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<document id="9E5845908E6B39E99F38F31892463203" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140" ID-CLB-Dataset="32975" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.583183" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583183" ID-ZooBank="2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495696370209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jong, Rienk De" docDate="2017" docId="03AA87D3285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFD2BB431" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4270 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Praepapilio gracilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF93FFAB2840FFD7F767FF87FFA3B03E" masterDocTitle="Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698439901205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FF3FCD2FF70492F344BA9AFD4622CAB8">Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="934D089986628DC56F27EFD7D3DED562">Jong, Rienk De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="86DAB6D6542D8C9BD4525AEFCC3A9F86">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="9B6A602D622A57866C46D6098A1CC26C" type="CLB-Dataset">32975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E72892717C0D4711CB28D02178B06F92" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.583183</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87D3285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFD2BB431" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046983" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6046983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D3285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFD2BB431" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D3285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFD2BB431" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="C319654E285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFE88B229" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFCA3B1EC" blockId="28.[151,768,440,466]" box="[151,768,440,466]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0F481A9285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFCA3B1EC" bold="true" box="[151,768,440,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFCA3B1EC" bold="true" box="[151,768,440,466]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFF54B1EC" bold="true" box="[151,247,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFF57B1EC" box="[151,244,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF798FE3FFCA3B1EC" authority="Durden &amp; Rose, 1978" authorityName="Durden &amp; Rose" authorityYear="1978" box="[255,768,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF798FE3FFE4FB1EC" bold="true" box="[255,492,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Praepapilio gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34285CFFCBF694FE3FFCA3B1EC" author="Durden" box="[499,768,440,466]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Durden, C. J. &amp; Rose, H. (1978) Butterflies from the Middle Miocene: the earliest occurrence of fossil Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera). Pearce-Sellards Series, 29, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1978">Durden &amp; Rose, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7F0FE79FE88B229" blockId="28.[151,1437,510,1039]" box="[151,299,510,535]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF7F0FE79FE84B229" box="[151,295,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Papilionidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319654E285CFFCBF7A0FDA4FD2BB431" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7A0FDA4FC43B204" blockId="28.[151,1437,510,1039]" box="[199,992,546,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3C98285CFFCBF7A0FDA4FC43B204" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739251" box="[199,992,546,571]" country="United States of America" county="Rio Blanco Co." location="Ray Dome" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
<collectingCountry id="F3147655285CFFCBF7A0FDA4FEA1B205" box="[199,258,547,571]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF66AFDA5FEDBB205" box="[269,376,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
<collectingRegion id="49C7F827285CFFCBF66AFDA5FEDBB205" box="[269,376,546,571]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colorado</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
,
<location id="8EDC601E285CFFCBF6E4FDA4FE5DB204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D3285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFD2BB431:8EDC601E285CFFCBF6E4FDA4FE5DB204" box="[387,510,547,571]" country="United States of America" county="Rio Blanco Co." name="Ray Dome" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Colorado">Ray Dome</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E49285CFFCBF56DFDA5FD19B205" box="[522,698,546,571]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rio Blanco Co.</collectingCounty>
; Lutetian, middle Eocene.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7A0FDC1FE90B2BD" blockId="28.[151,1437,510,1039]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3C98285CFFCBF7A0FDC1FE90B2BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739257" collectionCode="BHM" country="United States of America" location="Depositories" municipality="Hugh Rose" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="New Hampshire" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EDC601E285CFFCBF7A0FDC1FEFAB261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D3285CFFCBF7F0FE3FFD2BB431:8EDC601E285CFFCBF7A0FDC1FEFAB261" box="[199,345,582,607]" country="United States of America" municipality="Hugh Rose" name="Depositories" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="New Hampshire">Depositories</location>
: private collection
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8ACBF285CFFCBF52EFDC1FD71B260" box="[585,722,582,607]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hugh Rose</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C7F827285CFFCBF581FDC0FC0AB261" box="[742,937,582,607]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
New
<collectingRegion id="49C7F827285CFFCBF44CFDC1FC0AB261" box="[811,937,582,607]" country="United Kingdom" name="Hampshire" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hampshire</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3147655285CFFCBF4DAFDC0FC56B261" box="[957,1013,583,607]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="54B88867285CFFCBF36AFDC1FBD0B261" box="[1037,1139,582,607]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 2a);
<collectionCode id="ED12AE00285CFFCBF3A4FDC0FAA0B260" box="[1219,1283,583,606]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zdvs-x22y" name="Black Hills Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">BHM</collectionCode>
(counterpart
<typeStatus id="54B88867285CFFCBF7F0FDEDFF5FB2BD" box="[151,252,618,643]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 2b).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7A0FD09FBFFB299" blockId="28.[151,1437,510,1039]" box="[199,1116,654,679]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Published figures:
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34285CFFCBF6FEFD09FCF4B299" author="Durden" box="[409,855,654,679]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Durden, C. J. &amp; Rose, H. (1978) Butterflies from the Middle Miocene: the earliest occurrence of fossil Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera). Pearce-Sellards Series, 29, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1978">
Durden &amp; Rose (1978:
<figureCitation id="13382A40285CFFCBF5C7FD09FD44B299" box="[672,743,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,420,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,409,1627]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Apomorphies, their placement on a tree, and the assignment of calibration points. See text for explanation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583185/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13382A40285CFFCBF594FD08FCA2B299" box="[755,769,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 4" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,840,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1438,828,1788]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 4. Wing venation of (A) Pareronia Bingham, 1907 (Pieridae), and (B) Hasora Moore, 1881 (Hesperiidae). See text for explanation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583186/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3</figureCitation>
6C–D)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34285CFFCBF404FD08FBFBB299" author="Murata" box="[867,1112,654,679]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Murata, Y. (1998) Notes on the evolutionary process of butterflies and butterfly fossils. Butterflies, 20 (part 1 &amp; 2), 4 - 17 &amp; 27 - 40. [in Japanese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1998">
Murata (1998:
<figureCitation id="13382A40285CFFCBF36CFD09FBEDB299" box="[1035,1102,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 4" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,840,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[154,1438,828,1788]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 4. Wing venation of (A) Pareronia Bingham, 1907 (Pieridae), and (B) Hasora Moore, 1881 (Hesperiidae). See text for explanation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583186/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7A0FD35FA8FB3F9" blockId="28.[151,1437,510,1039]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF625FD35FD95B2F5" box="[322,566,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF625FD35FD95B2F5" box="[322,566,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Praepapilio colorado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less well preserved, large parts of the wings (e.g., the important apical part of the forewing) missing. The forewing length is smaller, estimated as
<quantity id="4CFB9B20285CFFCBF37AFD51FB25B2D0" box="[1053,1158,726,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.26" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="32.6">32.6 mm</quantity>
of which the supposed precision is noted, although the apical part of the wing is missing. Moreover, it is of more slender built than
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF2E0FD7BFF5FB309" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF2E0FD7BFF5FB309" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. colorado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Possibly a female: the authors record a possible sphragis. Of the radial system of the forewing, only R1 and R2, and part of R3 visible. The area where R4 and possibly R5 should branch off, is missing. The terminal quarter or third of the hindwing is missing, such that the lobed shape depicted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34285CFFCBF309FCE1FADEB341" author="Durden" box="[1134,1405,870,895]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Durden, C. J. &amp; Rose, H. (1978) Butterflies from the Middle Miocene: the earliest occurrence of fossil Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera). Pearce-Sellards Series, 29, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1978">Durden &amp; Rose (1978)</bibRefCitation>
is speculative. For the rest of the wing, the venation is like
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF470FC0BFC3BB39D" box="[791,920,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF470FC0BFC3BB39D" box="[791,920,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. colorado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Apart from size and shape, the present fossil differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF643FC28FE07B3F9" box="[292,420,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF643FC28FE07B3F9" box="[292,420,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. colorado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in pattern, prompting
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B34285CFFCBF5F8FC29FC02B3F9" author="Durden" box="[671,929,942,967]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Durden, C. J. &amp; Rose, H. (1978) Butterflies from the Middle Miocene: the earliest occurrence of fossil Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera). Pearce-Sellards Series, 29, 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1978">Durden &amp; Rose (1978)</bibRefCitation>
to describe it as a separate species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36C5285CFFCBF7A0FC55FD2BB431" blockId="28.[151,1437,510,1039]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Since the fossil is apparently closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C034D46285CFFCBF597FC55FC46B3D5" box="[752,997,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Praepapilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colorado">
<emphasis id="B977EAD7285CFFCBF597FC55FC46B3D5" box="[752,997,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Praepapilio colorado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is of the same age but less well preserved, it is not important for calibration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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