contain any other elements, in particular vertebrae, identifiable as belonging to natricine snakes. This absence of any vertebrae is astonishing, considering that in virtually all fossil sites, if they yield snake cranial remains, the latter are typically accompanied by vertebrae. Unfortunately, this is not the case of the material from Echzell. Theoretically, some vertebral fragments classified here as "
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Colubroides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Colubroides</taxonomicName>
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indet." could belong to natricines, but it cannot be proved on the studied material.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682239" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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Basisphenoid of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar" authorityYear="1984" class="Amphibia" family="Colubroides" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix longivertebrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longivertebrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Natrix longivertebrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(HLMD-Ez 2158) in (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
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) dorsal, (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
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) ventral and (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
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) left lateral views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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The basisphenoid from Echzell is clearly referable to the extinct snake
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar" authorityYear="1984" class="Amphibia" family="Colubroides" genus="Natrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Natrix longivertebrata" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longivertebrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Natrix longivertebrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. By its peculiar morphology, it significantly differentiates not only from basisphenoids of other natricines (except for
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<taxonomicName family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. astreptophora" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="astreptophora">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">N. astreptophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, see below) but also from those belonging to members of other ophidian families (Szyndlar, unpublished observations).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |