plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/AA/87/03AA87B3FFCA350DFF79FF4026ECDD88.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

151 lines
17 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="92A19577C7AB5C0F5C5B6D5DBD9AEF0B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFCA350DFF79FF4026ECDD88" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratrichia Butler 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="313" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="313" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="FFB3B606FE43597DDD882C4376A2F8B8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="998E8BCB41C8EF0EC0481C0ECDEE3414">
<mods:title id="4EBBCC5C0F89B54ECF0265E8FB58843A">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="464F055E229A5E04DBE9FCA97CC335F8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F2872CF0CEDE8C927F5F188795FD1C0B">
<mods:roleTerm id="295E613F2ECAFE72290329012B85CB69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D2C225835B140A6714BAFC621A37A460">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="397A3ECDC2F60B18C64FB46FC0ED8753" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F0E06F6042B8601BA792C00A2C964E3E">
<mods:roleTerm id="8EF7B389C5904EAB45F279DC3A5B6662">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2F974F17172E319676123C680EC52FC8">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D29FEEFC086A161F54CFB40274151A5E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2C715EBD31F519D6B6ABF78A0D22D2F9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6D2ED59A6EFE9BA417AB78FECD843475">
<mods:title id="D86BABB8A12C989B87032F2CD2D81BBA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C45B5BA66E655B395B2A721E8E61AF67">
<mods:date id="BCAA1102703CFA32B437E40F29602661">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1279A922BC0201F2F39568F831D39A94" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1847F6FBC1C70A6759749F0EE883FF90">3872</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A5AB4FBA3FE4E8D2E98382BEFC8AE6EC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="442CE1B76FBCA39691E0E8F81BC4567B">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="93A91BBC9FDC4C58504542E082C396CE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0A0676D526A96AE4BAD9AE32A2458A92">301</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2F21490DF840B1A4E336ADEA0347D1BB">354</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="DB48E3DB31394A9D03870712CE21B58D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CBA22525976D2A48C6D325A8BC5E9CF8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="154CCE1068F27BB246C71E0FC83292DB" type="GBIF-Dataset">3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9D23670FD0F367B90AAFD78D9FB43A13" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BF7634DF01152F5D6C5F2CA5BD54657E" type="Zenodo-Dep">251860</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C017C66B3D7DCF66C937D6660A2E6C48" type="ZooBank">8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03AA87B3FFCA350DFF79FF4026ECDD88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680976" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFCA350DFF79FF4026ECDD88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFCA350DFF79FF4026ECDD88" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
<subSubSection id="C319652EFFCA350DFF79FF4026ECDD88" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCA350DFF79FF4027CEDFD5" blockId="12.[151,461,152,178]" box="[151,461,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
<heading id="D0F481C9FFCA350DFF79FF4027CEDFD5" bold="true" box="[151,461,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFF79FF4027CEDFD5" ID-CoL="924YX" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,461,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFF79FF4027CEDFD5" bold="true" box="[151,461,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFF79FF402721DFD5" bold="true" box="[151,290,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ceratrichia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFEC6FF4027CEDFD5" author="Butler" box="[296,461,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870 a) Catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum. London, Taylor and Francis, v + 303 pp., 3 pls. [&quot; 1869 &quot;]" type="book" year="1870" yearSuffix="a">Butler, 1870a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCA350DFF79FF0626EADD5C" blockId="12.[151,1436,222,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
This is a relatively large genus of about 20 species, restricted to the Afrotropical region. Due to the variability of species and the marked sexual dimorphism in some species, there has been considerable confusion regarding this genus in the past (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFE88FEFE27EADE58" author="Riley" box="[358,489,294,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Riley, N. D. (1925) Notes on the genus Ceratrichia (Lep., Hesperiidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 405 - 416. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932508633328" type="journal article" year="1925">Riley 1925</bibRefCitation>
). The treatments by
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFD3DFEFE2560DE58" author="Riley" box="[723,867,294,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Riley, N. D. (1925) Notes on the genus Ceratrichia (Lep., Hesperiidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 405 - 416. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932508633328" type="journal article" year="1925">Riley (1925)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFC72FEFF2235DE58" author="Evans" box="[924,1078,295,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
, however, have remained fairly stable for many years.
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFE4DFE92248CDE04" box="[419,655,330,355]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Collins, S. C., Larsen, T. B. &amp; Warren-Gash, H. (2004) Notes on Afrotropical butterflies with the description of eleven new species and four new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) - ABRI Research Paper No. 3. Metamorphosis, 14 (3), 63 - 110. [' 2003 ']" type="journal article">
Collins
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFE10FE942430DE04" box="[510,563,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
made some adjustments, and recently
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFBBBFE9322F4DE04" author="Larsen" box="[1109,1271,331,355]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2013) Ceratricula and Flandria - two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis )) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler. Zootaxa, 3666 (4), 476 - 488. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3666.4.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Larsen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
removed four species to his new genera
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFE55FEB6243DDEE0" box="[443,574,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ceratricula</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFD9BFEB624DADEE0" box="[629,729,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Flandria</emphasis>
, for which there is no information on their early stages or food plants.
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFF02FE4B278DDECC" author="Larsen" box="[236,398,403,427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2013) Ceratricula and Flandria - two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis )) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler. Zootaxa, 3666 (4), 476 - 488. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3666.4.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Larsen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
recognised four principal colour patterns of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFC71FE4A2221DECC" box="[927,1058,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFC71FE4A2221DECC" box="[927,1058,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFB81FE4B22CFDECC" box="[1135,1228,402,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFB81FE4B22CFDECC" box="[1135,1228,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFB06FE4B2365DECC" box="[1256,1382,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phocion">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFB06FE4B2365DECC" box="[1256,1382,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. phocion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFA6CFE4B26E1DEA8" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nothus">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFA6CFE4B26E1DEA8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. nothus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-, and
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFEDFFE6F27DEDEA9" box="[305,477,439,462]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosticta">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFEDFFE6F27DEDEA9" box="[305,477,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. argyrosticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-groups), but found their genitalia very uniform.
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFBF1FE6E26D8DE95" authority="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semlikensis">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFBF1FE6E232EDEA8" box="[1055,1325,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ceratrichia semlikensis</emphasis>
Joicey &amp; Talbot
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFF00FE022725DE94" box="[238,294,474,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFF00FE022725DE94" box="[238,294,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group) is treated below (
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFCA350DFDA2FE0224B2DE94" box="[588,689,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[150,1426,285,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[141,1426,285,1720]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Adults of Ceratrichia semlikensis, Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 1, at rest, 22 Sep 1991; 2, male sunbathing, 17 Jun 1991; 3, female sunbathing, 1 Jul 1990." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251869/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Figure 9</figureCitation>
), while living adult representatives of the three other groups are shown in
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFCA350DFEEAFE262767DD70" box="[260,356,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,966,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,964,1953]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Adult Ceratrichia spp. 1 – 2, C. phocion, Forêt de Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 4 Dec 1988; 3, C. brunnea, Kakamega Forest, Kenya, 19 Jul 1990; 4, C. mabirensis, Kakamega Forest, Kenya, 31 Aug 1995." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251868/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Figure 8</figureCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFE9EFE2727E8DD70" box="[368,491,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phocion">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFE9EFE2727E8DD70" box="[368,491,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. phocion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFE17FE272525DD70" authority="Bethune-Baker" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" box="[505,806,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFE17FE272475DD70" box="[505,630,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. brunnea</emphasis>
Bethune-Baker
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFCD9FE2725A1DD70" box="[823,930,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nothus">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFCD9FE2725A1DD70" box="[823,930,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. nothus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group),
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFBEAFE2722E0DD70" authority="Riley" authorityName="Riley" box="[1028,1251,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mabirensis">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFBEAFE27229DDD70" box="[1028,1182,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. mabirensis</emphasis>
Riley
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFB05FE272390DD71" box="[1259,1427,511,534]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrosticta">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFB05FE272390DD71" box="[1259,1427,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">C. argyrosticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFCA350DFF29FD9F26ECDD88" blockId="12.[151,1436,222,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">
No food plant records had been published, until
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFCA350DFD06FD9F2585DD38" author="Larsen" box="[744,902,582,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Vols. 1. &amp; 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
reported MJWC’s observation that
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFAF7FD9E2714DDE4" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semlikensis">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFAF7FD9E2714DDE4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Ceratrichia semlikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFCA350DFE6BFDB22463DDE4" box="[389,608,618,643]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Isachne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFCA350DFE6BFDB22463DDE4" box="[389,608,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Isachne mauritiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFCA350DFD69FDB324D7DDE4" box="[647,724,619,643]" name="Kenya" pageId="12" pageNumber="313">Kenya</collectingCountry>
. No information is yet available for other species of the genus, but given that they usually fly low down along the edges of paths and streams with low grass or along forest edges (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2014, authors’ observations), it seems likely that they will also be found to be grass feeders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink