2727 lines
342 KiB
XML
2727 lines
342 KiB
XML
<document id="A635DCE91E314EE2A3D917D8F22F605C" ID-CLB-Dataset="30268" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e907a366-2077-42be-9497-33071f17a051" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1221060" ID-ZooBank="DC9BD547-0A35-4F22-821C-0ED6F9481937" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524143383080" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monteiro, Juliane Petry De Carli, Condez, Thais Helena, Garcia, Paulo Christiano De Anchietta, Comitti, Estevão Jasper, Amaral, Ivan Borel & Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista" docDate="2018" docId="03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4407.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4407 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Brachycephalus actaeus Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="500" masterDocId="FFD9FFF12A65B26FFF985424374EFF9B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="505" masterPageNumber="483" pageNumber="486" updateTime="1698536880326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="532F934BF481465C6F262DDD24FFAD05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="83B0805941D7208E2694A1A556E504FD">A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F45A9293F1DF09799A800C4B775BDFAE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4522D4433841732BDBEEB7D04336A516">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2AB777A195E5639794B891804F32806D">Monteiro, Juliane Petry De Carli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="321248CB6047E49EA28A5CB9D687A9F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F35EB20FC08A4412F57D39E2D13ECB0F">Condez, Thais Helena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2FCEA0203C6DA70C03D0F0ACFF3115CB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="810A05804AC75BE0F140D0DDB55F0A91">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="259E8C58C57503428AEB4E2AFF1C735A">Garcia, Paulo Christiano De Anchietta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="96A0E474933873FA8B5B3A2926E0118A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="41106A0722EE0CD23EE9B398C67C2879">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD49EBDF0F4F887D957C0045B0E85C1E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2D6648F48B8D39A477372E7D393F3F11">Comitti, Estevão Jasper</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3B5FC66CE48C561CB025099A3F4AD04E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8005FA3F196B32E94ED0120F68951458">Amaral, Ivan Borel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E63EB7DFBF0DCA2D0087F5B0C4582E20" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0054718D947D852EA56DD32CB9826729">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7E95259F96D42ADF77657A5C5DA2D3C3">Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80248E3F1466F8C4B3BA61D7BED2FDBE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D5659F9E9331EB6AD3F16F73C498A36A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="825EC7D75581A9F69FC2BB6105AD64C5">
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<mods:date id="F6CCEA035E1E03A8ABAB049557ACDD05">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8622114110F4B733DC605312E742AFC">2018-04-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AEA36D0AAAA7230DAA8AA8136DDF4D88">4407</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A4341591DF51FA32179D18345290054E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5C831544D6900ED84A96A989AF1340CD">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="83CE9A7DC2D37AC158051E528024B5BD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961887" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143605173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
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<subSubSection id="C35365142A66B26CFF0F528436D1F947" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A66B26CFF0F528436D1F947" blockId="3.[151,541,1696,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A66B26CFF0F528436F3F921" ID-CoL="5WQ8V" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,445,1696,1722]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A66B26CFF0F528436F3F921" bold="true" box="[151,445,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A66B26CFE5C52863553F920" box="[452,541,1698,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A66B26CFE5C52863553F920" bold="true" box="[452,541,1698,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A66B26CFF0F52E0364EF947" box="[151,256,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[202,1417,394,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1737]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head, (C) ventral view of left hand, and (D) ventral view of left foot. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221062/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A66B26CFE9652E03650F947" box="[270,286,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[197,1346,870,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,841,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE2. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH39850 (holotype), adult male.(A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.Scale bar = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A66B26CFEB252E03674F946" box="[298,314,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A66B26CFEDE52E13618F947" box="[326,342,1733,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[191,1384,234,742]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE7. Juvenile of Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. in life (snout-vent length = 5.0 mm). (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of the specimen CFBH 39859 (paratype), from Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, Distrito do Saí, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221074/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">7</figureCitation>
|
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, and 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35365142A66B26BFF0F532837A2FF4E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A66B26CFF0F532837FBF80B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1804,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
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<materialsCitation id="3B213CC22A66B26CFF0F532837FBF80B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119834" collectingDate="2015-05-19" collectionCode="CFBH" collectorName="C. F. B. Haddad & J. P. C. Monteiro & E. C. Nardin" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.297222" location="Serra da Palha" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.674446" municipality="Ilha de Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" specimenCode="CFBH 39850" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A66B26CFF0F53283645F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,267,1804,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
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<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A66B26CFF0F53283648F8BE" box="[151,262,1804,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBEF9EE42A66B26CFE8F532836F8F8BE" box="[279,438,1804,1829]" collectionCode="CFBH" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">CFBH 39850</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult male, collected at
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A66B26CFD7F532834D8F8BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A66B26CFD7F532834D8F8BE" box="[743,918,1804,1829]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.297222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.674446" municipality="Ilha de Sao Francisco do Sul" name="Serra da Palha" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Serra da Palha</location>
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,
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||
<location id="8E9660442A66B26CFC3F53283366F8BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A66B26CFC3F53283366F8BE" box="[935,1064,1804,1829]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.297222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.674446" municipality="Ilha de Sao Francisco do Sul" name="Laranjeiras" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Laranjeiras</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92ACE52A66B26CFBA0532832D6F8BE" box="[1080,1432,1804,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Ilha de São Francisco do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, municipality of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62974E132A66B26CFED153143579F8D3" box="[329,567,1839,1864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">São Francisco do Sul</collectingCounty>
|
||
, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A66B26CFD025314340FF8D3" box="[666,833,1839,1864]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A66B26CFCD3530B34C1F8D3" box="[843,911,1839,1864]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A66B26CFC07530B336FF8D3" box="[927,1057,1839,1864]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" precision="15" value="-26.297222">26°17'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A66B26CFBB5531433F9F8D3" box="[1069,1207,1839,1864]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" precision="15" value="-48.674446">
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48
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A66B26CFBD1530B331AF8D3" bold="true" box="[1097,1108,1839,1864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">°</emphasis>
|
||
40'28"W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Datum WGS 84, ca 60 meters above sea level), on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9B72A66B26CFE60537035DDF8F6" box="[504,659,1876,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="2015-05-19">
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A66B26CFE60537035DDF8F6" box="[504,659,1876,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="2015-05-19">19 May 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A66B26CFD5B53703423F8F6" box="[707,877,1876,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">C.F.B. Haddad</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A66B26CFCE153703365F8F6" box="[889,1067,1876,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">J.P.C. Monteiro</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A66B26CFBF0537033BEF8F6" box="[1128,1264,1876,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">E.C. Nardin</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A66B26CFA9853703222F8F7" box="[1280,1388,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[202,1417,394,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1737]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head, (C) ventral view of left hand, and (D) ventral view of left foot. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221062/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A66B26CFF0F535C37E6F80B" box="[151,168,1912,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[197,1346,870,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,841,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE2. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH39850 (holotype), adult male.(A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.Scale bar = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221064/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A66B26BFF5F53B837A2FF4E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1804,2009]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A66B26CFF5F53B83635F82E" bold="true" box="[199,379,1948,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE5A2A66B26CFE1C53B83683F82F" box="[388,461,1948,1972]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">CFBH</collectionCode>
|
||
39851, adult female, collected with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A66B26CFC3C53B83347F82E" box="[932,1033,1948,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE5A2A66B26CFB8053B8332FF82F" box="[1048,1121,1948,1972]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">CFBH</collectionCode>
|
||
39872, 39873, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE5A2A66B26CFAD353B832D2F82F" box="[1355,1436,1948,1972]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z0ie-wfm6" name="Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">UFMG</collectionCode>
|
||
18973, adult males, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A66B26CFD8C53E435BAF842" box="[532,756,1984,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="486" value="2015-11-25">25 November 2015</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro, T.H. Condez, and E.C. Nardin;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE5A2A66B26CFACB53E432D2F843" box="[1363,1436,1984,2008]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="3" pageNumber="486">CFBH</collectionCode>
|
||
39876, adult male, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE5A2A61B26BFE3B54BC36A2FF2B" box="[419,492,152,176]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CFBH</collectionCode>
|
||
39877, adult female, collected on 0
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFC1D54BC331FFF2B" box="[901,1105,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-12-02">2 December 2015</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro and E.C. Nardin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A61B26BFF5F54FB32C8FC53" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A61B26BFF5F54FB32C8FC53" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CC22A61B26BFF5F54FB32D7FEDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119833" collectingDate="2014-11-14" collectionCode="CFBH" collectorName="E. J. Comitti" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.296389" location="Ilha de Sao Francisco do Sul" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.619442" municipality="Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="CFBH 39846" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF5F54FB3608FF63" bold="true" box="[199,326,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A61B26BFF5F54FB360FFF63" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBEF9EE42A61B26BFED554C436A9FF63" box="[333,487,223,248]" collectionCode="CFBH" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CFBH 39846</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult male, cleared and double-stained, collected at Fazenda Morro Grande, Morro Grande,
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFF6455203514FE86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFF6455203514FE86" box="[252,602,260,285]" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.296389" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.619442" municipality="Sao Francisco do Sul" name="Ilha de Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Ilha de São Francisco do Sul</location>
|
||
, municipality of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92ACE52A61B26BFCB055203366FE86" box="[808,1064,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">São Francisco do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A61B26BFB0355203206FE86" box="[1179,1352,260,285]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A61B26BFAC0552032D2FE86" box="[1368,1436,260,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFF075503366CFEDB" box="[159,290,295,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-26.296389">
|
||
26
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF2455033789FEDB" bold="true" box="[188,199,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">°</emphasis>
|
||
17'47"S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFEB6550C36F6FEDB" box="[302,440,296,320]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-48.619442">48°37'10"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Datum WGS 84, ca 60 meters above sea level), on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9B72A61B26BFB9C550C33AEFEDB" box="[1028,1248,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2014-11-14">
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFB9C550C33AEFEDB" box="[1028,1248,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2014-11-14">14 November 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFA96550C32D7FEDB" box="[1294,1433,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E.J. Comitti</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. UFMG 18970, adult female, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFDEA55683401FEFF" box="[626,847,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2014-11-15">15 November 2014</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro, T.H. Condez, and E.J. Comitti; CFBH 39849, sub-adult female, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFD34555434C1FE13" box="[684,911,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2014-11-21">21 November 2014</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro and E.C. Nardin; CFBH 39848, adult male, cleared and double-stained, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFCD955B034B1FE36" box="[833,1023,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-01-21">21 January 2015</date>
|
||
, by C.F.B. Haddad, J.P.C. Monteiro, T.H. Condez, and E.J. Comitti; UFMG 18971, adult male, collected on 0
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFC47559C33C6FE4B" box="[991,1160,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-08-01">1 August 2015</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro and E.C. Nardin; CFBH 39855–39858 and 39861, adult males, CFBH 39860, adult female,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CC22A61B26BFB0955F832D6FDFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119832" collectingDate="2015-11-23" collectionCode="CEPA" collectorName="J. P. C. Monteiro & T. H. Condez & E. C. Nardin & de Estudos & Datum" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.2275" location="Centro de Estudos" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.691944" municipality="Distrito do Sai" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="CFBH 39859" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBEF9EE42A61B26BFB0955F83263FE6E" box="[1169,1325,476,501]" collectionCode="CFBH" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CFBH 39859</specimenCode>
|
||
, juvenile, collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9B72A61B26BFEB556243540FD83" box="[301,526,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-23">
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFEB556243540FD83" box="[301,526,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-23">23 November 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFDDB562435B9FD83" box="[579,759,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">J.P.C. Monteiro</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFC9E562434D7FD83" box="[774,921,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">T.H. Condez</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFC4356243326FD83" box="[987,1128,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E.C. Nardin</collectorName>
|
||
; all collected at
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFAB3562437BEFDA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFAB3562437BEFDA6" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.2275" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.691944" municipality="Distrito do Sai" name="Centro de Estudos" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
|
||
Centro
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFA1A55DB37BEFDA6" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">de Estudos</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
e
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFE92560035CCFDA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFE92560035CCFDA6" box="[266,642,548,573]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.2275" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.691944" municipality="Distrito do Sai" name="Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE5A2A61B26BFD0956003592FDA7" box="[657,732,548,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CEPA</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFD77560034DEFDA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFD77560034DEFDA6" box="[751,912,548,573]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Francisco do Sul" latitude="-26.2275" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.691944" municipality="Distrito do Sai" name="Vila da Gloria" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Vila da Glória</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92ACE52A61B26BFC035600330EFDA7" box="[923,1088,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Distrito do Saí</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, municipality of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62974E132A61B26BFB66560037ADFDFB" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">São Francisco do Sul</collectingCounty>
|
||
, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A61B26BFED1566C36BEFDFB" box="[329,496,583,608]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A61B26BFE645663350EFDFB" box="[508,576,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFDC85663359DFDFB" box="[592,723,583,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-26.2275">
|
||
26
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDF556633536FDFB" bold="true" box="[621,632,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">°</emphasis>
|
||
13'39"S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFD78566C3424FDFB" box="[736,874,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-48.691944">
|
||
48
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD6456633449FDFB" bold="true" box="[764,775,583,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">°</emphasis>
|
||
41'31"W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFCEE566C348CFDC4" box="[886,962,584,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Datum</collectorName>
|
||
WGS 84, ca 120 meters above sea level)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. CFBH 39853 and 39854, adult males, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFD7C564834D0FD1E" box="[740,926,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-08-27">27 August 2015</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro and E.C. Nardin;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CC22A61B26BFACB56483417FD6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119830" collectingDate="2015-11-23" collectionCode="CFBH" collectorName="E. C. Nardin & Datum" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.201668" location="Sao Francisco do Sul" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.69361" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="CFBH 39862" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBEF9EE42A61B26BFACB564837AEFD33" collectionCode="CFBH" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CFBH 39862</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult female, collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9B72A61B26BFDB456B4345EFD33" box="[556,784,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-23">
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFDB456B4345EFD33" box="[556,784,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-23">23 November 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro, T.H. Condez, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFB7156B43236FD33" box="[1257,1400,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E.C. Nardin</collectorName>
|
||
; at Estrada do Saí, Distrito do Saí, municipality of
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFD2A569034EBFD56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFD2A569034EBFD56" box="[690,933,692,717]" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.201668" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.69361" name="Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">São Francisco do Sul</location>
|
||
, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A61B26BFB93569033FAFD56" box="[1035,1204,692,717]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A61B26BFB275690324DFD56" box="[1215,1283,692,717]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFA8C569032D9FD56" box="[1300,1431,692,717]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-26.201668">26°12'06"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFF0F56FC366FFD6B" box="[151,289,727,752]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-48.69361">
|
||
48
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF2B56F337F0FD6B" bold="true" box="[179,190,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">°</emphasis>
|
||
41'37"W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFEA856FC3632FD74" box="[304,380,728,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Datum</collectorName>
|
||
WGS 84, ca 80 meters above sea level)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. CFBH 39863, 39864, 39867, 39868, and UFMG 18972 adult females, CFBH 39865 and 39870, adult males, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFC4E56D833FBFC8E" box="[982,1205,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-24">24 November 2015</date>
|
||
, by J.P.C. Monteiro, T.H. Condez, and E.C. Nardin;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CC22A61B26BFD9A57043404FC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119829" collectingDate="2015-11-30" collectionCode="CFBH" collectorName="J. P. C. Monteiro & E. C. Nardin & Itapoa & Datum" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.124722" location="Braco do Norte" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.73" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="CFBH 39875" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBEF9EE42A61B26BFD9A570435D3FCA3" box="[514,669,799,824]" collectionCode="CFBH" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CFBH 39875</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult female, collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9B72A61B26BFC43570433F4FCA3" box="[987,1210,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-30">
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFC43570433F4FCA3" box="[987,1210,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2015-11-30">30 November 2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFB74570432D2FCA3" box="[1260,1436,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">J.P.C. Monteiro</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFF575760362FFCC6" box="[207,353,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E.C. Nardin</collectorName>
|
||
; at
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFE0057613517FCC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFE0057613517FCC7" box="[408,601,836,861]" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.124722" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.73" name="Braco do Norte" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Braço do Norte</location>
|
||
, municipality of
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFCB757603436FCC7" box="[815,888,836,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Itapoá</collectorName>
|
||
, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A61B26BFC6D576033EBFCC6" box="[1013,1189,836,861]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A61B26BFB20576033B2FCC6" box="[1208,1276,836,861]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFA8C576032D9FCC6" box="[1300,1431,836,861]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-26.124722">26°07'29"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFF0F574C366FFC1B" box="[151,289,871,896]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-48.73">
|
||
48
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF2B574337F0FC1B" bold="true" box="[179,190,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">°</emphasis>
|
||
43'48"W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFEB4574C3636FCE4" box="[300,376,872,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Datum</collectorName>
|
||
WGS 84, ca 220 meters above sea level)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B213CC22A61B26BFCCC574C32C8FC53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838119831" collectingDate="2016-09-17" collectionCode="CFBH" collectorName="J. P. C. Monteiro & E. C. Nardin & Fazenda Palmito Juriti & Datum" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.135834" location="Sao Francisco do Sul" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.731667" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" specimenCode="CFBH 42005-42008" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBEF9EE42A61B26BFCCC574C330FFC1B" box="[852,1089,871,896]" collectionCode="CFBH" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">CFBH 42005–42008</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult females, collected on
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9B72A61B26BFA18574C361DFC3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2016-09-17">
|
||
<date id="FFF7105F2A61B26BFA18574C361DFC3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" value="2016-09-17">17 September 2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFE1E57A83579FC3E" box="[390,567,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">J.P.C. Monteiro</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFDEA57A835B1FC3E" box="[626,767,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">E.C. Nardin</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFC9557A8335EFC3E" box="[781,1040,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Fazenda Palmito Juriti</collectorName>
|
||
, municipality of
|
||
<location id="8E9660442A61B26BFB4E57A837F1FC53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087892A66B27EFF0F5284338BFCC7:8E9660442A61B26BFB4E57A837F1FC53" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.135834" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-48.731667" name="Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">São Francisco do Sul</location>
|
||
, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A61B26BFEBB57943684FC53" box="[291,458,943,968]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A61B26BFE4D578B3557FC53" box="[469,537,943,968]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFDB1578B35E2FC53" box="[553,684,943,968]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-26.135834">26°08'09"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7D50582A61B26BFD205794340CFC53" box="[696,834,943,968]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" precision="15" value="-48.731667">
|
||
48
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD4C578B3591FC53" bold="true" box="[724,735,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">°</emphasis>
|
||
43'54"W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BC53492A61B26BFCD5579434D7FC5C" box="[845,921,944,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Datum</collectorName>
|
||
WGS 84, 125–170 meters above sea level).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A61B26BFF5F57F032D2F847" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A61B26BFF5F57F0356CFA5B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF5F57F0360FFC76" bold="true" box="[199,321,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFED057F03517FC77" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[328,601,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFED057F03517FC77" box="[328,601,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A61B26BFDF957F035F5FC76" box="[609,699,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDF957F035F5FC76" bold="true" box="[609,699,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a new species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFC5E57F13363FC77" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[966,1069,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC5E57F13363FC77" box="[966,1069,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B. pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, distinguished from all its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) “bufoniform” body; (2) general dorsal body color dark green with a dark brown vertebral stripe, and orange background more evident in ventral view; (3) absence of hyperossification of the skull and skeleton; (4) pectoral girdle arciferal and robust, with small ovoid fenestra, distant from the epicoracoid; (5) radius and ulna fused; (6) finger IV greatly reduced, almost not visible externally; (7) manus with two prepollical elements; (8) tips of terminal phalangeal elements of fingers I and IV pointed, II and III arrow-shaped; (9) tibiale and fibulare completely fused; (10) toes I and V present but externally indistinguishable, toe II greatly reduced, toe III short and distinct, and toe IV larger and robust; (11) pes with distal tarsal element I present; (12) pes with phalangeal formula 1–2–3–4–0; (13) tips of terminal phalangeal elements of toes I and II pointed, and of toes III and IV arrow-shaped; (14) arytenoid cartilages not mineralized; (15) body size (SVL of adults:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A61B26BFED5511836ACFACF" box="[333,482,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.08" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="9.2">9.2–10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
for males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A61B26BFD1251183462FACF" box="[650,812,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.4" valueMin="11.1">11.1–12.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
for females); (16) proportional measurements HL/SVL 18–24% and ED/HL 52–73%; (17) rounded snout in dorsal and lateral views; (18) protuberant nostrils; (19) skin texture rough; and (20) advertisement call short (0.02–0.03 seconds), composed of one high-frequency note (dominant frequency 6.6–7.3 kHz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A61B26BFF5F51E83491F9EE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF5F51E83518FA7E" bold="true" box="[199,598,1484,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFDF951E83438FA7F" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[609,886,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDF951E83438FA7F" box="[609,886,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A61B26BFC1A51E83491FA7E" box="[898,991,1484,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC1A51E83491FA7E" bold="true" box="[898,991,1484,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
exhibits a “bufoniform” body and an orange background color, both characteristics that clearly differentiate it from the “leptodactyliform” species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFA1C51D53644F9B7" baseAuthorityName="Izecksohn" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA1C51D532DBF993" box="[1412,1429,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF0F52303644F9B7" box="[151,266,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">didactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFE8252313684F9B7" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[282,458,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE8252313665F9B7" box="[282,299,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFEA352303684F9B7" box="[315,458,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFE4252313577F9B7" authorityName="Napoli, Caramaschi, Cruz & Dias" authorityYear="2011" box="[474,569,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE42523136A5F9B7" box="[474,491,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE6452303577F9B7" box="[508,569,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">pulex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFDE252313445F9B7" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" box="[634,779,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDE2523135C5F9B7" box="[634,651,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD0352303445F9B7" box="[667,779,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFC845230349DF9B7" box="[796,979,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref14146" refString="Izecksohn, E. (1971) Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 280, 1 - 12." type="journal article">Izecksohn 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFC79523033B1F9B7" box="[993,1279,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref13468" refString="Giaretta, A. A. & Sawaya, R. J. (1998) Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia, 1998, 985 - 987. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447345" type="journal article">Giaretta & Sawaya 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFA955230379FF9CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref14443" refString="Napoli, M. F., Caramaschi, U., Cruz, C. A. G. & Dias, I. R. (2011) A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2739 (1), 33 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2739.1.3" type="journal article">
|
||
Napoli
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFAFA523132DAF9B7" box="[1378,1428,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFF795213368BF9CB" box="[225,453,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFED9521D363BF9CB" box="[321,373,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These species are generally smaller, exhibit “leptodactyliform” bodies, and always exhibit a brown background color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFDB9527835A1F9EF" box="[545,751,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref14443" refString="Napoli, M. F., Caramaschi, U., Cruz, C. A. G. & Dias, I. R. (2011) A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2739 (1), 33 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2739.1.3" type="journal article">
|
||
Napoli
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDEE527935E9F9EF" box="[630,679,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFD635278349DF9EE" box="[763,979,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFCCF527934C6F9EF" box="[855,904,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A61B26BFF5F525B3202F8EB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
The absence of hyperossification of the skull and skeleton distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFC7652A433B0F903" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[1006,1278,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC7652A433B0F903" box="[1006,1278,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A61B26BFA9D525B3211F903" box="[1285,1375,1663,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA9D525B3211F903" bold="true" box="[1285,1375,1663,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFF0F5281366EF927" authorityName="Guimaraes, Luz, Rocha & Feio" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,288,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF0F528137E6F927" box="[151,168,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF585280366EF927" box="[192,288,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">darkside</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFEA152813696F927" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[313,472,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFEA152813604F927" box="[313,330,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFEFA52803696F927" box="[354,472,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFE69528135DEF927" box="[497,656,1700,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garbeanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE695281354CF927" box="[497,514,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD82528035DEF927" box="[538,656,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">garbeanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFD7B528134D3F927" authorityName="Pombal & Izecksohn" authorityYear="2011" box="[739,925,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD7B528135BAF927" box="[739,756,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC94528134D3F927" box="[780,925,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">margaritatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which exhibit the extreme condition of hyperossification within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFE5852EC353AF97B" box="[448,628,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE5852EC353AF97B" box="[448,628,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including a dorsal bony shield (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFB8452E332D9F97B" box="[1052,1431,1735,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12534" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Antoniazzi, M. M., Jared, C., Haddad, C. F. B., Alves, A. C. R., Rocha, H. S., Pereira, G. R., Oliveira, D. F., Lopes, R. T. & Reis, S. F. (2009) Hyperossification in miniaturized toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae): Microscopic structure and macroscopic patterns of variation. Journal of Morphology, 270 (11), 1285 - 1295. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10755" type="journal article">
|
||
Clemente-Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA9252ED320BF97B" box="[1290,1349,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFF0F52C836D2F89F" box="[151,412,1772,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref13709" refString="Guimaraes, C. S., Luz, S., Rocha, P. C. & Feio, R. N. (2017) The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4258 (4), 327 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Guimarães
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE8252C93600F89F" box="[282,334,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The absence of hyperossification also distinguishes the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFA9052C9323CF89F" authorityName="Pombal & Gasparini" authorityYear="2006" box="[1288,1394,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alipioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA9052C93257F89F" box="[1288,1305,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFAB152C8323CF89F" box="[1321,1394,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">alipioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFA1C52C93643F8B3" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoide">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA1C52C932DBF89F" box="[1412,1429,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF0F53343643F8B3" box="[151,269,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">atelopoide</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFE87533536F3F8B3" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[287,445,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE875335367EF8B3" box="[287,304,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFEDA533436F3F8B3" box="[322,445,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">bufonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFE565335350CF8BC" authorityName="Condez, Clemente-Carvalho, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2014" box="[462,578,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE5653353691F8B3" box="[462,479,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE6A5334350CF8BC" box="[498,578,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">crispus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFDCC5335359EF8BC" authorityName="Clemente-Carvalho, Giaretta, Condez, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2012" box="[596,720,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDCC5335352BF8B3" box="[596,613,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFDEF5334359EF8BC" box="[631,720,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">guarani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFD7A53353438F8B3" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" box="[738,886,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodoterga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD7A533535BDF8B3" box="[738,755,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC9C53343438F8B3" box="[772,886,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">nodoterga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFC105335334FF8BC" authorityName="Alves, Sawaya, Reis & Haddad" authorityYear="2009" box="[904,1025,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC10533534D7F8B3" box="[904,921,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC345334334FF8BC" box="[940,1025,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">pitanga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFB8B5335332AF8B3" authorityName="Haddad, Alves, Clemente-Carvalho & Reis" authorityYear="2010" box="[1043,1124,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toby">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB8B5335336AF8B3" box="[1043,1060,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFBAE5334332AF8B3" box="[1078,1124,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">toby</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFB315335320BF8B3" authorityName="Pombal" authorityYear="2001" box="[1193,1349,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB31533533F4F8B3" box="[1193,1210,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB545334320BF8B3" box="[1228,1349,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">vertebralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which exhibit the intermediate condition of hyperossification within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFCFF53103355F8D7" box="[871,1051,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFCFF53103355F8D7" box="[871,1051,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFBB6531032D9F8D7" box="[1070,1431,1844,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12534" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Antoniazzi, M. M., Jared, C., Haddad, C. F. B., Alves, A. C. R., Rocha, H. S., Pereira, G. R., Oliveira, D. F., Lopes, R. T. & Reis, S. F. (2009) Hyperossification in miniaturized toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae): Microscopic structure and macroscopic patterns of variation. Journal of Morphology, 270 (11), 1285 - 1295. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10755" type="journal article">
|
||
Clemente-Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA8E53113205F8D7" box="[1302,1355,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFF0F53733621F8EB" box="[151,367,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref13860" refString="Haddad, C. F. B., Alves, A. C. R., Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G. & Reis, S. F. (2010) A new species of Brachycephalus from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia, 2010, 410 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CH- 09 - 102" type="journal article">
|
||
Haddad
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF6D537D3668F8EB" box="[245,294,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFEE35373355DF8EB" box="[379,531,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref15237" refString="Pombal, J. P. (2010) A posicao taxonomica das " variedades " de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824) descritas por Miranda- Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 526, 1 - 12." type="journal article">Pombal 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFD8653733437F8EB" box="[542,889,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12659" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. G. B., Klaczo, J., Perez, I., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2011) Molecular phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic diversity in miniaturized toadlets, genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 79 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.05.017" type="journal article">
|
||
Clemente-Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC98537D347EF8EB" box="[768,816,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFC1D53733312F8EB" box="[901,1116,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12853" refString="Condez, T. H., Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2014) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 70 (1), 89 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 13 - 00044" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC79537D335CF8EB" box="[993,1042,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A61B26BFBFF5373320EF8EB" box="[1127,1344,1879,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB5C537D33BBF8EB" box="[1220,1269,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A61B26BFF5F535832D2F847" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFF5F53583697F80F" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,473,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF5F53583697F80F" box="[199,473,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A61B26BFE7A53583573F80E" box="[482,573,1916,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFE7A53583573F80E" bold="true" box="[482,573,1916,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFD4E53593411F80F" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[726,863,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD4E535935A9F80F" box="[726,743,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFD6F53583411F80F" box="[759,863,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFCF6535934B7F80F" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[878,1017,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFCF653593431F80F" box="[878,895,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC17535834B7F80F" box="[911,1017,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFB91535933D0F80F" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1033,1182,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB9153593354F80F" box="[1033,1050,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFBB1535833D0F80F" box="[1065,1182,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFB365359320CF80F" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1198,1346,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB36535933F1F80F" box="[1198,1215,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB565358320CF80F" box="[1230,1346,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFA1C535937BDF823" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA1C535932DBF80F" box="[1412,1429,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFF0F538437BDF823" box="[151,243,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which possess pectoral girdles with larger fenestra, disposed closer to the epicoracoid (small fenestra distant from the epicoracoid in the new species). Likewise,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFCC353E134A9F847" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[859,999,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFCC353E13422F847" box="[859,876,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFCE753E034A9F847" box="[895,999,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFC6253E133DFF847" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1018,1169,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFC6253E133DFF847" box="[1018,1169,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B. ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A61B26BFB3C53E13273F847" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1188,1341,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB3C53E133FBF847" box="[1188,1205,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFB5053E03273F847" box="[1224,1341,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A61B26BFA1C53E132DBF847" box="[1412,1429,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="487">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A60B26AFF0F54BC34EBFACE" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A60B26AFF0F54BC35C9FD1E" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFF0F54BC37BDFF2B" ID-CoL="68PYJ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,243,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F54BC37BDFF2B" box="[151,243,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in having the radius and ulna not fused, pes with distal tarsal element I absent, and toe V reduced (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFF065498363AFF4E" box="[158,372,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF6354993664FF4F" box="[251,298,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFEE75498350FFF4E" box="[383,577,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE5F549936B9FF4F" box="[455,503,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the new species has the radius and ulna fused, pes with distal tarsal element I present, and toe V externally not visible. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD5E54C5343AFF63" ID-CoL="5X28V" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[710,884,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD5E54C53599FF63" box="[710,727,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD7F54C4343AFF63" box="[743,884,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCEC54C43436FF63" box="[884,888,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC1954C53342FF63" ID-CoL="5WPX6" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[897,1036,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC1954C534DCFF63" box="[897,914,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC3A54C43342FF63" box="[930,1036,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB8354C533D0FF6C" ID-CoL="5X296" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[1051,1182,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB8354C53362FF63" box="[1051,1068,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBA454C433D0FF6C" box="[1084,1182,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB3554C5320CFF63" ID-CoL="5WPXZ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1197,1346,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB3554C533F0FF63" box="[1197,1214,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB5654C4320CFF63" box="[1230,1346,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C54C537BDFE87" ID-CoL="68PYJ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C54C532DBFF63" box="[1412,1429,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F552037BDFE87" box="[151,243,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have just one prepollical element, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD3155213473FE87" ID-CoL="5WPYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[681,829,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD31552135F4FE87" box="[681,698,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD5055203473FE87" box="[712,829,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no prepollical element (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFBE055203201FE86" box="[1144,1359,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB4D5521324BFE87" box="[1237,1285,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFAC355203657FEDB" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F550D3782FEDB" box="[151,204,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFEB15503350AFEDB" box="[297,580,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref12319" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L. & Pie, M. R. (2016 b). A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 4 (e 2629), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2629" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE2C550D36A7FEDB" box="[436,489,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFDCC55033479FEDB" box="[596,823,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15544" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L., Pie, M. R. & Bornschein M. R. (2017) Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 5 (e 3603), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3603" type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD2B550D35A7FEDB" box="[691,745,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the new species has two prepollical elements. The phalangeal formula for the pes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD85556935E6FEFF" ID-CoL="6928V" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[541,680,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD8555693560FEFF" box="[541,558,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDA5556835E6FEFF" box="[573,680,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD3155683404FEFF" box="[681,842,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD2D55693404FEFF" ID-CoL="5WPYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[693,842,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">B. izecksohni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC1455693347FEFF" ID-CoL="68PYJ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[908,1033,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC14556934D3FEFF" box="[908,925,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC3555683347FEFF" box="[941,1033,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0–2–3–4–0 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFB23556832D6FEFE" box="[1211,1432,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA8255693202FEFF" box="[1306,1356,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFF0F554B3613FE13" box="[151,349,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF785555365FFE13" box="[224,273,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE5255553502FE1C" ID-CoL="5X296" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[458,588,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE5255553695FE13" box="[458,475,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE7255543502FE1C" box="[490,588,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is 0–1–3–4–0 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFC8B554B34A0FE13" box="[787,1006,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15544" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L., Pie, M. R. & Bornschein M. R. (2017) Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 5 (e 3603), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3603" type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCE9555534ECFE13" box="[881,930,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the phalangeal formula of the pes of the new species is 1–2–3–4–0. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDBB55B13581FE37" ID-CoL="5X28V" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[547,719,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDBB55B1357AFE37" box="[547,564,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDDD55B03581FE37" box="[581,719,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD7855B13422FE37" ID-CoL="5WPX6" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[736,876,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD7855B135BFFE37" box="[736,753,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC9A55B03422FE37" box="[770,876,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC3755B1337DFE37" ID-CoL="5X296" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[943,1075,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC3755B1348EFE37" box="[943,960,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC4955B1337DFE37" box="[977,1075,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the fibulare and tibiale are not completely fused; tips of terminal phalangeal elements of toes II–IV are arrow-shaped (fibulare and tibiale completely fused; tips of terminal phalangeal elements of toes I and II pointed, III and IV arrow-shaped in the new species). Finally, the arytenoid cartilages are mineralized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFCD8562534A5FD83" ID-CoL="5X28V" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[832,1003,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCD85625341FFD83" box="[832,849,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCF9562434A5FD83" box="[865,1003,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFBBC562533E0FD83" ID-CoL="5WPX6" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[1060,1198,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBBC5625337BFD83" box="[1060,1077,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBDC562433E0FD83" box="[1092,1198,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(arytenoid cartilages not mineralized in the new species). Although the osteology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFCF45601349AFDA7" ID-CoL="68PYC" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[876,980,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCF456013433FDA7" box="[876,893,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC145601349AFDA7" box="[908,980,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not studied in detail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFA9A5600379CFDFB" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15175" refString="Pombal, J. P., Wistuba, E. M. & Bornschein, M. R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565481" type="journal article">
|
||
Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFAFA560132DBFDA7" box="[1378,1429,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), on the basis of the available information its osteology is quite similar to that of the new species. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A60B26AFACB566337EBFD1F" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
for osteological details of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A60B26AFF5F56AB34EBFACE" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
Body size (males SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFE6856B435C5FD3C" box="[496,651,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.08" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="9.2">9.2–10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFCCA56B434B6FD33" box="[850,1016,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.4" valueMin="11.1">11.1–12.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) distinguishes the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFF0F56903684FD57" ID-CoL="5WPXZ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,458,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F56903684FD57" box="[151,458,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Brachycephalus ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFDE756903468FD57" box="[639,806,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.205" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="12.05" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="11.6">11.6–12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females SVL = 13.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFBB5569033DBFD57" box="[1069,1173,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFB3B56903220FD56" box="[1187,1390,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB765691326CFD57" box="[1262,1314,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C56913791FD74" ID-CoL="68PYC" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C569132DBFD57" box="[1412,1429,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F56FC3791FD74" box="[151,223,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males SVL = 12.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFE5756FC3578FD74" box="[463,566,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="13.3">13.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFD6056F334D1FD74" box="[760,927,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4949999999999999" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="14.1">14.1–15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFC3456F333C8FD6B" box="[940,1158,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15175" refString="Pombal, J. P., Wistuba, E. M. & Bornschein, M. R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565481" type="journal article">
|
||
Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB9256FD3372FD6B" box="[1034,1084,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB5456FD3207FD6B" ID-CoL="68PYJ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1228,1353,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB5456FD3393FD6B" box="[1228,1245,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB7556FC3207FD6B" box="[1261,1353,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFF7156D836C1FC8F" box="[233,399,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="1.39" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="13.25" valueMax="13.9" valueMin="12.6">12.6–13.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females SVL=
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFDDC56D835A7FC8F" box="[580,745,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4949999999999999" metricValueMax="1.53" metricValueMin="1.46" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="15.3" valueMin="14.6">14.6–15.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFD6D56D834F6FC8E" box="[757,952,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCA456D93423FC8F" box="[828,877,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFBB256D933FDFC8F" ID-CoL="5WPX6" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[1066,1203,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBB256D93375FC8F" box="[1066,1083,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBD156D833FDFC8F" box="[1097,1203,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFAC556D837B0FCAC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.045" metricValueMax="1.06" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="10.45" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="10.3">10.3– 10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFE225704352EFCAC" box="[442,608,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.33" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="12.75" valueMax="13.3" valueMin="12.2">12.2–13.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFDF3573B340FFCA3" box="[619,833,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15544" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L., Pie, M. R. & Bornschein M. R. (2017) Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 5 (e 3603), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3603" type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD5E570535B9FCA3" box="[710,759,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFCCC570534A7FCA3" ID-CoL="5WPYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[852,1001,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCCC5705342BFCA3" box="[852,869,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCEC570434A7FCA3" box="[884,1001,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFB0C57043274FCAC" box="[1172,1338,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.21" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="11.2" valueMax="12.1" valueMin="10.3">10.3–12.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFF72576036DFFCC7" box="[234,401,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.31" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="12.8" valueMax="13.1" valueMin="12.5">12.5–13.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFE055760353AFCC6" box="[413,628,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE6057613564FCC7" box="[504,554,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD2F57613401FCC7" ID-CoL="5WPXM" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" box="[695,847,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD2F57613586FCC7" box="[695,712,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD4F57603401FCC7" box="[727,847,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males SVL = 10.6–11.6; females SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A60B26AFAB457603788FCE4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.365" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="13.65" valueMax="13.8" valueMin="13.5">13.5–13.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFF4A574C36D4FC1B" box="[210,410,872,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref13390" refString="Garey, M. V., Lima, A. M. X., Hartmann, M. T. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68 (2), 266 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 11 - 00074.1." type="journal article">
|
||
Garey
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE87574D361FFC1B" box="[287,337,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) males and/or females are slightly larger than in the new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB12574C32D5FC1B" ID-CoL="5WQ8V" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[1162,1435,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB12574C32D5FC1B" box="[1162,1435,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A60B26AFF0F57A837BDFC3E" box="[151,243,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F57A837BDFC3E" bold="true" box="[151,243,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD9257A935F8FC3F" ID-CoL="5X28V" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[522,694,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD9257A935F8FC3F" box="[522,694,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B. albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD5E57A9343BFC3F" ID-CoL="68Q8V" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[710,885,909,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD5E57A93599FC3F" box="[710,727,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD7F57A9343BFC3F" box="[743,885,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC1E57A93340FC3F" ID-CoL="68Q97" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[902,1038,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC1E57A934D9FC3F" box="[902,919,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC3F57A83340FC3F" box="[935,1038,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">boticario</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB8657A9339DFC3F" ID-CoL="5WQ9Z" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[1054,1235,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB8657A93361FC3F" box="[1054,1071,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBA757A8339DFC3F" box="[1087,1235,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB7B57A9323DFC3F" ID-CoL="68PYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1251,1395,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB7B57A933BAFC3F" box="[1251,1268,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA9C57A8323DFC3F" box="[1284,1395,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C57A93678FC5C" ID-CoL="68PYF" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C57A932DBFC3F" box="[1412,1429,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F57943678FC5C" box="[151,310,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFEDE5795369FFC53" ID-CoL="5WPYC" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[326,465,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEDE57953619FC53" box="[326,343,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEF05794369FFC53" box="[360,465,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE7A579535CBFC5C" ID-CoL="68PYH" authorityName="Pie & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[482,645,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE7A579536BDFC53" box="[482,499,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD9C579435CBFC5C" box="[516,645,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD5F5795342AFC53" ID-CoL="5WQ9M" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[711,868,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD5F57953596FC53" box="[711,728,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD715795342AFC53" box="[745,868,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a proportionally shorter head relative to body length (HL/SVL) and by a proportionally larger eye diameter related to head length (ED/HL). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB6257F1323FFC77" ID-CoL="5WQ8V" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[1274,1393,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB6257F13245FC77" box="[1274,1291,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA8457F1323FFC77" box="[1308,1393,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A60B26AFAE257F03786FB8B" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFAE257F03786FB8B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 18–24% (x̄= 20, SD = 1) and ED/HL is 52–73% (x̄= 63, SD = 4), for the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4FFD162A60B26AFB3E57DC324FFB8B" box="[1190,1281,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="adult">32 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A60B26AFF59503937BFFBAE" box="[193,241,1053,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, without sexual distinction. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD005039340CFBAF" ID-CoL="5X28V" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[664,834,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD00503935E7FBAF" box="[664,681,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD205038340CFBAF" box="[696,834,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/SVL is 28–34% (x̄= 31, SD = 4) and ED/HL is 36–42% (x̄= 38, SD = 4); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE43506535C6FBC3" ID-CoL="68Q8V" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[475,648,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE43506536A5FBC3" box="[475,491,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE62506535C6FBC3" box="[506,648,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 29–38% (x̄= 33, SD = 2) and ED/HL is 30–44% (x̄= 33, SD = 3); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFEBC504136E3FBE7" ID-CoL="68Q97" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[292,429,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEBC5041367BFBE7" box="[292,309,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEDE504036E3FBE7" box="[326,429,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">boticario</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 31–36% (x̄= 34, SD = 2) and ED/HL is 30–34% (x̄= 32, SD = 1); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C50413665FB3B" ID-CoL="5WQ9Z" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C504132DBFBE7" box="[1412,1429,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F50AC3665FB3B" box="[151,299,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 29–34% (x̄= 31, SD = 1) and ED/HL is 36–41% (x̄= 39, SD = 1); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB4B50AD322FFB3B" ID-CoL="68PYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1235,1377,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB4B50AD33AAFB3B" box="[1235,1252,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB6A50AC322FFB3B" box="[1266,1377,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 31–35% (x̄= 33, SD = 1) and ED/HL is 34–43% (x̄= 38, SD = 3); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC74508933E4FB5F" ID-CoL="68PYF" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1004,1194,1197,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC74508934B3FB5F" box="[1004,1021,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB93508933E4FB5F" box="[1035,1194,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 29–36% (x̄= 33, SD = 2) and ED/HL is 36–42% (x̄= 39, SD = 2); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFCAE50F534F0FB73" ID-CoL="5WPYC" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[822,958,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCAE50F53409FB73" box="[822,839,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCCD50F434F0FB73" box="[853,958,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 32–36% (x̄= 34, SD = 1) and ED/HL is 26–36% (x̄= 32, SD = 3); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDD350D135A4FA97" ID-CoL="68PYH" authorityName="Pie & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[587,746,1269,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDD350D13512FA97" box="[587,604,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDF150D135A4FA97" box="[617,746,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 31–36% (x̄= 34, SD = 1) and ED/HL is 28–34% (x̄= 32, SD = 2); and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE31513D350DFAAB" ID-CoL="5WQ9M" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[425,579,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE31513D36F4FAAB" box="[425,442,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE50513D350DFAAB" box="[456,579,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, HL/ SVL is 30–36% (x̄= 33, SD = 2) and ED/HL is 30–40% (x̄= 34, SD = 3) (Pie & Ribeiro 2015; Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD9B5119357DFACF" box="[515,563,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFD10511834D4FACE" box="[648,922,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref12319" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L. & Pie, M. R. (2016 b). A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 4 (e 2629), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2629" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC975119340EFACF" box="[783,832,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A60B26AFF5F517B3500F9B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A60B26AFF5F517B3500F9B6" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFEFC51443536FAE3" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[356,632,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEFC51443536FAE3" box="[356,632,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A60B26AFD1B517B35AEFAE3" box="[643,736,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD1B517B35AEFAE3" bold="true" box="[643,736,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
exhibits a rounded snout in dorsal and lateral views, which distinguishes it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE1E51A13540FA07" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[390,526,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE1E51A136D9FA07" box="[390,407,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE3E51A03540FA07" box="[422,526,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a slightly mucronate snout in dorsal view (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFBEF51A0321FFA06" box="[1143,1361,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB4C51A1324BFA07" box="[1236,1285,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFF0F518D3666FA5B" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,296,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F518D37E6FA5B" box="[151,168,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF21518C3666FA5B" box="[185,296,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a slightly truncate snout in dorsal and lateral views (Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBE1518D33E3FA5B" box="[1145,1197,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C518D3656FA7F" authorityName="Pie & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C518D32DBFA5B" box="[1412,1429,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F51E93656FA7F" box="[151,280,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a mucronate snout in dorsal view (Pie & Ribeiro 2015). Nostrils are not protuberant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C51E9366BF993" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C51E932DBFA7F" box="[1412,1429,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F51D5366BF993" box="[151,293,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFEAF51D536EFF99C" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[311,417,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEAF51D53606F993" box="[311,328,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEC251D436EFF99C" box="[346,417,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE7F51D535D1F993" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[487,671,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE7F51D536B6F993" box="[487,504,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD9351D435D1F993" box="[523,671,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFD2951CB34D8F993" box="[689,918,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15175" refString="Pombal, J. P., Wistuba, E. M. & Bornschein, M. R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565481" type="journal article">
|
||
Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC8C51D53407F993" box="[788,841,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB9D51D53377F993" box="[1029,1081,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015), which differ from the protuberant nostrils of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A60B26AFF5F521C3637F8EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A60B26AFF5F521C33DCF926" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFF7D521C3557F9CB" ID-CoL="5WPXM" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" box="[229,537,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF7D521C3557F9CB" box="[229,537,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Brachycephalus tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, finger IV is not externally visible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFC34521C333BF9CB" box="[940,1141,1592,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref13390" refString="Garey, M. V., Lima, A. M. X., Hartmann, M. T. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68 (2), 266 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 11 - 00074.1." type="journal article">
|
||
Garey
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC62521D3365F9CB" box="[1018,1067,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while in the new species it is reduced but externally distinct. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDCB52793587F9EF" ID-CoL="5WQ8V" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[595,713,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDCB5279352AF9EF" box="[595,612,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDEC52793587F9EF" box="[628,713,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A60B26AFD4A52783460F9EE" box="[722,814,1628,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD4A52783460F9EE" bold="true" box="[722,814,1628,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, fingertips I, II, and IV are rounded, differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C52793791F90C" ID-CoL="68PYC" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C527932DBF9EF" box="[1412,1429,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F52A43791F90C" box="[151,223,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which these fingertips are pointed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFD3C525B34CBF903" box="[676,901,1663,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15175" refString="Pombal, J. P., Wistuba, E. M. & Bornschein, M. R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565481" type="journal article">
|
||
Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC9E52A53474F903" box="[774,826,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB9452A533D8F903" ID-CoL="6928V" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1036,1174,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB9452A53353F903" box="[1036,1053,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBB652A433D8F903" box="[1070,1174,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB3052A53271F903" ID-CoL="5WPYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1192,1343,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB3052A533F7F903" box="[1192,1209,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB5352A43271F903" box="[1227,1343,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C52A53648F927" ID-CoL="68PYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C52A532DBF903" box="[1412,1429,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F52803648F927" box="[151,262,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have the tip of finger II pointed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFD55528034EAF926" box="[717,932,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCB252813415F927" box="[810,859,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB9352813372F927" box="[1035,1084,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A60B26AFF5F52E33637F8EB" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
The texture of the skin on the dorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD5152EC34AEF97B" ID-CoL="5WQ8V" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[713,992,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD5152EC34AEF97B" box="[713,992,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A60B26AFC7552E33303F97B" box="[1005,1101,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC7552E33303F97B" bold="true" box="[1005,1101,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is rough; this characteristic distinguishes the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDA552C935A5F89F" ID-CoL="5X28V" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[573,747,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDA552C93500F89F" box="[573,590,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDF952C835A5F89F" box="[609,747,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD6752C934C5F89F" ID-CoL="6928V" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[767,907,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD6752C9345EF89F" box="[767,784,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCBB52C834C5F89F" box="[803,907,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC0652C93362F89F" ID-CoL="5WPX6" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[926,1068,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC0652C934E1F89F" box="[926,943,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC5A52C83362F89F" box="[962,1068,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFBA752C9338BF89F" ID-CoL="5X296" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[1087,1221,1773,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBA752C9331EF89F" box="[1087,1104,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBFB52C9338BF89F" box="[1123,1221,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB4052C9323EF89F" ID-CoL="5WPXZ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1240,1392,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB4052C933A7F89F" box="[1240,1257,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB6452C8323EF89F" box="[1276,1392,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C52C93642F8B3" ID-CoL="5WPYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C52C932DBF89F" box="[1412,1429,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F53343642F8B3" box="[151,268,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE84533536E2F8B3" ID-CoL="68PYB" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[284,428,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE8453353663F8B3" box="[284,301,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEA5533436E2F8B3" box="[317,428,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE2553353568F8BC" ID-CoL="68PYC" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[445,550,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE2553353680F8B3" box="[445,462,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE4653343568F8BC" box="[478,550,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDAE533535FDF8B3" ID-CoL="68PYJ" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[566,691,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDAE53353509F8B3" box="[566,583,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDCF533435FDF8B3" box="[599,691,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFD6D533534C0F8B3" ID-CoL="5WPXM" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" box="[757,910,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD6D53353448F8B3" box="[757,774,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC8E533434C0F8B3" box="[790,910,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have a smooth dorsum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFA99532B379DF8D7" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15175" refString="Pombal, J. P., Wistuba, E. M. & Bornschein, M. R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565481" type="journal article">
|
||
Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFAFA533532DBF8B3" box="[1378,1429,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFF795310368FF8D6" box="[225,449,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFED85311363AF8D7" box="[320,372,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFE49531035D1F8D6" box="[465,671,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD855311351CF8D7" box="[541,594,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFD3653103431F8D7" box="[686,895,1844,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref13390" refString="Garey, M. V., Lima, A. M. X., Hartmann, M. T. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68 (2), 266 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 11 - 00074.1." type="journal article">
|
||
Garey
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD655311347CF8D7" box="[765,818,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC755311336CF8D7" box="[1005,1058,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFBE5531032D9F8D6" box="[1149,1431,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref12319" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L. & Pie, M. R. (2016 b). A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 4 (e 2629), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2629" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA9053113272F8D7" box="[1288,1340,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A60B26AFF0F53733623F8EB" box="[151,365,1879,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" refId="ref15544" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L., Pie, M. R. & Bornschein M. R. (2017) Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 5 (e 3603), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3603" type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF6A537D366CF8EB" box="[242,290,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A60B260FF5F53583345F9E9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A60B269FF5F535836CDFE86" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">
|
||
The dark green general color of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDAF53583407F80F" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[567,841,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDAF53583407F80F" box="[567,841,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A60B26AFCC9535834E2F80E" box="[849,940,1916,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCC9535834E2F80E" bold="true" box="[849,940,1916,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life is very distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFB755359323BF80F" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[1261,1397,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB75535933B0F80F" box="[1261,1278,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA965358323BF80F" box="[1294,1397,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">boticario</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFA1C5359364FF823" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFA1C535932DBF80F" box="[1412,1429,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F5384364FF823" box="[151,257,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE97538536ECF823" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[271,418,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE975385366EF823" box="[271,288,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEB6538436ECF823" box="[302,418,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE295385352AF823" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[433,612,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE295385368CF823" box="[433,450,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE485384352AF823" box="[464,612,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFDEB53853449F823" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[627,775,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFDEB538535CAF823" box="[627,644,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD0A53843449F823" box="[658,775,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC8D538534EAF823" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[789,932,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC8D53853468F823" box="[789,806,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFCAD538434EAF823" box="[821,932,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFC2A5385333FF823" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[946,1137,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC2A5385348DF823" box="[946,963,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFC4A5385333FF823" box="[978,1137,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFBE753853251F823" authorityName="Pie & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[1151,1311,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFBE7538533DEF823" box="[1151,1168,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFB0653853251F823" box="[1182,1311,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFAB6538532DAF823" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[1326,1428,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFAB653853271F823" box="[1326,1343,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFAD5538532DAF823" box="[1357,1428,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFF0F53E1365DF847" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,275,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF0F53E137E6F847" box="[151,168,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFF2F53E0365DF847" box="[183,275,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFEBC53E136F2F847" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" box="[292,444,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEBC53E1367BF847" box="[292,309,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFEDC53E036F2F847" box="[324,444,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A60B26AFE6553E135D7F847" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[509,665,1989,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFE6553E13540F847" box="[509,526,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A60B26AFD8653E135D7F847" box="[542,665,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="488">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which exhibit a bright yellow or orange general dorsal body color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FF0654B33635FF2B" box="[158,379,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref15175" refString="Pombal, J. P., Wistuba, E. M. & Bornschein, M. R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565481" type="journal article">
|
||
Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FF6654BD367FFF2B" box="[254,305,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FE1054B3352FFF2B" box="[392,609,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref15390" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Alves, A. C. R., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, 519, 1 - 18." type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FE7C54BD355BFF2B" box="[484,533,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FDF654B3347BFF2B" box="[622,821,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref11852" refString="Alves, A. C. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62 (2), 221 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 05 - 41.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Alves
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FD2F54BD35A4FF2B" box="[695,746,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FCD954BC3344FF2B" box="[833,1034,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref13390" refString="Garey, M. V., Lima, A. M. X., Hartmann, M. T. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68 (2), 266 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 11 - 00074.1." type="journal article">
|
||
Garey
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC1654BD348EFF2B" box="[910,960,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pie & Ribeiro 2015; Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FAFB54BD32DBFF2B" box="[1379,1429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FF47549836F5FF4F" box="[223,443,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref15544" refString="Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L., Pie, M. R. & Bornschein M. R. (2017) Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 5 (e 3603), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3603" type="journal article">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FEA454993621FF4F" box="[316,367,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The body color of the new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FC6A549933D3FF4F" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[1010,1181,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC6A5499334DFF4F" box="[1010,1027,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FB8B549833D3FF4F" box="[1043,1181,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a greenish general coloration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FEE354FB35D2FF63" box="[379,668,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref12319" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Ribeiro, L. F., Blackburn, D. C., Stanley, E. L. & Pie, M. R. (2016 b). A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 4 (e 2629), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2629" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FD9054C53570FF63" box="[520,574,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FD7154C53439FF63" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[745,887,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FD7154C535B4FF63" box="[745,762,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC9554C43439FF63" box="[781,887,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is predominantly dark green to brown (Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FF6355213665FE87" box="[251,299,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A63B269FF0F52FB34ADF888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221062/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" startId="6.[151,250,1759,1781]" targetBox="[202,1417,394,1693]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A63B269FF0F52FB34ADF888" blockId="6.[151,1436,1759,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FF0F52FB365AF96E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1759,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FE8352FB355DF96E" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,531,1759,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FE8352FB355DF96E" box="[283,531,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A63B269FD8352FB3522F96E" box="[539,620,1759,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FD8352FB3522F96E" bold="true" box="[539,620,1759,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head, (C) ventral view of left hand, and (D) ventral view of left foot. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A63B268FF5F531F3324FC8F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1851,2020]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FE77531F344FF8C8" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[495,769,1851,1875]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FE77531F344FF8C8" box="[495,769,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A63B269FC91531F342AF8CF" box="[777,868,1851,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC91531F342AF8CF" bold="true" box="[777,868,1851,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs in structure and frequency from all known advertisement calls within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FE5C537B3536F8EC" box="[452,632,1887,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FE5C537B3536F8EC" box="[452,632,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is clearly distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FC3C5344335AF8EC" authorityName="Condez, Clemente-Carvalho, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2014" box="[932,1044,1888,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC3C534434FBF8EC" box="[932,949,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC5B5344335AF8EC" box="[963,1044,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">crispus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FBBA534433EBF8EC" authorityName="Guimaraes, Luz, Rocha & Feio" authorityYear="2017" box="[1058,1189,1887,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FBBA5344337DF8EC" box="[1058,1075,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FBDA537B33EBF8EC" box="[1090,1189,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">darkside</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FB3D537B33E7F8EC" box="[1189,1193,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FB2853443208F8EC" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1200,1350,1887,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FB285344338FF8EC" box="[1200,1217,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FB48537B3208F8EC" box="[1232,1350,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FA1C534437A3F800" authorityName="Alves, Sawaya, Reis & Haddad" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FA1C534432DBF8EC" box="[1412,1429,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FF0F53A037A3F800" box="[151,237,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">pitanga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having higher frequencies together with a different call structure (Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FBE253A033E0F800" box="[1146,1198,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FA9153A7379DF824" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref11930" refString="Araujo, C. B., Guerra, T. J., Amatuzzi, M. C. O. & Campos, L. A. (2012) Advertisement and territorial calls of Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Zootaxa, 3302, 66 - 67." type="journal article">
|
||
Araújo
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FAF953A032DBF800" box="[1377,1429,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FF47538236F7F824" box="[223,441,1958,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref12853" refString="Condez, T. H., Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2014) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 70 (1), 89 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 13 - 00044" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FEA5538C3621F824" box="[317,367,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A63B269FE5E53823589F824" box="[454,711,1958,1983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" refId="ref13709" refString="Guimaraes, C. S., Luz, S., Rocha, P. C. & Feio, R. N. (2017) The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4258 (4), 327 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Guimarães
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FDD0538C3534F824" box="[584,634,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In these species, the advertisement call is characterized by the regular repetition of one low-frequency note with several pulses, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A63B269FC7C53E83314F878" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[996,1114,1996,2019]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FC7C53E834BBF878" box="[996,1013,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FB9D53E83314F878" box="[1029,1114,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A63B269FBFB53EF33F0F87F" box="[1123,1214,1995,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A63B269FBFB53EF33F0F87F" bold="true" box="[1123,1214,1995,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="489">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the high-frequency notes are composed of just two pulses. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FDF654BD3591FF34" authorityName="Condez, Clemente-Carvalho, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2014" box="[622,735,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FDF654BD3531FF2B" box="[622,639,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FD1654BC3591FF34" box="[654,735,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">crispus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the notes generally last 0.28 seconds and are composed of 10 pulses; the frequency range is 3.5–5.7 kHz, while the dominant frequency is 4.6 kHz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FBE95498321EFF4F" box="[1137,1360,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref12853" refString="Condez, T. H., Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2014) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 70 (1), 89 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 13 - 00044" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB485499324CFF4F" box="[1232,1282,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FA1C549937B9FF63" authorityName="Guimaraes, Luz, Rocha & Feio" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darkside">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FA1C549932DBFF4F" box="[1412,1429,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FF0F54C437B9FF63" box="[151,247,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">darkside</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the average note duration is 0.11 seconds and notes are composed of six pulses; the frequency range is 2.5–5.8 kHz [considered dominant frequency in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FD2C5520348CFE87" box="[692,962,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref13709" refString="Guimaraes, C. S., Luz, S., Rocha, P. C. & Feio, R. N. (2017) The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4258 (4), 327 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Guimarães
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FCAC5521342AFE87" box="[820,868,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], while the dominant frequency is 3.4 kHz [considered peak frequency in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FE6A5503344CFEDB" box="[498,770,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref13709" refString="Guimaraes, C. S., Luz, S., Rocha, P. C. & Feio, R. N. (2017) The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4258 (4), 327 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Guimarães
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FDEA550D35EAFEDB" box="[626,676,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FCAB550D3487FEDB" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[819,969,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FCAB550D340AFEDB" box="[819,836,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FCCB550C3487FEDB" box="[851,969,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notes typically last 0.12 seconds and are also composed of 12 pulses; the minimum and maximum frequencies are 3.4–5.3 kHz (Pombal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB4B5569324AFEFF" box="[1235,1284,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FA1C556937A2FE1C" authorityName="Alves, Sawaya, Reis & Haddad" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FA1C556932DBFEFF" box="[1412,1429,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FF0F555437A2FE1C" box="[151,236,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">pitanga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notes last 0.17 seconds and are composed of 11 pulses; the dominant frequency is 4.9 kHz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FA93554B379AFE37" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref11930" refString="Araujo, C. B., Guerra, T. J., Amatuzzi, M. C. O. & Campos, L. A. (2012) Advertisement and territorial calls of Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Zootaxa, 3302, 66 - 67." type="journal article">
|
||
Araújo
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FAFB555532DBFE13" box="[1379,1429,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The high frequency of the advertisement call of the new species is comparable to that described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FA1C55B13668FE4B" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FA1C55B132DBFE37" box="[1412,1429,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FF0F559C3668FE4B" box="[151,294,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FEC7559D36BEFE4B" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" box="[351,496,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FEC7559D363EFE4B" box="[351,368,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FE18559C36BEFE4B" box="[384,496,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter having the highest dominant frequency known for the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FAB0559337B7FE6E" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FA10559D37E3FE6F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, the advertisement calls of these species differ from the new species in general structure, which is long and composed of a set of high-frequency notes. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FCFE5625335AFD83" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[870,1044,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FCFE56253439FD83" box="[870,887,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FC1D5624335AFD83" box="[901,1044,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the call is composed of 1–5 notes; call lasts 0.2 seconds, with 1–5 pulses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FDD456003463FDA7" box="[588,813,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref15980" refString="Verdade, V. K., Rodrigues, M. T., Cassimiro, J., Pavan, D., Liou, N. & Lange, M. (2008) Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 42 (3), 542 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 07 - 287.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Verdade
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FD29560135AFFDA7" box="[689,737,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dominant frequency in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FBED5601326CFDA7" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1141,1314,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FBED560133C8FDA7" box="[1141,1158,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB0C5600326CFDA7" box="[1172,1314,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6.8 kHz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FF06566336CBFDFB" box="[158,389,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref15980" refString="Verdade, V. K., Rodrigues, M. T., Cassimiro, J., Pavan, D., Liou, N. & Lange, M. (2008) Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 42 (3), 542 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 07 - 287.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Verdade
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FE9D566D3679FDFB" box="[261,311,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FE22566D3502FDFB" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" box="[442,588,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FE22566D3502FDFB" box="[442,588,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B. sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the call is composed of 4–7 notes, each one lasting 0.19 seconds, with 9 pulses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FF735648368AFD1E" box="[235,452,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FED156493634FD1F" box="[329,378,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The frequency range is 4.9–9.3 kHz and the dominant frequency is 6.7 kHz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FAB2564837B0FD33" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FA10564937E3FD33" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When compared to the advertisement calls of its most closely related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FB4A56B53271FD3C" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[1234,1343,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB4A56B533ADFD33" box="[1234,1251,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB6056B43271FD3C" box="[1272,1343,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FA1C56B53641FD57" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FA1C56B532DBFD33" box="[1412,1429,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FF0F56903641FD57" box="[151,271,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species call has shorter notes and higher frequencies. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FC725691331EFD57" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[1002,1104,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FC72569134B5FD57" box="[1002,1019,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB915691331EFD57" box="[1033,1104,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notes last 0.03–0.06 seconds and are composed of three pulses; the frequency range is 4.5 kHz–6.7 kHz (Wistuba 1998). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FB4A56FD3224FD6B" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" box="[1234,1386,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB4A56FD33ADFD6B" box="[1234,1251,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FB6A56FC3224FD6B" box="[1266,1386,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the frequency range is 3.2–6.4 kHz and dominant frequency is 4.8 kHz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A62B268FC0D56D83310FC8F" box="[917,1118,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" refId="ref13390" refString="Garey, M. V., Lima, A. M. X., Hartmann, M. T. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68 (2), 266 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPETOLOGICA-D- 11 - 00074.1." type="journal article">
|
||
Garey
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FC7A56D9335DFC8F" box="[994,1043,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A62B268FF0F5210364EF9F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221064/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" startId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" targetBox="[197,1346,870,1527]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A62B268FF0F5210364EF9F2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1588,1641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FF0F5210365CF9D1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1588,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A62B268FE8052103541F9D1" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,527,1588,1610]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FE8052103541F9D1" box="[280,527,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A62B268FD8D5210352BF9D1" box="[533,613,1588,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FD8D5210352BF9D1" bold="true" box="[533,613,1588,1610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A62B267FF5F52B1346EFEDB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1685,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A62B268FF5F52B136A4F935" bold="true" box="[199,490,1685,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A62B268FEE552B136A8F935" box="[381,486,1685,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="490" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body robust, bufoniform; head wider than long; head length 19% of SVL; snout short, rounded in lateral and dorsal views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A62B268FD1C529D342DF949" box="[644,867,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[202,1417,394,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1737]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head, (C) ventral view of left hand, and (D) ventral view of left foot. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221062/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Figures 1A and 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); nostrils protuberant; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region slightly concave; eyes slightly protruding laterally and dorsally; eye diameter 72% of head length; tympanum absent; lips nearly sigmoid; vocal sac not expanded externally; vocal slits present; tongue longer than wide, with the posterior half not adherent to floor of mouth; vomerine teeth absent; choanae small and ovoid, anterior to eyes. Arm and forearm moderately slender; hands with fingers I and IV reduced; finger II short but distinct; finger III large and robust; fingertips I, II, and IV rounded, fingertip III pointed; finger lengths IV <I <II <III; subarticular tubercles absent; inner and outer metacarpal tubercles absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A62B268FBBA53B533D9F831" box="[1058,1175,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[202,1417,394,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1737]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head, (C) ventral view of left hand, and (D) ventral view of left foot. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221062/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="490">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs relatively short, moderately robust; thigh length 41% of snout-vent length, tibia length 86% of thigh length; foot with toes I and V not visible externally; toe II greatly reduced; toe III short and distinct; toe IV large and robust; toe lengths II <III <IV; toe tips II and III rounded, toe tip IV pointed; subarticular tubercles absent; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6DB267FF755498362DFF4F" box="[237,355,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[202,1417,394,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1737]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH 39850 (holotype), adult male. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head, (C) ventral view of left hand, and (D) ventral view of left foot. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221062/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Skin on top of the head smooth; dorsal body slightly rough and without dermal co-ossification. Skin on dorsolateral and dorsal surfaces of legs rough and granular; dorsal surface of arms smooth. Skin on ventral surface of arms, and in pectoral and gular regions smooth; skin on belly and ventral surfaces of legs granular; area around the cloacal opening rough and granular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6DB267FD285503345DFEDB" box="[688,787,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[197,1346,870,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,841,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE2. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH39850 (holotype), adult male.(A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.Scale bar = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221064/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6DB267FF5F5568344CFE13" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6DB267FF5F55683523FEFE" bold="true" box="[199,621,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A6DB267FE025568354FFEFE" box="[410,513,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 9.4; HL 1.8; HW 3.0; ND 0.4; IND 1.1; ED 1.3; IOD 2.1; END 0.6; AL 2.0; FAL 2.1; HAL 1.4; THL 3.8; TBL 3.3; FL 4.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6DB267FF5F55B03311FDC4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6DB267FF5F55B0362EFE36" bold="true" box="[199,352,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6DB267FEF755B0369FFE36" box="[367,465,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) Iris black. General body color orange, dorsal surface of body covered by dark green blotches; in dorsal view, a poorly defined dark brown stripe extends from the interorbital region to the posterior end of the vertebral column; arms, legs, fingers III and IV and toe IV dark green, other fingers and toes orange. In lateral view, eye contour, snout tip, lower lip, and corner of the mouth orange. In ventral view, background color orange; dark brown blotches are present on throat, cloacal region, and side of the body, extending toward the dorsum; irregular brownish spots are distributed on belly, arms, legs, fingers, and toes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6DB267FF5F5648366FFC8F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6DB267FF5F5648369FFD1E" bold="true" box="[199,465,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
General dorsal body color brown; arms, legs, fingers III and IV and toe IV brown, other fingers and toes white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6DB267FE4656AB3518FD33" box="[478,598,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[197,1346,870,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,841,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE2. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH39850 (holotype), adult male.(A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.Scale bar = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221064/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, eye contour, snout tip, lower lip, and corner of the mouth white. In ventral view, general background color is white; brown blotches are present on throat, cloacal region, and side of the body, extending toward the dorsum; irregular brown spots are distributed on belly, legs, fingers, and toes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6DB267FF0656D8365AFC8F" box="[158,276,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1588,1610]" captionTargetBox="[197,1346,870,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,841,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE2. Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. CFBH39850 (holotype), adult male.(A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.Scale bar = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221064/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6DB267FF0F535832D6F875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" startId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" targetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6DB267FF0F535832D6F875" blockId="8.[151,1436,1916,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6DB267FF0F5358365CF809" bold="true" box="[151,274,1916,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of a cleared and double-stained specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6DB267FCBD53583355F809" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[805,1051,1916,1938]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6DB267FCBD53583355F809" box="[805,1051,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6DB267FBB95358333FF809" box="[1057,1137,1916,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6DB267FBB95358333FF809" bold="true" box="[1057,1137,1916,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="491">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(paratype CFBH 39848). (A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C) right foot in plantar view; (D) ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrows indicate arytenoids cartilage; and (E) right leg in ventral view, arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused. Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5 mm in B, C, D, and E.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6CB266FF5F54B333C0FC77" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6CB266FF5F54B3360DFF2B" bold="true" box="[199,323,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Osteology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FEC954B336FCFF2B" box="[337,434,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) Absence of hyperossification of the skull and skeleton; skull slightly wider than long in dorsal view. Nasals, sphenethmoid, frontoparietals, prootics, and exoccipitals fused; premaxillae broad, not fused medially, odontoids present; alary process of premaxillae distinct and slightly separated from the nasal; maxillae arched in ventral view, odontoids present; vomers not fused medially, vomerine odontophores absent; palatine absent; parasphenoid and sphenethmoid fused and robust; quadratojulgal and pterygoid present; squamosal Tshaped in lateral view, anterior zygomatic ramus short, approximately ½ of the length of the otic ramus; zygomatic ramus oriented to articulate with maxillae; mandible edentate; columella absent; tympanic annulus absent. Arytenoid cartilages not mineralized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FDCB55B0359EFE37" box="[595,720,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pectoral girdle arciferal and robust; coracoid, clavicle, and scapula fused and completely ossified, except for the epicoracoid region, which is cartilaginous; procoracoid and epicoracoid fused with coracoid but separated from the clavicle by an ovoid fenestra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FBC555F8339AFE6F" box="[1117,1236,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
), distant from the epicoracoid; scapula, cleithrum, and suprascapula fused and elongated; suprascapula not expanded; omosternum developed, with distal portion circular and cartilaginous; sternum absent. Vertebral column composed of eight presacral, non-imbricate vertebrae; hyperossification absent in the spinal processes of the vertebrae; transverse processes of the first presacral vertebrae indistinguishable; all others presacral vertebrae with unornamented transverse processes; lengths of transverse processes of presacrals: VIII<II <VIV<II<V<III<IV; sacral diapophyses moderately expanded; urostyle length slightly larger than presacral region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FC6B56903322FD57" box="[1011,1132,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Humerus and forearm of approximately equal length; radius and ulna completely fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FCF456F334ABFD6B" box="[876,997,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal carpals of manus (I–IV) fused with centrale; radiale and ulnare about the same size; two prepollical elements present; palmar sesamoid present; phalangeal formula 1–2–3–1; tips of terminal phalangeal elements of fingers I and IV pointed and tips of fingers II and III arrow-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FE3857603555FCC7" box="[416,539,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hindlimbs with tibia and fibula fused, forming the tibiofibula; femur and tibiofibula of approximately equal length; fibulare and tibiale completely fused, but distinguishable; sesamoids present in knees and foot joints; pes with distal tarsal element I present, II–III fused and IV and V absent; centrale present; plantar sesamoid present; one reduced prehallical element; phalangeal formula 1–2–3–4–0; tips of terminal phalangeal elements of toes I and II pointed, III and IV arrow-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6CB266FB8A57F03331FC77" box="[1042,1151,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,854,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE3. Detailsof a cleared and double-stained specimenof Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. (paratype CFBH 39848).(A) Dorsal view of skull and skeleton, arrow indicates radio and ulna fused; (B) right hand in palmar view, arrows indicates the prepollical elements; (C)rightfoot inplantar view; (D)ventral view of pectoral girdle, arrowsindicate arytenoidscartilage;and (E)right leg in ventral view,arrow indicates fibulare and tibiale fused.Scale bar = 2.0 mm in A and 0.5mm in B, C, D, and E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6CB266FF0F537433A8F859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221068/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="492" startId="9.[151,250,1872,1894]" targetBox="[272,1320,1072,1832]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6CB266FF0F537433A8F859" blockId="9.[151,1436,1872,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6CB266FF0F5374365DF8FD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1872,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6CB266FD90537435B1F8FD" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[520,767,1872,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6CB266FD90537435B1F8FD" box="[520,767,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6CB266FC9F53743416F8FD" box="[775,856,1872,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6CB266FC9F53743416F8FD" bold="true" box="[775,856,1872,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, voucher specimen CFBH 39848 (paratype), recorded at Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, on 21 January 2015, 10:50 a.m., air temperature 25°C, air relative humidity 100%. (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, a single call is highlighted in orange; and (B) spectrogram and oscillogram of a single call.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6FB265FF0F5345350CF869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221070/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="493" startId="10.[151,250,1889,1911]" targetBox="[152,1409,195,1817]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6FB265FF0F5345350CF869" blockId="10.[151,1436,1889,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6FB265FF0F5345365CF8EC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1889,1911]" pageId="10" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic relationships of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6FB265FD3453453401F8EC" box="[684,847,1889,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6FB265FD3453453401F8EC" box="[684,847,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="493">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (519 base pairs). Topology represents the strict consensus of the 680 most parsimonious trees (of 519 steps). Branch lengths correspond to the number of unambiguous parsimony transformations. Node values represent> 70% support of Jackknife absolute frequencies. Sequences of the new species are highlighted in bold. See Appendix 2 for details of sequences included in this analysis and complete locality names.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6EB264FF0F539D36D2F854" box="[151,412,1977,1999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6EB264FF0F539D36D2F854" blockId="11.[151,412,1977,1999]" box="[151,412,1977,1999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="494">FIGURE 5. (Continued)</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A69B263FF5F54B3350BFE4B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF5F54B336FFFF2B" bold="true" box="[199,433,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD7354BC34B0FF2B" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[747,1022,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD7354BC34B0FF2B" box="[747,1022,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A69B263FB9054B3332BFF2B" box="[1032,1125,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB9054B3332BFF2B" bold="true" box="[1032,1125,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is short, comprised of one high-frequency note and repeated at a rate of 0.13–0.30 calls/second (x̄= 0.20 ± 0.07; n = 110;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FB2154983261FF4F" box="[1209,1327,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[272,1320,1072,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,1057,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov., voucher specimen CFBH 39848 (paratype), recorded at Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, on 21 January 2015, 10:50 a.m., air temperature 25°C, air relative humidity 100%. (A) oscillogram of three consecutivecalls, a single call is highlighted in orange; and (B) spectrogram and oscillogram of a single call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221068/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The call lasts 0.03–0.04 seconds (x̄= 0.04 ± 0.01; n = 110;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FD4D54FB3409FF63" box="[725,839,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[272,1320,1072,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,1057,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov., voucher specimen CFBH 39848 (paratype), recorded at Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, on 21 January 2015, 10:50 a.m., air temperature 25°C, air relative humidity 100%. (A) oscillogram of three consecutivecalls, a single call is highlighted in orange; and (B) spectrogram and oscillogram of a single call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221068/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the inter-call interval is 3.27–7.68 seconds (x̄= 5.42 ± 1.83; n = 104;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FE11552036B1FE87" box="[393,511,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[272,1320,1072,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,1057,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov., voucher specimen CFBH 39848 (paratype), recorded at Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, on 21 January 2015, 10:50 a.m., air temperature 25°C, air relative humidity 100%. (A) oscillogram of three consecutivecalls, a single call is highlighted in orange; and (B) spectrogram and oscillogram of a single call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221068/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Notes are commonly composed of two pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FB86552033DDFE87" box="[1054,1171,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[272,1320,1072,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,1057,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov., voucher specimen CFBH 39848 (paratype), recorded at Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, on 21 January 2015, 10:50 a.m., air temperature 25°C, air relative humidity 100%. (A) oscillogram of three consecutivecalls, a single call is highlighted in orange; and (B) spectrogram and oscillogram of a single call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221068/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but we also registered three pulses, with a repetition rate of 0.26–0.63 pulses/second (x̄= 0.42 ± 0.15; n = 229). The minimum frequency is 3.9–5.9 kHz (x̄=4.8 ± 0.7; n = 110), the maximum frequency is 8.5–9.7 kHz (x̄= 9.1 ± 0.4; n = 110), and the dominant frequency is 6.6–7.3 kHz (x̄= 6.9 ± 0.3; n = 110); most of the energy (90%) is concentrated within 0.7– 1.1 kHz (x̄= 0.8 ± 0.2; n = 110). Spectrograms exhibit a frequency bandwidth that extends to quite high frequencies, (i.e.,> 20 kHz;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FE4E55933576FE4B" box="[470,568,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[272,1320,1072,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,1057,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov., voucher specimen CFBH 39848 (paratype), recorded at Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, on 21 January 2015, 10:50 a.m., air temperature 25°C, air relative humidity 100%. (A) oscillogram of three consecutivecalls, a single call is highlighted in orange; and (B) spectrogram and oscillogram of a single call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221068/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A69B263FF5F55F83594FC53" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF5F55F836E1FE6E" bold="true" box="[199,431,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Molecular analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
Considering DNA sequences of the 16S gene (524 aligned basepairs, 168 terminals), the maximum parsimony analyses retained 680 most parsimonious trees with 519 steps each. The analysis recovered all specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FEE6560035DCFDA7" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[382,658,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEE6560035DCFDA7" box="[382,658,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A69B263FD05560035B4FDA6" box="[669,762,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD05560035B4FDA6" bold="true" box="[669,762,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as a monophyletic group, with 89% of Jackknife support (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FF065663364DFDFB" box="[158,259,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[152,1409,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1946]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE5. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Brachycephalus based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16SrRNA (519 base pairs). Topology represents the strict consensus of the 680 most parsimonious trees (of 519 steps). Branch lengths correspond to the number of unambiguous parsimony transformations. Node values represent> 70% support of Jackknife absolute frequencies.Sequencesof the new species are highlighted in bold.See Appendix 2 for details of sequencesincluded in this analysis and complete locality names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221070/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, our analysis recovered the two main groups of species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB10566C3273FDFB" box="[1160,1341,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB10566C3273FDFB" box="[1160,1341,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are currently recognized;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE155649356CFD1F" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[397,546,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE15564936D0FD1F" box="[397,414,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE345648356CFD1F" box="[428,546,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD3956493446FD1F" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[673,776,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD39564935FCFD1F" box="[673,690,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD5956493446FD1F" box="[705,776,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Nonetheless, the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB0756493203FD1F" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1183,1357,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB07564933FEFD1F" box="[1183,1200,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB2656483203FD1F" box="[1214,1357,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA1C56493649FD33" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA1C564932DBFD1F" box="[1412,1429,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F56B43649FD33" box="[151,263,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain. Our analysis supported the individuality of the new species and recovered its position within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE83569136C9FD57" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[283,391,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE8356913662FD57" box="[283,300,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FED8569136C9FD57" box="[320,391,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE74569135D2FD57" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[492,668,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE74569136B3FD57" box="[492,509,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD89569035D2FD57" box="[529,668,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD375691342CFD57" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[687,866,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD375691358EFD57" box="[687,704,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD4C5691342CFD57" box="[724,866,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FCEE5691334CFD57" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[886,1026,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCEE569134C9FD57" box="[886,903,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC045690334CFD57" box="[924,1026,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">boticario</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB8E569133EDFD57" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1046,1187,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB8E56913369FD57" box="[1046,1063,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FBA3569033EDFD57" box="[1083,1187,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB2F5691323EFD57" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[1207,1392,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB2F56913386FD57" box="[1207,1224,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA9E5690323EFD57" box="[1286,1392,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA1C569137B7FD74" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA1C569132DBFD57" box="[1412,1429,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F56FC37B7FD74" box="[151,249,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE9F56FD36D5FD6B" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[263,411,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE9F56FD3656FD6B" box="[263,280,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEBE56FC36D5FD6B" box="[294,411,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE3256FD3513FD6B" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[426,605,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE3256FD36F5FD6B" box="[426,443,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE5156FC3513FD6B" box="[457,605,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FDF356FD35B1FD6B" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[619,767,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FDF356FD3532FD6B" box="[619,636,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD1356FC35B1FD6B" box="[651,767,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FC9556FD34D2FD6B" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[781,924,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC9556FD3450FD6B" box="[781,798,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCB556FC34D2FD6B" box="[813,924,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FC3256FD3327FD74" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[938,1129,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC3256FD34F5FD6B" box="[938,955,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC5256FC3327FD74" box="[970,1129,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FBEF56FD324EFD6B" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1143,1280,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FBEF56FD33C6FD6B" box="[1143,1160,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB0E56FC324EFD6B" box="[1174,1280,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA9656FD323BFD74" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[1294,1397,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA9656FD3251FD6B" box="[1294,1311,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FAB556FC323BFD74" box="[1325,1397,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA1C56FD37BDFC8F" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA1C56FD32DBFD6B" box="[1412,1429,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F56D837BDFC8F" box="[151,243,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE9C56D936E7FC8F" authorityName="Pie & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[260,425,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE9C56D9365BFC8F" box="[260,277,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEB056D936E7FC8F" box="[296,425,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE2356D93518FC8F" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" box="[443,598,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE2356D93682FC8F" box="[443,460,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE4656D83518FC8F" box="[478,598,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD0356D93477FC8F" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[667,825,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD0356D935E2FC8F" box="[667,684,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD2656D93477FC8F" box="[702,825,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FCD456D834FEFC8E" box="[844,944,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[152,1409,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1946]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE5. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Brachycephalus based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16SrRNA (519 base pairs). Topology represents the strict consensus of the 680 most parsimonious trees (of 519 steps). Branch lengths correspond to the number of unambiguous parsimony transformations. Node values represent> 70% support of Jackknife absolute frequencies.Sequencesof the new species are highlighted in bold.See Appendix 2 for details of sequencesincluded in this analysis and complete locality names." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221070/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The relationships among several species within this group were not resolved and some were not recovered monophyletic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FBBF5705339FFCA3" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[1063,1233,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FBBF57053376FCA3" box="[1063,1080,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FBDF5704339FFCA3" box="[1095,1233,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB475705322BFCA3" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[1247,1381,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB47570533BEFCA3" box="[1247,1264,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB675704322BFCA3" box="[1279,1381,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">boticario</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FF0F57613605FCC7" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,331,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F576137E6FCC7" box="[151,168,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF2F57603605FCC7" box="[183,331,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FEC4576136ABFCC7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[348,485,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEC457613623FCC7" box="[348,365,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEE5576036ABFCC7" box="[381,485,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE6D576135E8FCC7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[501,678,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE6D57613548FCC7" box="[501,518,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FDA4576035E8FCC7" box="[572,678,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD2D57613476FCC7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[693,824,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD2D57613588FCC7" box="[693,710,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD4E57613476FCC7" box="[726,824,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FCE157613340FCC7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[889,1038,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCE1576134C4FCC7" box="[889,906,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC0257603340FCC7" box="[922,1038,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB8757613380FCC7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1055,1230,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB875761337EFCC7" box="[1055,1072,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FBD857613380FCC7" box="[1088,1230,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB465761323DFCC7" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1246,1395,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB46576133A1FCC7" box="[1246,1263,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB675760323DFCC7" box="[1279,1395,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA1C57613678FCE4" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA1C576132DBFCC7" box="[1412,1429,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F574C3678FCE4" box="[151,310,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FED2574D3697FC1B" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[330,473,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FED2574D3615FC1B" box="[330,347,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEF7574C3697FC1B" box="[367,473,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE74574D3516FCE4" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[492,600,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE74574D36B3FC1B" box="[492,509,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD89574C3516FCE4" box="[529,600,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FDF5574D35A0FC1B" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[621,750,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FDF5574D3530FC1B" box="[621,638,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD0A574C35A0FC1B" box="[658,750,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FCAE574D3499FC1B" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[822,983,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCAE574D3409FC1B" box="[822,839,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCC4574D3499FC1B" box="[860,983,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, character sampling in our analyses (restricted to 16S) cannot refute relationships inferred with other loci, and call for a more complete analysis including all available molecular evidence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A69B263FF5F57F032C6FA06" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">
|
||
According to the calculated genetic distances, the highest divergence between southern Atlantic Forest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FF2257DC3621FB8B" box="[186,367,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF2257DC3621FB8B" box="[186,367,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found between the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FCD357DC3335FB8B" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" box="[843,1147,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCD357DC3335FB8B" box="[843,1147,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9.2%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB7F57DC37A2FBAF" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB7F57DC37A2FBAF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A69B263FF6050383619FBAE" box="[248,343,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF6050383619FBAE" bold="true" box="[248,343,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE62503935C8FBAF" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[506,646,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE6250393545FBAF" box="[506,523,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD86503835C8FBAF" box="[542,646,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD025039341FFBAF" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[666,849,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD02503935E5FBAF" box="[666,683,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD7F5038341FFBAF" box="[743,849,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FCFC503934A4FBAF" authorityName="Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley, Pie & Bornschein" authorityYear="2017" box="[868,1002,1053,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curupira">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCFC5039343BFBAF" box="[868,885,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC10503934A4FBAF" box="[904,1002,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">curupira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FC65503933DBFBAF" authorityName="Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1021,1173,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izecksohni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC6550393340FBAF" box="[1021,1038,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FBB9503833DBFBAF" box="[1057,1173,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">izecksohni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB3150393272FBAF" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1193,1340,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB31503933F4FBAF" box="[1193,1210,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB5550383272FBAF" box="[1229,1340,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA1C50393641FBC3" authorityName="Garey, Lima, Hartmann & Haddad" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA1C503932DBFBAF" box="[1412,1429,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F50643641FBC3" box="[151,271,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 6.6–5.3%; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE77506535D6FBC3" authorityName="Bornschein, Ribeiro, Blackburn, Stanley & Pie" authorityYear="2016" box="[495,664,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE775065354EFBC3" box="[495,512,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD95506435D6FBC3" box="[525,664,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">albolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD3D50653464FBC3" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[677,810,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boticario">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD3D506535F8FBC3" box="[677,694,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD5C50643464FBC3" box="[708,810,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">boticario</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FCF050653354FBC3" authorityName="Pie, Bornschein, Firkowski, Belmonte-Lopes & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[872,1050,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FCF050653437FBC3" box="[872,889,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FC1E50643354FBC3" box="[902,1050,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">fuscolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by 4.3–4.2%; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA99506532DAFBC3" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1281,1428,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferruginus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA995065325CFBC3" box="[1281,1298,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FAB8506432DAFBC3" box="[1312,1428,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">ferruginus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FF0F50413664FBE7" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,298,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F504137E6FBE7" box="[151,168,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF5850403664FBE7" box="[192,298,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FEDB504136FAFBE7" authorityName="Pombal, Wistuba & Bornschein" authorityYear="1998" box="[323,436,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pernix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEDB5041361AFBE7" box="[323,340,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEF4504136FAFBE7" box="[364,436,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pernix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE5450413539FBE7" authorityName="Pie & Ribeiro" authorityYear="2015" box="[460,631,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE5450413693FBE7" box="[460,477,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE6E50413539FBE7" box="[502,631,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FD5250413420FBE7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[714,878,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD5250413595FBE7" box="[714,731,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FD6B50413420FBE7" box="[755,878,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 2.4–2.0%; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB2C50413225FBE7" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[1204,1387,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB2C5041338BFBE7" box="[1204,1221,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB4550413225FBE7" box="[1245,1387,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">auroguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FA1C50413678FB04" authorityName="Bornschein, Morato, Firkowski, Ribeiro & Pie" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FA1C504132DBFBE7" box="[1412,1429,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F50AC3678FB04" box="[151,310,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">mariaeterezae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FEE250AD36B6FB3B" authorityName="Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2006" box="[378,504,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pombali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEE250AD36C5FB3B" box="[378,395,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE0450AC36B6FB3B" box="[412,504,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">pombali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 1.9–1.7%. The genetic divergence within the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB7F50AC37A2FB5F" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB7F50AC37A2FB5F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A69B263FF6B50893660FB5F" box="[243,302,1197,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is lower (0.2–1.3%) when compared to the interspecific divergence of species in the same clade (1.7– 6.6%), which additionally supports the new species. The highest genetic divergence (1.3%) within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FB7F50F437A2FA97" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FB7F50F437A2FA97" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A69B263FF6C50D03603FA96" box="[244,333,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF6C50D03603FA96" bold="true" box="[244,333,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was found between mainland populations at Braço do Norte (municipality of Itapoá) and Fazenda Morro Grande on Ilha de São Francisco do Sul (municipality of São Francisco do Sul). The straight-line distance between these two localities is about 20 kilometers. Our data also suggest that genetic divergence within the same population in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FEEA51443569FAE3" box="[370,551,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FEEA51443569FAE3" box="[370,551,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be large. For example, we found 0.5% of divergence among the 12 analyzed individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A69B263FE3B51A13573FA07" authorityName="Ribeiro, Firkowski, Bornschein & Pie" authorityYear="2015" box="[419,573,1413,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE3B51A136FAFA07" box="[419,436,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FE5A51A13573FA07" box="[450,573,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Morro da Tromba (municipality of Joinville, state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A69B263FB4B51A03232FA06" box="[1235,1404,1412,1437]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A69B261FF5F51833309FB1F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,915,1156]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF5F51833540FA5B" bold="true" box="[199,526,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">
|
||
Variation in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A69B263FE12518336F0FA5B" box="[394,446,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4FFD162A69B263FD46518C3474FA5B" box="[734,826,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" type="adult">32 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A69B263FB9D518C337BFA5B" box="[1029,1077,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CB03242A69B263FA975183322DFA5B" box="[1295,1379,1447,1472]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1203,1226]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in millimeters) of 32 adults of the type series of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. The abbreviations for the measurements are listed in the material and methods section. SD = standard deviation." pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. The sub-adult female (SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A69B263FE4E51E8350DFA7F" box="[470,579,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and juvenile (SVL = 5.0 mm) were not included in the analysis of morphometric variation. The larger SVL of females (average =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A69B263FCC751D43488F99C" box="[863,966,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="11.7">11.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; range
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A69B263FB8E51D433F4F993" box="[1046,1210,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.1099999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.4" valueMin="11.1">11.1–12.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) compared to males (average = 10.0 mm; range
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A69B263FE4852303528F9B7" box="[464,614,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.08" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="9.2">9.2–10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) revealed sexual dimorphism in size in the new species (Welch’s t-test T
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A69B263FF0F521D37E4F9CB" box="[151,170,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">=</emphasis>
|
||
11.9, DF = 29.6, P <0.01, n = 32). Dorsal skin texture varies from smooth to granular. Color in life varies mainly in extent of green on the dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FD8B52783538F9EE" box="[531,630,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some species the dorsal coloration includes green blotches over the orange background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FEE4525B35C7F903" box="[380,649,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figures 6A, 6C, and 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in others the green color covers the entire dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FA80525B32C1F903" box="[1304,1423,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dark brown vertebral stripe can be well defined and wide, covering almost all of the dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FB74528037F5F97B" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figures 6A and 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
), or be represented by blotches distributed on the vertebral column and head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FBD052E33267F97B" box="[1096,1321,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figures 6E and 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The eye contour is orange and can be well defined, resembling a mask; the snout tip is also orange in most individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FF06532B36F2F8B3" box="[158,444,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figures 6A, 6C, and 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some individuals possess a dorsolateral line of evident granules extending from the posterior end of the head until the flanks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FDF1531035AEF8D6" box="[617,736,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In ventral view, irregular dark brown blotches are distributed on the bright orange background; some individuals have dark blotches only in the cloacal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FB4D53733207F8EB" box="[1237,1353,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figure 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
), while others have them concentrated on the throat, belly, cloacal region, and side of the body extending toward the dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FF615384354BF822" box="[249,517,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figures 6D, 6F, and 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mandible contour is orange and clearly distinguishable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A69B263FB27538432DDF822" box="[1215,1427,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="495">Figures 6D and 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or with orange shades extending through the gular region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6BB261FCBA57B734D7FC37" box="[802,921,915,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[255,1310,163,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Color variation in Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina.(C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Figure 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only known juvenile is mainly brown in color, lacking the orange background of the adults (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6BB261FD4357933470FC54" box="[731,830,951,976]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[191,1384,234,742]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE7. Juvenile of Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. in life (snout-vent length = 5.0 mm). (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of the specimen CFBH 39859 (paratype), from Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, Distrito do Saí, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221074/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); the dorsum is covered by dark brown and red spots; a dark brown lateral stripe is present from the tip of snout to flanks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6BB261FC0357FF335AFC68" box="[923,1044,987,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[191,1384,234,742]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE7. Juvenile of Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. in life (snout-vent length = 5.0 mm). (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of the specimen CFBH 39859 (paratype), from Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, Distrito do Saí, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221074/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Figure 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
); the ventral surface of the body is slightly transparent, belly mainly white with a dark brown large blotch; an inverted V-shape mark is present on the chest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6BB261FF7B50073610FBA0" box="[227,350,1059,1084]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,792,814]" captionTargetBox="[191,1384,234,742]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE7. Juvenile of Brachycephalus actaeus sp.nov. in life (snout-vent length = 5.0 mm). (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of the specimen CFBH 39859 (paratype), from Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, Distrito do Saí, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221074/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Figure 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal pattern, lateral stripe, and the inverted V-shape mark on the chest, observed in juvenile are similar to the markings on the sympatric species of flea-toad
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6BB261FC4A506C332CFBC4" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" box="[978,1122,1095,1119]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FC4A506C332CFBC4" box="[978,1122,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">B. sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In preservative, the orange color varies from pale cream to white; brown and green are replaced by dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A68B262FF0F531F3670F871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221072/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="496" startId="13.[151,250,1851,1873]" targetBox="[284,1285,192,1793]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A68B262FF0F531F3670F871" blockId="13.[151,1436,1851,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A68B262FF0F531F3658F8CA" bold="true" box="[151,278,1851,1873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Color variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A68B262FE7F531F35AFF8CA" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[487,737,1851,1873]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A68B262FE7F531F35AFF8CA" box="[487,737,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="496">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A68B262FD74531F340EF8CA" box="[748,832,1851,1873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A68B262FD74531F340EF8CA" bold="true" box="[748,832,1851,1873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of CFBH 39864 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (C) Dorsolateral and (D) ventral views of CFBH 39863 (paratype), adult female, from municipality of Itapoá, state of Santa Catarina. (E) Dorsolateral and (F) ventral views of CFBH 39876 (paratopotype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. (G) Dorsolateral and (H) ventral views of CFBH 39846 (paratype), adult male, from municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6BB261FF0F573C34BCFCF0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221074/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" startId="14.[151,250,792,814]" targetBox="[191,1384,234,742]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6BB261FF0F573C34BCFCF0" blockId="14.[151,1436,792,875]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FF0F573C365CFCB5" bold="true" box="[151,274,792,814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6BB261FE16573C35CAFCB5" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[398,644,792,814]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FE16573C35CAFCB5" box="[398,644,792,814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6BB261FD12573C3594FCB5" box="[650,730,792,814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FD12573C3594FCB5" bold="true" box="[650,730,792,814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life (snout-vent length = 5.0 mm). (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of the specimen CFBH 39859 (paratype), from Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, Distrito do Saí, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6BB261FF0F5097325CFB71" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6BB261FF0F5097325CFB71" blockId="14.[151,1436,1202,1258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FF0F50973643FB51" bold="true" box="[151,269,1203,1226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in millimeters) of 32 adults of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6BB261FC625096324CFB51" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[1018,1282,1202,1226]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FC625096324CFB51" box="[1018,1282,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6BB261FA9550973229FB51" box="[1293,1383,1203,1226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6BB261FA9550973229FB51" bold="true" box="[1293,1383,1203,1226]" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The abbreviations for the measurements are listed in the material and methods section. SD = standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6BB261FEDC51213240F81C" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<table id="F949C43F2A6B4D90FF0751213268F81C" box="[159,1318,1285,1927]" gridcols="7" gridrows="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0751213268FA80" box="[159,1318,1285,1307]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC51213690FA80" box="[324,478,1285,1307]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Males (n = 17)</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC515121333BFA80" box="[969,1141,1285,1307]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Females (n = 15)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF07510B3268FADE" box="[159,1318,1327,1349]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC510B3630FADE" box="[324,382,1327,1349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE26510B3690FADE" box="[446,478,1327,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">SD</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13510B35AAFADE" box="[651,740,1327,1349]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC51510B334DFADE" box="[969,1027,1327,1349]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD2510B333BFADE" box="[1098,1141,1327,1349]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">SD</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A510B3268FADE" box="[1218,1318,1327,1349]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">Range</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF07517C3268FAF5" box="[159,1318,1368,1390]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF07517C379DFAF5" box="[159,211,1368,1390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC517C3630FAF5" box="[324,382,1368,1390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">10.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE26517C3690FAF5" box="[446,478,1368,1390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13517C35AAFAF5" box="[651,740,1368,1390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">9.2–10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC51517C334DFAF5" box="[969,1027,1368,1390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD2517C333BFAF5" box="[1098,1141,1368,1390]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A517C3268FAF5" box="[1218,1318,1368,1390]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">11.1–12.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0751A53268FA0C" box="[159,1318,1409,1431]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF0751A5379DFA0C" box="[159,211,1409,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC51A53630FA0C" box="[324,382,1409,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2651A53690FA0C" box="[446,478,1409,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD1351A535AAFA0C" box="[651,740,1409,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.8–2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC5151A5334DFA0C" box="[969,1027,1409,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD251A5333BFA0C" box="[1098,1141,1409,1431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A51A53268FA0C" box="[1218,1318,1409,1431]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.1–2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF07518F3268FA5A" box="[159,1318,1451,1473]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF07518F379DFA5A" box="[159,211,1451,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC518F3630FA5A" box="[324,382,1451,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE26518F3690FA5A" box="[446,478,1451,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13518F35AAFA5A" box="[651,740,1451,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.0–3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC51518F334DFA5A" box="[969,1027,1451,1473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD2518F333BFA5A" box="[1098,1141,1451,1473]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A518F3268FA5A" box="[1218,1318,1451,1473]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.7–4.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0751F03268FA71" box="[159,1318,1492,1514]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF0751F0379DFA71" box="[159,211,1492,1514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">ND</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC51F03630FA71" box="[324,382,1492,1514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2651F03690FA71" box="[446,478,1492,1514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD1351F035AAFA71" box="[651,740,1492,1514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.3–0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC5151F0334DFA71" box="[969,1027,1492,1514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD251F0333BFA71" box="[1098,1141,1492,1514]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A51F03268FA71" box="[1218,1318,1492,1514]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.3–0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0751D93268F988" box="[159,1318,1533,1555]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF0751D9379DF988" box="[159,211,1533,1555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC51D93630F988" box="[324,382,1533,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2651D93690F988" box="[446,478,1533,1555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD1351D935AAF988" box="[651,740,1533,1555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.1–1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC5151D9334DF988" box="[969,1027,1533,1555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD251D9333BF988" box="[1098,1141,1533,1555]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A51D93268F988" box="[1218,1318,1533,1555]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.3–1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0752033268F9A6" box="[159,1318,1575,1597]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF075203379DF9A6" box="[159,211,1575,1597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">ED</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC52033630F9A6" box="[324,382,1575,1597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2652033690F9A6" box="[446,478,1575,1597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13520335AAF9A6" box="[651,740,1575,1597]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.2–1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC515203334DF9A6" box="[969,1027,1575,1597]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD25203333BF9A6" box="[1098,1141,1575,1597]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A52033268F9A6" box="[1218,1318,1575,1597]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.3–1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0752743268F9FD" box="[159,1318,1616,1638]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF075274379DF9FD" box="[159,211,1616,1638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC52743630F9FD" box="[324,382,1616,1638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2652743690F9FD" box="[446,478,1616,1638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13527435AAF9FD" box="[651,740,1616,1638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.9–2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC515274334DF9FD" box="[969,1027,1616,1638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD25274333BF9FD" box="[1098,1141,1616,1638]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A52743268F9FD" box="[1218,1318,1616,1638]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.2–2.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF07525D3268F914" box="[159,1318,1657,1679]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF07525D379DF914" box="[159,211,1657,1679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">END</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC525D3630F914" box="[324,382,1657,1679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE26525D3690F914" box="[446,478,1657,1679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13525D35AAF914" box="[651,740,1657,1679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.6–0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC51525D334DF914" box="[969,1027,1657,1679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD2525D333BF914" box="[1098,1141,1657,1679]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A525D3268F914" box="[1218,1318,1657,1679]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.6–0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0752873268F922" box="[159,1318,1699,1721]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF075287379DF922" box="[159,211,1699,1721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">AL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC52873630F922" box="[324,382,1699,1721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2652873690F922" box="[446,478,1699,1721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13528735AAF922" box="[651,740,1699,1721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.8–2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC515287334DF922" box="[969,1027,1699,1721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD25287333BF922" box="[1098,1141,1699,1721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A52873268F922" box="[1218,1318,1699,1721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.0–2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0752E83268F979" box="[159,1318,1740,1762]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF0752E8379DF979" box="[159,211,1740,1762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">FAL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC52E83630F979" box="[324,382,1740,1762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2652E83690F979" box="[446,478,1740,1762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD1352E835AAF979" box="[651,740,1740,1762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.8–2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC5152E8334DF979" box="[969,1027,1740,1762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD252E8333BF979" box="[1098,1141,1740,1762]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A52E83268F979" box="[1218,1318,1740,1762]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">2.1–2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0752D13268F890" box="[159,1318,1781,1803]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF0752D1379DF890" box="[159,211,1781,1803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">HAL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC52D13630F890" box="[324,382,1781,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2652D13690F890" box="[446,478,1781,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD1352D135AAF890" box="[651,740,1781,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.4–1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC5152D1334DF890" box="[969,1027,1781,1803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD252D1333BF890" box="[1098,1141,1781,1803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A52D13268F890" box="[1218,1318,1781,1803]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">1.5–2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF07533B3268F8AE" box="[159,1318,1823,1845]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF07533B379DF8AE" box="[159,211,1823,1845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">THL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC533B3630F8AE" box="[324,382,1823,1845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE26533B3690F8AE" box="[446,478,1823,1845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13533B35AAF8AE" box="[651,740,1823,1845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.8–4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC51533B334DF8AE" box="[969,1027,1823,1845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD2533B333BF8AE" box="[1098,1141,1823,1845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A533B3268F8AE" box="[1218,1318,1823,1845]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.8–4.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF07536C3268F8C5" box="[159,1318,1864,1886]" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF07536C379DF8C5" box="[159,211,1864,1886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">TBL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC536C3630F8C5" box="[324,382,1864,1886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE26536C3690F8C5" box="[446,478,1864,1886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13536C35AAF8C5" box="[651,740,1864,1886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.2–3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC51536C334DF8C5" box="[969,1027,1864,1886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD2536C333BF8C5" box="[1098,1141,1864,1886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A536C3268F8C5" box="[1218,1318,1864,1886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">3.4–4.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357934DD2A6B4D90FF0753553268F81C" box="[159,1318,1905,1927]" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<th id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FF075355379DF81C" box="[159,211,1905,1927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">FL</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FEDC53553630F81C" box="[324,382,1905,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FE2653553690F81C" box="[446,478,1905,1927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FD13535535AAF81C" box="[651,740,1905,1927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">4.2–5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FC515355334DF81C" box="[969,1027,1905,1927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FBD25355333BF81C" box="[1098,1141,1905,1927]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DA12A6B4D90FB5A53553268F81C" box="[1218,1318,1905,1927]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="497">5.0–5.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6AB260FF5F54B336EBFDA6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FF5F54B33553FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,541,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Natural history and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is associated with leaf-litter and lives in the interior of dense sub-montane and/or lowland ombrophilous Atlantic Forest remnants. These forest remnants are well preserved and are represented by secondary forests in medium to advanced stages of regeneration. Individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FB7F54C437A2FE87" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FB7F54C437A2FE87" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FF6055203618FE86" box="[248,342,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FF6055203618FE86" bold="true" box="[248,342,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were generally found amidst a thin layer of leaf-litter. The species is cryptic and commonly exhibits the behavior of thanatosis when caught. This species is active during the day and its reproduction period appears to be annual because males were found calling from January to December at temperatures between 10– 26°C. Calling males were always found under leaves and females were rarely found exposed. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A6AB260FAAC55543648FE37" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" refId="ref13610" refString="Goutte, S., Mason, M. J., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Montealegre-Z, F., Chivers, B. D., Sarria-S, F. A., Antoniazzi, M. M., Jared, C., Sato, L. A. & Toledo, L. F. (2017) Evidence of auditory insensitivity to vocalization frequencies in two frogs. Scientific Reports, 7, 12121. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 12145 - 5" type="journal article">
|
||
Goutte
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FA10555537E3FE37" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that two species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FD4E55B034C4FE37" box="[726,906,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FD4E55B034C4FE37" box="[726,906,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deaf, being incapable of hearing their own vocalizations. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FEFE559C3538FE4B" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[358,630,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FEFE559C3538FE4B" box="[358,630,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FDE655933599FE4B" box="[638,727,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FDE655933599FE4B" bold="true" box="[638,727,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
we observed, in several instances, that the vocalizations of one male stimulate its neighbors to vocalize, resulting in synchronized alternation in the emission of vocalizations among them. These observations indicate that males of the new species are able to hear and use vocalizations to interact with each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6AB260FF5F566C3514FCC6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">
|
||
In November of 2015, at Vila da Glória, we captured a male and a female that were kept in a plastic bag. Some minutes after capture, the pair amplected in an axillary position. Subsequently, in the laboratory, two large yellow eggs were found amidst the leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6AB260FDB156AB344DFD33" box="[553,771,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[185,1394,919,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,875,1435]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eggs of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Male left, CFBH 39861 (paratype) and female right, CFBH 39860 (paratype), after oviposition. (B) Detail of the eggs of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221076/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Figures 8A and 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); however, we did not observe the duration of amplexus or the moment of egg deposition. The eggs were covered with a transparent gelatinous capsule that measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A6AB260FAA7569032D6FD57" box="[1343,1432,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; without the gelatinous capsule the eggs measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B7A2A6AB260FD4A56FC3464FD74" box="[722,810,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6AB260FC5A56F33377FD6B" box="[962,1081,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[185,1394,919,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,875,1435]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eggs of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Male left, CFBH 39861 (paratype) and female right, CFBH 39860 (paratype), after oviposition. (B) Detail of the eggs of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221076/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The eggs were deposited in a leaf fold and were visited several times by one or both individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6AB260FC0356D8335DFC8F" box="[923,1043,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1420,1442]" captionTargetBox="[185,1394,919,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,875,1435]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Eggs of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. (A) Male left, CFBH 39861 (paratype) and female right, CFBH 39860 (paratype), after oviposition. (B) Detail of the eggs of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221076/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Figure 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). We did not observe any physical contact between the parents and the eggs after oviposition. Apparently, the eggs were not fertilized, and a week later their surface was covered by fungi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A6AB260FF0F51A83347FA5B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221076/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" startId="15.[151,250,1420,1442]" targetBox="[185,1394,919,1372]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6AB260FF0F51A83347FA5B" blockId="15.[151,1435,1420,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FF0F51A8365DFA39" bold="true" box="[151,275,1420,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FEE951A83526FA39" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[369,616,1420,1442]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FEE951A83526FA39" box="[369,616,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FDE851A8358FFA39" box="[624,705,1420,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FDE851A8358FFA39" bold="true" box="[624,705,1420,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A) Male left, CFBH 39861 (paratype) and female right, CFBH 39860 (paratype), after oviposition. (B) Detail of the eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FD24518E34FCFA5B" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[700,946,1450,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FD24518E34FCFA5B" box="[700,946,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FC21518E3347FA5B" box="[953,1033,1450,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6AB260FF5F51CA3345F9E9" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">
|
||
In its mainland distribution,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FD8951C9346BF99E" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[529,805,1517,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FD8951C9346BF99E" box="[529,805,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FCB751C934C5F99D" box="[815,907,1517,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FCB751C934C5F99D" bold="true" box="[815,907,1517,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occurs in syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FB3E51CA3276F99E" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" box="[1190,1336,1517,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FB3E51CA3276F99E" box="[1190,1336,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">B. sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Calling males of both species were found together and the advertisement calls are easily distinguishable by their distinct structures, despite the similarities in their dominant frequencies. Differences between the advertisement calls of these two species are detailed in the section “Comparisons with other species”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A6AB260FF5F52593586F841" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A6AB260FF5F52593586F841" blockId="15.[151,1437,1517,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FF5F5259362EF90D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1661,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FEFF52593536F90E" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[359,632,1661,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FEFF52593536F90E" box="[359,632,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FDE752593597F90D" box="[639,729,1661,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FDE752593597F90D" bold="true" box="[639,729,1661,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is known from six nearby localities along the coast in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A6AB260FF2C52863615F921" box="[180,347,1697,1722]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E760F2A6AB260FEFD528536E7F921" box="[357,425,1697,1722]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A1A2A6AB260FE2052853557F921" box="[440,537,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1133,1155]" captionTargetBox="[207,1407,238,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1111]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Brachycephalus actaeus sp. nov. in northeastern state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. (1) Type locality, Serra da Palha, Laranjeiras and (2) Fazenda Morro Grande, both at Ilha de São Franciscodo Sul, municipality of São Francisco do Sul; (3) Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, (4) Estrada do Saí, and (5) Fazenda Palmito Juriti,at mainland region, municipality of São Francisco do Sul; and (6) Braço do Norte, municipality of Itapoá.Abbreviations to Brazilian states: PR = Paraná, SC = Santa Catarina,and RS = Rio Grande do Sul." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221078/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species occurs at two localities on Ilha de São Francisco do Sul (Serra da Palha and Fazenda Morro Grande), and three mainland localities in Distrito do Saí (Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Estrada do Saí, and Fazenda Palmito Juriti), all located in the municipality of São Francisco do Sul. On the mainland, the new species also occurs at Braço do Norte, municipality of Itapoá, in the same mountain range (Serra do Saí). The distribution of the new species seems to be restricted to the coastal region in northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A6AB260FE005372350FF8F5" box="[408,577,1877,1902]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, including lowlands near sea level and coastal mountains up to 250 meters. We recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A6AB260FEB3535D3574F80A" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[299,570,1913,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FEB3535D3574F80A" box="[299,570,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A6AB260FDDA535D35D5F809" box="[578,667,1913,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A6AB260FDDA535D35D5F809" bold="true" box="[578,667,1913,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
at 20 meters above sea level in Serra da Palha, Ilha de São Francisco do Sul. Despite its occurrence in lowlands, the distribution is restricted to the foothills of the mountains and it is not associated with the flat relief of the coastal plains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3666172A75B27FFF0F504934A6FB66" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221078/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" startId="16.[151,250,1133,1155]" targetBox="[207,1407,238,1090]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A75B27FFF0F504934A6FB66" blockId="16.[151,1436,1133,1277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF0F5049365DFB18" bold="true" box="[151,275,1133,1155]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFE20504935E1FB18" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[440,687,1133,1155]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE20504935E1FB18" box="[440,687,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A75B27FFD2E50493446FB18" box="[694,776,1133,1155]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD2E50493446FB18" bold="true" box="[694,776,1133,1155]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in northeastern state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. (1) Type locality, Serra da Palha, Laranjeiras and (2) Fazenda Morro Grande, both at Ilha de São Francisco do Sul, municipality of São Francisco do Sul; (3) Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da Univille, Vila da Glória, (4) Estrada do Saí, and (5) Fazenda Palmito Juriti, at mainland region, municipality of São Francisco do Sul; and (6) Braço do Norte, municipality of Itapoá. Abbreviations to Brazilian states: PR = Paraná, SC = Santa Catarina, and RS = Rio Grande do Sul.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A75B27FFF5F510E33EEFA11" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A75B27FFF5F510E33EEFA11" blockId="16.[151,1436,1322,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF5F510E3600FAD8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1322,1347]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFDAF510F35C2FAD9" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[567,652,1323,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFDAF510F35C2FAD9" box="[567,652,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Latin adjective that means situated on the edge. It is derived from the Latin word
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFEDF516B3639FAFD" box="[327,375,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">acta</emphasis>
|
||
, which was incorporated from Greek, and means shore, coast, or beach. The name is used in allusion to the typical habitat of the new species, the coastal lowlands of the Atlantic Forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35365142A75B27EFF5F51B2338BFCC7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A75B27FFF5F51B23529F874" blockId="16.[151,1436,1322,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF5F51B23675FA34" bold="true" box="[199,315,1430,1455]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFD9251B235F1FA35" box="[522,703,1430,1454]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD9251B235F1FA35" box="[522,703,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considered microendemic, occurring at one or a few high elevation sites along the mountains of the Atlantic Forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFCAA519E3490FA48" box="[818,990,1466,1491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref14784" refString="Pie, M. R., Meyer, A. L. S., Firkowski, C. R., Ribeiro, L. F. & Bornschein, M. R. (2013) Understanding the mechanisms underlying the distribution of microendemic montane frogs (Brachycephalus spp., Terrarana: Brachycephalidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Ecological Modelling, 250, 165 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecolmodel. 2012.10.019" type="journal article">
|
||
Pie
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFCF8519F34DCFA49" box="[864,914,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFC72519E33B0FA48" box="[1002,1278,1466,1491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12196" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Correa, L., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Junior, R. L., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a). Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4 (e 2490), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2490" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFBEA519F33EBFA49" box="[1138,1189,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in contrast to this pattern, the expanding knowledge for the genus is revealing that even species with small geographic ranges can be found beyond their
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A75B27FFD8552273503F980" box="[541,589,1539,1563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities and even over broad elevational ranges. At least nine species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFF0F52023602F9A5" box="[151,332,1574,1598]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF0F52023602F9A5" box="[151,332,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to have broad geographic distributions:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFC3C520333B6F9A4" authority="(Pie et al. 2013)" authorityName="Pie et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[932,1272,1574,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC3C520334FBF9A5" box="[932,949,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC5E52023360F9A5" box="[966,1070,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFBD8520233BEF9A4" box="[1088,1264,1574,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref14784" refString="Pie, M. R., Meyer, A. L. S., Firkowski, C. R., Ribeiro, L. F. & Bornschein, M. R. (2013) Understanding the mechanisms underlying the distribution of microendemic montane frogs (Brachycephalus spp., Terrarana: Brachycephalidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Ecological Modelling, 250, 165 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecolmodel. 2012.10.019" type="journal article">
|
||
Pie
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFBF7520333EDF9A5" box="[1135,1187,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFA9F520336D9F9F8" authority="(Oliveira et al. 2012)" authorityName="Oliveira et al." authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFA9F52033256F9A5" box="[1287,1304,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFAB1520232D2F9A5" box="[1321,1436,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">didactylus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFF06526E36C1F9F8" box="[158,399,1610,1635]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref14571" refString="Oliveira, J. C. F., Coco, L., Pagotto, R. V., Pralon, E., Vrcibradic, D., Pombal, J. P. & Rocha, C. F. D. (2012) Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalus didactylus (Izecksohn, 1971) and Zachaenus parvulus (Girard, 1853): Distribution extension. Check List, 8 (2), 242 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.2.242" type="journal article">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE90526F3670F9F9" box="[264,318,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFE30526F3481F9F8" authority="(Clemente-Carvalho et al. 2008)" authorityName="Clemente-Carvalho et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[424,975,1610,1635]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE30526F36F7F9F9" box="[424,441,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE54526E350CF9F9" box="[460,578,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFDCF526E3489F9F8" box="[599,967,1610,1635]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12427" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Monteiro, L., Bonato, V., Rocha, H., Pereira, G., Oliveira, D., Lopes, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Martins, E. & Reis, S. F. (2008) Geographic variation in cranial shape in the pumpkin toadlet (Brachycephalus ephippium): a geometric analysis. Journal of Herpetology, 42 (1), 176 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 07 - 141 R 1.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Clemente-Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFCD8526F3438F9F9" box="[832,886,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFC78526F33DDF9F9" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[992,1171,1610,1634]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC78526F34BFF9F9" box="[992,1009,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFB9C526E33DDF9F9" box="[1028,1171,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFB3F526E32D9F9F8" box="[1191,1431,1610,1635]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref14930" refString="Pimenta, B. V. S., Bernils, R. S. & Pombal, J. P. (2007) Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae, Brachycephalus hermogenesi: filling gap and geographic distribution map. Check List, 3 (3), 277 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 3.3.277" type="journal article">
|
||
Pimenta
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFA8A526F3207F9F9" box="[1298,1353,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFF0F524A36CEF91C" box="[151,384,1646,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref15980" refString="Verdade, V. K., Rodrigues, M. T., Cassimiro, J., Pavan, D., Liou, N. & Lange, M. (2008) Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 42 (3), 542 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 07 - 287.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Verdade
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF65524B367CF91D" box="[253,306,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFE0F524B3410F91C" authority="(Bornschein et al. 2016 a)" authorityName="Bornschein et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[407,862,1646,1671]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE0F524B36E6F91D" box="[407,424,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE22524A3567F91D" box="[442,553,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">leopardus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFDA2524A3418F91C" box="[570,854,1646,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12196" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Correa, L., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Junior, R. L., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a). Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4 (e 2490), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2490" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD5F524B35B2F91D" box="[711,764,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFCF5524B323BF91C" authority="(Pombal & Izecksohn 2011)" authorityName="Pombal & Izecksohn" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Pombal & Izecksohn" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[877,1397,1646,1671]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFCF5524B3430F91D" box="[877,894,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC08524B336FF91D" box="[912,1057,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">margaritatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFBAB524A3223F91C" box="[1075,1389,1646,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref15288" refString="Pombal, J. P. & Izecksohn, E. (2011) Uma nova especie de Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 51 (28), 443 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492011002800001" type="journal article">Pombal & Izecksohn 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFA1C524B3647F931" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodoterga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFA1C524B32DBF91D" box="[1412,1429,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF0F52B63647F931" box="[151,265,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">nodoterga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFE8652B635DCF930" box="[286,658,1682,1707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12750" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, R. B. G., Perez, S. I., Tonhati, C. H., Condez, T. H., Sawaya, R. J., Haddad, C. F. B. & Reis, S. F. (2015) Boundaries of morphological and molecular variation and the distribution range of a miniaturized froglet, Brachycephalus nodoterga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 50 (1), 169 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 14 - 119" type="journal article">
|
||
Clemente-Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD9152B7350CF931" box="[521,578,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFD3C52B634CBF930" box="[676,901,1682,1707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref11780" refString="Abegg, A. D., Ortiz, F. R., Rocha, B. & Condez, T. H. (2015) A new record for Brachycephalus nodoterga (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae) in the state of Sao Paulo. Brazil. Check List, 11 (1769), 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 11.5.1769" type="journal article">
|
||
Abegg
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD6452B7347BF931" box="[764,821,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFC3852B7323CF930" authority="(Bornschein et al. 2016 a)" authorityName="Bornschein et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[928,1394,1682,1707]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC3852B734FFF931" box="[928,945,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC5E52B6337EF931" box="[966,1072,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFBDD52B63224F930" box="[1093,1386,1682,1707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12196" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Correa, L., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Junior, R. L., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a). Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4 (e 2490), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2490" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFB4C52B73242F931" box="[1236,1292,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFA1C52B73515F954" authority="(Bornschein et al. 2016 a)" authorityName="Bornschein et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quiririensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFA1C52B732DBF931" box="[1412,1429,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF0F52933656F955" box="[151,280,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">quiririensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFEB65292351AF954" box="[302,596,1718,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12196" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Correa, L., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Junior, R. L., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a). Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4 (e 2490), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2490" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE25529336BAF955" box="[445,500,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFD3D52933306F954" authority="(Condez et al. 2016)" authorityName="Condez et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[677,1096,1718,1743]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD3D529335F8F955" box="[677,694,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD5352923475F955" box="[715,827,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFCC95292330FF954" box="[849,1089,1718,1743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Condez
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFC2E529334A1F955" box="[950,1007,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFB4D52933221F955" box="[1237,1391,1718,1742]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFB4D529333A8F955" box="[1237,1254,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFB6452923221F955" box="[1276,1391,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">didactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFA1C52933668F969" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta & Sawaya" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermogenesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFA1C529332DBF955" box="[1412,1429,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFF0F52FE3668F969" box="[151,294,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">hermogenesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFEFE52FF36B9F969" box="[358,503,1754,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFEFE52FF3639F969" box="[358,375,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFE1F52FE36B9F969" box="[391,503,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also exhibit broad elevational ranges, occurring from sea level up to 1000 meters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFF0652DA36CCF88C" box="[158,386,1790,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12932" refString="Condez, T. H., Monteiro, J. P. C., Comitti, E. J., Garcia, P. C. A., Amaral, I. B. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4083.1.2" type="journal article">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Broad elevational ranges for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFCF152DA3350F88D" box="[873,1054,1790,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFCF152DA3350F88D" box="[873,1054,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been associated with those species that possess a “leptodactyliform” body and cryptic coloration (sometimes defined as “flea-toads”), while those with a “bufoniform” body and conspicuous coloration (sometimes defined as “pumpkin-toadlets”) have been associated with restricted distributions at higher elevations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFCA1534E34AEF818" box="[825,992,1898,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref14784" refString="Pie, M. R., Meyer, A. L. S., Firkowski, C. R., Ribeiro, L. F. & Bornschein, M. R. (2013) Understanding the mechanisms underlying the distribution of microendemic montane frogs (Brachycephalus spp., Terrarana: Brachycephalidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Ecological Modelling, 250, 165 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecolmodel. 2012.10.019" type="journal article">
|
||
Pie
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFCFD534F34D8F819" box="[869,918,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFC74534E33B5F818" box="[1004,1275,1898,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref12196" refString="Bornschein, M. R., Firkowski, C. R., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Correa, L., Ribeiro, L. F., Morato, S. A. A., Antoniazzi-Junior, R. L., Reinert, B. L., Meyer, A. L. S., Cini, F. A. & Pie, M. R. (2016 a). Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PeerJ, 4 (e 2490), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2490" type="journal article">
|
||
Bornschein
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFBEC534F33EBF819" box="[1140,1189,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B6E2A75B27FFA9F534E37B6F83C" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" refId="ref13709" refString="Guimaraes, C. S., Luz, S., Rocha, P. C. & Feio, R. N. (2017) The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: a new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4258 (4), 327 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4258.4.2" type="journal article">
|
||
Guimarães
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFA10534F37E3F83D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the new species described herein,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A75B27FFD6553AA3340F83D" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[765,1038,1934,1958]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFD6553AA3340F83D" box="[765,1038,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A75B27FFB8D53AA3321F83C" box="[1045,1135,1934,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A75B27FFB8D53AA3321F83C" bold="true" box="[1045,1135,1934,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, represents the first record of a “pumpkin-toadlet” occurring in the lowlands of the Atlantic Forest, and thus is of particular significance to understanding the evolution of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A74B27EFF5F54B336AFFEFF" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">
|
||
Local adaptation to distinct climatic conditions notwithstanding, it seems likely that the current conditions of the lowland and sub-montane forests of the southern Atlantic Forest are similar to those required for the persistence of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A74B27EFEB654C436ACFF63" box="[302,482,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFEB654C436ACFF63" box="[302,482,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the highlands along the southeastern part of the Atlantic Forest. Furthermore, the development of suitable climatic conditions for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A74B27EFD49552034CBFE87" box="[721,901,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFD49552034CBFE87" box="[721,901,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurrence on the emerged continental shelf during the Quaternary (Leite
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFE7A550D355AFEDB" box="[482,532,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015) may explain the expansion of its distribution and colonization of coastal lowlands by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A74B27EFEBE55683694FEFF" box="[294,474,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFEBE55683694FEFF" box="[294,474,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6369F2A74B27EFF5F554B338BFCC7" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">
|
||
Climate change has been demonstrated to be one of the main threats to the conservation of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A74B27EFF0F55B03605FE37" box="[151,331,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFF0F55B03605FE37" box="[151,331,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially considering their close association with montane forests, which are particularly vulnerable to changes in climate and will probably shrink or disappear with a warmer future climate (Haddad
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFAFC559D32DBFE4B" box="[1380,1429,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008). Moreover, with the addition of new lowland records for the genus, alteration in sea level represents another potential source of negative effects to these species as a result of global climate change. Presently, the main threats faced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A74B27EFF6556003540FDA7" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[253,526,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFF6556003540FDA7" box="[253,526,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A74B27EFD8D56003520FDA6" box="[533,622,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFD8D56003520FDA6" bold="true" box="[533,622,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are habitat loss and modification associated with the intense rapid urban expansion and seaport construction in the coastal region of northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF87D2A74B27EFC5E566C3320FDFB" box="[966,1134,583,608]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These changes in the land use are particularly detrimental to the new species, which is an exclusive forest leaf-litter dweller with a limited area of occurrence. Despite occurring at six localities, the distribution of the new species is restricted to areas near this coastal region where there are few established conservation units. The new species could potentially be present inside a protected area called Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Morro da Palha, located near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F2883D2A74B27EFF0F56D93789FC8E" box="[151,199,765,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. However, its occurrence in Parque Estadual Acaraí (Ilha de São Francisco do Sul) and RPPN Volta Velha (Itapoá) is not expected because of the flat relief formations present there, such as sandy coastal plains and/or lowland forests, where populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D1C2A74B27EFDDC5760341AFCC7" authority="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad, 2018" authorityName="Monteiro & Condez & Garcia & Comitti & Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2018" box="[580,852,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="actaeus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFDDC5760341AFCC7" box="[580,852,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">Brachycephalus actaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57F62A74B27EFCC4576034F8FCC6" box="[860,950,836,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEA8D2A74B27EFCC4576034F8FCC6" bold="true" box="[860,950,836,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="500">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are not known to occur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |