516 lines
65 KiB
XML
516 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="1CFCEC780D8C04E66BB481C100CB4874" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0faea31-14ed-4928-8994-3f5f1bc62f5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223479" ID-ZooBank="6C451EF6-DA2C-48EA-8CF1-4AFFF22198A9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460601299992" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kahn, Amanda S., Geller, Jonathan B., Reiswig, Henry M. & Smith, Kenneth L." docDate="2013" docId="03D187AAFF9CBA22E0DFFF05E796FE39" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03646p400.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3646 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Docosaccus maculatus Kahn, Geller, Reiswig & Smith, 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="397" masterDocId="FFE8FFD2FF9BBA29E048FF92E542FFCC" masterDocTitle="Bathydorus laniger and Docosaccus maculatus (Lyssacinosida; Hexactinellida): Two new species of glass sponge from the abyssal eastern North Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="386" pageNumber="393" updateTime="1698327501150" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0925D7A9F84BC08B225630922C483F24">Bathydorus laniger and Docosaccus maculatus (Lyssacinosida; Hexactinellida): Two new species of glass sponge from the abyssal eastern North Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="93E5D9C2E001198C84620E0A79AC655E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5346ADD78344FBD5596426B912548570">Kahn, Amanda S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="00DD525A002F6221538E14A11A9B865A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="685BC4A52AB3D1292E990321DAFF1F48">Geller, Jonathan B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F9919323CF64D8A16F2C0272AE918DA">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CF76DB444BBEE552A0C17CBB68ACA8E2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B833990A7BA3E20F85EAA36B77CB6DF6">Smith, Kenneth L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3456E9EB23BFD8C911B29533400634DB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="937A1B3854324044CF3575FEE1BE0A8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="52B36415EC3123FC5EF7C54BF97E664E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A83A72E4B0FC453084725CBF0D9F5452" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C3F24A59B5AB0F8B6D79BD99798B343B">3646</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4A285066BC314B8EC8EC6D4DE11E1DF4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="77837FF70AAD4E443072744646221E33">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="12C5CF07B7C6D8F211ABDCA77F8D475A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="69F7651D7F955D8407B205A1FB4F2A5F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3646.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D0E5156B727D0EA001E2578FEE08B920" type="Zenodo-Dep">223479</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="60321ABFDE2F3B6BA5D513C908E04B8E" type="ZooBank">6C451EF6-DA2C-48EA-8CF1-4AFFF22198A9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D187AAFF9CBA22E0DFFF05E796FE39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119567330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187AAFF9CBA22E0DFFF05E796FE39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187AAFF9CBA22E0DFFF05E796FE39" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9CBA2EE0DFFF05E425FF1E" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE0DFFF05E70BFF7D" blockId="7.[151,585,151,210]" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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<heading id="D08F81D0FF9CBA2EE0DFFF05E70BFF7D" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE0DFFF05E70BFF7D" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE0DFFF05E4F0FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,434,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9CBA2EE0DFFF05E4E9FF7D" ID-CoL="373B3" box="[151,427,151,177]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus" status="sp. nov.">Docosaccus maculatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF9CBA2EE1F1FF05E70BFF7D" box="[441,585,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE0DFFF28E425FF1E" blockId="7.[151,585,151,210]" box="[151,359,186,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13432A39FF9CBA2EE0D7FF28E442FF1E" box="[159,256,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStart-4="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1499,1522]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1624,1647]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1378,1401]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1237,1260]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,983,1478]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1401,193,1602]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,409,1356]" captionTargetBox-3="[172,1423,570,1903]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,193,1215]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,983,1478]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[169,1417,193,1603]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1357]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[151,1436,555,1922]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Docosaccus maculatus sp. n., whole body images of holotype. A. In situ photograph taken by ROV Tiburon. Atrial surface with black and white spots visible. Black spots are caused by shadows in holes that perforate the body (parietal oscula); white spots occur where anchoring spicule tufts are visible through the body. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface, fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, showing small papillae consisting of anchoring spicule bundles. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Diagram of spicule arrangement for Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. from Station M, California, USA. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom. Scale bar: 200 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Giant prostal hexactins crisscross through the thin body of the sponge, creating an unfused support structure for the plate-like sponge (A). Small distal rays project downward into sediments while reduced knobs project upward to the atrial surface of the sponge (B). Diactins bundle together with the distal ray to create anchoring spicule tufts (not shown). Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, 1 cm." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Spicule images of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (LM). A. Atrial pentactin. B. Choanosomal hexactin. C. Dermal hexactin. Scale bar (between Figures 8 a and 8 b): 200 µm. D – G. Oxyhexasters. Scale bar (between 8 d and 8 f): 50 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 9. Floricomes of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (SEM). A. Complete floricome. Scale bar: 50 µm. B. Close-up of floricome secondary rays. Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B, 10 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/223484/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/223485/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/223486/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/223487/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/223488/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Fig. 5–9</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6FA0307FF9CBA2EE144FF28E41DFF1E" box="[268,351,186,210]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,404,425]" captionTargetBox="[159,1362,483,1539]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule dimensions of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n., from Station M, California, USA excluding giant prostal hexactins (dimensions in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" tableUuid="DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9CBA2EE0DFFE91E075FE66" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE0DFFE91E6D1FEF2" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE0DFFE91E449FED7" bold="true" box="[151,267,259,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9CBA2EE0DFFE91E444FED7" box="[151,262,259,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Stored at SIO-BIC (P1539), coll. A. S. Kahn using MBARI
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE3E5FE91E100FED7" box="[941,1090,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
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, dive T1094 from
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE55AFE91E591FEF2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">R/V Western Flyer</emphasis>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF9CBA2EE0A8FEB4E47EFEF2" box="[224,316,294,318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.953" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" unit="m" value="3953.0">3,953 m</quantity>
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depth, Station M (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C507BFF9CBA2EE245FEB4E732FEF2" box="[525,624,294,318]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" precision="925" value="34.833332">34º50’N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C507BFF9CBA2EE233FEB4E7A1FEF2" box="[635,739,294,318]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" precision="925" value="-123.0">123º0’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
), 0
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||
<date id="FFC6107CFF9CBA2EE34DFEB4E6D2FEF2" box="[773,912,294,318]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" value="2007-06-05">5 June 2007</date>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE081FED8E075FE66" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE081FED8E4BFFEAF" bold="true" box="[201,509,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Other material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9CBA2EE24BFED9E736FEAF" box="[515,628,331,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
: CASIZ
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||
<date id="FFC6107CFF9CBA2EE29EFED8E66FFEAE" box="[726,813,330,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" value="80-04-19">190480</date>
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||
, coll. H. Ruhl using MBARI
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE43CFED9E04AFEAF" box="[1140,1288,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
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||
, dive T1143, from
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE09FFEFDE4E8FE4A" box="[215,426,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">R/V Western Flyer</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF9CBA2EE1F2FEFCE75BFE4A" box="[442,537,366,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" unit="m" value="4000.0">4,000 m</quantity>
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depth, Station M,
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<date id="FFC6107CFF9CBA2EE2BBFEFCE694FE4A" box="[755,982,366,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" value="2007-09-23">23 September 2007</date>
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; MBARI “Sponge 3”, coll. A. S. Kahn using MBARI
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<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE175FE01E491FE67" box="[317,467,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
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||
, dive 1094 from
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE2DCFE01E623FE67" box="[660,865,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">R/V Western Flyer</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF9CBA2EE327FE00E688FE66" box="[879,970,402,426]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" unit="m" value="4000.0">4,000 m</quantity>
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depth, Station M, 0
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<date id="FFC6107CFF9CBA2EE4E1FE00E076FE66" box="[1193,1332,402,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" value="2007-06-06">6 June 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9CBA2EE08FFE24E737FD92" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE08FFE24E737FD92" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE08FFE24E403FE03" bold="true" box="[199,321,438,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9CBA2EE100FE2AE492FE03" box="[328,464,440,463]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE100FE2AE492FE03" box="[328,464,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Docosaccus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
with dermal layer of rough hexactins and atrial layer of rough pentactins; microscleres oxyhexasters, oxyhemihexasters, and floricomes. Body shape flat, plate-like, with smooth margins (no marginal prostalia). Lophophytous mode of attachment, each anchoring spicule tuft with bundles of diactins surrounding a giant prostal hexactin. Dermal surface facing downward, toward the seafloor. Parietal oscula regularly scattered across the surface; color translucent white.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF9CBA23E08FFDF8E70BFEA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE08FFDF8E59CFC6E" blockId="7.[151,1437,258,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
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||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE08FFDF8E4A6FD4F" bold="true" box="[199,484,618,643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
|
||
Description of
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||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9CBA2EE13FFDF9E4A2FD4F" box="[375,480,619,643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF9CBA2EE1A3FDF8E711FD4E" box="[491,595,618,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13432A39FF9CBA2EE22BFDF8E7E7FD4E" box="[611,677,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1499,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,983,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,983,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Docosaccus maculatus sp. n., whole body images of holotype. A. In situ photograph taken by ROV Tiburon. Atrial surface with black and white spots visible. Black spots are caused by shadows in holes that perforate the body (parietal oscula); white spots occur where anchoring spicule tufts are visible through the body. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface, fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, showing small papillae consisting of anchoring spicule bundles. Scale bar: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223484/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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||
)
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF9CBA2EE2FEFDF8E652FD4E" box="[694,784,618,642]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" unit="cm" value="13.8">13.8 cm</quantity>
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||
diameter at longest axis,
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||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF9CBA2EE466FDF8E1C9FD4E" box="[1070,1163,618,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
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thick. The atrial surface is smooth, facing up away from seafloor, while the dermal surface shows several tufts of anchoring basalia, consisting of diactins surrounding a single, large distal ray of a prostal hexactin. Both surfaces have regular ostial or oscular apertures. Also scattered across the body are larger holes, parietal oscula,
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<quantity id="4C809B59FF9CBA2EE407FD44E186FD22" box="[1103,1220,726,750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, which perforate the entire body and appear as dark spots in photographs and ROV video. Both live and preserved specimens are translucent white, and in photographs appear to have white and black spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF9CBA2EE4DAFC8CE195FCFA" box="[1170,1239,798,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1499,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,983,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,983,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Docosaccus maculatus sp. n., whole body images of holotype. A. In situ photograph taken by ROV Tiburon. Atrial surface with black and white spots visible. Black spots are caused by shadows in holes that perforate the body (parietal oscula); white spots occur where anchoring spicule tufts are visible through the body. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface, fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, showing small papillae consisting of anchoring spicule bundles. Scale bar: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223484/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The black spots appear where parietal oscula perforate the sponge body while white spots appear where anchoring spicule tufts project from the dermal surface. Spicules are loosely arranged, resulting in a flexible, delicate texture that tears easily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF076634FF9CBA2EE0DFFA49E0D0F982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223484/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" targetBox="[151,1436,983,1478]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE0DFFA49E0D0F982" blockId="7.[151,1436,1499,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE0DFFA49E450FA3D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1499,1522]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF9CBA2EE150FA4FE742FA3E" box="[280,512,1500,1522]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE150FA4FE742FA3E" box="[280,512,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Docosaccus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF9CBA2EE24EFA4EE77CFA3D" box="[518,574,1500,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE24EFA4EE77CFA3D" bold="true" box="[518,574,1500,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whole body images of holotype. A.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE3FCFA4FE6B0FA3E" box="[948,1010,1501,1522]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
photograph taken by
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE486FA4FE016FA3E" box="[1230,1364,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">ROV Tiburon</emphasis>
|
||
. Atrial surface with black and white spots visible. Black spots are caused by shadows in holes that perforate the body (parietal oscula); white spots occur where anchoring spicule tufts are visible through the body. Credit: MBARI. B. Dermal surface, fouled to a beige color from sediment during collection, showing small papillae consisting of anchoring spicule bundles. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA2EE08FF9E4E7D3F845" blockId="7.[151,1437,1653,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF9CBA2EE08FF9E4E4FDF941" box="[199,447,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Lyssacine framework.</emphasis>
|
||
Framework is loose, resulting in a flexible but delicate structure that is easily broken. Moving from the dermal to the atrial surface, the outermost layer of the dermal surface has a single layer of swordshaped hexactins with tangential rays forming an unfused, lyssacine network (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF9CBA2EE452F92FE11DF919" box="[1050,1119,1725,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1624,1647]" captionTargetBox="[174,1401,193,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1417,193,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagram of spicule arrangement for Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. from Station M, California, USA. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223485/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
bottom). Proximal rays are much longer than the others, and project all the way through the choanosome to the atrial surface. Floricomes perch atop the distal ray of the hexactins. Below the dermal layer is a mesh of long diactins, generally pointing in all directions but sometimes forming bundles or tracts. Among the diactins are large, rough hexactins with even rays. Distal to the choanosome is the atrial membrane containing pentactins arranged with an overlapping network of tangential rays (summarized in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF9CBA2EE1B0F8E3E77BF845" box="[504,569,1905,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1624,1647]" captionTargetBox="[174,1401,193,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1417,193,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagram of spicule arrangement for Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. from Station M, California, USA. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223485/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
upper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF9CBA21E08FF807E6A6FF18" blockId="7.[151,1437,1653,2038]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,356]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="7" pageNumber="393">The channel system is compressed into just two millimeters of body thickness, yet contains circuitous channels distributing water flow through the body. Openings of inhalant canals are regularly spaced across the dermal surface (about 100 to 250 µm diameter), and openings of exhalant canals (oscula) are regularly spaced and visible on the atrial surface (150 to 500 µm diameter). Internal channels leading from inhalant canal apertures and oscula curve laterally and presumably branch and weave through the choanosome.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF93BA21E08FFF72E146FEA8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E08FFF72E46EFF34" box="[199,300,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule forms are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF93BA21E2D1FF4DE7A0FF3B" box="[665,738,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1624,1647]" captionTargetBox="[174,1401,193,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1417,193,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagram of spicule arrangement for Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. from Station M, California, USA. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom. Scale bar: 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223485/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
through
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF93BA21E31FFF4DE6DDFF3B" box="[855,927,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1237,1260]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Floricomes of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (SEM). A. Complete floricome. Scale bar: 50 µm. B. Close-up of floricome secondary rays. Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223488/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
and dimensions are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FA0307FF93BA21E573FF4DE0DAFF3B" box="[1339,1432,223,247]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,404,425]" captionTargetBox="[159,1362,483,1539]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule dimensions of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n., from Station M, California, USA excluding giant prostal hexactins (dimensions in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" tableUuid="DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Megascleres are hexactins of three varieties, rough atrial pentactins, and choanosomal and anchor-tuft diactins. Microscleres are oxyhexasters, oxyhemihexasters, and floricomes. The three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF93BA21E3B9FEBAE16EFE8C" box="[1009,1068,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of hexactins will be described as 1) giant prostal hexactins, 2) dermal hexactins, and 3) choanosomal hexactins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04" ID-Table-UUID="DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF076634FF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" targetBox="[159,1362,483,1539]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF93BA21E0DFFE06E488FE04" blockId="8.[151,1436,403,456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E0DFFE06E44AFE65" bold="true" box="[151,264,404,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF93BA21E24CFE07E7B2FE66" box="[516,752,404,426]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E24CFE07E7B2FE66" box="[516,752,404,426]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Docosaccus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E2B2FE06E674FE65" bold="true" box="[762,822,404,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF93BA21E2B2FE06E674FE65" box="[762,822,404,425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, from Station M, California, USA excluding giant prostal hexactins (dimensions in µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF93BA21E0D7FE77E05CF9CF" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<table id="F978C41CFF9345D6E0D7FE71E010F9CF" box="[159,1362,483,1539]" gridcols="5" gridrows="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FE71E010FE36" box="[159,1362,483,506]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FE71E4BDFE36" box="[159,511,483,506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">parameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FE71E7E3FE36" box="[616,673,483,506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFE71E61EFE36" box="[803,860,483,506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FE71E1C6FE36" box="[1017,1156,483,506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">range</th>
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFE71E010FE36" box="[1285,1362,483,506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">number</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FD9FE010FDEF" box="[159,1362,525,547]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FD9FE4BDFDEF" box="[159,511,525,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Megascleres</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FDA4E010FD80" box="[159,1362,566,588]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FDA4E4BDFD80" box="[159,511,566,588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Atrial pentactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FDF2E010FDBA" box="[159,1362,608,630]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FDF2E4BDFDBA" box="[159,511,608,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FDF2E7E3FDBA" box="[616,673,608,630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">326.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFDF2E61EFDBA" box="[803,860,608,630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">42.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FDF2E1C6FDBA" box="[1017,1156,608,630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">241.3–401.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFDF2E010FDBA" box="[1285,1362,608,630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FD1BE010FD53" box="[159,1362,649,671]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FD1BE4BDFD53" box="[159,511,649,671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FD1BE7E3FD53" box="[616,673,649,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">28.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFD1BE61EFD53" box="[803,860,649,671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FD1BE1C6FD53" box="[1017,1156,649,671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">21.3–37.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFD1BE010FD53" box="[1285,1362,649,671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FD20E010FD04" box="[159,1362,690,712]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FD20E4BDFD04" box="[159,511,690,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FD20E7E3FD04" box="[616,673,690,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">653.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFD20E61EFD04" box="[803,860,690,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">139.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FD20E1C6FD04" box="[1017,1156,690,712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">426.6–880.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFD20E010FD04" box="[1285,1362,690,712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FD49E010FD3E" box="[159,1362,731,754]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FD49E4BDFD3E" box="[159,511,731,754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FD49E7E3FD3E" box="[616,673,731,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">29.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFD49E61EFD3E" box="[803,860,731,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FD49E1C6FD3E" box="[1017,1156,731,754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">24.6–36.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFD49E010FD3E" box="[1285,1362,731,754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FC97E010FCD7" box="[159,1362,773,795]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FC97E4BDFCD7" box="[159,511,773,795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Choanosomal hexactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FCBCE010FC88" box="[159,1362,814,836]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FCBCE4BDFC88" box="[159,511,814,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FCBCE7E3FC88" box="[616,673,814,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">180.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFCBCE61EFC88" box="[803,860,814,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">107.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FCBCE1C6FC88" box="[1017,1156,814,836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">56.7–596.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFCBCE010FC88" box="[1285,1362,814,836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FCCAE010FCA2" box="[159,1362,856,878]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FCCAE4BDFCA2" box="[159,511,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FCCAE7E3FCA2" box="[616,673,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFCCAE61EFCA2" box="[803,860,856,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FCCAE1C6FCA2" box="[1017,1156,856,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">2.8–30.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFCCAE010FCA2" box="[1285,1362,856,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FC13E010FC5B" box="[159,1362,897,919]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FC13E4BDFC5B" box="[159,511,897,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Dermal hexactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FC38E010FC0C" box="[159,1362,938,960]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FC38E4BDFC0C" box="[159,511,938,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FC38E7E3FC0C" box="[616,673,938,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">340.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFC38E61EFC0C" box="[803,860,938,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">68.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FC38E1C6FC0C" box="[1017,1156,938,960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">195.0–466.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFC38E010FC0C" box="[1285,1362,938,960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FC41E010FC26" box="[159,1362,979,1002]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FC41E4BDFC26" box="[159,511,979,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FC41E7E3FC26" box="[616,673,979,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">20.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFC41E61EFC26" box="[803,860,979,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FC41E1C6FC26" box="[1017,1156,979,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">8.9–31.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFC41E010FC26" box="[1285,1362,979,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FC6FE010FBDF" box="[159,1362,1021,1043]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FC6FE4BDFBDF" box="[159,511,1021,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FC6FE7E3FBDF" box="[616,673,1021,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">596.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFC6FE61EFBDF" box="[803,860,1021,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">164.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FC6FE1C6FBDF" box="[1017,1156,1021,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">356.5–1134.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFC6FE010FBDF" box="[1285,1362,1021,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FBB4E010FBF0" box="[159,1362,1062,1084]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FBB4E4BDFBF0" box="[159,511,1062,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FBB4E7E3FBF0" box="[616,673,1062,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">22.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFBB4E61EFBF0" box="[803,860,1062,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FBB4E1C6FBF0" box="[1017,1156,1062,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">10.7–37.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFBB4E010FBF0" box="[1285,1362,1062,1084]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FBC2E010FBAA" box="[159,1362,1104,1126]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FBC2E4BDFBAA" box="[159,511,1104,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">distal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FBC2E7E3FBAA" box="[616,673,1104,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">141.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFBC2E61EFBAA" box="[803,860,1104,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">38.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FBC2E1C6FBAA" box="[1017,1156,1104,1126]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">66.2–232.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFBC2E010FBAA" box="[1285,1362,1104,1126]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FBEBE010FB43" box="[159,1362,1145,1167]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FBEBE4BDFB43" box="[159,511,1145,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">distal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FBEBE7E3FB43" box="[616,673,1145,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">20.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFBEBE61EFB43" box="[803,860,1145,1167]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FBEBE1C6FB43" box="[1017,1156,1145,1167]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">10.4–32.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFBEBE010FB43" box="[1285,1362,1145,1167]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FB30E010FB74" box="[159,1362,1186,1208]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FB30E4BDFB74" box="[159,511,1186,1208]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Microscleres</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FB59E010FB2D" box="[159,1362,1227,1249]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FB59E4BDFB2D" box="[159,511,1227,1249]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Oxyhemihexasters & oxyhexasters</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FB67E010FAC7" box="[159,1362,1269,1291]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FB67E4BDFAC7" box="[159,511,1269,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FB67E7E3FAC7" box="[616,673,1269,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">79.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFB67E61EFAC7" box="[803,860,1269,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FB67E1C6FAC7" box="[1017,1156,1269,1291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">63.2–93.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFB67E010FAC7" box="[1285,1362,1269,1291]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FA8CE010FAF8" box="[159,1362,1310,1332]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FA8CE4BDFAF8" box="[159,511,1310,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">primary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FA8CE7E3FAF8" box="[616,673,1310,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFA8CE61EFAF8" box="[803,860,1310,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FA8CE1C6FAF8" box="[1017,1156,1310,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">4.1–10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFA8CE010FAF8" box="[1285,1362,1310,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FADAE010FA92" box="[159,1362,1352,1374]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FADAE4BDFA92" box="[159,511,1352,1374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">secondary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FADAE7E3FA92" box="[616,673,1352,1374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">31.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFADAE61EFA92" box="[803,860,1352,1374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FADAE1C6FA92" box="[1017,1156,1352,1374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">24.3–41.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFADAE010FA92" box="[1285,1362,1352,1374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FAE3E010FA4B" box="[159,1362,1393,1415]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FAE3E4BDFA4B" box="[159,511,1393,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Floricome</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FA08E010FA7C" box="[159,1362,1434,1456]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FA08E4BDFA7C" box="[159,511,1434,1456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FA08E7E3FA7C" box="[616,673,1434,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">79.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFA08E61EFA7C" box="[803,860,1434,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FA08E1C6FA7C" box="[1017,1156,1434,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">63.2–93.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFA08E010FA7C" box="[1285,1362,1434,1456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FA51E010FA16" box="[159,1362,1475,1498]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FA51E4BDFA16" box="[159,511,1475,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">primary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FA51E7E3FA16" box="[616,673,1475,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFA51E61EFA16" box="[803,860,1475,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FA51E1C6FA16" box="[1017,1156,1475,1498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">5.2–11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFA51E010FA16" box="[1285,1362,1475,1498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354834FEFF9345D6E0D7FA7FE010F9CF" box="[159,1362,1517,1539]" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<th id="76995D82FF9345D6E0D7FA7FE4BDF9CF" box="[159,511,1517,1539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">secondary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E220FA7FE7E3F9CF" box="[616,673,1517,1539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">43.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E36BFA7FE61EF9CF" box="[803,860,1517,1539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E3B1FA7FE1C6F9CF" box="[1017,1156,1517,1539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">28.4–51.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76995D82FF9345D6E54DFA7FE010F9CF" box="[1285,1362,1517,1539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF93BA21E081F9D5E771F8FB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1607,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Giant prostal hexactins are smooth, with no spines along the entire length. A single giant prostal hexactin was found in each anchoring spicule tuft; the sinuous, thickened distal ray protrudes down into the sediments along with a bundle of diactins. The distal, anchoring ray and one tangential ray running through the choanosome are of similar dimensions (21-
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E1EDF921E483F900" bold="true" box="[421,449,1715,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">25</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF93BA21E181F926E75FF900" box="[457,541,1716,1740]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, min-
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E228F926E7E3F900" bold="true" box="[608,673,1716,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">mean</emphasis>
|
||
-max, n=4). Though not oriented in any regular direction, the long tangential ray overlaps with those of other giant hexactins and reinforces structure throughout the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF93BA21E50FF945E0CFF923" box="[1351,1421,1751,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1378,1401]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,409,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1357]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Giant prostal hexactins crisscross through the thin body of the sponge, creating an unfused support structure for the plate-like sponge (A). Small distal rays project downward into sediments while reduced knobs project upward to the atrial surface of the sponge (B). Diactins bundle together with the distal ray to create anchoring spicule tufts (not shown). Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223486/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two other tangential rays are smaller (4-
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF93BA21E228F969E7C1F8D8" bold="true" box="[608,643,1787,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">7.2</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF93BA21E2C3F96EE79CF8D8" box="[651,734,1788,1812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=4) while the final tangential and proximal rays are rounded swellings of about 100 µm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF93BA21E081F8D6E79DF805" blockId="8.[151,1436,1607,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">
|
||
The sword-shaped dermal hexactins form a network of overlapping tangential rays, with longer proximal rays pointing into the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF93BA21E1BAF8F5E774F8B3" box="[498,566,1895,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[172,1423,570,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,555,1922]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spicule images of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (LM). A. Atrial pentactin. B. Choanosomal hexactin. C. Dermal hexactin. Scale bar (between Figures 8 a and 8 b): 200 µm. D – G. Oxyhexasters. Scale bar (between 8 d and 8 f): 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223487/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="394">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
c). These hexactins are covered with small spines; tangential rays are covered evenly while the proximal ray has more spines near the center and fewer at the tip. The distal ray is also covered with spines, and tapers to a point like the other rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF076634FF92BA20E0DFF9CAE113F941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="395" targetBox="[174,1401,193,1602]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF92BA20E0DFF9CAE113F941" blockId="9.[151,1436,1624,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF92BA20E0DFF9CAE457F9A2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1624,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagram of spicule arrangement for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF92BA20E2D2F9C8E6C7F9A2" box="[666,901,1624,1647]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="395" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF92BA20E2D2F9C8E6C7F9A2" box="[666,901,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">Docosaccus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF92BA20E3C5F9CBE68BF9A2" bold="true" box="[909,969,1625,1646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF92BA20E3C5F9CBE68BF9A2" box="[909,969,1625,1646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Station M, California, USA. The atrial surface is at the top of the image while the dermal surface is at the bottom. Scale bar: 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF92BA20E081F926E44AF8D8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1716,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">
|
||
Choanosomal hexactins are covered with spines evenly throughout the length of the six cylindrical, pointed rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF92BA20E090F94AE45CF93C" box="[216,286,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[172,1423,570,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,555,1922]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spicule images of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (LM). A. Atrial pentactin. B. Choanosomal hexactin. C. Dermal hexactin. Scale bar (between Figures 8 a and 8 b): 200 µm. D – G. Oxyhexasters. Scale bar (between 8 d and 8 f): 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223487/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Rays of choanosomal hexactins are of roughly equal size, unlike those of the dermal and giant hexactins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF92BA20E081F8B2E004F84C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1716,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">
|
||
Atrial pentactins form a network of overlapping tangential rays, with proximal rays pointing into the choanosome. Pentactins are rough with spines, but the spines are not as large as those of the dermal hexactins. Tangential rays are straight, while the proximal ray is either straight or bent slightly near the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF92BA20E4AFF8FAE06BF84C" box="[1255,1321,1896,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[172,1423,570,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,555,1922]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spicule images of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (LM). A. Atrial pentactin. B. Choanosomal hexactin. C. Dermal hexactin. Scale bar (between Figures 8 a and 8 b): 200 µm. D – G. Oxyhexasters. Scale bar (between 8 d and 8 f): 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223487/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF92BA23E081F81EE70BFEA8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1716,2029]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="9" pageNumber="395">
|
||
Microscleres include oxyhexasters, oxyhemihexasters, and floricomes. Full oxyhexasters with all six primary rays bearing two or more secondary rays are the most common form, but oxyhemihexasters with at least one set of multiple secondary rays (1–3 secondary rays for each primary ray) are also present. Both oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters are smooth, with short primary rays and tapering secondary rays that end in pointed (oxyoidal) tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF91BA23E098FF2EE451FF18" box="[208,275,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[172,1423,570,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,555,1922]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spicule images of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (LM). A. Atrial pentactin. B. Choanosomal hexactin. C. Dermal hexactin. Scale bar (between Figures 8 a and 8 b): 200 µm. D – G. Oxyhexasters. Scale bar (between 8 d and 8 f): 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
d through
|
||
<quantity id="4C809B59FF91BA23E1C2FF2EE4EAFF18" box="[394,424,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
|
||
). They are found scattered throughout the sponge, from just below the dermal surface to the atrial membrane. Floricomes are found in the dermal membrane perched atop the distal rays of dermal hexactins. They have 9–12 S-shaped secondary rays radiating from each short primary ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A39FF91BA23E4DBFE96E195FED0" box="[1171,1239,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1237,1260]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Floricomes of Docosaccus maculatus sp. n. (SEM). A. Complete floricome. Scale bar: 50 µm. B. Close-up of floricome secondary rays. Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223488/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each secondary ray is roughened with small spines on the concave part of the distal curve, and widens to a flattened, eccentric toothed claw at the end with 4–6 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF076634FF91BA23E0DFFAF0E42AFA19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223486/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" targetBox="[151,1435,409,1356]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF91BA23E0DFFAF0E42AFA19" blockId="10.[151,1437,1378,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E0DFFAF0E450FAB4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1378,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Giant prostal hexactins crisscross through the thin body of the sponge, creating an unfused support structure for the plate-like sponge (A). Small distal rays project downward into sediments while reduced knobs project upward to the atrial surface of the sponge (B). Diactins bundle together with the distal ray to create anchoring spicule tufts (not shown). Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF91BA23E08FF990E17BF8DA" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF91BA23E08FF990E7F6F9AD" blockId="10.[151,1436,1537,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E08FF990E40CF9D6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1538,1562]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF91BA23E260F990E7D9F9D6" box="[552,667,1538,1562]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E260F990E7D9F9D6" box="[552,667,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, refers to the white and dark spots that appear through ROV video
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E5CEF991E5FDF9F2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
. Parietal oscula perforating the entire body wall appear as dark spots while tufts of anchoring basalia, viewed through the atrial surface, appear as white spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF91BA23E081F9FFE17BF8DA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1537,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E081F9FFE4D2F94A" bold="true" box="[201,400,1645,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Gene sequences.</emphasis>
|
||
Ribosomal DNA from 18S, 28S, and 16S, plus mitochondrial COI were amplified and sequenced from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF91BA23E1C0F903E4A8F965" box="[392,490,1681,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the same two previously published molecular phylogenies as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF91BA23E553F900E5AAF902" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E553F900E5AAF902" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Bathydorus laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dohrmann et al. 2009, 2012), where they were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF91BA23E3FEF925E17FF902" box="[950,1085,1719,1742]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E3FEF925E17FF902" box="[950,1085,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Docosaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57D5FF91BA23E40EF925E1C3F902" box="[1094,1153,1718,1742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
DNA vouchers from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C3881EFF91BA23E0DFF94BE5BBF93D" box="[151,249,1753,1777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were deposited into the collection of G. Wörheide, voucher number GW5429. GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF91BA23E0B6F96CE43BF8DA" box="[254,377,1790,1814]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FM946116" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">FM946116</accessionNumber>
|
||
(18S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF91BA23E185F96DE70DF8DA" box="[461,591,1790,1814]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FM946115" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">FM 946115</accessionNumber>
|
||
(28S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF91BA23E2EAF96CE65CF8DA" box="[674,798,1790,1814]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FM946105" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">FM946105</accessionNumber>
|
||
(16S),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942BAB5FFF91BA23E339F96CE6AAF8DA" box="[881,1000,1790,1814]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FR848934" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">FR848934</accessionNumber>
|
||
(COI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF91BA22E08FF8B3E15FFEA8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF91BA22E08FF8B3E15FFEA8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1537,2030]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E08FF8B3E42EF8F6" bold="true" box="[199,364,1825,1850]" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
To our knowledge, this species has not been reported from elsewhere in the world. Its only congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF91BA23E143F8D5E7F0F892" authority="Topsent, 1910" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1910" box="[267,690,1862,1886]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ancoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E143F8D5E74BF892" box="[267,521,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Docosaccus ancoratus</emphasis>
|
||
Topsent, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is found frequently but appears to be endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F762CFF91BA23E4ABF8D4E009F892" box="[1251,1355,1862,1886]" name="Antarctica" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters (Barthel & Tendal 1994). The unique giant hexactin identifies the two species as closely related and belonging to the same genus, but geographic distribution and spicule composition confirm that they are different species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF91BA23E0DFF821E4DAF806" box="[151,408,1970,1994]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E0DFF821E4DAF806" box="[151,408,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">Docosaccus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an atrial membrane supported by pentactins while the atrial membrane of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF91BA23E541F821E0DEF806" box="[1289,1436,1971,1994]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="396" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ancoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF91BA23E541F821E0DEF806" box="[1289,1436,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="396">D. ancoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by hexactins. Oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters are much thicker in the Pacific species, appearing much more delicate in the figures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E27CFF0BE785FF7C" box="[564,711,153,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ancoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E27CFF0BE785FF7C" box="[564,711,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">D. ancoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by Topsent (1913). The dermal hexactins have pointed distal rays in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E167FF2FE487FF18" box="[303,453,188,212]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E167FF2FE487FF18" box="[303,453,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">D. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while they appear rounded into a spined swelling in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F762CFF90BA22E406FF2EE1F4FF18" box="[1102,1206,188,212]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
species. Finally, the anchoring tufts are different between the two species. The diactins surrounding the giant hexactins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E54FFF73E0D9FF34" box="[1287,1435,224,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E54FFF73E0D9FF34" box="[1287,1435,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">D. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are straight and smooth with unevenly tapering tips while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E3C4FE97E162FED0" box="[908,1056,261,284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ancoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E3C4FE97E162FED0" box="[908,1056,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">D. ancoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are covered with spines recurved back toward the body and ends that look like grappling hooks (Topsent 1910, 1913). These differences confirm that the NE Pacific form is a new species, here designated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E35CFEDFE154FEA8" box="[788,1046,332,356]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E35CFEDFE154FEA8" box="[788,1046,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">Docosaccus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3626537FF90BA22E081FEE2E796FE39" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC736BCFF90BA22E081FEE2E796FE39" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E081FEE2E47FFE44" bold="true" box="[201,317,368,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E18FFEE3E70CFE44" box="[455,590,369,392]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E18FFEE3E70CFE44" box="[455,590,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">Docosaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered to be endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F762CFF90BA22E397FEFDE105FE4B" box="[991,1095,367,391]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters (Downey
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E55DFEE3E012FE44" box="[1301,1360,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012) until discovery of this plate sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D3FFF90BA22E262FE07E66EFE60" box="[554,812,404,428]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Docosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="397" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAAEFF90BA22E262FE07E66EFE60" box="[554,812,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="397">Docosaccus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in temperate Pacific waters. Given the sparse nature of existing sampling of deep-sea habitats, exact distributions of neither the genus nor the species can be estimated, but overall this species expands the range of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |