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<document id="596904E1CE9E125EC9FE0BAFFFED3024" ID-DOI="10.1017/S0022336000019843" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48399970-b4aa-4f89-9739-3644a0f1d596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1037493" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jeremy" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jeremy" approvalRequired="108" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="106" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1509026334136" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Thomas M. Lehman &amp; Kenneth Carpenter" docDate="1990" docId="03E0A360FFA05C1EDADD9048385E519B" docLanguage="en" docName="LehmanCarpenter1990AublysodonPDFABBYY14(almost done).pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Paleontology 64 (6)" docSource="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1305741" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Aublysodon mirandus Leidy 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="22" lastPageNumber="1029" masterDocId="FFD9DB18FFA05C1DDF6B9A6D316A5762" masterDocTitle="A Partial Skeleton of the Tyrannosaurid Dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="1032" masterPageNumber="1026" pageNumber="1026" updateTime="1689589908153" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:title id="EDB7F1D48B47759E2F7A756924042283">A Partial Skeleton of the Tyrannosaurid Dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F91EF306C787F67B4EB3ACE62B7544DF">Thomas M. Lehman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5598303FD3E2275C17CB89514830FA70">Kenneth Carpenter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7885F9C8A78850CCCDAE0E033BA1DFBD">1990</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D5AE53D67D7D54467495E6805EE930B8" type="DOI">10.1017/S0022336000019843</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E0A360FFA05C1EDADD9048385E519B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510592" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135477015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E0A360FFA05C1EDADD9048385E519B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0A360FFA05C1EDADD9048385E519B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="1029" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">
<subSubSection id="C35341FDFFA05C1DDADD904839EA5D2B" box="[1462,2176,2597,2633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA05C1DDADD904839EA5D2B" blockId="0.[1241,2347,1147,3057]" box="[1462,2176,2597,2633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA05C1DDADD904836C75D25" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1462,1965,2597,2633]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
Aublysodon cf. A.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA05C1DD86E904736C75D25" box="[1797,1965,2602,2631]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">mirandus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA05C1DD8D0904839EA5D2B" author="Leidy, J." box="[1979,2176,2597,2633]" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Proceedings" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026" pagination="197 - 200" part="20" refString="-----. 1868. Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Proceedings, 20: 197 - 200." title="Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus" type="journal article" year="1868">
<httpUri id="B5C8CCDCFFA05C1DD8D0904839EA5D2B" box="[1979,2176,2597,2633]" httpUri="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/html/BB1087B9FFBCFFC1C4828274FB1A9E19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">Leidy, 1868</httpUri>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35341FDFFA05C1ED9D69022385E519B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="1029" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA05C1DD9D6902236165D11" blockId="0.[1241,2347,1147,3057]" box="[1725,1916,2639,2675]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA05C1DD9D6902236165D11" box="[1725,1916,2639,2675]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStart-5="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="1.[1305,1413,1685,1717]" captionStartId-1="2.[221,329,1583,1615]" captionStartId-2="3.[219,328,1470,1502]" captionStartId-3="3.[1321,1430,1181,1213]" captionStartId-4="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionStartId-5="5.[218,326,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox-0="[1334,2352,316,1653]" captionTargetBox-1="[229,2354,336,1548]" captionTargetBox-2="[220,1251,329,1442]" captionTargetBox-3="[1332,2358,326,1135]" captionTargetBox-4="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetBox-5="[217,1258,321,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionTargetPageId-5="5" captionText-0="Figure 1—Preserved skull fragments ofNew Mexico Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 7, parts of the frontal-parietal mass; 2, 3, left postorbital; 4, left dentary. General skull outline adapted from Russell (1970). Scale bar 10 cm" captionText-1="Figure 2—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Frontal-parietal mass in 1, dorsal view, and 2, right lateral view; left postorbital in 3, medial view, and 4, lateral view; left dentary in 5, medial view, and 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, cleft in frontal; fr, frontal and suture for frontal; j, suture for jugal; lsp, suture for laterosphenoid; p, parietal; po, suture for postorbital; sq, broken squamosal process. Scale bar 10 cm." captionText-2="Figure 3—Comparison of tyrannosaurid frontal bones in dorsal view. 1, Aublysodon mirandus (LACM 28471). 2, cf. Aublysodon sp. (TMP 80.16.485). 3, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 4, Nanotyrannus lancensis (CMNH 5741). 5, Albertosaurus libratus (AMNH 5664). 6, Albertosaurus libratus (USNM 12814). 7, Daspletosaurus torosus (NMC 8506). Sutures for adjacent bones are shown: f, frontal; fn, notch in frontal (also indicated by arrow); 1, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; stf, border of supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar 10 cm. 1 and 5 are adapted from Molnar (1978), 2 from Currie (1987), 4 from Bakker et al. (1988), 6 and 7 from Russell (1970)." captionText-3="Figure 4—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Premaxillary tooth in 1, lateral view, and 2, posterior view; 3, cross sections at indicated levels with anterior end to the right. Scale bar 10 mm" captionText-4="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" captionText-5="Figure 6—Comparison of distal end of right tibia and astragalus. 1, 2, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 3, A. libratus (AMNH 5432). 4, A. sarcophagus (NMC 5601). An interpretive outline of the astragalus is shown by the dotted line in 2, as is the extent ofthe tibia behind the astragalus in 4. Abbreviations: a, astragalar facet; 1, lateral malleolus; m, medial malleolus. Scale bar 10 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3248946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1038183/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1038185/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3248948/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3248952/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">
Figures 1-
<docIssue id="CF2A6D99FFA05C1DD80F902236165D11" box="[1892,1916,2639,2675]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">6</docIssue>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA05C1CDA5C90E932A955B8" blockId="0.[1241,2347,1147,3057]" lastBlockId="1.[208,1260,310,3087]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="1027" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA05C1DDA5C90E937D15DCA" box="[1335,1723,2692,2728]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">Frontal and parietal.—</emphasis>
The posterior parts of both frontals, and the anterior part of the fused parietals, are preserved as a single, thoroughly co-ossified mass (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA05C1DD81A90BA39AC5D99" box="[1905,2246,2775,2811]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="1.[1305,1413,1685,1717]" captionStartId-1="2.[221,329,1583,1615]" captionTargetBox-0="[1334,2352,316,1653]" captionTargetBox-1="[229,2354,336,1548]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Figure 1—Preserved skull fragments ofNew Mexico Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 7, parts of the frontal-parietal mass; 2, 3, left postorbital; 4, left dentary. General skull outline adapted from Russell (1970). Scale bar 10 cm" captionText-1="Figure 2—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Frontal-parietal mass in 1, dorsal view, and 2, right lateral view; left postorbital in 3, medial view, and 4, lateral view; left dentary in 5, medial view, and 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, cleft in frontal; fr, frontal and suture for frontal; j, suture for jugal; lsp, suture for laterosphenoid; p, parietal; po, suture for postorbital; sq, broken squamosal process. Scale bar 10 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3248946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1038183/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">Figures 1.1, 2.1, 2.2</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA05C1DD78D90BA384C5D99" box="[2278,2342,2775,2811]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">Ad­</emphasis>
ditional fragments of the sidewalls of the braincase are crushed into the endocranial cavity and cannot be described. The frontals, from the midline to the postorbital suture, are much narrower than in other tyrannosaurids (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA05C1DD8E69116394A5CFD" box="[1933,2080,2939,2975]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[219,328,1470,1502]" captionTargetBox="[220,1251,329,1442]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3—Comparison of tyrannosaurid frontal bones in dorsal view. 1, Aublysodon mirandus (LACM 28471). 2, cf. Aublysodon sp. (TMP 80.16.485). 3, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 4, Nanotyrannus lancensis (CMNH 5741). 5, Albertosaurus libratus (AMNH 5664). 6, Albertosaurus libratus (USNM 12814). 7, Daspletosaurus torosus (NMC 8506). Sutures for adjacent bones are shown: f, frontal; fn, notch in frontal (also indicated by arrow); 1, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; stf, border of supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar 10 cm. 1 and 5 are adapted from Molnar (1978), 2 from Currie (1987), 4 from Bakker et al. (1988), 6 and 7 from Russell (1970)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038185/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA05C1DD8E6911636925CFD" box="[1933,2040,2939,2975]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1026">Figure</emphasis>
3
</figureCitation>
). Although the frontals are incomplete anteriorly, enough is preserved to show a deep vertical notch above the orbital border, a feature that
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA15C1CDFB89B5530D5563E" author="Russell, D. A." bookContentInfo="30 p." box="[211,447,312,348]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian National Museum of Natural History, Publications in Paleontology 1" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous ofwestern Canada. Canadian National Museum of Natural History, Publications in Paleontology 1, 30 p." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous ofwestern Canada" type="book" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
considered diagnostic of
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC319B55352F563E" box="[858,1093,312,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC319B55352B563E" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[858,1089,312,348]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Although a similar notch is also present in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC629B0E356056E5" box="[777,1034,355,391]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC629B0E356E56E5" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[777,1028,355,391]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it occurs between the lacrimal and the frontal, and is not incised into the frontal. In the New Mexico specimen, the notch penetrates even more deeply into the frontal than in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC399B893560556A" box="[850,1034,484,520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC399B89356E556A" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[850,1028,484,520]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and is more prominent than in any other tyrannosaurid (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA15C1CDCF49863354D5550" box="[927,1063,526,562]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[219,328,1470,1502]" captionTargetBox="[220,1251,329,1442]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3—Comparison of tyrannosaurid frontal bones in dorsal view. 1, Aublysodon mirandus (LACM 28471). 2, cf. Aublysodon sp. (TMP 80.16.485). 3, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 4, Nanotyrannus lancensis (CMNH 5741). 5, Albertosaurus libratus (AMNH 5664). 6, Albertosaurus libratus (USNM 12814). 7, Daspletosaurus torosus (NMC 8506). Sutures for adjacent bones are shown: f, frontal; fn, notch in frontal (also indicated by arrow); 1, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; stf, border of supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar 10 cm. 1 and 5 are adapted from Molnar (1978), 2 from Currie (1987), 4 from Bakker et al. (1988), 6 and 7 from Russell (1970)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038185/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). In a small, presumably juvenile, specimen referred to cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC80985535C6553E" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1003,1196,568,604]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC80985535C6553E" box="[1003,1196,568,604]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Aublysodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (TMP 80.16.485) the frontal notch is not as well developed. The notch may become more prominent with growth, as the buttress for articulation with the postorbital expands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CDF92988D32C75147" blockId="1.[208,1260,310,3087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
The frontal notch is developed immediately anterior to where the frontal expands laterally, forming a buttress for articulation with the postorbital. This buttress is separated into a rounded anterior lobe and an elongate posterior lobe, both of which articulated with the postorbital. A similar condition is observed in a specimen referred to
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDD1A99DF32FE54B4" box="[625,916,946,982]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">IAlbertosaurus sp</emphasis>
. (TMP 81.10.1). The edge of the frontal bordering the supratemporal fenestra is inclined sagittally, as in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDD2E9E65325B534E" box="[581,817,1032,1068]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDD2E9E653241534E" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[581,811,1032,1068]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and not transversely as in the broad-skulled
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDE919E5F339D5334" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[506,759,1074,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDE919E5F339D5334" box="[506,759,1074,1110]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC409E5F35435334" box="[811,1065,1074,1110]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC409E5F354E5334" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[811,1060,1074,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The frontal is much narrower transversely than in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC399E30353F53E3" box="[850,1109,1117,1153]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC399E30352553E3" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[850,1103,1117,1153]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and also narrower than in most specimens referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDCDB9EEA35FF53C9" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[944,1173,1159,1195]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDCDB9EEA35FF53C9" box="[944,1173,1159,1195]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA15C1CDBCC9EEA304D53B7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[219,328,1470,1502]" captionTargetBox="[220,1251,329,1442]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3—Comparison of tyrannosaurid frontal bones in dorsal view. 1, Aublysodon mirandus (LACM 28471). 2, cf. Aublysodon sp. (TMP 80.16.485). 3, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 4, Nanotyrannus lancensis (CMNH 5741). 5, Albertosaurus libratus (AMNH 5664). 6, Albertosaurus libratus (USNM 12814). 7, Daspletosaurus torosus (NMC 8506). Sutures for adjacent bones are shown: f, frontal; fn, notch in frontal (also indicated by arrow); 1, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; stf, border of supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar 10 cm. 1 and 5 are adapted from Molnar (1978), 2 from Currie (1987), 4 from Bakker et al. (1988), 6 and 7 from Russell (1970)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038185/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Its relative width is comparable to that observed in other specimens referred to
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDD119EB43220539F" box="[634,842,1241,1277]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Aublysodon</emphasis>
(LACM 28471, TMP 80.16.485), although
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDD2F9F69325B524A" box="[580,817,1284,1320]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDD2F9F69325B524A" box="[580,817,1284,1320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has narrow frontals (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA15C1CDFB79F4330075230" box="[220,365,1326,1362]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[219,328,1470,1502]" captionTargetBox="[220,1251,329,1442]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3—Comparison of tyrannosaurid frontal bones in dorsal view. 1, Aublysodon mirandus (LACM 28471). 2, cf. Aublysodon sp. (TMP 80.16.485). 3, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 4, Nanotyrannus lancensis (CMNH 5741). 5, Albertosaurus libratus (AMNH 5664). 6, Albertosaurus libratus (USNM 12814). 7, Daspletosaurus torosus (NMC 8506). Sutures for adjacent bones are shown: f, frontal; fn, notch in frontal (also indicated by arrow); 1, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; stf, border of supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar 10 cm. 1 and 5 are adapted from Molnar (1978), 2 from Currie (1987), 4 from Bakker et al. (1988), 6 and 7 from Russell (1970)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038185/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Likewise, the preserved anterior part of the fused parietals forms a constricted sagittal crest, somewhat narrower than that seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDE979FEF339352C4" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[508,761,1410,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDE979FEF339352C4" box="[508,761,1410,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC529FEF355D52C4" box="[825,1079,1410,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC529FEF355B52C4" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[825,1073,1410,1446]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and more closely resembling that of
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDDF99FC1321752B2" box="[658,893,1452,1488]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDDF99FC1321352B2" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[658,889,1452,1488]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The parietals extend forward, separating the frontals posteriorly, and resulting in a prominent V-shaped frontal-parietal suture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CDF929C4130445EF9" blockId="1.[208,1260,310,3087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDF929C4130DE5132" box="[249,436,1580,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Postorbital.</emphasis>
— Part ofthe left postorbital, lacking the distal end of the descending process (jugal ramus) and most of the squamosal process, is preserved (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA15C1CDDA69CED35EF51C6" box="[717,1157,1664,1700]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="1.[1305,1413,1685,1717]" captionStartId-1="2.[221,329,1583,1615]" captionTargetBox-0="[1334,2352,316,1653]" captionTargetBox-1="[229,2354,336,1548]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Figure 1—Preserved skull fragments ofNew Mexico Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 7, parts of the frontal-parietal mass; 2, 3, left postorbital; 4, left dentary. General skull outline adapted from Russell (1970). Scale bar 10 cm" captionText-1="Figure 2—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Frontal-parietal mass in 1, dorsal view, and 2, right lateral view; left postorbital in 3, medial view, and 4, lateral view; left dentary in 5, medial view, and 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, cleft in frontal; fr, frontal and suture for frontal; j, suture for jugal; lsp, suture for laterosphenoid; p, parietal; po, suture for postorbital; sq, broken squamosal process. Scale bar 10 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3248946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1038183/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figures 1.2, 1.3, 2.3, 2.4</figureCitation>
). The horizontal ramus of the bone bears a blunt rugosity for contact with the frontal. This sutural surface is, like the corresponding surface on the frontal, divided into two parts; one, a rounded cup-shaped depression, lies anterior and dorsal to the other, which is an elongate recess. A shallow pit below the frontal suture probably received the antotic process of the laterosphenoid. The descending process of the postorbital forms an overlapping suture with the jugal, and bears a slightly thickened ridge along the orbital margin where a low flange may have extended into the orbit. Owing to incomplete preservation, however, the extent to which this process was developed is unknown. Judging from the dimensions of the broken edge, the projection was much less developed than that seen in many
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC9E92C935815FAA" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1013,1259,2212,2248]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC9E92C935815FAA" box="[1013,1259,2212,2248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA15C1CDEA792A233DA5F91" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[460,688,2255,2291]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History, Memoir" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" pagination="1 - 30" part="1" refString="-----. 1912. Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus. American Museum of Natural History, Memoir, 1: 1 - 30." title="Crania of Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus" type="journal article" year="1912">Osborn, 1912</bibRefCitation>
). Development ofthe orbital flange in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDE6E929730965E7C" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[261,508,2298,2334]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDE6E929730965E7C" box="[261,508,2298,2334]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, however, ontogenetically controlled, and shows considerable variation among adults (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA15C1CDCD8934E31805E10" author="Carpenter, K." editor="P. J. Currie, K. Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, New York" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" refString="-----. In press b. Variation in Tyrannosaurus rex. In P. J. Currie and K. Carpenter (eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches. Cambridge University Press, New York" title="Variation in Tyrannosaurus rex" type="book" volumeTitle="Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches" year="in press b" yearSuffix="b">Carpenter, in press b</bibRefCitation>
). Too little of the squamosal process is preserved to reveal its form.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3642FEFFA15C1CDA729CF8367F5044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248946/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" startId="1.[1305,1413,1685,1717]" targetBox="[1334,2352,316,1653]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CDA729CF8367F5044" blockId="1.[1305,2349,1683,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDA729CF834EF51D7" box="[1305,1413,1685,1717]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figure</emphasis>
1—Preserved skull fragments of New Mexico
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD7449CF934AD51B8" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD7449CF939B051D6" box="[2095,2266,1684,1716]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Aublysodon</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD6669CF934AD51B8" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">A. mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<materialsCitation id="3B21182BFFA15C1CDAB09CD737D351B8" CollectingDate="06-1940" CollectionCode="OMNH" CollectorName="J.W. Stovall &amp; D.E. Savage" Country="United States" County="San Juan Co." Formation="Kirtland Shale" GeologicalContext="Upper Cretaceous" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2416598786" Preparations="several skull fragments, incomplete dentary, parts of both femura, tibia, pubis, metatarsals, several ribs, and gastralia" StateProvince="New Mexico" box="[1499,1721,1722,1754]" location="northeast of Chaco Canyon" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" specimenCode="OMNH 10131" typeStatus="other material">OMNH 10131</materialsCitation>
). 7, parts of the frontal-parietal mass;
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD7859CD7384651B8" box="[2286,2348,1722,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">2, 3,</emphasis>
left postorbital;
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD9449C8D372C5062" box="[1583,1606,1760,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">4,</emphasis>
left dentary. General skull outline adapted from Russell (1970). Scale bar 10 cm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CD87E9D6B36705044" blockId="1.[1305,2349,1683,1830]" box="[1813,1818,1798,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CDF9293CC35495C77" blockId="1.[208,1260,310,3087]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
The size and shape of the supraorbital rugosity on the postorbital vary among tyrannosaurids. In the New Mexico specimen, this rugose boss has a prominent crescent shape similar to that seen in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDEA3907233A65D21" box="[456,716,2591,2627]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDEA3907233AC5D21" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[456,710,2591,2627]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and is considerably more prominent than that seen in many specimens of
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDCDB902735F75D0C" box="[944,1181,2634,2670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDCDB902735F25D0C" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[944,1176,2634,2670]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Development of the postorbital rugosity is, however, subject to a great deal of individual variation, even between right and left sides of a single individual (e.g.,
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDC6090AA32A95D89" box="[779,963,2759,2795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDC6090AA32D45D89" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[779,958,2759,2795]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">A. libratus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
FMNH PR308); hence its utility for taxonomic purposes is limited.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CDF9C917634815E0C" blockId="1.[208,1260,310,3087]" lastBlockId="1.[1306,2356,1871,3088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDF9C917630EC5C5D" box="[247,390,2843,2879]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Dentary.</emphasis>
— The posterior part ofthe left dentary contains eight alveoli with teeth in various stages of eruption (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA15C1CDC8A912830605CF1" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStartId-0="1.[1305,1413,1685,1717]" captionStartId-1="2.[221,329,1583,1615]" captionTargetBox-0="[1334,2352,316,1653]" captionTargetBox-1="[229,2354,336,1548]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Figure 1—Preserved skull fragments ofNew Mexico Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 7, parts of the frontal-parietal mass; 2, 3, left postorbital; 4, left dentary. General skull outline adapted from Russell (1970). Scale bar 10 cm" captionText-1="Figure 2—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Frontal-parietal mass in 1, dorsal view, and 2, right lateral view; left postorbital in 3, medial view, and 4, lateral view; left dentary in 5, medial view, and 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, cleft in frontal; fr, frontal and suture for frontal; j, suture for jugal; lsp, suture for laterosphenoid; p, parietal; po, suture for postorbital; sq, broken squamosal process. Scale bar 10 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3248946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1038183/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figures 1.4, 2.5, 2.6</figureCitation>
). The last tooth is pushed posteriorly and is abnormally positioned. Well-developed interdental plates line the lingual side of the dentary and rest on a rounded supradentary plate (the lingual “bar” of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA15C1CDD59918632495B6D" author="Madsen, J. H., Jr." box="[562,803,3051,3087]" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" pagination="163" refString="Madsen, J. H., Jr. 1976. Allosaurusfragilis'. a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109, 163 p." title="Allosaurusfragilis'. a revised osteology" type="book" year="1976">Madsen, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). The supradentary plate is bounded below by a narrow and shallow Meckelian groove, and ends posteriorly where the Meckelian fossa expands behind the last alveolus. The external surface of the dentary exhibits two rows of foramina, one of which extends along the middle of the dentary, and the other just above the ventral edge of the bone. The preserved portion of the ventral margin of the dentary defines a smooth curve like that in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD8EF9220391A5F13" box="[1924,2160,2125,2161]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD8EF922039005F13" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1924,2154,2125,2161]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and is not strongly deflected ventrally as in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD83C921A39385FF9" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1879,2130,2167,2203]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD83C921A39385FF9" box="[1879,2130,2167,2203]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD7FC921A34E45FA4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD7FC921A34E35FA4" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This condition is, however, variable among specimens referred to
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDAB692A137A35F92" box="[1501,1737,2252,2288]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDAB692A137AE5F92" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1501,1732,2252,2288]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The dentary is very similar in size and general form to the specimen (USNM 8346) referred to
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDA76934D367B5E26" box="[1309,1809,2336,2372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDA76934D34875E26" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[1309,1517,2336,2372]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gorgosaurus</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD977934D366F5E26" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1564,1797,2336,2372]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA15C1CD83C934D39395E26" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[1879,2131,2336,2372]" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 98 - Q" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" pagination="279 - 308" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1916. Vertebrate faunas of the Ojo Alamo, Kirtland, and Fruitland formations. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 98 - Q: 279 - 308." title="Vertebrate faunas of the Ojo Alamo, Kirtland, and Fruitland formations" type="book chapter" year="1916">Gilmore (1916</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. LXXIII, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA15C1CDAE1932734B15E0C" author="Gilmore, C. W." box="[1418,1499,2378,2414]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" pagination="159 - 188" part="83" refString="-----. 1935. On the Reptilia ofthe Kirtland Formation ofNew Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles. U. S. National Museum, Proceedings, 83: 159 - 188." title="On the Reptilia ofthe Kirtland Formation ofNew Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles. U. S. National Museum" type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1CDA28931436DC5D8F" blockId="1.[1306,2356,1871,3088]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDA28931437665EFF" box="[1347,1548,2425,2461]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Dentition.—</emphasis>
The teeth preserved in the dentary are more strongly inclined posteriorly than in either
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD8A593CF39D95EA4" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1998,2227,2466,2502]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD8A593CF39D95EA4" box="[1998,2227,2466,2502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD78893CF34B55E93" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD78893CF34B35E93" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
perhaps owing in part to post-mortem deformation. Serration counts (10-12 serrations per 5 mm on anterior carinae, and 9-10 per 5 mm on posterior carinae) are similar to those ofother small tyrannosaurids. Like
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CD837902139225D12" box="[1884,2120,2636,2672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CD837902139285D12" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1884,2114,2636,2672]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and to a lesser extent
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA15C1CDAE6901B37FA5DF8" box="[1421,1680,2678,2714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA15C1CDAE6901B37E05DF8" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1421,1674,2678,2714]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the dentary teeth become more strongly curved posteriorly at their tips, and have anterior carinae that are deflected lingually along their bases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA15C1FDA28909E32515FAA" blockId="1.[1306,2356,1871,3088]" lastBlockId="2.[203,1251,1785,3083]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1028" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">
Two additional isolated teeth are also preserved with the skull fragments. One, probably a maxillary tooth, 75 mm in length, has serrations comparable to those of the dentary teeth but is not as strongly curved at its tip. The other, a premaxillary tooth, 52 mm in length, exhibits the incisiform “D”-shaped cross section typical of tyrannosaurids, with posteromedial and posterolateral carinae on either side of a faceted lingual surface (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA15C1FD7A39181318D5042" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="3.[1321,1430,1181,1213]" captionTargetBox="[1332,2358,326,1135]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 4—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Premaxillary tooth in 1, lateral view, and 2, posterior view; 3, cross sections at indicated levels with anterior end to the right. Scale bar 10 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248948/files/figure.png" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1028" pageId="1" pageNumber="1027">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). The carinae lack denticulations and converge toward one another about midway down the length of the tooth. There is a well-developed bilobed median ridge between the carinae on the lingual surface of the tooth. A small wear facet is present on the tip ofthe crown. Although larger, this tooth is comparable to those referred by others to
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDDCA9DA232085091" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[673,866,1999,2035]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDDCA9DA232085091" box="[673,866,1999,2035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Aublysodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA25C1FDC1F9DA235155091" author="Carpenter, K." box="[884,1151,1999,2035]" journalOrPublisher="University of Wyoming, Contributions to Geology" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" pagination="123 - 134" part="20" refString="Carpenter, K. 1982. Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek Formations and a description of a new species of theropod. University of Wyoming, Contributions to Geology, 20: 123 - 134." title="Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek Formations and a description of a new species of theropod" type="journal article" year="1982">Carpenter, 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA25C1FDBE59DA2304F5F7C" author="Paul, G. S." journalOrPublisher="New York" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" pagination="464" refString="Paul, G. S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 p." title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon and Schuster" type="book" year="1988">Paul, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; Molnar and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA25C1FDD649D9732495F7C" author="K. Carpenter" box="[527,803,2042,2078]" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" pagination="445 - 454" part="22" refString="-----, and K. Carpenter. 1989. The Jordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon. Geobios, 22: 445 - 454." title="The Jordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon" type="journal article" year="1989">Carpenter, 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The tooth is also similar to another (USNM 8355) figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA25C1FDC76924830415F11" author="Gilmore, C. W." journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 98 - Q" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" pagination="279 - 308" refString="Gilmore, C. W. 1916. Vertebrate faunas of the Ojo Alamo, Kirtland, and Fruitland formations. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 98 - Q: 279 - 308." title="Vertebrate faunas of the Ojo Alamo, Kirtland, and Fruitland formations" type="book chapter" year="1916">Gilmore (1916, Pl. LXXIII, fig. 4)</bibRefCitation>
from the Farmington Sandstone Member of the Kirtland Shale. Gilmore’s specimen may likewise be referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDB18921430455FA5" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDB18921430455FA5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Aublysodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Molnar and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA25C1FDD7292C932415FAA" author="K. Carpenter" box="[537,811,2212,2248]" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" pagination="445 - 454" part="22" refString="-----, and K. Carpenter. 1989. The Jordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon. Geobios, 22: 445 - 454." title="The Jordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon" type="journal article" year="1989">Carpenter, 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3642FEFFA25C1FDFB69C42384651FE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038183/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" startId="2.[221,329,1583,1615]" targetBox="[229,2354,336,1548]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA25C1FDFB69C42384651FE" blockId="2.[221,2351,1578,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDFB69C42335E512D" box="[221,564,1583,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
Figure 2—
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDEEC9C42324F512D" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[391,805,1583,1615]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
Aublysodon cf.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDD079C42324F512D" box="[620,805,1583,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">A. mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation id="3B21182BFFA25C1FDC519C423573512D" CollectingDate="06-1940" CollectionCode="OMNH" CollectorName="J.W. Stovall &amp; D.E. Savage" Country="United States" County="San Juan Co." Formation="Kirtland Shale" GeologicalContext="Upper Cretaceous" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2416598787" Preparations="several skull fragments, incomplete dentary, parts of both femura, tibia, pubis, metatarsals, several ribs, and gastralia" StateProvince="New Mexico" box="[826,1049,1583,1615]" location="northeast of Chaco Canyon" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" specimenCode="OMNH 10131" typeStatus="other material">OMNH 10131</materialsCitation>
). Frontal-parietal mass in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDAC29C4234D5512D" box="[1449,1471,1583,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">1,</emphasis>
dorsal view, and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD9A59C42378D512D" box="[1742,1767,1583,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">2,</emphasis>
right lateral view; left postorbital in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD67E9C423844512D" box="[2325,2350,1583,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD67E9C423842512D" bold="true" box="[2325,2344,1583,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">3</emphasis>
,
</emphasis>
medial
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDE069C3A30DF5115" box="[365,437,1623,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">view</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDD6C9C3A33745115" box="[519,542,1623,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">4,</emphasis>
lateral view; left dentary
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDCF79C3A32D35115" box="[924,953,1623,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">in</emphasis>
5, medial view, and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDB9A9C3A34605115" box="[1265,1290,1623,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">6,</emphasis>
lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, cleft in frontal; fr, frontal and suture for frontal; j, suture for jugal; lsp, suture for laterosphenoid; p, parietal; po, suture for postorbital; sq, broken squamosal process. Scale bar 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA25C1FDF9F92A330B75DF5" blockId="2.[203,1251,1785,3083]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDF9F92A3335F5F90" box="[244,565,2254,2290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Ribs and gastralia.</emphasis>
—Four fragments of ribs are preserved. These include a distal end, a proximal end lacking the tuberculum, and two shaft fragments. A single, nearly complete, right gastralium is also present. The gastralium measures 636 mm along its ventral curve. It is slender and flattened at its medial end, as in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDEE493CC33105EA7" box="[399,634,2465,2501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDEE493CC331F5EA7" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[399,629,2465,2501]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and is unlike the heavy thickened element in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDEFE93A133F95E92" box="[405,659,2508,2544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDEFE93A133E45E92" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[405,654,2508,2544]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The gastralia of
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDCD593A135C85E92" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[958,1186,2508,2544]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDCD593A135C85E92" box="[958,1186,2508,2544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are well known in the type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDC4E939432B85D7F" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[805,978,2553,2589]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDC4E939432B85D7F" box="[805,978,2553,2589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">A. libratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GSC 2120) and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDFA6904C30C05D27" box="[205,426,2593,2629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">A. arctunguis</emphasis>
(ROM 807). The present specimen is comparable in form and length to those from the middle part of the series (numbers
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDE11901E30E55DF5" bold="true" box="[378,399,2675,2711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">5</emphasis>
-12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA25C1FDF9F90F134E250FF" blockId="2.[203,1251,1785,3083]" lastBlockId="2.[1311,2360,1786,3081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDF9F90F1303C5DA2" box="[244,342,2716,2752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Pubis.</emphasis>
— The preserved portion ofthe pubis includes the pubic foot and parts ofboth shafts (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA25C1FDDCC90AB323A5D88" box="[679,848,2758,2794]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Figure 5.7</figureCitation>
). The specimen is poorly preserved and obliquely crushed towards the right, so that the ventral surface is visible from the left side. The pubic foot measures 555 mm along the ventral surface of the symphysis, and has a maximum thickness of 165 mm just posterior to the pubic shaft. Neither the left nor right shaft is complete, the longest one (
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDE7591D0303C5C83" box="[286,342,3005,3041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">left</emphasis>
) extending 285 mm above the foot. Although the longer shaft appears to be slightly bowed ventrally, this may reflect post-mortem deformation. The form and size of the pubis are comparable to that observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FD8239D4839DC502B" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1864,2230,1829,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD8239D4839DC502B" box="[1864,2230,1829,1865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Albertosaurus libratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD6649D4834BF5011" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">A. arctunguis,</emphasis>
but the anterior end of the foot is proportionally larger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA25C1FDA2C9DC939265C70" blockId="2.[1311,2360,1786,3081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDA2C9DC9348D50AA" box="[1351,1511,1956,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Femur.—</emphasis>
Both femora are preserved, although neither is complete. The left femur is truncated just above the distal condyles, crushed anteroposteriorly, and weathered along its posterior surface (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA25C1FDA11924937185F2A" box="[1402,1650,2084,2120]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDA119249348E5F2A" box="[1402,1508,2084,2120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Figure</emphasis>
5.1, 5.2
</figureCitation>
). As preserved, it is 856
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD7799249393F5F2A" box="[2066,2133,2084,2120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">mm</emphasis>
long and has a minimum circumference just below the fourth trochanter of 344 mm. The center of the fourth trochanter is 348 mm below the top ofthe femoral head, and the lesser trochanter is separated from the femoral head by a gap 46 mm deep. The restored length of the femur is estimated to be 1,080 mm. The right femur is considerably more damaged, particularly on its posterior surface, and the fourth trochanter cannot be located with confidence. It has also been anteroposteriorly crushed. The preserved portion is 670
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD9E693F237BA5EA1" box="[1677,1744,2463,2499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">mm</emphasis>
long and has a minimum circumference of 370
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDA8093A437585E8F" box="[1515,1586,2505,2541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">mm</emphasis>
. The gap separating the lesser trochanter from the femoral head is 45 mm deep. These femora compare well with an isolated specimen from the Fruitland Formation (UNM B-828) and with those of
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD9BE902A36D55D09" box="[1749,1983,2631,2667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FD9BE902A36D35D09" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1749,1977,2631,2667]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but are not as robust as in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FDA10901F371D5DF4" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1403,1655,2674,2710]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDA10901F371D5DF4" box="[1403,1655,2674,2710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD9D8901F36DA5DF4" box="[1715,1968,2674,2710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FD9D8901F36C65DF4" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1715,1964,2674,2710]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As restored (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA25C1FD7FA901F38775DF4" box="[2193,2333,2674,2710]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Figure 5</figureCitation>
), the circumference of the femur is equal to about 31 percent of its length, compared with 34-37 percent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FD76E90A939825D8A" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[2053,2280,2756,2792]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD76E90A939825D8A" box="[2053,2280,2756,2792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 38-41 percent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA25C1FD92D9083392D5C70" authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1606,2119,2798,2834]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FD92D9083362B5C70" box="[1606,1857,2798,2834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA25C1FD83C908339565C70" author="Russell, D. A." bookContentInfo="30 p." box="[1879,2108,2798,2834]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian National Museum of Natural History, Publications in Paleontology 1" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous ofwestern Canada. Canadian National Museum of Natural History, Publications in Paleontology 1, 30 p." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous ofwestern Canada" type="book" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA25C1EDA21917A356C5C5F" blockId="2.[1311,2360,1786,3081]" lastBlockId="3.[217,1272,2002,3085]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="1029" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDA21917A34A65C59" box="[1354,1484,2839,2875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Tibia.—</emphasis>
Only the distal half of the right tibia is preserved (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA25C1FDA47912D34B75C06" box="[1324,1501,2880,2916]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA25C1FDA47912D34FD5C06" box="[1324,1431,2880,2916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1028">Figure</emphasis>
5.3
</figureCitation>
). It is slightly crushed anteroposteriorly. The preserved portion is 478 mm long and 216 mm across at the distal end. The shaft is 110 mm in transverse width. The anterior surface has a well-developed suture for the ascending process of the astragalus and a flattened facet to receive the distal end of the fibula. The distal end of the tibia bears of deep medial emargination for reception of the astragalus, such that the astragalar suture is markedly oblique relative to the shaft, and the bone appears to lack a medial “malleolus” (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA35C1EDC87923D35EB5F16" box="[1004,1153,2128,2164]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="5.[218,326,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[217,1258,321,1538]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 6—Comparison of distal end of right tibia and astragalus. 1, 2, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 3, A. libratus (AMNH 5432). 4, A. sarcophagus (NMC 5601). An interpretive outline of the astragalus is shown by the dotted line in 2, as is the extent ofthe tibia behind the astragalus in 4. Abbreviations: a, astragalar facet; 1, lateral malleolus; m, medial malleolus. Scale bar 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). This appears to be a natural condition, not a result of crushing, and the entire distal surface of the tibia is grooved for reception of the astragalus. Although the astragalar facet is also oblique relative to the shaft of the tibia in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDD94929432815E7F" box="[767,1003,2297,2333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDD949294328F5E7F" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[767,997,2297,2333]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it does not approach the condition observed in this specimen, which is unique among large theropods (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA35C1EDD18932032685E13" box="[627,770,2381,2417]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="5.[218,326,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[217,1258,321,1538]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 6—Comparison of distal end of right tibia and astragalus. 1, 2, Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). 3, A. libratus (AMNH 5432). 4, A. sarcophagus (NMC 5601). An interpretive outline of the astragalus is shown by the dotted line in 2, as is the extent ofthe tibia behind the astragalus in 4. Abbreviations: a, astragalar facet; 1, lateral malleolus; m, medial malleolus. Scale bar 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). The deep medial emargination does not appear to represent a juvenile condition, based on comparison with juvenile
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDDA793CC35565EA7" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[716,1084,2465,2501]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDDA793CC35565EA7" box="[716,1084,2465,2501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Albertosaurus libratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g., AMNH 5458 and 5664) and the seemingly adult proportions of the present specimen. A similar condition is found, however, in primitive theropods such as
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDC1C9073350D5D20" box="[887,1127,2590,2626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Dilophosaurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA35C1EDB11907330585D0F" author="Welles, S." journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica, Abt. A" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" pagination="85 - 180" part="185" refString="Welles, S. 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 185: 85 - 180." title="Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) osteology and comparisons" type="journal article" year="1984">Welles, 1984</bibRefCitation>
),
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDE3E902533725D0E" box="[341,536,2632,2668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Coelophysis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA35C1EDD5B9024327E5D0F" author="Padian, K." box="[560,788,2633,2669]" editor="K. Padian" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" pagination="45 - 60" refString="Padian, K. 1986. On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation), p. 45 - 60. In K. Padian (ed.), The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, London." title="On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs" year="1986">Padian, 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA35C1EDC419024357C5D0F" author="Colbert, E. H." box="[810,1046,2633,2669]" journalOrPublisher="Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" pagination="160" part="57" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1989. The Triassic dinosaur Coelophysis. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 57, 160 p." title="The Triassic dinosaur Coelophysis" type="book" year="1989">Colbert, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDBEA9025303B5DF4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Liliensternus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA35C1EDE0F901F33535DF4" author="Huene, F. R. von" box="[356,569,2674,2710]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" pagination="145 - 170" part="16" refString="Huene, F. R. von. 1934. Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thuringischen Trias. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 16: 145 - 170." title="Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thuringischen Trias" type="journal article" year="1934">Huene, 1934</bibRefCitation>
) where instead the lateral surface is deeply emarginated. As restored (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA35C1EDDE290F132785DA2" box="[649,786,2716,2752]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure 5</figureCitation>
), the length ofthe tibia would be about 82 percent the length of the femur, compared with 87 percent in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDEFE909D33F05C76" box="[405,666,2800,2836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDEFE909D33F95C76" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[405,659,2800,2836]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
88 percent in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDCC8909D35C85C76" box="[931,1186,2800,2836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDCC8909D35F65C76" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[931,1180,2800,2836]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 90-100 percent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDD7F9174356B5C5F" authority="(Russell, 1970)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[532,1025,2841,2877]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDD7F917433915C5F" box="[532,763,2841,2877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA35C1EDC7B9174329C5C5F" author="Russell, D. A." bookContentInfo="30 p." box="[784,1014,2841,2877]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian National Museum of Natural History, Publications in Paleontology 1" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous ofwestern Canada. Canadian National Museum of Natural History, Publications in Paleontology 1, 30 p." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous ofwestern Canada" type="book" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3642FEFFA35C1EDA429EF038695268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248948/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" startId="3.[1321,1430,1181,1213]" targetBox="[1332,2358,326,1135]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA35C1EDA429EF038695268" blockId="3.[1321,2367,1181,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDA429EF0371553DF" box="[1321,1663,1181,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
Figure 4—
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDAB89EF0361B53DF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1491,1905,1181,1213]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
Aublysodon cf.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1ED9DC9EF0361B53DF" box="[1719,1905,1181,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">A. mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation id="3B21182BFFA35C1ED8ED9EF0390C53DF" CollectingDate="06-1940" CollectionCode="OMNH" CollectorName="J.W. Stovall &amp; D.E. Savage" Country="United States" County="San Juan Co." Formation="Kirtland Shale" GeologicalContext="Upper Cretaceous" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2416598789" Preparations="several skull fragments, incomplete dentary, parts of both femura, tibia, pubis, metatarsals, several ribs, and gastralia" StateProvince="New Mexico" box="[1926,2150,1181,1213]" location="northeast of Chaco Canyon" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" specimenCode="OMNH 10131" typeStatus="other material">OMNH 10131</materialsCitation>
). Premaxillary tooth in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDABF9EA934805386" box="[1492,1514,1220,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">1,</emphasis>
lateral view, and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1ED86C9EA936755386" box="[1799,1823,1220,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">2,</emphasis>
posterior view;
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1ED7749EA9395D5386" box="[2079,2103,1220,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">3,</emphasis>
cross sections at indicated levels with anterior end to the right. Scale bar 10 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA35C1ED6699E87386C5268" blockId="3.[1321,2367,1181,1290]" box="[2306,2310,1258,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3642FEFFA35C1EDFB09FD330B2503E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1038185/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" startId="3.[219,328,1470,1502]" targetBox="[220,1251,329,1442]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA35C1EDFB09FD330B2503E" blockId="3.[219,1267,1469,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDFB09FD3302252BC" box="[219,328,1470,1502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure</emphasis>
3—Comparison of tyrannosaurid frontal bones in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDF959F88330B5167" box="[254,609,1509,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
1,
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDE759F88330B5167" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[286,609,1509,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">Aublysodon mirandus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(LACM 28471).
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDC0A9F8832105167" box="[865,890,1509,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">2,</emphasis>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDCDA9F8835375167" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[945,1117,1509,1541]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDCDA9F8835375167" box="[945,1117,1509,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Aublysodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (TMP 80.16.485).
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDEC69C6633175149" box="[429,637,1547,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
3,
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDEBB9C66320C5149" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[464,870,1547,1579]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
Aublysodon cf.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDDC59C66320C5149" box="[686,870,1547,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">A. mirandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<materialsCitation id="3B21182BFFA35C1EDC139C66353D5149" CollectingDate="06-1940" CollectionCode="OMNH" CollectorName="J.W. Stovall &amp; D.E. Savage" Country="United States" County="San Juan Co." Formation="Kirtland Shale" GeologicalContext="Upper Cretaceous" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2416598788" Preparations="several skull fragments, incomplete dentary, parts of both femura, tibia, pubis, metatarsals, several ribs, and gastralia" StateProvince="New Mexico" box="[888,1111,1547,1579]" location="northeast of Chaco Canyon" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" specimenCode="OMNH 10131" typeStatus="other material">OMNH 10131</materialsCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDB1B9C6633665133" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
4,
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDBF89C6633665133" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">Nanotyrannus lancensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(CMNH 5741). 5,
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDC4C9C5C35015133" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[807,1131,1585,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDC4C9C5C35015133" box="[807,1131,1585,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Albertosaurus libratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 5664).
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDE029C3A33B25115" box="[361,728,1623,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
6,
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDEFB9C3A33B25115" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[400,728,1623,1655]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(USNM 12814). 7,
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDB789C3A300E51FF" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDB789C3A300E51FF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Daspletosaurus torosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMC 8506). Sutures for adjacent bones are shown: f, frontal; fn, notch in frontal (also indicated by arrow); 1, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pf, prefrontal; po, postorbital; stf, border of supratemporal fenestra. Scale bar 10 cm.
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDDE19C8233F2506D" box="[650,664,1775,1807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDD829C823390506D" box="[745,762,1775,1807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">5</emphasis>
are adapted from Molnar (1978),
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDF909D7830675057" box="[251,269,1813,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">2</emphasis>
from Currie (1987),
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDD379D7833045057" box="[604,622,1813,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">4</emphasis>
from Bakker et al. (1988),
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDB4B9D78355B5057" box="[1056,1073,1813,1845]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">6</emphasis>
and 7 from Russell (1970).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF61276FFA35C1EDF94912E385E519B" blockId="3.[217,1272,2002,3085]" lastBlockId="3.[1315,2363,1410,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDF94912E30A15C05" box="[255,459,2883,2919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Metatarsals.</emphasis>
— The left fourth metatarsal is complete, 461 mm in length, and 70 mm wide at the distal articular surface (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA35C1EDBEC910030325CD8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure 5.4, 5.6</figureCitation>
). It compares well with a specimen described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD86F87FFA35C1EDB0291FB302F5C86" author="Lehman, T. M." editor="S. Lucas" journalOrPublisher="University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" pagination="189 - 221" refString="Lehman, T. M. 1981. The Alamo Wash local fauna: a new look at the old Ojo Alamo fauna, p. 189 - 221. In S. Lucas, K. Rigby, and B. Kues (eds.), Advances in San Juan Basin Paleontology. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque." title="The Alamo Wash local fauna: a new look at the old Ojo Alamo fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Advances in San Juan Basin Paleontology" year="1981">Lehman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
from the upper Kirtland Shale, but is shorter and stockier. It is substantially shorter than the comparable element in
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDBD69184370052C4" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1213,1642,1410,3085]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDBD69184370052C4" box="[1213,1642,1410,3085]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Al- bertosaurus libratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(546 mm) and
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1ED8099FEF395752C4" box="[1890,2109,1410,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">A. arctunguis</emphasis>
(558 mm). The length of metatarsal IV is about 43 percent the length of the femur as restored (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA35C1ED90E9FBA379E5299" box="[1637,1780,1495,1531]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1ED90E9FBA37BA5299" box="[1637,1744,1495,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure</emphasis>
5
</figureCitation>
), compared with 50-60 percent in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDA489C6C37655147" box="[1315,1551,1537,1573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDA489C6C37635147" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1315,1545,1537,1573]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
49 percent in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1ED86E9C6C396C5147" box="[1797,2054,1537,1573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1ED86E9C6C396A5147" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1797,2048,1537,1573]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 46 percent in
<emphasis id="B93DCE64FFA35C1EDA429C4137425132" box="[1321,1576,1580,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">
<taxonomicName id="4C4969F5FFA35C1EDA429C4137495132" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1321,1571,1580,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The distal third of metatarsal III is also preserved (
<figureCitation id="13720EF3FFA35C1EDACC9C3837F7511B" box="[1447,1693,1621,1657]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[195,302,1587,1619]" captionTargetBox="[226,2332,318,1549]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Left femur in 1, anterior view, and 2, posterior view; 3, right tibia in anterior view; 4, left metatarsal IV in lateral view; 5, left metatarsal III in lateral view; 6, left metatarsals III and IV articulated in anterior view; 7, pubic foot in right lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1029">Figure 5.5, 5.6</figureCitation>
). The preserved portion is 252 mm long and 85 mm wide at the distal articular surface. Enough is preserved to indicate that metatarsal III is constricted proximally between metatarsals II and IV, as is typical of tyrannosaurids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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