245 lines
32 KiB
XML
245 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="B983A9719D39EAFBE1C42AF2A87C26CD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3708186" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f503e20e-e3fb-41ac-bf17-bdaf221bc7c7" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3708186" ID-ZooBank="55CCB217-771C-499D-9110-36F143C375C5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584033498187" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Edmonds, W. D." docDate="2018" docId="03E087E4FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFCC9F959" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0642.1-30.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 642" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Onthophagus brevifrons Horn 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFD9FF9CFFF3FF92FFE49E74FFB1FF91" masterDocTitle="The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698727366089" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7573F63EE81F43D560BB2F21FEFCCAF8">
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<mods:title id="4E57DB7918332C718268691F84CC116A">The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FFD54F62EC3F01AAD9679056870E5E5A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79FC875AB1B479B62928DE6CC601CDA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="21836C80CB443BD93A68EFF54622D93A">Edmonds, W. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="74FA59969CB7EA6F02C6568EB7257559">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2FDDF3DBAD29B3CF89C285B6646AF292">
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<mods:title id="108216A40D5F979CAB0D8873EE113D73">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="31F1DE8FFD36631394D0D4581B4CFB92">
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<mods:date id="76EAEED595D8ABDBE8E92A71BD793E12">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="25E6C4DE6C0E7B06CC8A8C2EFB17B91B" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="AE1EC9B8A87C6A2F2BFEEECFA2B32EDD">2018-07-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1AF8DDCDA1AA21D01B592926D97F597D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4EC5367153FAFE4AD1B08B4F0746BE7C">642</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C2036F945CC6958CA7F346ECF44BC92F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F804B6AE071DF7A58E5A6F07AEA54CA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3708186</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34DC24E035AB6E5CC3F3B0A213C03226" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D581B4C6C9E3F89803A9CBB3D5683B0B" type="Zenodo-Dep">3708186</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E087E4FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFCC9F959" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162485169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3717148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E4FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFCC9F959" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087E4FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFCC9F959" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFDEBFE53" box="[192,602,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFDEBFE53" blockId="13.[192,602,426,482]" box="[192,602,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0BE819EFFFEFF9FFF249FDEFDEBFE53" bold="true" box="[192,602,426,450]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFDEBFE53" ID-CoL="7W5GJ" authority="Horn" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[192,602,426,450]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFDEBFE53" bold="true" box="[192,602,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFDBAFE53" bold="true" box="[192,523,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Onthophagus brevifrons</emphasis>
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Horn
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249FBEFEF0FE73" box="[192,321,458,482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249FBEFEF0FE73" blockId="13.[192,602,426,482]" box="[192,321,458,482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFFEFF9FFF249FBEFEF0FE73" box="[192,321,458,482]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 36–40</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249F8EFDF6FCA5" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249F8EFDF6FCA5" blockId="13.[192,1440,506,820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249F8EFEFFFD83" bold="true" box="[192,334,506,530]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Weakly shining black, often with bluish or greenish reflections. Length
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<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFB4D9F8FFAACFD83" box="[1193,1309,507,531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
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. Pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFFEFF9FFF2D9C6FFEAEFDA2" box="[201,287,539,563]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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) bearing sharply defined, sometimes setose, deep punctures interspersed with much smaller, shallower punctures, puncturing densest on anterior face and disk. Front legs similar in both sexes, not elongate in male (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFFEFF9FFE719C2FFE5BFDE2" box="[405,490,603,627]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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). Elytral interstriae tuberculate. Male (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFFEFF9FFC219C2FFBF4FDE2" box="[965,1093,603,627]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 36–37</figureCitation>
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) – Clypeus reflexed, anterior edge truncate, transverse carina absent or only weakly indicated; frontal carina with median tubercle; pronotum strongly humped anteriorly, hump rounded (seen from above), presenting a near-vertical, bilaterally weakly concave anterior surface. Female (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFFEFF9FFCD59CCFFC33FD45" box="[817,898,699,724]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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) – Clypeus rounded, scarcely reflexed, clypeal carina strong, raised medially; frontal carina strongly developed, extending between eyes; pronotum convex, broadly tumid anteriorly, but never as strongly as in male. This species was re-described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFF249D68FDF2FCA5" author="Howden, H. F. & O. L. Cartwright" box="[192,579,796,820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref18230" refString="Howden, H. F., and O. L. Cartwright. 1963. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114: 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1963">Howden and Cartwright (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249D38FE68FBA5" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249D38FC06FCF5" blockId="13.[192,1440,844,997]" box="[192,951,844,869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249D38FDA2FCF5" bold="true" box="[192,531,844,868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Big Bend collection sites</emphasis>
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(altitudinal range:
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<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFCE79D38FC1BFCF5" box="[771,938,844,868]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5975" metricValueMax="1.785" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1597.5" valueMax="1785.0" valueMin="1410.0">1410–1785 m</quantity>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF0C9D18FD86FC54" blockId="13.[192,1440,844,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CAFFFFEFF9FFF0C9D18FDEDFC35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871684" county="Presidio Co." latitude="30.021666" location="Marfa" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-104.46166" municipality="Pinto Canyon Ranch" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCounty id="62974E7EFFFEFF9FFF0C9D18FE31FC15" box="[232,384,876,900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Presidio Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFE689D18FE01FC15" bold="true" box="[396,432,876,900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">[1]</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC88FFFEFF9FFE5D9D18FD06FC15" box="[441,695,876,900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Pinto Canyon Ranch</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(~
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||
<locationDeviation id="9A442FD0FFFEFF9FFD3C9D18FCDAFC15" bearing="202.5" box="[728,875,876,900]" distance="58000.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFD3C9D18FC97FC15" box="[728,806,876,900]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="58.0">58 km</quantity>
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SSW
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</locationDeviation>
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||
<location id="8E966029FFFEFF9FFC979D18FC0FFC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E4FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFCC9F959:8E966029FFFEFF9FFC979D18FC0FFC15" box="[883,958,876,900]" county="Presidio Co." latitude="30.021666" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-104.46166" municipality="Pinto Canyon Ranch" name="Marfa" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Marfa</location>
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on FM 2810),
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D5035FFFEFF9FFB979D18FB4DFC15" box="[1139,1276,875,900]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="18" value="30.021666">30°01′18″N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D5035FFFEFF9FFAE09D18FA11FC15" box="[1284,1440,875,900]" degrees="104" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-104.46166">104°27′42″W</geoCoordinate>
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||
(headquarters area),
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||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFE5F9DF8FDA0FC35" box="[443,529,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1475.0">1475 m</quantity>
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||
(Aug)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CAFFFFEFF9FFD829DF8FD82FC54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871689" collectorName="C. E. Miller Ranch" country="Netherlands" elevation="1410" latitude="30.547222" location="Camp" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-104.66111" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFD829DF8FD38FC35" bold="true" box="[614,649,908,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">[2]</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC5324FFFEFF9FFD6A9DF8FCD5FC35" box="[654,868,908,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">C.E. Miller Ranch</collectorName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A442FD0FFFEFF9FFC669DF8FBD8FC35" box="[898,1129,908,932]" location="Valentine" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFC669DF8FC7AFC35" box="[898,971,908,932]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
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||
W Valentine
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||
</locationDeviation>
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||
),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D5035FFFEFF9FFB9F9DF8FAB0FC35" box="[1147,1281,907,932]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="50" value="30.547222">30°32′50″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D5035FFFEFF9FFAE29DF8FA11FC35" box="[1286,1440,907,932]" degrees="104" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-104.66111">104°39′40″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8E966029FFFEFF9FFF2C9DD9FEA0FC54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E4FFFEFF9FFF249FDEFCC9F959:8E966029FFFEFF9FFF2C9DD9FEA0FC54" box="[200,273,941,965]" country="Netherlands" latitude="30.547222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-104.66111" name="Camp" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Camp</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFEFF9FFEFD9DD8FECDFC55" box="[281,380,940,964]" name="Netherlands" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFE6F9DD9FE57FC55" box="[395,486,941,965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1410.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0064D1C1FFFEFF9FFE6F9DD9FE57FC55" box="[395,486,941,965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1410.0">1410 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Aug)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF0C9DB9FAA9FC74" blockId="13.[192,1440,844,997]" box="[232,1304,971,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CAFFFFEFF9FFF0C9DB9FAA2FC74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871695" box="[232,1299,971,997]" county="Jeff Davis Co." latitude="31.628334" location="Davis Mountains Preserve" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-104.08361" municipality="Davis Mountains Preserve" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62974E7EFFFEFF9FFF0C9DB9FE27FC74" box="[232,406,973,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Jeff Davis Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFE459DB8FE74FC75" bold="true" box="[417,453,972,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">[1]</emphasis>
|
||
*
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC88FFFEFF9FFE3C9DB9FC90FC75" box="[472,801,973,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Davis Mountains Preserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D5035FFFEFF9FFCC99DB9FC07FC75" box="[813,950,971,997]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="42" value="31.628334">31°37′42″N</geoCoordinate>
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D5035FFFEFF9FFC599DB9FBEAFC75" box="[957,1115,971,997]" degrees="104" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-104.08361">104°05′01″W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFB839DB9FB70FC75" box="[1127,1217,973,997]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.785" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1785.0">1785 m</quantity>
|
||
(May)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249D88FE68FBA5" blockId="13.[192,1440,1020,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249D88FE54FB85" bold="true" box="[192,485,1020,1044]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Collection method(s).</emphasis>
|
||
a) baited pitfall trap (human feces); b) direct capture on ground surface; (c) soil beneath
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFECE9A69FE27FBA5" baseAuthorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[298,406,1053,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFECE9A69FE27FBA5" box="[298,406,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Neotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249A39FC2EFB04" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249A39FD1AFBF4" blockId="13.[192,683,1101,1125]" box="[192,683,1101,1125]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249A39FE12FBF4" bold="true" box="[192,419,1101,1125]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Surface activity.</emphasis>
|
||
Presumed nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249A09FC2EFB04" blockId="13.[192,927,1149,1173]" box="[192,927,1149,1173]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249A09FE80FB04" bold="true" box="[192,305,1149,1173]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
All zones in association with wood rats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFCC79A0AFC3EFB04" baseAuthorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[803,911,1150,1173]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFCC79A0AFC3EFB04" box="[803,911,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Neotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249AD9FCC9F959" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249AD9FCC9F959" blockId="13.[192,1440,1197,1736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249AD9FEE8FB54" bold="true" box="[192,345,1197,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFE819AD9FD3EFB54" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[357,655,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFE819AD9FD3EFB54" box="[357,655,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Onthophagus brevifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the scarcest and largest species of Big Bend
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFB109AD9FA28FB54" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1268,1433,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFB109AD9FA28FB54" box="[1268,1433,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Onthophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, always collected in low numbers (one to four individuals in lethal pitfalls) in creek beds and arroyos where wood rats are known to occur. The low numbers undoubtedly reflect a strong preference for wood rat feces such that significant numbers are more likely to result by excavating the soil beneath the rodent′ s nest quarters. It is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFD6C9B5AFCD2FAD7" authority="Horn" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[648,867,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coproides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFD6C9B5AFD2CFAD4" box="[648,669,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFD4D9B5AFCAAFAD7" box="[681,795,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">coproides</emphasis>
|
||
Horn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an inquiline in pocket gopher nests in Arizona, New Mexico and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFEFF9FFDE99B3AFDD2FAF7" box="[525,611,1358,1382]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and to other species of mountainous
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFEFF9FFBD39B3AFB3CFAF7" box="[1079,1165,1358,1382]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
with broadly humped male pronotum (the chevrolati group), many of which are associated with mammal nests. This species is one of a triplet of closely related
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFEFF9FFD819BFBFD3AFA36" box="[613,651,1423,1447]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
species, all with specialized microhabitats:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFB7B9BFBFA8DFA37" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[1183,1340,1422,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFB7B9BFBFA8DFA37" box="[1183,1340,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O. brevifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wood rat nests;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFEDF9BDBFCAFFA56" authority="Howden and Cartwright" authorityName="Howden and Cartwright" box="[315,798,1454,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFEDF9BDBFE5DFA57" box="[315,492,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O. subtropicus</emphasis>
|
||
Howden and Cartwright
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wood rat nests of east
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF810FFFEFF9FFBB39BDBFB13FA57" box="[1111,1186,1455,1478]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFB009BDBFE58FA76" authority="Howden and Cartwright" authorityName="Howden and Cartwright" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFB009BDBFA2EFA57" box="[1252,1439,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O. cavernicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Howden and Cartwright
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with cave-dwelling bats in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF810FFFEFF9FFCD09BBBFC18FA76" box="[820,937,1487,1511]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFC539BBBFAA4FA76" author="Halffter, G. & E. G. Matthews" box="[951,1301,1487,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="12 - 14" refId="ref17984" refString="Halffter, G., and E. G. Matthews. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana Nos. 12 - 14. 312 p." type="book chapter" year="1966">Halffter and Matthews 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFAC39BBBFEBCF996" author="Slay, M. E. & P. E. Skelley & S. J. Taylor" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="187 - 199" refId="ref19224" refString="Slay, M. E., P. E. Skelley, and S. J. Taylor. 2012. New records of Onthophagus cavernicollis Howden and Cartwright (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Ozark Caves, with a review of scarabaeoids reported from North American caves. The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (3): 187 - 199" type="journal article" year="2012">Slay et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculate that this latter species, while collected in bat guano, actually utilizes wood rat dung in the caves for breeding. Small males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFD79987BFC8DF9B6" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[669,828,1551,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFD79987BFD03F9B7" box="[669,690,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFD25987BFC8DF9B6" box="[705,828,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">brevifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can closely resemble the female, from which they can be distinguished by having a medially emarginate last abdominal sternum (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFFEFF9FFB14985BFAFBF9D6" box="[1264,1354,1583,1607]" captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="27.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[191,1439,365,1602]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 26–35. Canthon. 26) C. imitator, dorsal view, male. 27) Same, ventral view of abdomen. 28) Same, ventral view of female abdomen. 29) C. blumei, dorsal view, female. 30) Same, oblique dorsal view of forebody. 31) Same, ventral view of right propleuron (arrow marks transverse carina). 32) C. imitator, ventral view of right propleuron. 33) C. mixtus, dorsal view, male. 34) C. praticola, dorsal view, female. 35) Same, oblique view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708198/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFA85985BFE3FF9F9" author="Riley, E. G. & C. S. Wolfe" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19051" refString="Riley, E. G., and C. S. Wolfe. 2003. An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea of Texas (Coleoptera). Southwestern Entomologist, Supplement No. 26. 37 p." type="book" year="2003">Riley and Wolfe (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFDE0983BFD13F9F6" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[516,674,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFDE0983BFD13F9F6" box="[516,674,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O. brevifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also from south
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF810FFFEFF9FFC8F9824FC02F9F6" box="[875,947,1616,1639]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the Panhandle plains regions of the state.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFEE9981BFD2EF916" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. & V. J. Polyak" box="[269,671,1647,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="181 - 192" refId="ref17241" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C., and V. J. Polyak. 1996. Biology of the caves at Sinkhole Flat, Eddy County, New Mexico. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 58: 181 - 192." type="journal article" year="1996">Cokendolpher and Polyak (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected a specimen from Milliped Cave, Sinkhole Flat, Eddy Co., NM (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFEA698E4FE3FF939" box="[322,398,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Carlsbad ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFFEFF9FFDAA98E4FD17F939" box="[590,678,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1277599999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="ft" value="3700.0">3700 ft</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFD5E98E4FB84F939" author="Howden, H. F. & O. L. Cartwright" box="[698,1077,1680,1704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref18230" refString="Howden, H. F., and O. L. Cartwright. 1963. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114: 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1963">Howden and Cartwright (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report collecting it along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFF2498C4FE89F956" box="[192,312,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF2498C4FE89F956" box="[192,312,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">O. browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFE0398C4FDE2F956" baseAuthorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[487,595,1712,1735]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFE0398C4FDE2F956" box="[487,595,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Neotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest in Portal,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF810FFFEFF9FFCF498C4FCC5F959" box="[784,884,1712,1736]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |