904 lines
122 KiB
XML
904 lines
122 KiB
XML
<document id="71EC01288862FA9E274571A6ED55A6EA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2f5fb19-f410-43fc-9dc6-7dfc41d7b06a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174223" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459792192292" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Chun-Hung & Ko, Chiun-Cheng" docDate="2006" docId="03B5006DFFF16E43FECD3E56FDF4B32A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01331p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1331" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lipaleyrodes emiliae Chen & Ko, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF8C7815FFF06E53FFC53B47FFCFB10C" masterDocTitle="Lipaleyrodes emiliae, a new species of whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan and Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698219351138" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F5E6D7F6AD87D081B2B7E2D98E9C535E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6ADE9BAADDF7634B5266F003C418C721">
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<mods:title id="28C4767DD186AE83D98DD802B7382A63">Lipaleyrodes emiliae, a new species of whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan and Hong Kong</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="71EEF4626FF27B662BF2C528B4DF7C22" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="53D390C73AD2C6B15E565552F4223DCC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="92A42F36926081C37D898259B9824066">Chen, Chun-Hung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="40FE4DB92913CA1313BFAD4DC2C806BA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CEE09E9F639AA55713B8154320AFC3D2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6D3DEE69A63DFB511F781B61DCBB1956">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C08192AF3BB7DB4BAC74AA36E88FA5D8">Ko, Chiun-Cheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="73425BA8B550769C610A527188B6A367">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="97F15C377A1BA2BCDC40FAC943C012CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="97560727303C0B6B15166AEF2CA8B0D3">
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<mods:date id="B6ABF04DFFC65446DCA897201540AFB3">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3194514CF38D5F097645BD7F5664C7B7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4CE9C1A56FEAA8055D47EF84E2EBAC5D">1331</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2760244A431A95CC66699ABABA6FEF74">31</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="441CF1239344662DF7A026BB70E5449D">54</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="361BB9A35239AF03DA43ED8837E7E869">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B46DACCCC0298FC1C854D5B418818F21" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.174223</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="81844BCE7D834A642FFD5677486D4E81" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D64DD304C2BFF4275D49FE1EDD127A58" type="Zenodo-Dep">174223</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B5006DFFF16E43FECD3E56FDF4B32A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6255776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119350652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6255776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5006DFFF16E43FECD3E56FDF4B32A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5006DFFF16E43FECD3E56FDF4B32A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFF16E52FECD3E56FE5FB442" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF16E52FECD3E56FDA8B427" blockId="1.[264,615,1297,1358]" box="[264,615,1297,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0EB0617FFF16E52FECD3E56FDA8B427" bold="true" box="[264,615,1297,1323]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF16E52FECD3E56FDA8B427" bold="true" box="[264,615,1297,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF16E52FECD3E56FDCDB427" ID-CoL="3V8ZV" box="[264,514,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF16E52FECD3E56FDCDB427" bold="true" box="[264,514,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BD012FFF16E52FDCC3E56FDA8B427" box="[521,615,1297,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF16E52FECD3E73FE5FB442" blockId="1.[264,615,1297,1358]" box="[264,400,1332,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FED53E73FE48B442" box="[272,391,1332,1358]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1 A – C" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2 A – B" captionStart-10="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStart-11="FIGURES 22 – 25" captionStart-12="FIGURES 26 – 29" captionStart-13="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStart-14="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStart-15="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStart-16="FIGURES 42 – 45" captionStart-17="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46" captionStart-18="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3 A – B" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4 A – B" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStart-6="FIGURE 8 A – B" captionStart-7="FIGURE 9 A – D" captionStart-8="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStart-9="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1829,1853]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,367,1095,1119]" captionStartId-10="12.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionStartId-11="13.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionStartId-12="14.[264,382,1140,1164]" captionStartId-13="15.[264,382,1378,1402]" captionStartId-14="16.[264,382,1416,1440]" captionStartId-15="17.[264,382,1142,1166]" captionStartId-16="18.[264,382,1564,1588]" captionStartId-17="19.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionStartId-18="20.[264,382,1719,1743]" captionStartId-2="5.[264,367,1085,1109]" captionStartId-3="6.[264,367,1864,1888]" captionStartId-4="7.[264,367,981,1005]" captionStartId-5="7.[264,382,1828,1852]" captionStartId-6="8.[264,367,1213,1237]" captionStartId-7="9.[264,367,1842,1866]" captionStartId-8="10.[264,382,1139,1163]" captionStartId-9="11.[264,382,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox-0="[307,1279,822,1799]" captionTargetBox-1="[330,1248,319,1068]" captionTargetBox-10="[265,1322,326,1118]" captionTargetBox-11="[265,1318,326,1121]" captionTargetBox-12="[264,1322,326,1123]" captionTargetBox-13="[264,1322,566,1359]" captionTargetBox-14="[270,1322,606,1400]" captionTargetBox-15="[268,1322,325,1119]" captionTargetBox-16="[266,1322,405,1524]" captionTargetBox-17="[272,1313,326,1749]" captionTargetBox-18="[264,1322,316,1694]" captionTargetBox-2="[333,1229,330,1060]" captionTargetBox-3="[496,1114,634,1863]" captionTargetBox-5="[275,1289,1055,1795]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1172,315,1189]" captionTargetBox-7="[321,1238,446,1817]" captionTargetBox-8="[265,1321,324,1121]" captionTargetBox-9="[264,1322,645,1444]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[289,1297,810,1806]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[289,1297,314,1122]" captionTargetId-17="figure@19.[431,1130,753,1241]" captionTargetId-18="figure@20.[455,1085,814,1276]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[295,1291,326,1077]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[355,1232,630,1882]" captionTargetId-6="figure@8.[345,1239,309,1207]" captionTargetId-7="figure@9.[288,1297,426,1866]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-10="12" captionTargetPageId-11="13" captionTargetPageId-12="14" captionTargetPageId-13="15" captionTargetPageId-14="16" captionTargetPageId-15="17" captionTargetPageId-16="18" captionTargetPageId-17="19" captionTargetPageId-18="20" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionTargetPageId-7="9" captionTargetPageId-8="10" captionTargetPageId-9="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1 A – C. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar. A, dorsal and ventral view; B, clusters of wax plates; C, posterior area." captionText-1="FIGURE 2 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 3 rd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, posterior area." captionText-10="FIGURES 18 – 21. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 18, 4 th instar, antenna and fore leg; 19, 3 rd instar, dorsal view; 20, 3 rd instar, posterior area; 21, 3 rd instar, ventral view." captionText-11="FIGURES 22 – 25. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 22, 2 nd instar, dorsal view; 23, 2 nd instar, posterior area; 24, 2 nd instar, ventral view; 25, 1 st instar, dorsal view." captionText-12="FIGURES 26 – 29. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 26, 1 st instar, posterior area; 27, 1 st instar, ventral view; 28, egg; 29, adult, ventral view showing labium." captionText-13="FIGURES 30 – 33. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 30, sensilla on labium; 31, compound eyes; 32, primary sensilla and sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 33, primary sensoria on antennal segment V." captionText-14="FIGURES 34 – 37. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 34, Sensorial cones on antennal segment VI and VII; 35, mesotibial brushes; 36, metatibial comb and brush; 37, tarsal claws showing paronychium." captionText-15="FIGURES 38 – 41. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 38, Dorsal view of terminal segments, male; 39, aedeagus and claspers; 40, dorsal view of terminal segments, female; 41, ovipositor and gonapophyses." captionText-16="FIGURES 42 – 45. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 42, Vasiform orifice, female; 43, wax plates, male; 44, wax plates, female; 45, difference of wax plates in male adults. 45 A, Bemisia tabaci; 45 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae." captionText-17="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46, Difference in wax plates in female adults. 46 A, Bemisia tabaci; 46 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47, difference in adult lingula. 47 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47 B, Bemisia tabaci; 48, difference in lingula, 4 th instar. 48 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 48 B, Bemisia tabaci; 49 A, heart-shaped spot on thoracic pleuron of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 49 B, Bemisia tabaci." captionText-18="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A, Mouth-shaped spot on prothoracic tergum of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 50 B, Bemisia tabaci; 51, wax secretions of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 52, groups of immatures of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 53, live adult of Lipaleyrodes emiliae." captionText-2="FIGURE 3 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 2 nd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, 1 st instar, dorsal and ventral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 4 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult antenna: A, male; B, female." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: adult female, compound eye." captionText-5="FIGURES 6 – 7. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 6 A, male midtibia; 6 B, female midtibia; 7 A, male hindtibia; 7 B, female hindtibia." captionText-6="FIGURE 8 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae adult female, wing: A, forewing; B, hindwing." captionText-7="FIGURE 9 A – D. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: A, cement gland; B, terminalia of male; C, terminalia of male; D, egg." captionText-8="FIGURES 10 – 13. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 10, dorsal view; 11, marginal area; 12, cluster of wax plates; 13, wax plate." captionText-9="FIGURES 14 – 17. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 14, pore of wax plate; 15, posterior area; 16, vasiform orifice; 17, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174224/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174225/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/174233/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/174234/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/174235/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/174236/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/174237/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/174238/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/174239/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/174240/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/174241/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174226/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/174227/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/174228/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/174229/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/174230/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/174231/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/174232/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 1–53</figureCitation>
|
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)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFF16E5BFECD3E30FB9EB736" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF16E51FECD3E30FB80B2BA" blockId="1.[264,1323,1399,1905]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
PUPARIUM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FE6A3E30FDDCB49D" box="[431,531,1399,1425]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – C" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[307,1279,822,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[289,1297,810,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – C. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar. A, dorsal and ventral view; B, clusters of wax plates; C, posterior area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FDE73E30FD8CB49D" box="[546,579,1399,1425]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,324,1121]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 10, dorsal view; 11, marginal area; 12, cluster of wax plates; 13, wax plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174231/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pale to yellowish, average size
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF16E52FC1D3E30FB8CB49D" box="[984,1091,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF16E52FB7A3E30FAE5B49D" box="[1215,1322,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, 1.4 times as long as wide. Elongate to ovoid, broadest at metathorax. Found in groups on the undersurface of leaves. Margin crenulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FC783E80FBD9B4ED" box="[957,1046,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,324,1121]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 10, dorsal view; 11, marginal area; 12, cluster of wax plates; 13, wax plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174231/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pairs of anterior and posterior marginal setae evident, anterior 10 µm long; posterior 25 µm long. Thoracic and caudal tracheal area not evident. Lingula appearing reddish-brown pigmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FB073D50FAD2B73D" box="[1218,1309,1559,1585]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,326,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[431,1130,753,1241]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46, Difference in wax plates in female adults. 46 A, Bemisia tabaci; 46 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47, difference in adult lingula. 47 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47 B, Bemisia tabaci; 48, difference in lingula, 4 th instar. 48 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 48 B, Bemisia tabaci; 49 A, heart-shaped spot on thoracic pleuron of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 49 B, Bemisia tabaci." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174240/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most pupae with a marginal ring of uneven, fine, white wax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FC163D78FBE6B755" box="[979,1065,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,316,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[455,1085,814,1276]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A, Mouth-shaped spot on prothoracic tergum of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 50 B, Bemisia tabaci; 51, wax secretions of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 52, groups of immatures of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 53, live adult of Lipaleyrodes emiliae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174241/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
). This waxy secretion associated with a kind of minute pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FD243D20FCA2B78D" box="[737,877,1639,1665]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId-0="10.[264,382,1139,1163]" captionStartId-1="11.[264,382,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox-0="[265,1321,324,1121]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,645,1444]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 10 – 13. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 10, dorsal view; 11, marginal area; 12, cluster of wax plates; 13, wax plate." captionText-1="FIGURES 14 – 17. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 14, pore of wax plate; 15, posterior area; 16, vasiform orifice; 17, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174231/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174232/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). At a distance, groups of immatures appear to have been dusted with a white powder, although closer examination indicates the presence of white, fluffy and contorted wax filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF16E52FC623DF0FBCDB7DD" box="[935,1026,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,316,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[455,1085,814,1276]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A, Mouth-shaped spot on prothoracic tergum of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 50 B, Bemisia tabaci; 51, wax secretions of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 52, groups of immatures of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 53, live adult of Lipaleyrodes emiliae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174241/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some specimens show accumulation of this waxy secretion on the thoracic area.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF16E52FC6E3D98FBC2B7F5" bold="true" box="[939,1037,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum with 2 pairs of dorsal setae; cephalic setal length ranging widely from 21 to 82 µm, 102 µm apart; abdominal VIII setae much longer than vasiform orifice, 102 µm long, 82 µm apart. Longitudinal molting suture reaching margin, but transverse one failing to. Abdominal sutures ending on subdorsum. Caudal setae submarginal, 101 µm long, 52 µm apart; submarginal tiny setae 7 pairs, 2 pairs on cephalic area, 5 pairs posterioral to transverse moulting suture; porettes ill-defined; abdominal segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FC073A2BFC3BB08A" box="[962,1012,364,390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1933-01">I 33</date>
|
||
µm long; segments II–V slightly subequal, 28, 30, 30 and 29 µm long, respectively, segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FBA63AD3FB63B0A2" box="[1123,1196,404,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1938-06">VI 38</date>
|
||
µm long; segment VIII longest at 42 µm; segment VII much reduced, medially shortened, 9 µm long. Vasiform orifice triangular to trapezoidal, posterior margin poorly defined, with lateral teeth on both sides; a little longer than wide at 70
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FC79394BFC3EB32A" box="[956,1009,524,550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1963-10">x 63</date>
|
||
µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FBF0394BFB40B32A" box="[1077,1167,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,645,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 14, pore of wax plate; 15, posterior area; 16, vasiform orifice; 17, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174232/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Operculum semicircular, 1.41 times as wide as long at 36
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FCE73973FC9BB342" box="[802,852,564,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1951-10">x 51</date>
|
||
µm; truncate at hind margin, occupying about half of vasiform orifice. Lingula exposed, 74 µm long, almost included within vasiform orifice except for the slightly tapering, spinulose apex that is exposed; a pair of subapical setae present, 29 µm long. Caudal furrow and ridges barely indented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FB0139EBFAE9B3CA" box="[1220,1318,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – C" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[307,1279,822,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[289,1297,810,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – C. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar. A, dorsal and ventral view; B, clusters of wax plates; C, posterior area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FECD3993FEE7B3E2" box="[264,296,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,645,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 14, pore of wax plate; 15, posterior area; 16, vasiform orifice; 17, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174232/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal disc separated from submargin by a distinct fold. Submargin broad with 11 pairs of wax plate clusters, wax plates oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FCD239BBFCB8B21A" box="[791,887,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 A – C" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[307,1279,822,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[289,1297,810,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1 A – C. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar. A, dorsal and ventral view; B, clusters of wax plates; C, posterior area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FC4039BBFC6AB21A" box="[901,933,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,324,1121]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 10, dorsal view; 11, marginal area; 12, cluster of wax plates; 13, wax plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174231/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), clusters I and II with fewest (<5) wax plates; clusters IV–VI and XI with most wax plates, each with 1015; each of clusters III and VII–IX with 79.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF26E51FD6D380BFD3CB26A" bold="true" box="[680,755,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ven t er</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FCC8380BFCA6B26A" box="[781,873,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,645,1444]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 4 th instar: 14, pore of wax plate; 15, posterior area; 16, vasiform orifice; 17, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174232/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of ventral abdominal setae present, 4.6 µm long, 75 µm apart. Antenna not extending beyond base of prothoracic leg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FED438DBFEA8B2BA" box="[273,359,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,326,1118]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 18, 4 th instar, antenna and fore leg; 19, 3 rd instar, dorsal view; 20, 3 rd instar, posterior area; 21, 3 rd instar, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outline of legs curved. Setae tiny at base of legs and rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF26E51FEFD3883FDE1B78A" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
THIRD INSTAR (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FDD73883FDBBB2D2" box="[530,628,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – B" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[330,1248,319,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[289,1297,314,1122]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 3 rd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, posterior area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FD473883FD6DB2D2" box="[642,674,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,326,1118]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 18, 4 th instar, antenna and fore leg; 19, 3 rd instar, dorsal view; 20, 3 rd instar, posterior area; 21, 3 rd instar, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pale to yellowish, with an average size 1.43 times as long as wide at 0.46 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF26E51FDF038ABFD68B50A" box="[565,679,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Elongate to ovoid, broadest at metathorax. Margin crenulate. Pairs of anterior and posterior marginal setae evident: anterior 5.6 µm long, posterior 20 µm long. Thoracic and caudal tracheal areas not evident. Lingula appears reddish-brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF26E51FE033F23FDE7B572" bold="true" box="[454,552,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum with 2 pairs of dorsal setae; cephalic setae varied in length at 8–28 µm, 79 µm apart; abdominal VIII setae 54 µm long, 66 µm apart. Abdominal sutures ending on subdorsum. Caudal setae submarginal, 84 µm long, 37 µm apart. Abdominal segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FD823F9BFDB9B5FA" box="[583,630,1244,1270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1926-01">I 26</date>
|
||
µm long; segments II–VI subequal, 22, 20, 20, 18, and 22 µm long, respectively; segment VIII longest at 34 µm; segment VII much reduced, medially shortened, 7.5 µm long. Vasiform orifice triangular to trapezoidal; wider than long, at 49 µm long
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FE3D3E13FDE3B462" box="[504,556,1364,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1952-10">x 52</date>
|
||
µm wide. Operculum semicircular, 1.61 times as wide as long at
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF26E51FECD3E3BFEAAB49A" box="[264,357,1404,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1942-10-26">26 x 42</date>
|
||
µm; truncate at hind margin, occupying about half of vasiform orifice. Lingula exposed, 59 µm long, almost enclosed in vasiform orifice, except a small part of posterior end exposed outside, awl-shaped, slightly tapering, spinulose; a pair of subapical setae present, 18 µm long. Caudal furrow and ridges barely indented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FBC53EB3FBAEB702" box="[1024,1121,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – B" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[330,1248,319,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[289,1297,314,1122]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 3 rd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, posterior area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FBAB3EB3FB40B702" box="[1134,1167,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,326,1118]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 18, 4 th instar, antenna and fore leg; 19, 3 rd instar, dorsal view; 20, 3 rd instar, posterior area; 21, 3 rd instar, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal disc separated from submargin by a distinct line.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF26E51FC843D5BFC43B73A" bold="true" box="[833,908,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ve n te r</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FC633D5BFBCAB73A" box="[934,1029,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStartId="12.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,326,1118]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 21. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 18, 4 th instar, antenna and fore leg; 19, 3 rd instar, dorsal view; 20, 3 rd instar, posterior area; 21, 3 rd instar, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna thin and not extending beyond base of prothoracic leg. Legs appearing circular-conical. Setae tiny on base of legs and rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF26E50FEFD3DD3FB5BB3E2" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
SECOND INSTAR (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FDEE3DD3FD42B7A2" box="[555,653,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – B" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[333,1229,330,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[295,1291,326,1077]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 2 nd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, 1 st instar, dorsal and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174226/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF26E51FD5F3DD3FD74B7A2" box="[666,699,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 25" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1318,326,1121]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 25. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 22, 2 nd instar, dorsal view; 23, 2 nd instar, posterior area; 24, 2 nd instar, ventral view; 25, 1 st instar, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174234/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pale to yellowish, with an average size 1.6 times as long as wide at 0.37 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF26E51FDF03DFBFD69B7DA" box="[565,678,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Elongate to ovoid, broadest at metathorax. Margin crenulate. Pairs of anterior and posterior marginal setae evident, anterior 5.9 µm long; posterior 17 µm long. Thoracic and caudal tracheal area not evident. Lingula appears reddish-brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF26E51FE063C73FDEAB642" bold="true" box="[451,549,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum with 2 pairs of dorsal setae; cephalic setae 13 µm long, 53 µm apart; abdominal VIII setae much shorter than vasiform orifice, 19 µm long, 49 µm apart. Abdominal sutures ending on subdorsum. Caudal setae marginal, 59 µm long, 26 µm apart; abdominal segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF36E50FDB63A2BFD6CB08A" box="[627,675,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1918-01">I 18</date>
|
||
µm long; segments II–V subequal, 13, 15, 14, and 12 µm long, respectively; segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF36E50FD433AD3FD05B0A2" box="[646,714,404,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1917-06">VI 17</date>
|
||
µm long; segment VIII longest at 27 µm; segment VII much reduced, medially shortened, 4.3 µm long. Vasiform orifice triangular to trapezoidal, posterior margin truncated, with lateral teeth on both sides; as long as wide at 38
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF36E50FEE9394BFE90B32A" box="[300,351,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1939-10">x 39</date>
|
||
µm. Operculum semicircular, 1.60 times as wide as long at
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF36E50FBDE394BFBBDB32A" box="[1051,1138,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1932-10-20">20 x 32</date>
|
||
µm; truncate at hind margin, occupying about half of vasiform orifice. Lingula exposed, 42 µm long, almost enclosed within vasiform orifice; exposed posterior end awl-shaped, slightly tapering, spinulose; a pair of subapical setae present, 13 µm long. Caudal furrow and ridges barely indented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF36E50FDE439EBFDB5B3CA" box="[545,634,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 25" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1318,326,1121]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 25. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 22, 2 nd instar, dorsal view; 23, 2 nd instar, posterior area; 24, 2 nd instar, ventral view; 25, 1 st instar, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174234/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF36E50FD5539EBFD14B3CA" bold="true" box="[656,731,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Ve n te r</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF36E50FD3539EBFC86B3CA" box="[752,841,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 25" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1318,326,1121]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 25. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 22, 2 nd instar, dorsal view; 23, 2 nd instar, posterior area; 24, 2 nd instar, ventral view; 25, 1 st instar, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174234/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna not extending beyond base of prothoracic leg. Legs circular-conical. Setae tiny on base of legs and rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF36E50FECD3C62FDC2B653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[307,1279,822,1799]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF36E50FECD3C62FDC2B653" blockId="3.[264,1322,1829,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF36E50FECD3C62FE0FB631" bold="true" box="[264,448,1829,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 1A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF36E50FE0F3C61FD64B631" box="[458,683,1830,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF36E50FE0F3C61FD64B631" box="[458,683,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4th instar. A, dorsal and ventral view; B, clusters of wax plates; C, posterior area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF46E57FECD3F00FACEB552" box="[264,1281,1095,1119]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174225/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[330,1248,319,1068]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF46E57FECD3F00FACEB552" blockId="4.[264,1281,1095,1119]" box="[264,1281,1095,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF46E57FECD3F00FE72B553" bold="true" box="[264,445,1095,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 2A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF46E57FE013F00FD6DB552" box="[452,674,1095,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF46E57FE013F00FD6DB552" box="[452,674,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3rd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, posterior area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF46E57FEFD3FD5FD97B658" blockId="4.[264,1323,1170,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
FIRST INSTAR (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF46E57FDCC3FD5FDA4B5A0" box="[521,619,1170,1196]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – B" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[333,1229,330,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[295,1291,326,1077]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, 2 nd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, 1 st instar, dorsal and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF46E57FDBF3FD5FD54B5A0" box="[634,667,1170,1196]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 25" captionStartId="13.[264,382,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[265,1318,326,1121]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 25. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 22, 2 nd instar, dorsal view; 23, 2 nd instar, posterior area; 24, 2 nd instar, ventral view; 25, 1 st instar, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174234/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pale to yellowish, with an average size 1.69 times as long as wide at 0.23 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF46E57FDF73FFDFD6BB5D8" box="[562,676,1210,1236]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Elongate to ovoid, broadest at mesothorax. Margin crenulate, surrounded by 15 pairs of variably sized setae (including posterior and caudal setae). Posterior marginal setae 17 µm long. Thoracic and caudal tracheal area not evident.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF46E57FECD3E75FEA5B440" bold="true" box="[264,362,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII setae much shorter than vasiform orifice, 2.3 µm long, 32 µm apart. Abdominal sutures ending on subdorsum, suture between segments II and III much thicker than others. Caudal setae marginal, 57 µm long, 20 µm apart; abdominal segments I and II usually not visible, segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF46E57FCFC3EEDFCA0B4C8" box="[825,879,1450,1476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">III 8</date>
|
||
µm long; segments IV–VI subequal, 11, 11, and 10 µm long, respectively; segment VIII longest at 21 µm; segment VII much reduced, medially shortened, 2.6 µm long. Vasiform orifice triangular to trapezoidal, about as long as wide at
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF46E57FE253D65FDF7B730" box="[480,568,1570,1596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="1926-10-27">27 x 26</date>
|
||
µm; posterior margin truncated, with lateral teeth on both sides. Operculum dumbbell-shaped, 2.15 times as wide as long at
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF46E57FC113D0DFBE1B768" box="[980,1070,1610,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="1923-10-11">11 x 23</date>
|
||
µm; truncate at hind margin, occupying less than half of vasiform orifice. Lingula exposed, 23 µm long, extending slightly beyond vasiform orifice, the posterior end semicircular, spinulose; a pair of subapical setae present, 6.9 µm long. Caudal furrow and ridges barely indented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF46E57FED43DADFEA6B608" box="[273,361,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 29" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1123]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 29. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 26, 1 st instar, posterior area; 27, 1 st instar, ventral view; 28, egg; 29, adult, ventral view showing labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174235/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF46E57FEBB3DADFE06B608" bold="true" box="[382,457,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Ve n te r</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF46E57FE183DADFDFAB608" box="[477,565,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 29" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1123]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 29. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 26, 1 st instar, posterior area; 27, 1 st instar, ventral view; 28, egg; 29, adult, ventral view showing labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174235/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of ventral abdominal setae present, 4.3 µm long, 25 µm apart. Antenna 62 µm long, 3-segmented, with apical seta. Legs segmented. Setae present at base of mid and hind legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF56E56FECD3F7AFE70B57B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[333,1229,330,1060]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF56E56FECD3F7AFE70B57B" blockId="5.[264,1322,1085,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FECD3F7AFE71B559" bold="true" box="[264,446,1085,1109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 3A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF56E56FE003F79FD6AB559" box="[453,677,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FE003F79FD6AB559" box="[453,677,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2nd instar: A, dorsal and ventral view; B, 1st instar, dorsal and ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF56E56FEFD3FECFD9EB419" blockId="5.[264,1323,1195,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
EGG (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FE413FECFE28B5C9" box="[388,487,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 A – D" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[321,1238,446,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[288,1297,426,1866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9 A – D. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: A, cement gland; B, terminalia of male; C, terminalia of male; D, egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FE313FECFDDAB5C9" box="[500,533,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 29" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1123]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 29. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 26, 1 st instar, posterior area; 27, 1 st instar, ventral view; 28, egg; 29, adult, ventral view showing labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174235/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elongate to oval, surface smooth with brown metallic luster, 132 µm long, often found on undersurface of leaf and covered with waxy secretion. Base with a short pedicel, 26 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF56E55FEFD3E64FBD6B342" blockId="5.[264,1323,1195,1901]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
ADULT MALE. Length from vertex to claspers,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF56E56FC6B3E64FBEEB431" box="[942,1057,1315,1341]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.79">0.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
. One ocellus present laterally on each side, located close to upper compound eyes. Upper and lower compound eyes joined by a single ommatidium as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF56E56FCDB3E34FC41B480" box="[798,910,1395,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FCDB3E34FCFFB480" box="[798,816,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FC813E34FC41B480" box="[836,910,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FC673E34FC3DB481" box="[930,1010,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[264,367,981,1005]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: adult female, compound eye." pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FBC03E34FBEAB481" box="[1029,1061,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1378,1402]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,566,1359]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 30, sensilla on labium; 31, compound eyes; 32, primary sensilla and sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 33, primary sensoria on antennal segment V." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tip of labium with sensorial hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FE033EDCFDEAB4B9" box="[454,549,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 29" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1123]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 29. Lipaleyrodes emiliae: 26, 1 st instar, posterior area; 27, 1 st instar, ventral view; 28, egg; 29, adult, ventral view showing labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174235/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FDF13EDCFD9AB4B9" box="[564,597,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1378,1402]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,566,1359]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 30, sensilla on labium; 31, compound eyes; 32, primary sensilla and sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 33, primary sensoria on antennal segment V." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">30</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FDA83EDCFD00B4B8" box="[621,719,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FD273EDCFC8BB4B9" box="[738,836,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 A – B" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[496,1114,634,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1232,630,1882]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult antenna: A, male; B, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174227/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). As in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF56E56FC2A3EDCFB48B4B8" box="[1007,1159,1435,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FC2A3EDCFB48B4B8" box="[1007,1159,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Lipaleyrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, near compound eyes, 7-segmented; segment I of short cylindrical form, 14 µm long; segment
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF56E56FAD23E84FEEAB709" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" value="1939-02">II 39</date>
|
||
µm long; segment III longest, sub-cylindrical, 87 µm long, armed with 2 primary sensoria and 1 sensorial cone, sensoria located apically and sub-apically on segment III, tip of cone extending to base of sub-apical primary sensoria (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FC353D7CFB84B759" box="[1008,1099,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1378,1402]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,566,1359]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 30, sensilla on labium; 31, compound eyes; 32, primary sensilla and sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 33, primary sensoria on antennal segment V." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
); segment IV subcylindrical, 17 µm long, segment V sub-cylindrical, 25 µm long, with a primary sensoria apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FEBC3DCCFE1BB7A9" box="[377,468,1675,1701]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1378,1402]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,566,1359]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 30, sensilla on labium; 31, compound eyes; 32, primary sensilla and sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 33, primary sensoria on antennal segment V." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
); segment VI sub-cylindrical, 19 µm long, with a sensorial cone subapically, distal end extending to junction of segments VI and VII; segment VII subfusiform, 30 µm long, with a primary sensorium and sensorial cone in the distal half and a seta on the tip; cone long at over one-third of segment VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF56E56FC063C44FBD4B611" box="[963,1051,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[270,1322,606,1400]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 37. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 34, Sensorial cones on antennal segment VI and VII; 35, mesotibial brushes; 36, metatibial comb and brush; 37, tarsal claws showing paronychium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174237/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF56E56FBF53C44FBB9B610" box="[1072,1142,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing 604 µm long, 215 µm wide. Hindwing 527 µm long, 185 µm wide. Wings not mottled, limpid, covered with white waxy secretions. Wing venation reduced to costal-subcostal veins and radial vein.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF66E55FE563A5BFE05B039" box="[403,458,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesotibia 184 µm long with ordinary rows of spines, brushes with 2 and 3 setae; proximal tarsus 59 µm long; distal tarsus 55 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF66E55FC213A03FBE0B052" box="[996,1071,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[275,1289,1055,1795]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 6 A, male midtibia; 6 B, female midtibia; 7 A, male hindtibia; 7 B, female hindtibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174228/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 35). Hindtibia 249 µm long; proximal tarsus 74 µm long; distal tarsus 64 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF66E55FBCB3A2BFB99B08A" box="[1038,1110,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[275,1289,1055,1795]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 6 A, male midtibia; 6 B, female midtibia; 7 A, male hindtibia; 7 B, female hindtibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174228/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A); ending with 2 claws and paronychium, a little shorter than claw and covered with fine microtrichia at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF66E55FE973AFBFE60B0DA" box="[338,431,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[270,1322,606,1400]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 37. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 34, Sensorial cones on antennal segment VI and VII; 35, mesotibial brushes; 36, metatibial comb and brush; 37, tarsal claws showing paronychium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatibial comb ordinarily with rows of 15 spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF66E55FB963AFBFB60B0DA" box="[1107,1199,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStartId="16.[264,382,1416,1440]" captionTargetBox="[270,1322,606,1400]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 37. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 34, Sensorial cones on antennal segment VI and VII; 35, mesotibial brushes; 36, metatibial comb and brush; 37, tarsal claws showing paronychium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174237/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
) (in most individuals), numbers of spines not the same on all observed specimens (range, 1417).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF66E55FECD394BFEB9B329" box="[264,374,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Aedeagus not bifurcate, 77 µm long, 11 µm wide, shorter than clasper. Clasper 23 µm at base, 88 µm long; 7 setae in mid-region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF66E55FC9C3973FC76B342" box="[857,953,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 A – D" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[321,1238,446,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[288,1297,426,1866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9 A – D. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: A, cement gland; B, terminalia of male; C, terminalia of male; D, egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174230/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Figs 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF66E55FC033973FBC4B342" box="[966,1035,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStartId="17.[264,382,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[268,1322,325,1119]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 41. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 38, Dorsal view of terminal segments, male; 39, aedeagus and claspers; 40, dorsal view of terminal segments, female; 41, ovipositor and gonapophyses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174238/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">38 39</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF66E55FECD3C0FFBD0B66C" box="[264,1055,1864,1888]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174227/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[496,1114,634,1863]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF66E55FECD3C0FFBD0B66C" blockId="6.[264,1055,1864,1888]" box="[264,1055,1864,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF66E55FECD3C0FFE72B66C" bold="true" box="[264,445,1864,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 4A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF66E55FE013C0EFD6DB66C" box="[452,674,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF66E55FE013C0EFD6DB66C" box="[452,674,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult antenna: A, male; B, female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF76E54FECD3892FC7BB2E0" box="[264,948,981,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF76E54FECD3892FC7BB2E0" blockId="7.[264,948,981,1005]" box="[264,948,981,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF76E54FECD3892FE44B2E1" bold="true" box="[264,395,981,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF76E54FE543892FDBEB2E0" box="[401,625,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF76E54FE543892FDBEB2E0" box="[401,625,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: adult female, compound eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF76E54FECD3C63FD98B653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174228/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[275,1289,1055,1795]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF76E54FECD3C63FD98B653" blockId="7.[264,1323,1828,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF76E54FECD3C63FE78B630" bold="true" box="[264,439,1828,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 6–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF76E54FE073C62FD6BB630" box="[450,676,1829,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF76E54FE073C62FD6BB630" box="[450,676,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult: 6A, male midtibia; 6B, female midtibia; 7A, male hindtibia; 7B, female hindtibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF86E5BFECD3FFAFB56B5D8" box="[264,1177,1213,1237]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174229/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[366,1172,315,1189]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF86E5BFECD3FFAFB56B5D8" blockId="8.[264,1177,1213,1237]" box="[264,1177,1213,1237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFECD3FFAFE72B5D9" bold="true" box="[264,445,1213,1237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 8A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFE013FFAFD6CB5D8" box="[452,675,1213,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFE013FFAFD6CB5D8" box="[452,675,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult female, wing: A, forewing; B, hindwing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF86E5BFEFD3E4FFB9EB736" blockId="8.[264,1323,1288,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
ADULT FEMALE. Most of the characters are similar to those of males. Vertex to tip of ovipositor
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF86E5BFE603E77FDC2B446" box="[421,525,1328,1354]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.89">0.89 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFD4C3E77FD24B445" box="[649,747,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFD3E3E77FC98B446" box="[763,855,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 A – B" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[496,1114,634,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1232,630,1882]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult antenna: A, male; B, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174227/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segments
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFF86E5BFC213E77FBB7B446" box="[996,1144,1328,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" value="1945-01-15" valueMax="1945-07-15" valueMin="1945-01-15">I–VII 15, 45</date>
|
||
, 99, 20, 28, 22, and 32 µm long, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFDBB3E1FFD0BB47D" box="[638,708,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing 748 µm long, 285 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFB7E3E1FFAD2B47E" box="[1211,1309,1368,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 8 A – B" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1213,1237]" captionTargetBox="[366,1172,315,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[345,1239,309,1207]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae adult female, wing: A, forewing; B, hindwing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174229/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hindwing 649 µm long, 241 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFD1B3EC7FCF4B496" box="[734,827,1408,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 8 A – B" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1213,1237]" captionTargetBox="[366,1172,315,1189]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[345,1239,309,1207]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8 A – B. Lipaleyrodes emiliae adult female, wing: A, forewing; B, hindwing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174229/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFC973EC7FC46B495" box="[850,905,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesotibia 204 µm long, proximal tarsus 70 µm long, distal tarsus 67 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFD243EEFFCE6B4CE" box="[737,809,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[275,1289,1055,1795]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 6 A, male midtibia; 6 B, female midtibia; 7 A, male hindtibia; 7 B, female hindtibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174228/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Hindtibia 291 µm long, proximal tarsus 88 µm long, distal tarsus 74 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFD493E97FD1CB4E6" box="[652,723,1488,1514]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[264,382,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[275,1289,1055,1795]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 6 A, male midtibia; 6 B, female midtibia; 7 A, male hindtibia; 7 B, female hindtibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174228/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFD3B3E97FCA2B4E5" box="[766,877,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Nine pairs of setae on gonapophysis, 2 pairs centrally, and 7 pairs laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFD2E3EBFFCB9B71E" box="[747,886,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStartId="17.[264,382,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[268,1322,325,1119]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 41. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 38, Dorsal view of terminal segments, male; 39, aedeagus and claspers; 40, dorsal view of terminal segments, female; 41, ovipositor and gonapophyses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174238/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figs 40 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bulb-like orifice of cement gland trapezoidal, extremely curved, not mottled, full length 36 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFF86E5BFC203D67FB8BB736" box="[997,1092,1568,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 A – D" captionStartId="9.[264,367,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[321,1238,446,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[288,1297,426,1866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9 A – D. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: A, cement gland; B, terminalia of male; C, terminalia of male; D, egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174230/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFF86E5CFEFD3D0FFD90B03A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF86E5AFEFD3D0FFBDCB08A" blockId="8.[264,1323,1288,1874]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
COMMENTS. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFF86E5BFDDB3D0FFDB8B76E" box="[542,631,1608,1634]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two different species are now included in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFECD3D37FE6FB785" box="[264,416,1648,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFECD3D37FE6FB785" box="[264,416,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Lipaleyrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFE6A3D37FDFBB785" box="[431,564,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breyniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFE6A3D37FE70B785" box="[431,447,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFE0B3D37FDFBB785" box="[462,564,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">breyniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFDA93D37FD2FB785" box="[620,736,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFDA93D37FDB3B785" box="[620,636,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFD4F3D37FD2FB785" box="[650,736,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The puparia of both species have 11 pairs of wax plate clusters on the submarginal band, and all plates are oval in the two species. Each cluster consists of 4 or 5 wax plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFCD63D87FC50B7D5" box="[787,927,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breyniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFCD63D87FCECB7D5" box="[787,803,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFCFF3D87FC50B7D5" box="[826,927,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">breyniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFF86E5BFBD43D87FB57B7D6" box="[1041,1176,1728,1754]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 15 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFB633D87FAECB7D5" box="[1190,1315,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFB633D87FB79B7D5" box="[1190,1206,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFB083D87FAECB7D5" box="[1229,1315,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFECD3DAFFDDFB60D" box="[264,528,1768,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breyniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFECD3DAFFDDFB60D" box="[264,528,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Lipaleyrodes breyniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs on euphorbiaceous and papilionaceous plants, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFAD63DAFFE91B625" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFAD63DAFFAECB60D" box="[1299,1315,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFECD3C57FE91B625" box="[264,350,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFDE53C57FD6BB626" box="[544,676,1808,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFCC93C57FC28B625" box="[780,999,1808,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFCC93C57FC28B625" box="[780,999,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This new species may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF86E5BFE313C7FFDB4B65D" box="[500,635,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breyniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFE313C7FFDCBB65D" box="[500,516,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF86E5BFDD33C7FFDB4B65D" box="[534,635,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">breyniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shorter the puparium and longer abdominal VIII setae, which are much longer than the vasiform orifice. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF96E5AFB903A5BFB11B039" box="[1109,1246,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breyniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF96E5AFB903A5BFBAAB039" box="[1109,1125,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF96E5AFBBC3A5BFB11B039" box="[1145,1246,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">breyniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a longer puparium and the abdominal VIII setae are shorter than the vasiform orifice. Moreover, the lingula apex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF96E5AFDAE3A2BFD2FB089" box="[619,736,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF96E5AFDAE3A2BFD2FB089" box="[619,736,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">L. emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is particularly distinctive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFF96E5AFECD3C75FE7AB667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174230/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[321,1238,446,1817]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFF96E5AFECD3C75FE7AB667" blockId="9.[264,1322,1842,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF96E5AFECD3C75FE71B646" bold="true" box="[264,446,1842,1866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 9A–D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFF96E5AFE013C75FD6CB645" box="[452,675,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFF96E5AFE013C75FD6CB645" box="[452,675,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult: A, cement gland; B, terminalia of male; C, terminalia of male; D, egg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFFA6E59FECD3F34FDF5B5A0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174231/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[265,1321,324,1121]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFA6E59FECD3F34FDF5B5A0" blockId="10.[264,1322,1139,1196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FECD3F34FE1FB587" bold="true" box="[264,464,1139,1163]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 10–13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FE1D3F34FD77B586" box="[472,696,1139,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FE1D3F34FD77B586" box="[472,696,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4th instar: 10, dorsal view; 11, marginal area; 12, cluster of wax plates; 13, wax plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFA6E59FEFD3F9CFB5BB4E9" blockId="10.[264,1323,1243,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFA6E59FE923F9CFE7FB5F9" box="[343,432,1243,1269]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we often found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FDB13F9CFD25B5F8" box="[628,746,1243,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FDB13F9CFD4BB5F8" box="[628,644,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD513F9CFD25B5F8" box="[660,746,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FC513F9CFB14B5F9" authority="Gennadius" authorityName="Gennadius" box="[916,1243,1243,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FC513F9CFB8DB5F8" box="[916,1090,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Bemisia tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
(Gennadius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the lower surface of the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FDB53E44FC86B410" box="[624,841,1283,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FDB53E44FC86B410" box="[624,841,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two species can be distinguished because the waxy secretion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FDB33E6CFD23B448" box="[630,748,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FDB33E6CFD49B448" box="[630,646,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD533E6CFD23B448" box="[662,748,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is always dense, white, and fluffy, composed of filaments full of twists and turns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFA6E59FD573E14FD25B461" box="[658,746,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,316,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[455,1085,814,1276]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A, Mouth-shaped spot on prothoracic tergum of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 50 B, Bemisia tabaci; 51, wax secretions of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 52, groups of immatures of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 53, live adult of Lipaleyrodes emiliae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174241/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FCA33E14FC00B460" box="[870,975,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FCA33E14FCB7B460" box="[870,888,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FC433E14FC00B460" box="[902,975,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
puparia secrete no noticeable white wax. Moreover, the lingula of live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FD3D3E3CFCBFB498" box="[760,880,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD3D3E3CFCC7B498" box="[760,776,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FCDF3E3CFCBFB498" box="[794,880,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dark brownish-black in all stages, particularly at the edges, whereas the lingula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FC973EE4FC71B4B0" box="[850,958,1443,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FC973EE4FCABB4B0" box="[850,868,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FCB03EE4FC71B4B0" box="[885,958,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is pale yellowish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFA6E59FB633EE4FACEB4B1" box="[1190,1281,1443,1469]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,326,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[431,1130,753,1241]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46, Difference in wax plates in female adults. 46 A, Bemisia tabaci; 46 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47, difference in adult lingula. 47 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47 B, Bemisia tabaci; 48, difference in lingula, 4 th instar. 48 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 48 B, Bemisia tabaci; 49 A, heart-shaped spot on thoracic pleuron of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 49 B, Bemisia tabaci." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174240/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). It should be noted that females are larger and longer than males in both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFA6E58FEFD3EB4FC67B342" blockId="10.[264,1323,1243,1869]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
|
||
No adult character states have been recognized that can be used to define membership of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FE6E3D5CFD8CB738" box="[427,579,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FE6E3D5CFD8CB738" box="[427,579,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Lipaleyrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FD153D5CFCB4B738" box="[720,891,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD153D5CFD2FB738" box="[720,736,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD363D5CFCB4B738" box="[755,891,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">euphorbiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FC4E3D5CFB8EB738" box="[907,1089,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crossandrae">
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FC6B3D5CFB8EB738" box="[942,1089,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">crossandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FB943D5CFB02B738" box="[1105,1229,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FBB13D5CFB02B738" box="[1140,1229,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FAD63D5CFEB2B750" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernoniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FAD63D5CFAECB738" box="[1299,1315,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FECD3D04FEB2B750" box="[264,381,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">vernoniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, the upper and lower compound eyes are joined by just one ommatidium; the numbers and position of the primary sensoria and sensorial cones on the antenna are the same in both male and female of these species; the wing venation is reduced to costal-subcostal veins and the radial vein. We also found it difficult initially to differentiate adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FDD33DA4FD41B7F0" box="[534,654,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FDD33DA4FDE9B7F0" box="[534,550,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FDFD3DA4FD41B7F0" box="[568,654,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FD0A3DA4FCF3B7F0" box="[719,828,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD0A3DA4FD2EB7F0" box="[719,737,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD363DA4FCF3B7F0" box="[755,828,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. because the color and appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FAD63DA4FE91B628" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FAD63DA4FAECB7F0" box="[1299,1315,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FECD3C4CFE91B628" box="[264,350,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FDB53C4CFD14B628" box="[624,731,1803,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FDB53C4CFD4DB628" box="[624,642,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD543C4CFD14B628" box="[657,731,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FC9D3C4CFC01B628" box="[856,974,1803,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FC9D3C4CFC01B628" box="[856,974,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L. emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens look a little larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FE843C74FE65B640" box="[321,426,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FE843C74FE9CB640" box="[321,339,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FEA43C74FE65B640" box="[353,426,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The adult lingula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFA6E59FD603C74FCD6B640" box="[677,793,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD603C74FD7AB640" box="[677,693,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFA6E59FD063C74FCD6B640" box="[707,793,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is club-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFA6E59FC1D3C74FBE0B641" box="[984,1071,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 45" captionStartId="18.[264,382,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,405,1524]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 45. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 42, Vasiform orifice, female; 43, wax plates, male; 44, wax plates, female; 45, difference of wax plates in male adults. 45 A, Bemisia tabaci; 45 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174239/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
), being inflated at the distal end. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FE683A5BFDD7B039" box="[429,536,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FE683A5BFE70B039" box="[429,447,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FE0A3A5BFDD7B039" box="[463,536,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it looks like a cylinder with a uniform diameter throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFB6E58FB3E3A5BFEE6B052" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,326,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[431,1130,753,1241]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46, Difference in wax plates in female adults. 46 A, Bemisia tabaci; 46 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47, difference in adult lingula. 47 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47 B, Bemisia tabaci; 48, difference in lingula, 4 th instar. 48 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 48 B, Bemisia tabaci; 49 A, heart-shaped spot on thoracic pleuron of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 49 B, Bemisia tabaci." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174240/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other obvious difference between them concerns the wax plates in both male and female adults. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FE103A2BFDF0B089" box="[469,575,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FE103A2BFE28B089" box="[469,487,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FE333A2BFDF0B089" box="[502,575,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the wax plates are separated into two parts by a little distance, which is about one-fifth of the width of the sternum in both the male and female. Wax plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FEB23AFBFE21B0D9" box="[375,494,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FEB23AFBFE48B0D9" box="[375,391,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FE5D3AFBFE21B0D9" box="[408,494,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much closer than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FCA03AFBFC1DB0D9" box="[869,978,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FCA03AFBFCB8B0D9" box="[869,887,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FC4C3AFBFC1DB0D9" box="[905,978,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFB6E58FC263AFBFBBFB0DA" box="[995,1136,444,470]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 42 – 45" captionStart-1="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46" captionStartId-0="18.[264,382,1564,1588]" captionStartId-1="19.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox-0="[266,1322,405,1524]" captionTargetBox-1="[272,1313,326,1749]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[431,1130,753,1241]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 42 – 45. Lipaleyrodes emiliae, adult: 42, Vasiform orifice, female; 43, wax plates, male; 44, wax plates, female; 45, difference of wax plates in male adults. 45 A, Bemisia tabaci; 45 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae." captionText-1="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46, Difference in wax plates in female adults. 46 A, Bemisia tabaci; 46 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47, difference in adult lingula. 47 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47 B, Bemisia tabaci; 48, difference in lingula, 4 th instar. 48 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 48 B, Bemisia tabaci; 49 A, heart-shaped spot on thoracic pleuron of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 49 B, Bemisia tabaci." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174239/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174240/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs 43–46</figureCitation>
|
||
). In live adults, there is a heart-shaped spot on the thoracic pleuron and a mouth-shaped spot on the prothoracic tergum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FDD1394BFD44B329" box="[532,651,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FDD1394BFDEBB329" box="[532,548,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FDF0394BFD44B329" box="[565,651,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFB6E58FD58394BFCE7B32A" box="[669,808,524,550]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46" captionStart-1="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A" captionStartId-0="19.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionStartId-1="20.[264,382,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox-0="[272,1313,326,1749]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,316,1694]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[431,1130,753,1241]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[455,1085,814,1276]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="FIGURES 46 – 49. 46, Difference in wax plates in female adults. 46 A, Bemisia tabaci; 46 B, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47, difference in adult lingula. 47 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 47 B, Bemisia tabaci; 48, difference in lingula, 4 th instar. 48 A, Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 48 B, Bemisia tabaci; 49 A, heart-shaped spot on thoracic pleuron of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 49 B, Bemisia tabaci." captionText-1="FIGURES 50 – 53. 50 A, Mouth-shaped spot on prothoracic tergum of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 50 B, Bemisia tabaci; 51, wax secretions of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 52, groups of immatures of Lipaleyrodes emiliae; 53, live adult of Lipaleyrodes emiliae." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174240/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174241/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs 49–50</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FC49394BFC34B329" box="[908,1019,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FC49394BFC51B329" box="[908,926,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FC6A394BFC34B329" box="[943,1019,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the thoracic pleuron and prothoracic tergum are evenly yellowish and not mottled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFFB6E58FECD3EFBFDBCB4FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174232/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[264,1322,645,1444]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFB6E58FECD3EFBFDBCB4FA" blockId="11.[264,1323,1468,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FECD3EFBFE1FB4D8" bold="true" box="[264,464,1468,1492]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">FIGURES 14–17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FE1F3EFAFD75B4D8" box="[474,698,1469,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FE1F3EFAFD75B4D8" box="[474,698,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4th instar: 14, pore of wax plate; 15, posterior area; 16, vasiform orifice; 17, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFB6E58FEFD3D62FC64B76B" blockId="11.[264,1322,1572,1879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FDEE3D63FCEAB732" bold="true" box="[555,805,1572,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A70FD9FFFB6E58FDEE3D63FD52B732" box="[555,669,1572,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
puparium
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FCFD3D63FC63B732" bold="true" box="[824,940,1572,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFB6E58FCFD3D63FC63B732" box="[824,940,1572,1598]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Renwu, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FB8A3D62FE50B76B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FB8A3D62FAE5B732" box="[1103,1322,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFB6E58FE6F3D0AFDFCB76B" box="[426,563,1613,1639]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" value="2003-07-06">6-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1931) (NTU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFB6E5CFEFD3D33FD90B03A" blockId="11.[264,1322,1572,1879]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FEFD3D33FDF0B782" bold="true" box="[312,575,1652,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A70FD9FFFB6E58FEFD3D33FE75B782" box="[312,442,1652,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFB6E58FE0E3D33FDF0B782" box="[459,575,1652,1678]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: All collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFB6E58FC863D32FBD0B782" box="[835,1055,1653,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFB6E58FC863D32FBD0B782" box="[835,1055,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except TW2173, and deposited at NTU except where otherwise noted. 2 pupal cases,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFB6E58FC303DDAFB8BB7BB" box="[1013,1092,1693,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females, same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A70FD9FFFB6E58FE973D82FE73B7D3" box="[338,444,1733,1759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; Taipei Co.: Shuanghsi, 5 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFB6E58FB613D82FAE9B7D3" box="[1188,1318,1733,1759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" value="2004-02-28">28-II-2004</date>
|
||
, Y. C. Hung (TW2172); Yungho, 137 pupal cases,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFB6E58FC933DAAFC78B60B" box="[854,951,1773,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="adult">73 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFB6E58FBEC3DAAFB46B60B" box="[1065,1161,1773,1799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="adult">10 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males (on 36 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFB6E58FE3D3C52FD40B623" box="[504,655,1813,1839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" value="2003-07-21">21-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1957) (ANIC; BNHM; CDFA; NMNS; TARI; USNM); Yungho, 133 pupal cases, 32 third instars, 13 second instars, 5 first instars (on 36 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFD8D3F9CFD0EB5F9" box="[584,705,1243,1269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-01-15">15-I-2004</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2137); Sanhsia, 14 pupal cases (on 3 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFDC63E44FDA3B411" box="[515,620,1283,1309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-01-01">1-I-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2136); Sanhsia, 10 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFE223E6CFDA4B449" box="[487,619,1323,1349]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-10-23">23-X-2004</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2388); Taipei City: Neihu, 2 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFDCE3E14FD40B461" box="[523,655,1363,1389]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-10-10">10-X-2004</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2354); Sungshan, 8 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFE203E3CFDB2B499" box="[485,637,1403,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2002-07-27">27-VII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1747); Kungkuan,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFC6E5FFBCF3E3CFBA6B499" box="[1034,1129,1403,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="adult">43 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFC6E5FFB1F3E3CFAE5B499" box="[1242,1322,1403,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males (on 4 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFD673EE4FC8CB4B1" box="[674,835,1443,1469]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2002-08-14">14-VIII-2002</date>
|
||
, Y. C. Hung (TW1777); Taoyuan Co.: Sanguang, 10 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFC473E8CFBD6B4E9" box="[898,1049,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2003-07-30">30-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1989); Chutung, 4 pupal cases (on 2 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFC963EB4FC05B701" box="[851,970,1523,1549]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-01-11">11-I-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2146); Miaoli Co.: Nanchuang, 3 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFC2A3D5CFBB7B739" box="[1007,1144,1563,1589]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2003-07-01">1-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1917); Sanwan, 7 pupal cases,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFC6E5FFD6B3D04FCCFB751" box="[686,768,1603,1629]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females (on 2 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFB583D04FAE9B751" box="[1181,1318,1603,1629]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2003-07-01">1-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1918); Nantou Co.: Nantou City, 7 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFECD3DD4FE44B7A1" box="[264,395,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2003-10-26">26-X-2003</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2105); Jihyuetan (Sun Moon Lake), 32 pupal cases,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFC6E5FFB073DD4FAE5B7A1" box="[1218,1322,1683,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
adult (on 6 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFDBC3DFCFCD5B7D9" box="[633,794,1723,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-08-13">13-VIII-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2308); Chiayi Co.: Chuchi, 3 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFD093DA4FC9BB7F1" box="[716,852,1763,1789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2002-07-06">6-VII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1701); Fenglu, 8 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFDB23C4CFCCDB629" box="[631,770,1803,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2004-04-10">10-IV-2004</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2210); Chungpu, 4 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFC6E5FFD833C74FD0BB641" box="[582,708,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" value="2003-09-08">8-IX-2003</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2026); Yichu, 14 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE233FA7FDB2B5F6" box="[486,637,1248,1274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2002-07-14">14-VII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1720); Yichu, 1 pupal case,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFD6E5EFBB23FA7FB08B5F6" box="[1143,1223,1248,1274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="adult">8 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females (on 3 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFD953E4FFD0CB42E" box="[592,707,1288,1314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2003-02-03">3-II-2003</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1809); Tapu, 1 pupal case (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE2F3E77FD4EB446" box="[490,641,1328,1354]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2002-07-20">20-VII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1732); Chiayi City, 1 pupal case (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE203E1FFDA2B47E" box="[485,621,1368,1394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2002-07-07">7-VII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1708); Tainan Co.: Paiho, 13 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFDD13EC7FD6EB496" box="[532,673,1408,1434]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2003-09-28">28-IX-2003</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2073); Paiho, 4 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE293EEFFD42B4CE" box="[492,653,1448,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2004-08-28">28-VIII-2004</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2314); Hsuehchia,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFD6E5EFBF43EEFFB4AB4CE" box="[1073,1157,1448,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE363E97FDB4B4E6" box="[499,635,1488,1514]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2003-07-05">5-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1928); Liuchia, 7 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE373EBFFDB9B71E" box="[498,630,1528,1554]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2004-10-23">23-X-2004</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2365); Hsinhua, 3 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFE203D67FDA7B736" box="[485,616,1568,1594]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2004-10-23">23-X-2004</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2360); Tainan City: Kuantzuling, 12 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFDAB3D0FFCCAB76E" box="[622,773,1608,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2002-07-21">21-VII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1738); Kaohsiung Co.: Tashe, 3 pupal cases (on 2 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFD1A3D37FCA3B786" box="[735,876,1648,1674]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2003-09-14">14-IX-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2053); Kaohsiung City: Shoushan, 6 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFC5E3DDFFBD0B7BE" box="[923,1055,1688,1714]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2004-10-23">23-X-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2385); Kaohsiung City, 5 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFC563D87FBDFB7D6" box="[915,1040,1728,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2004-03-06">6-III-2004</date>
|
||
, Y. C. Hung (TW2181); Pingtung Co.: Neipu, 7 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFBD53DAFFB6DB60E" box="[1040,1186,1768,1794]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2002-08-03">3-VIII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1752); Chaochou, 4 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFBD63C57FB6AB626" box="[1043,1189,1808,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2002-08-03">3-VIII-2002</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW1749); Hsinpei, 2 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFD6E5EFBC13C7FFBB6B65E" box="[1028,1145,1848,1874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" value="2004-10-09">9-X-2004</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2357); Ilan Co.: Suao, 11 pupal cases (on 3 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFBF33FA5FB7DB5F0" box="[1078,1202,1250,1276]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-03-05">5-III-2004</date>
|
||
, C. C. Ko (TW2175); Nanao, 8 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFBCB3E4DFB5FB428" box="[1038,1168,1290,1316]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-20">20-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2156); Hualien Co.: Hsinchen, 11 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFB453E75FACDB440" box="[1152,1282,1330,1356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-20">20-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2157); Liyutan, 16 pupal cases,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFE6E5DFCC33E1DFC98B478" box="[774,855,1370,1396]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females (on 2 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFB2E3E1DFE8AB490" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2003-03-02">2-III- 2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1826); Taitung Co.: Changkung, 16 pupal cases,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFE6E5DFB9F3EC5FB65B490" box="[1114,1194,1410,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="adult">9 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFE6E5DFAD93EC5FE8CB4C8" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="adult">8 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males (on 16 microscope slides),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFD1D3EEDFC96B4C8" box="[728,857,1450,1476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-20">20-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2159); Heping, 9 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFDB73E95FD3BB4E0" box="[626,756,1490,1516]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-24">24-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2162); Tunghou, 10 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFDFD3EBDFD75B718" box="[568,698,1530,1556]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-23">23-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2160); Painan, 4 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFE373D65FD47B730" box="[498,648,1570,1596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2003-07-28">28-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1972); Painan, 7 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFE2B3D0DFDBFB768" box="[494,624,1610,1636]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-20">20-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2158); Taitung City, 7 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFE223D35FDA6B780" box="[487,617,1650,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-20">20-II-2004</date>
|
||
, H. T. Yeh (TW2161); Lutao (Green I.), 3 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFE203DDDFDBDB7B8" box="[485,626,1690,1716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-06-26">26-VI-2004</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2284); Lanhsu (Orchid I.), 14 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFDFD3D85FD00B7D0" box="[568,719,1730,1756]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2003-07-29">29-VII-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW1976); Penghu Co.: Makung, 2 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFD113DADFC97B608" box="[724,856,1770,1796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2003-10-19">19-X-2003</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2099); Chinchen, 7 pupal cases (on 1 microscope slide),
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5DFD173C55FC9FB620" box="[722,848,1810,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-09-08">8-IX-2004</date>
|
||
, C. H. Hsieh (TW2336); Shuanghsi, 1 pupal case (on 1 microscope slide), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFE6E5DFD193C7DFB16B658" box="[732,1241,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassocephalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crepidioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFE6E5DFD193C7DFBF5B65F" box="[732,1082,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Crassocephalum crepidioides</emphasis>
|
||
(Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFE6E5CFB233C7DFE8AB03A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-28">28-II- 2004</date>
|
||
, Y. C. Hung (TW2173).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFFC6E5FFECD3F35FC68B5A0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174233/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[265,1322,326,1118]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFC6E5FFECD3F35FC68B5A0" blockId="12.[264,1322,1138,1196]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFC6E5FFECD3F35FE1FB586" bold="true" box="[264,464,1138,1162]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 18–21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFC6E5FFE123F34FD77B586" box="[471,696,1139,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFC6E5FFE123F34FD77B586" box="[471,696,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 18, 4th instar, antenna and fore leg; 19, 3rd instar, dorsal view; 20, 3rd instar, posterior area; 21, 3rd instar, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFFD6E5EFECD3F35FC80B5A0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[265,1318,326,1121]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFD6E5EFECD3F35FC80B5A0" blockId="13.[264,1322,1138,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFD6E5EFECD3F35FE00B586" bold="true" box="[264,463,1138,1162]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">FIGURES 22–25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFD6E5EFE133F34FD78B586" box="[470,695,1139,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFD6E5EFE133F34FD78B586" box="[470,695,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 22, 2nd instar, dorsal view; 23, 2nd instar, posterior area; 24, 2nd instar, ventral view; 25, 1st instar, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFFE6E5DFECD3F33FCC2B5A2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174235/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[264,1322,326,1123]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFE6E5DFECD3F33FCC2B5A2" blockId="14.[264,1323,1140,1198]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFE6E5DFECD3F33FE1FB580" bold="true" box="[264,464,1140,1164]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 26–29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFE6E5DFE1D3F32FD77B580" box="[472,696,1141,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFE6E5DFE1D3F32FD77B580" box="[472,696,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 26, 1st instar, posterior area; 27, 1st instar, ventral view; 28, egg; 29, adult, ventral view showing labium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFFF6E5CFEFD3A04FB25B0F2" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E5CFEFD3A04FB25B0F2" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFEFD3A04FE3AB051" bold="true" box="[312,501,323,349]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFF6E5CFEFD3A04FE3AB051" box="[312,501,323,349]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">HONG KONG</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Kowloon, 6 pupal cases, 1 third instars,
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFF6E5CFC3E3A03FB4CB052" box="[1019,1155,324,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" value="1995-12-02">2-XII-1995</date>
|
||
, C. S. K Lau (IIE23405); New Territories, 21 puparia, 2 third instars,
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFF6E5CFC653A2BFBE2B08A" box="[928,1069,364,390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" value="1999-11-22">22-XI-1999</date>
|
||
, J. H. Martin (Martin 7255) (plus dry material on leaves); New Territories, 23 puparia,
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFF6E5CFBC63AD3FB5EB0A2" box="[1027,1169,404,430]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" value="2005-11-26">26-XI-2005</date>
|
||
, J. H. Martin (Martin 8196) (plus dry material on leaves);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFF6E5CFCCB3AFBFC58B0DA" box="[782,919,444,470]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island, 28 puparia,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFFF6E5CFBB83AFBFB03B0DA" box="[1149,1228,444,470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female,
|
||
<date id="FFA297BBFFFF6E5CFECD3AA3FE5FB0F2" box="[264,400,484,510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" value="2005-12-05">5-XII-2005</date>
|
||
, J. H. Martin (Martin 8258) (plus dry material on leaves) (all in BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF63E1F3FFFF6E5CFECD3E25FEB0B4B3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174236/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[264,1322,566,1359]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E5CFECD3E25FEB0B4B3" blockId="15.[264,1322,1378,1471]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFECD3E25FE1CB476" bold="true" box="[264,467,1378,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 30–33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFE183E24FD0FB476" box="[477,704,1379,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFE183E24FD0FB476" box="[477,704,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Lipaleyrodes emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult: 30, sensilla on labium; 31, compound eyes; 32, primary sensilla and sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 33, primary sensoria on antennal segment V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFFF6E5CFEFD3EB5FB17B751" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E5CFEFD3EB5FE5EB739" blockId="15.[264,1322,1522,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFEFD3EB5FE72B700" bold="true" box="[312,445,1522,1548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFD7E3EB4FCDEB700" box="[699,785,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFD7E3EB4FCDEB700" box="[699,785,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A70FD9FFFF6E5CFBD13EB4FB89B701" box="[1044,1094,1523,1549]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFB193EB4FE45B738" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFB193EB4FE45B738" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E5CFEFD3D05FB17B751" blockId="15.[264,1322,1522,1869]" box="[312,1240,1602,1629]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFEFD3D05FE02B750" bold="true" box="[312,461,1602,1628]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFE103D04FD95B751" box="[469,602,1603,1629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFDA03D04FC0EB750" box="[613,961,1603,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crassocephalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crepidioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFDA03D04FC0EB750" box="[613,961,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Crassocephalum crepidioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFC3F3D04FB1EB750" box="[1018,1233,1603,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFC3F3D04FB1EB750" box="[1018,1233,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFFF6E5CFEFD3D2DFBDCB7D9" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E5CFEFD3D2DFC8CB789" blockId="15.[264,1322,1522,1869]" box="[312,835,1642,1669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFEFD3D2DFE1EB788" bold="true" box="[312,465,1642,1668]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFF6E5CFE1A3D2CFDFAB789" box="[479,565,1643,1669]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fig. 55),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFF6E5CFD773D2CFCF0B789" box="[690,831,1643,1669]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E5CFEFD3DD5FBDCB7D9" blockId="15.[264,1322,1522,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFEFD3DD5FDDBB7A0" bold="true" box="[312,532,1682,1708]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Natural ememies.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFDD93DD4FD7FB7A1" box="[540,688,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFD7E3DD4FC23B7A1" authority="Hayat" authorityName="Hayat" box="[699,1004,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duorungu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFD7E3DD4FC51B7A0" box="[699,926,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Encarsia duorungu</emphasis>
|
||
Hayat
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFBE33DD4FEFAB7D9" authority="Timberlake. The" authorityName="Timberlake. The" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFBE33DD4FBF7B7A0" box="[1062,1080,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFB823DD4FB5AB7A0" box="[1095,1173,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">sophia</emphasis>
|
||
Timberlake. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
two species are also parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFD113DFCFCF2B7D8" box="[724,829,1723,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFD113DFCFD29B7D8" box="[724,742,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFD313DFCFCF2B7D8" box="[756,829,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFCAF3DFCFBC3B7D8" box="[874,1036,1723,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFCAF3DFCFCB3B7D8" box="[874,892,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFC4F3DFCFBC3B7D8" box="[906,1036,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306E2F0FFFF6E43FEFD3DA5FDF4B32A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3B17BFFFF6E43FEFD3DA5FDF4B32A" blockId="15.[264,1322,1522,1869]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFEFD3DA5FE5BB7F0" bold="true" box="[312,404,1762,1788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is apparently restricted to members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFBF63DA4FB78B7F1" box="[1075,1207,1763,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is of no known economic importance.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFFF6E5CFD673C4CFBEDB629" box="[674,1058,1803,1829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Emilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sonchifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFFF6E5CFD673C4CFCB1B628" box="[674,894,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Emilia sonchifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327ADFEFFFF6E5CFBEE3C4CFB4EB629" box="[1067,1153,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="21.[264,367,1137,1161]" captionTargetBox="[269,1316,326,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[269,1317,326,1113]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 54. Emilia sonchifolia, host plant of Lipaleyrodes emiliae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174242/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
) is an annual weed widely distributed in the South Pacific Islands from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFFF6E5CFC793C74FBE1B641" box="[956,1070,1843,1869]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to eastern Polynesia, and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFE06E43FEA23A5BFE62B03A" box="[359,429,284,310]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFE06E43FE053A5BFDD6B03A" box="[448,537,284,310]" name="Taiwan" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30BF1EBFFE06E43FDA03A5BFD61B03A" box="[613,686,284,310]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and is common in coastal regions, sandy places, wastelands, roadsides, and paddy ridges, from sea level to about
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1A7AF2FFE06E43FBCE3A03FB91B052" box="[1035,1118,324,350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE41C9EFFE06E43FBCE3A03FB95B052" box="[1035,1114,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The new species of whitefly is therefore likely to have a wider geographic distribution than recorded here. The puparia were found in groups often heavily infestating the undersurfaces of a leaves amid dense white filaments of wax. No ant attendance was observed. It was also found together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1CCAF8FFE06E43FE773AA3FCCCB0F2" authority="Gennadius" authorityName="Gennadius" box="[434,771,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9686D69FFE06E43FE773AA3FDABB0F1" box="[434,612,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Bemisia tabaci</emphasis>
|
||
(Gennadius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, intermingling with this species on the lower leaf surfaces of the plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |