349 lines
37 KiB
XML
349 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="81806C0B1FD3A22D5B350FBD4A164A99" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3599.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65cc8b22-f862-47b5-91cb-5d1e70d182cd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="216117" ID-ZooBank="DCE30D81-4C5B-415E-B458-A5C332DA2D0D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460567401535" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Salgado, Luiz Gustavo Vargas, Carvalho, Alcimar Do Lago & Pinto, Ângelo Parise" docDate="2013" docId="DF7A8C5E3770FFFCA1CFFC292890FBFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03599p245.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3599 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrothemis Hagen 1868" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="2343F426377EFFF3A158FF9E2D0BFFF2" masterDocTitle="Larval taxonomy of Macrothemis Hagen, 1868 (Odonata: Libellulidae), with descriptions of four larvae and a key to the fourteen known species" masterLastPageNumber="245" masterPageNumber="229" pageNumber="243" updateTime="1698321284514" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8F4331F9A79E22E6D280C43FD339577D">Larval taxonomy of Macrothemis Hagen, 1868 (Odonata: Libellulidae), with descriptions of four larvae and a key to the fourteen known species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAE6ACB73082990B238A2C01BFD32C87">Salgado, Luiz Gustavo Vargas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B7805F75BFE365381638E0742F52F48">Carvalho, Alcimar Do Lago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9AA29408F8C35A09B4A266F4B26281E7">Pinto, Ângelo Parise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="151529949D2E0E1A039131B1233F1BEE">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DF7A8C5E3770FFFCA1CFFC292890FBFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119557978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF7A8C5E3770FFFCA1CFFC292890FBFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF7A8C5E3770FFFCA1CFFC292890FBFB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<subSubSection id="1FC96EC33770FFFDA1CFFC292F6DFA61" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFFC292975FC23" blockId="14.[151,1150,951,977]" box="[151,1150,951,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<heading id="0C248A243770FFFDA1CFFC292975FC23" bold="true" box="[151,1150,951,977]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA1CFFC292975FC23" bold="true" box="[151,1150,951,977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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Key to the fourteen known ultimate stadium larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA264FC292975FC23" ID-CoL="5JQS" authority="Hagen, 1868" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1868" box="[828,1150,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA264FC292ED0FC23" bold="true" box="[828,987,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Macrothemis</emphasis>
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Hagen, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFFC602F6DFA61" blockId="14.[151,1436,1021,1427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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Keys to
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA1ACFC632C8CFBE7" box="[244,391,1021,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA1ACFC632C8CFBE7" box="[244,391,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Macrothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae were published in
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<bibRefCitation id="334240B93770FFFDA3FEFC632949FBE7" author="Ramirez" box="[678,1090,1021,1045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" refString="Ramirez, A. & Novelo-Gutierrez, R. (1999) The Neotropical dragonfly genus Macrothemis: new larval descriptions and an evaluation of its generic status based on larval stages (Odonata: Libellulidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 18, 67 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1468009" type="journal article" year="1999">Ramírez & Novelo-Gutiérrez (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="334240B93770FFFDA516FC632800FBE7" author="Heckman" box="[1102,1291,1021,1045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" refString="Heckman, C. W. (2006) Encyclopedia of South American aquatic insects: Odonata - Anisoptera. Springer, Dordrecht, viii + 725." type="book chapter" year="2006">Heckman (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="334240B93770FFFDA419FC632C02FBC5" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" refString="Costa, J. M., Carrico, C., Santos, T. C. & Mascarenhas, B. J. A. (2010) Description of the final instar of Macrothemis heteronycha (Calvert) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Zootaxa, 2506, 65 - 68." type="journal article">
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Costa
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA4D0FC602DBFFBCA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The latter includes the
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<specimenCount id="41D5F6C13770FFFDA34BFB812F70FBC5" box="[531,635,1055,1079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
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described so far, but unfortunately does not allow correct identification of those species: observation errors were detected (couplet 5); equivocal steps (couplet 6, where the outputs to steps 7 and 8 are certainly changed); characters considering structures difficult to visualize and define (couplets 1 and 7); and characters variable individually and ill-defined (couplets 3, 4, 8 and 9). Moreover, with the adoption of only one character in most of the couplets, larvae not keyed from undescribed species of the genus or relatives can be easily wrongly identified without the chance to raise any suspicion. Therefore, we tried to avoid the problems listed above in the present key, using at least two characters in each step. Nevertheless, taking into account the problems inherent in the definition of the genus and the low number of larvae known (14 of 42 species), it must be used with extreme caution since there is no key that allows unambiguously identifying any given larva to
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA45AFAAB289EFABF" box="[1282,1429,1333,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA45AFAAB289EFABF" box="[1282,1429,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Macrothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Attempting to minimize this problem, the first couplets were constructed to separate the known larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA1CFFAE52C21FA61" box="[151,298,1403,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA1CFFAE52C21FA61" box="[151,298,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Macrothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from those of allied genera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FC96EC33770FFFCA1CFFA5F2890FBFB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" type="key">
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<keyStep id="EC2725ED3770FFFDA1CFFA5F2890F9E3" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFFA5F2897FA24" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" box="[151,1436,1473,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFFA5F2897FA24" box="[151,1436,1473,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">1. Cuticle of abdominal terga mostly setose (covered with hair-like setae); cercus generally longer than half of epiproct... 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFFA402890F9E3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFFA402890F9E3" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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1’. Cuticle of abdominal terga mostly granulose (covered with peg-like setae); cercus generally shorter than half of epiproct...........................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA5D9FA622804F9E3" ID-CoL="3CXZ" box="[1153,1295,1532,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Brechmorhoga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA5D9FA622804F9E3" box="[1153,1295,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Brechmorhoga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA466FA622890F9E3" ID-CoL="7CZN" box="[1342,1435,1532,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Scapanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA466FA622890F9E3" box="[1342,1435,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Scapanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="EC2725ED3770FFFDA1CFF9872897F974" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF9872897F9B9" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF9872897F9B9" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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2 (1). Row of premental setae arranged in one group; palpal setella generally distinct; distal margin of labial palp with cylindrical setae; lateral spine of S9 straight................................................ 5 (
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA5FEF9A8282FF9B9" ID-CoL="5JQS" box="[1190,1316,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA5FEF9A8282FF9B9" box="[1190,1316,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Macrothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="886883EA3770FFFDA472F9A82858F9B9" box="[1322,1363,1590,1611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
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larvae)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF9CA2897F974" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF9CA2897F974" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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2’. Row of premental setae divided in two groups, the external with two setae; palpal setella indistinct; distal margin of labial palp with flattened setae; lateral spine of S9 curved inward............................ 3 (
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA5E9F9EF282FF974" ID-CoL="4S2D" box="[1201,1316,1649,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Gynothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA5E9F9EF282FF974" box="[1201,1316,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Gynothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="886883EA3770FFFDA472F9EF2858F974" box="[1322,1363,1649,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
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larvae)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="EC2725ED3770FFFDA1CFF9102890F92C" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF9102897F951" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" box="[151,1436,1678,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF9102897F951" box="[151,1436,1678,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">3 (2’). Head width distinctly greater than 1/3 of total length of larva; premental setae 8................................. 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF9322890F92C" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF9322890F92C" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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3’. Head width approximately 1/3 of total length of larva; premental setae generally 6 or 7, if 8 the outer margin of palpus has only 3 short flat setae......................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA471F9572890F92C" ID-CoL="4S2D" box="[1321,1435,1737,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Gynothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA471F9572890F92C" box="[1321,1435,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Gynothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="EC2725ED3770FFFDA1CFF9782897F8EB" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF9782897F909" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" box="[151,1436,1766,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF9782897F909" box="[151,1436,1766,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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4 (3). Labial palp with five palpal setae; epiproct longer than paraproct in lateral view.....................
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA45EF9782897F909" ID-CoL="3XBXL" box="[1286,1436,1766,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA45EF9782897F909" box="[1286,1436,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">M. heteronycha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF89A2897F8EB" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" box="[151,1436,1796,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF89A2897F8EB" box="[151,1436,1796,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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4’. Labial palp with four palpal setae; epiproct shorter than paraproct.....................................
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<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA46DF89A2897F8EB" ID-CoL="3XBXY" box="[1333,1436,1796,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musiva">
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<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA46DF89A2897F8EB" box="[1333,1436,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">M. musiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="EC2725ED3770FFFDA1CFF8BD2897F861" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF8BD2897F8A7" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF8BD2897F8A7" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
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5 (2). Ligula moderately prominent, with lateral margins forming an angle>90o (
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<figureCitation id="CFE821CD3770FFFDA28CF8BD2910F8CA" box="[980,1051,1827,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[182,1413,182,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1446,172,1911]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 20. Macrothemis declivata Calvert, 1909, ultimate stadium larva, 3: 11. right mandible, inner view; 12. left mandible, inner view; 13. right labial palp, dorsal view; 14. distal border of right labial palp, ventral view; 15. prementum, dorsal view; 16. abdomen, dorsal view; 17. abdomen, lateral view; 18. abdominal segment 9, ventral view; 19 caudal appendages, dorsal view; 20. caudal appendages, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216119/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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); antennomeres 5–7 each distinctly lon- ger than half of 3................................................................................... 6
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF8FE2897F861" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF8FE2897F861" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
|
||
5’. Ligula very prominent, with lateral margins forming an angle <90o (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFE821CD3770FFFDA2D3F8FE2ED9F887" box="[907,978,1888,1909]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 38" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[197,1407,210,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[177,1411,194,1863]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 38. Macrothemis tenuis Hagen, 1868, ultimate stadium larva, 3: 30. right mandible, inner view; 31. left mandible, inner view; 32. right labial palp, dorsal view; 33. distal border of right labial palp, ventral view; 34. prementum, dorsal view; 35. abdomen, dorsal view; 36. abdomen, lateral view; 37. caudal appendages, dorsal view; 38. caudal appendages, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216121/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennomeres 5–7 each distinctly shorter than half of 3...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3770FFFDA41BF8E02897F861" ID-CoL="6R47T" box="[1347,1436,1918,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="14" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3770FFFDA41BF8E02897F861" box="[1347,1436,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">M. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3770FFFCA1CFF8052897FF38" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483770FFFDA1CFF8052897F83F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1473,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3770FFFDA1CFF8052897F83F" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">
|
||
6 (5). Labial palp with crenations semicircular, notches deep (typical crenations) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFE821CD3770FFFDA285F8052959F842" box="[989,1106,1947,1968]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[182,1413,182,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1446,172,1911]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 20. Macrothemis declivata Calvert, 1909, ultimate stadium larva, 3: 11. right mandible, inner view; 12. left mandible, inner view; 13. right labial palp, dorsal view; 14. distal border of right labial palp, ventral view; 15. prementum, dorsal view; 16. abdomen, dorsal view; 17. abdomen, lateral view; 18. abdominal segment 9, ventral view; 19 caudal appendages, dorsal view; 20. caudal appendages, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216119/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="243">Figs. 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal hook of S9 shorter and less or equally pronounced distally than corresponding lateral spine in dorsal view............................... 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFF092897FF38" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFF092897FF38" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
6’. Labial palp with obsolete crenations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFE821CD3771FFFCA328FF092FEEFF5E" box="[624,741,151,172]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 38" captionStartId="11.[151,269,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[197,1407,210,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[177,1411,194,1863]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 38. Macrothemis tenuis Hagen, 1868, ultimate stadium larva, 3: 30. right mandible, inner view; 31. left mandible, inner view; 32. right labial palp, dorsal view; 33. distal border of right labial palp, ventral view; 34. prementum, dorsal view; 35. abdomen, dorsal view; 36. abdomen, lateral view; 37. caudal appendages, dorsal view; 38. caudal appendages, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216121/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">Figs. 32–33</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal hook of S9 distinctly longer and more pronounced distally than corresponding lateral spine in dorsal view.......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA46CFF2B2897FF38" ID-CoL="3XBXJ" box="[1332,1436,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hahneli">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA46CFF2B2897FF38" box="[1332,1436,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. hahneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFF4C2897FEF7" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFF4C2897FF15" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1436,210,231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFF4C2897FF15" box="[151,1436,210,231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">7 (6). Dorsal hook of S5 not reduced, similar to or larger than those of preceding segments; dorsal hooks present on S6–9.... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFF712897FEF7" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFF712897FEF7" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
7’. Dorsal hook of S5 reduced, distinctly smaller than those of preceding segments; dorsal hooks absent on S6–
|
||
<specimenCount id="41D5F6C13771FFFCA44AFF712815FEF6" box="[1298,1310,239,260]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" type="generic">9</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA47CFF6E2897FEF7" ID-CoL="3XBXW" box="[1316,1436,240,261]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meurgeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA47CFF6E2897FEF7" box="[1316,1436,240,261]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. meurgeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFE932897FECD" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFE932897FED0" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1436,269,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFE932897FED0" box="[151,1436,269,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
8 (7). Dorsal hook on S2, sometimes very small, tubercle-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFE821CD3771FFFCA271FE932E94FED0" box="[809,927,269,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[182,1413,182,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1446,172,1911]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 20. Macrothemis declivata Calvert, 1909, ultimate stadium larva, 3: 11. right mandible, inner view; 12. left mandible, inner view; 13. right labial palp, dorsal view; 14. distal border of right labial palp, ventral view; 15. prementum, dorsal view; 16. abdomen, dorsal view; 17. abdomen, lateral view; 18. abdominal segment 9, ventral view; 19 caudal appendages, dorsal view; 20. caudal appendages, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216119/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">Figs. 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
); 10–12 premental setae...................... 9
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFEB42897FECD" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1436,298,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFEB42897FECD" box="[151,1436,298,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
8’. Dorsal hook absent on S2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFE821CD3771FFFCA352FEB42F6CFECD" box="[522,615,298,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[208,1403,211,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[179,1413,195,1864]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Macrothemis imitans imitans Karsch, 1890, ultimate stadium larva, 3: 1 head, dorsal view; 2. right mandible, inner view; 3. left mandible, inner view; 4. right labial palp, dorsal view; 5. distal border of right labial palp, ventral view; 6. prementum, dorsal view; 7. abdomen, dorsal view; 8. abdomen, lateral view; 9. caudal appendages, dorsal view; 10. caudal appendages, lateral view. “ a ” and “ b ”, measurements used to represent the projection of ligula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216118/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
); 7–10 premental setae................................................ 12
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFED92890FE88" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFED92890FEAE" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1435,327,348]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFED92890FEAE" box="[151,1435,327,348]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
9 (8). Labial palp with 6 palpal setae; total length>
|
||
<quantity id="902B90AD3771FFFCA3E1FED92E05FEAE" box="[697,782,327,348]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.................................................... 10
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFEFB2890FE88" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1435,357,378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFEFB2890FE88" box="[151,1435,357,378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
9’. Labial palp with 7 palpal setae; total length ca
|
||
<quantity id="902B90AD3771FFFCA39FFEFB2E01FE88" box="[711,778,357,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
..........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA458FEFB2890FE88" ID-CoL="3XBXR" box="[1280,1435,357,378]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inequiunguis">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA458FEFB2890FE88" box="[1280,1435,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. inequiunguis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFE1C2897FE1D" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFE1C2897FE46" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFE1C2897FE46" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">10 (9). Dorsal hooks of S7–9 similar to those of preceding segments and with acute apex; apex of lateral spine of S9 distally reaching 0.66 of epiproct length in dorsal view (S10 and caudal appendages distinctly embedded in S9)............. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFE232897FE1D" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFE232897FE1D" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
10’. Dorsal hooks of S7–9 distinctly smaller than those of preceding segments and with blunt apex; apex of lateral spine of S9 reaching distal border of S
|
||
<quantity id="902B90AD3771FFFCA35CFE442F3DFE1D" box="[516,566,474,495]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
dorsal view (S10 and caudal appendages weakly embedded in S9).....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA5A3FE442897FE1D" ID-CoL="3XBWZ" box="[1275,1436,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA5A3FE442897FE1D" box="[1275,1436,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. aurimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFE692E0FFD97" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFE692897FDD8" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFE692897FDD8" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
11 (10). Dorsal hook of S2 shorter than the mediodorsal length of the segment; dorsal hooks of S6–7 similar to those of other segments, hook-like..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA47CFD8B2897FDD8" ID-CoL="3XBXB" box="[1316,1436,533,554]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="declivata">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA47CFD8B2897FDD8" box="[1316,1436,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. declivata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFDAC2E0FFD97" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFDAC2E0FFD97" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
11’. Dorsal hook of S2 subequal to or larger than the mediodorsal length of segment; dorsal hooks of S6–7 less pronounced than those of other segments, spine-like …
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA3FFFDCE2E0FFD97" ID-CoL="3XBYD" box="[679,772,592,613]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultima">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA3FFFDCE2E0FFD97" box="[679,772,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. ultima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFDF12890FD56" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFDF12890FD76" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1435,621,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFDF12890FD76" box="[151,1435,621,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">12 (8’). Labial palp with 6–7 palpal setae; ligula with lateral margins forming an angle of 110–130o....................... 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFD112890FD56" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1435,652,676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFD112890FD56" box="[151,1435,652,676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
12’. Labial palp with 5 palpal setae; ligula with lateral margins forming an angle of ca. 100o...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA456FD112890FD56" ID-CoL="3XBXK" box="[1294,1435,655,676]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemichlora">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA456FD112890FD56" box="[1294,1435,655,676]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. hemichlora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFD322890FCA6" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFD322890FD0E" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFD322890FD0E" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
13 (12). Movable hook of labial palp stout, its midlength thickness at least
|
||
<date id="236D1B883771FFFCA2D8FD322E93FD33" box="[896,920,684,705]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">3x</date>
|
||
thicker than the preceding palpal seta; apex of lateral spine of S9 distally reaching the level of apex of paraproct in dorsal view (S10 and caudal appendages very embedded in S9)............................................................................................. 14
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFC9A2890FCA6" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFC9A2890FCA6" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
13’. Movable hook of labial palp slender, its midlength thickness ≤
|
||
<date id="236D1B883771FFFCA203FC9A2E78FCEB" box="[859,883,772,793]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">2x</date>
|
||
as thick as the preceding palpal seta; apex of lateral spine of S9 distally reaching at maximum 0.66 of epiproct length in dorsal view (S10 and caudal appendages moderately embedded in S9)....................................................................................... 15
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFCC12897FC43" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFCC12890FC63" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFCC12890FC63" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
14 (13). Lateral margins of ligula forming an angle of ca. 110o; dorsal hooks of S8–9 notably smaller than those of S5–7.................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA465FCE22890FC63" ID-CoL="3XBX8" box="[1341,1435,892,913]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celeno">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA465FCE22890FC63" box="[1341,1435,892,913]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. celeno</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFC022897FC43" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1436,921,945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFC022897FC43" box="[151,1436,921,945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
14’. Lateral margins of ligula forming an angle of ca. 125o; dorsal hooks of S8–9 similar to those of S5–7........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA46CFC022897FC43" ID-CoL="3XBXQ" box="[1332,1436,924,945]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inacuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA46CFC022897FC43" box="[1332,1436,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. inacuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="EC2725ED3771FFFCA1CFFC272890FBFB" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFC272897FC3C" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" box="[151,1436,953,974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFC272897FC3C" box="[151,1436,953,974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
15 (13’). Row of premental setae with an internal group of 3–4 smaller setae; labial palp with 8–9 crenations...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA5B1FC272897FC3C" ID-CoL="3XBXP" box="[1257,1436,953,974]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="imitans" subSpecies="imitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA5B1FC272897FC3C" box="[1257,1436,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. imitans imitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576C3D483771FFFCA1CFFC492890FBFB" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<keyLead id="EC229E7D3771FFFCA1CFFC492890FBFB" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">
|
||
15’. Row of premental setae with an internal group of 2, exceptionally 3, smaller setae; labial palp with 7, exceptionally 8, crenations...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90D346CB3771FFFCA5A1FC6A2890FBFB" ID-CoL="3XBY6" box="[1273,1435,1012,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Macrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudimitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="65A7E15A3771FFFCA5A1FC6A2890FBFB" box="[1273,1435,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="244">M. pseudimitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |