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<document id="2C6FA0E19C48B0F02DA8C09DCD4BF039" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8971730-b680-42c1-a883-8a6dddf9e66d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="163344" ID-ZooBank="C3AD6591-AF2B-42C7-9548-9F37A1F90E2A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477477938265" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kottelat, Maurice" docDate="2016" docId="03E087BFFF94F34CDDEC91E8FBAE3FDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gonorynchidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="446" masterDocId="FFD9FFC7FF96F34FDD7B974BFFB33A1A" masterDocTitle="On Gonorynchus, Gonorhynchus, Gonorinchus, Gonorhinchus and Gonorrhynchus, and some other names of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Gonorynchidae and Cyprinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="445" updateTime="1698390888947" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3B0C1D6D2EDBFAB5D0EEE235964E3768">On Gonorynchus, Gonorhynchus, Gonorinchus, Gonorhinchus and Gonorrhynchus, and some other names of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Gonorynchidae and Cyprinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CF33487176DCBCF6B8163D0E65D4D44B">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E087BFFF94F34CDDEC91E8FBAE3FDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086907" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124558222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087BFFF94F34CDDEC91E8FBAE3FDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087BFFF94F34CDDEC91E8FBAE3FDA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<subSubSection id="C3536522FF94F34CDDEC91E8FD573B07" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF94F34DDDEC91E8FDE83CA7" blockId="2.[151,603,1699,1725]" box="[151,603,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<heading id="D0BE81C5FF94F34DDDEC91E8FDE83CA7" bold="true" box="[151,603,1699,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDDEC91E8FDE83CA7" bold="true" box="[151,603,1699,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDDEC91E8FEEA3CA7" ID-CoL="623M6" ID-ENA="30764" box="[151,345,1699,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
vs.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDCF291E8FDE83CA7" box="[393,603,1699,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF94F34CDDEC91A2FD573B07" blockId="2.[151,1437,1769,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1473]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
The family-group name
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDCBD91A2FD323D18" box="[454,641,1769,1794]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
was made available by Richardson, 1848: v, with the spelling
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDDEC9046FEE63D3C" box="[151,341,1805,1830]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
. Richardson refered to Valenciennes (in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF94F34DDE559046FBCC3D3C" author="Cuvier" box="[814,1151,1805,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refString="Cuvier, G. &amp; Valenciennes, A. (1847) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dix-neuvieme. Bertrand, Paris, xix + 544 pp., pls. 554 - 590." type="book chapter" year="1847">Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes 1847</bibRefCitation>
: 179). Valenciennes (pp. 179, 202), however, never used latinized family group names, only French and gallicised Greek names. He effectively has a chapter titled “Des Gonorhynques (
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDF96901EFBAD3D74" authority="Gronovius" authorityName="Gronovius" box="[749,1054,1877,1902]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDF96901EFC223D74" box="[749,913,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
, Gronovius
</taxonomicName>
)”. Even if not latinized, the name could have been available from Valenciennes but only if he had used the correct stem of the name
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DD98C9032FA283D88" box="[1271,1435,1913,1938]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DD98C9032FA283D88" box="[1271,1435,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDDDB90D6FF6F3DAC" box="[160,220,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Code</emphasis>
art. 11.7.2).
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF94F34DDC1590D6FDA13DAC" box="[366,530,1949,1974]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDC1590D6FDA13DAC" box="[366,530,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a word ending in a Greek word (rhynchos) latinized with a change in ending (rhynchus); following
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDCDA908AFE6F3DC0" box="[417,476,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Code</emphasis>
art. 29.3.2, the stem is
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF94F34DDE71908AFC2C3DC0" box="[778,927,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gonorhynch-</emphasis>
. But Valenciennes used a gallicized word gonorhynque and the family-group name cannot be available from his work. Therefore Richardson is the author of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC97F7FEE63ACF" box="[151,341,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
, though clearly based on Valenciennes'
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDE6697F7FC723ACF" box="[797,961,188,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE6697F7FC723ACF" box="[797,961,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which although refering to Gronovius is
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC9794FE663AE2" authority="Cuvier, 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,469,223,248]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDDEC9794FE8F3AE2" box="[151,316,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1816
</taxonomicName>
, not
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDF719794FCF53AE2" authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[522,838,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDF719794FD123AE2" box="[522,673,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CDFD39794FCF53AE2" author="Scopoli" box="[680,838,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Scopoli, G. A. (1777) Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde at leges naturae. Gerle, Prag, 506 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10827" type="book" year="1777">Scopoli, 1777</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore the oldest available spelling of the familygroup name is
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDC46964FFE483B07" box="[317,507,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
, not
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDF4B964FFD523B07" box="[560,737,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536522FF95F34CDDBC966CFBAE3FDA" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF95F34CDDBC966CFC5C3BEF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CDDBC966CFE1B3B5A" author="Fowler" box="[199,424,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (13), 1 - 879. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.90 - 3106.1" type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler (1941: 728)</bibRefCitation>
, the first author to treat
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFB9966CFC0B3B5A" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" box="[706,952,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDFB9966CFCEA3B5A" box="[706,857,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
Scopoli
</taxonomicName>
as valid after 1919, listed
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD98C966CFA283B5A" box="[1271,1435,295,320]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CD98C966CFA283B5A" box="[1271,1435,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gronovius as non-binominal. Fowler did not mention
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDE379607FB053B7F" authority="Cuvier. Fowler" authorityName="Cuvier. Fowler" box="[844,1206,332,357]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE379607FC423B7F" box="[844,1009,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Cuvier. Fowler
</taxonomicName>
used the spelling
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC9624FEF43B92" box="[151,327,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDCF99624FD363B92" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[386,645,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae Fowler</taxonomicName>
cannot be an emendation of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDEB09624FABE3B92" authority="Richardson" authorityName="Richardson" box="[971,1293,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson</taxonomicName>
because this last name was nowhere mentioned. Similarly, there is no objective way of stating that
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD9EE96DFFA2F3BB7" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[1173,1436,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae Fowler</taxonomicName>
would be an incorrect subsequent spelling of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFE196FCFBEE3BCA" authority="Richardson. Therefore" authorityName="Richardson. Therefore" box="[666,1117,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson. Therefore</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD91296FCFADE3BCA" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[1129,1389,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae Fowler</taxonomicName>
can only be treated as a new family-group name based on
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDF8F9697FC5C3BEF" authority="Scopoli." authorityName="Scopoli." box="[756,1007,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDF8F9697FC383BEF" box="[756,907,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
Scopoli.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF95F34CDDBC954BFC0D387A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
An alternative interpretation, that
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDF2796B4FCD63802" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[604,869,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae Fowler</taxonomicName>
was based on an unjustified emendation or an incorrect spelling of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDCFF956FFD9B3827" box="[388,552,548,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDCFF956FFD9B3827" box="[388,552,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is not possible because Fowler did not emend
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD931956FFB5D3827" box="[1098,1262,548,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CD931956FFB5D3827" box="[1098,1262,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in which case
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDDEC950CFF60387A" box="[151,211,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
art. 35.4.1 would apply) but explicitly used
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFB8950CFC0D387A" authority="Scopoli." authorityName="Scopoli." box="[707,958,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDFB8950CFCEA387A" box="[707,857,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
Scopoli.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF95F34CDDBC9526FE8D3922" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
In conclusion,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDC079527FCA7389E" authority="Fowler, 1941: 728" authorityName="Fowler" authorityPageNumber="728" authorityYear="1941" box="[380,788,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Gonorynchidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CDF4C9527FD64389E" author="Fowler" box="[567,727,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (13), 1 - 879. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.90 - 3106.1" type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 728
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD9379527FEB238B2" authority="Richardson. Although" authorityName="Richardson. Although" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson. Although</taxonomicName>
he did not state it explicitly, Fowler created
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDE7D95C4FC0038B2" box="[774,947,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
because of the then-prevailing view that a family name must be based on a valid generic name (here
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDE2F95FFFC5838D7" box="[852,1003,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE2F95FFFC5838D7" box="[852,1003,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and not on a junior synonym (here
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC959CFE8838EA" box="[151,315,727,752]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDDEC959CFE8838EA" box="[151,315,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This is not correct under article 40.1 of the present
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE9F959CFBAC38EA" box="[996,1055,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
: the oldest family group name (
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDE595B7FE55390F" authority="Richardson" authorityName="Richardson" box="[158,486,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson</taxonomicName>
) is the valid one, even if its type genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDEAB95B7FBC7390F" box="[976,1140,764,789]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDEAB95B7FBC7390F" box="[976,1140,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is a junior synonym (of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC9454FE9D3922" box="[151,302,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDDEC9454FE9D3922" box="[151,302,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF95F34CDDBC940EFB173EDF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
However,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDC46940FFD793946" authority="Richardson, 1848" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[317,714,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson, 1848</taxonomicName>
had been replaced by
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDEAF940FFB323947" box="[980,1153,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
before 1961 (by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CD836940FFF63399A" author="Fowler" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (13), 1 - 879. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.90 - 3106.1" type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler 1941</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDC62942CFE75399A" box="[281,454,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
is now more frequently used.
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE41942CFCC6399A" box="[826,885,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
art. 40.2 would require to give precedence to
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC94C7FEF739BF" box="[151,324,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
over
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDCFD94C7FDF239BF" box="[390,577,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
if the former were in “prevailing usage”. The glossary of the
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CD87C94C7FAF139BF" box="[1287,1346,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
defines prevailing usage as “that usage of the name which is adopted by at least a substantial majority of the most recent authors concerned with the relevant taxon”, but it does not define “subtantial majority”. Obviously it means much more than a simple majority. A brief review of the taxonomic literature of the last 20 years suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC9357FEF73E2F" box="[151,324,1052,1077]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
is used in more than 80 % of the relevant titles.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDE029357FB873E2F" box="[889,1076,1052,1077]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
is rarely used as valid name in taxonomic literature; it is mostly seen in non taxonomic literature (hence not quantified). I consider that this qualifies as “substantial majority” and that
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFF8932FFC833E67" box="[643,816,1124,1149]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
must be retained (
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CD97E932FFBF33E67" box="[1029,1088,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
art. 40.2); it becomes a senior synonym, and is deemed to have been published in 1848 (
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE5E93CCFCD33EBA" box="[805,864,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
art. 40.2.1, Recommendation 40A). Precedence of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC93E7FEF73EDF" box="[151,324,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
over
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDCF893E7FD8D3EDF" box="[387,574,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
also greatly reduces the potential for future confusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636A9FF95F34CDDBC9384FBAE3FDA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
The Example in the
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDCB99384FE4E3EF2" box="[450,509,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Code</emphasis>
is straightforward. If the generic and family names are replaced by those of gonorhynchids, it reads: “The fish family name
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFA193BFFBC23F16" authority="Richardson, 1848" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[730,1137,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson, 1848</taxonomicName>
, based on
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD98C93BFFE9D3F2A" authority="Cuvier, 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CD98C93BFFA283F17" box="[1271,1435,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
Cuvier, 1816
</taxonomicName>
, was used until
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CDC94925CFD203F2A" author="Fowler" box="[495,659,1303,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (13), 1 - 879. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.90 - 3106.1" type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler (1941)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDE46925CFC523F2A" box="[829,993,1303,1328]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Gonorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDE46925CFC523F2A" box="[829,993,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CD953925CFADA3F2A" authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[1064,1385,1303,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CD953925CFB0D3F2A" box="[1064,1214,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CD9B1925CFADA3F2A" author="Scopoli" box="[1226,1385,1303,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Scopoli, G. A. (1777) Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde at leges naturae. Gerle, Prag, 506 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10827" type="book" year="1777">Scopoli, 1777</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and adopted
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDD8D9277FE153F4F" box="[246,422,1340,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
, based on the senior synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDF829277FC233F4F" box="[761,912,1340,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEABBFF95F34CDF829277FC233F4F" box="[761,912,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gonorynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This family name has been almost universally used since that time and it is to be maintained. [...]
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFA09214FC3B3F62" box="[731,904,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorynchidae</taxonomicName>
is cited with its own author and date, followed by the date of the replaced name in parentheses:
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDFAA92CFFBC43F86" authority="Fowler, 1941" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[721,1143,1412,1437]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Gonorynchidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B58FF95F34CDEF392CFFBAC3F86" author="Fowler" box="[904,1055,1412,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1941) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (13), 1 - 879. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.90 - 3106.1" type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941</bibRefCitation>
(1848)
</taxonomicName>
. It takes precedence over
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2AFF95F34CDDEC92ECFD923FDA" authority="Richardson, 1848" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,545,1447,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gonorhynchidae Richardson, 1848</taxonomicName>
, and any subsequently published synonyms.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>