287 lines
32 KiB
XML
287 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="196BE30BB347814241D22C1B0D7416B6" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2016.5.1.014" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8120366" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1688645042619" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cho, Yanghoon, Kim, Jonghwan, Han, Jeong Eun & Lee, Byoungyoon" docDate="2016" docId="03D82F2C3F65FFF8FCF3F9D3FA9B055D" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.5.1.14-21.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 5 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.1.014" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.1:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Vulpia bromoides" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFE157543F65FFFAFFCBFFD6FFB60602" masterDocTitle="Vascular plants of Poaceae (Ⅰ) new to Korea: Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray, Agrostis capillaris L. and Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="14" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1689092025221" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4E55274943EA95583F6D1C03AD89511A">
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<mods:title id="39394697ABBF7EC84A2055BF36631A25">Vascular plants of Poaceae (Ⅰ) new to Korea: Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray, Agrostis capillaris L. and Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="579FF4CBD00DB5EF9216EB029C91D2E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="91D5EB7535A4C2B58A74D6DAE2829793">Cho, Yanghoon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="64BA39411670B3C17520EEF4F608CCBB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6A0649AF427DE0CA1B4784EE4ADEFCB7">Kim, Jonghwan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CB0FEFA340E379B4751BF49F02D87D59" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA266D39CECD98E37217217FFEE6CD1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7D26B7800783D716D47383D1DFCE7609">Han, Jeong Eun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4E65920F2B7AAFB9DD3DAB496622515A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9EE1E217DB902E5BEF028727DDD3F956">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="93E1F84CF79B863FFC1137552B7FAC81">Lee, Byoungyoon</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8DA958A118AA94B3421A16DC53232CB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FEB1FE91C35DB1BEAE90F257889E47F6">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1EF214FA436F2B9C50E0E140E1863FEE">
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<mods:date id="6F2F0496829D2074AA6E5FCCAE1D41AF">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D5598EDB261E49295BD196D075FF4A86">2016-02-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A228B608C75DBD5317D8EB6DBC5F200F">5</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5CF5BF1A503963DF302161181DC241AE" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7B5C43B5FFFD7A6FD940A6EC074AC4F0">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C26BF4D261C67091BA1FD99296D2A65C">14</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="391B4959C75A29FF049B562AAB56758C">http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.1.014</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4374AB12A9631A92F5E0A6DE3A0A9B38">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C5BC947BF53F8FAFA00347D79595C1FB" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2016.5.1.014</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3C2A71EF08AC869A15A6B10ABB5C56DF" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61DDA8F05C53BC5B0B1E047F98DF37AF" type="Zenodo-Dep">8120366</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D82F2C3F65FFF8FCF3F9D3FA9B055D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D82F2C3F65FFF8FCF3F9D3FA9B055D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D82F2C3F65FFF8FCF3F9D3FA9B055D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C36BCDB13F65FFFAFCF3F9D3FC72003F" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F65FFFAFCF3F9D3FC72003F" blockId="0.[824,1428,1540,1565]" lastBlockId="0.[824,1397,1573,1661]" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D08629563F65FFFAFCF3F9D3FA22001F" bold="true" box="[824,1428,1540,1565]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F65FFFAFCF3F9D3FA22001F" bold="true" box="[824,1428,1540,1565]" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F65FFFAFC87F9D2FBE6001F" ID-CoL="5BSGJ" authority="(L.)" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[844,1104,1540,1565]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F65FFFAFC87F9D2FBA2001E" bold="true" box="[844,1044,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">Vulpia bromoides</emphasis>
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(L.)
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<emphasis id="B90542283F65FFFAFC98F9F3FC72003F" bold="true" box="[851,964,1573,1597]" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">124, 1821.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36BCDB13F65FFFAFCF3F993FAC3007F" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F65FFFAFCF3F993FAC3005F" blockId="0.[824,1397,1573,1661]" box="[824,1397,1605,1629]" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">
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Basionym:
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<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F65FFFAFC79F990FB2A005F" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[946,1180,1605,1629]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F65FFFAFC79F990FBCB005F" box="[946,1149,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">Festuca bromoides</emphasis>
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L.
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</taxonomicName>
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, Sp. Pl. 1: 75, 1753.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F65FFFAFCF3F9B0FAC3007F" blockId="0.[824,1397,1573,1661]" box="[824,1397,1637,1661]" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">Korean name: Deul-mug-sae-a-jae-bi (ṻệNjḓNjffi)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BCDB13F65FFF8FCF3F973FDC105C2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F65FFF8FCF3F973FF44059D" blockId="0.[824,1429,1701,1983]" lastBlockId="2.[159,764,261,1153]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="14">
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Annual. Culums solitary or loosely caespitose, growing
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F65FFFAFCF1F913FC2D00DF" box="[826,923,1733,1757]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="15.0">15-40cm</quantity>
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in height, erect to decumbent, slender and hairless, unbranched. Leaf sheaths encloses the stem partially at base, glabrous, closely held to the stem, without keel, margins entire. Leaf blades flat or slightly involute, linear or filiform, apex attenuate,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F65FFFAFAC8F890FAEA015C" box="[1283,1372,1862,1886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 cm</quantity>
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long and 0.5-2.0 mm wide, surface glabrous or sparsely pilose, margins scaberulous, abaxally glabrous or sparsely pubescent, ligules eciliate membranous,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F65FFFAFAD3F871FA2301BC" box="[1304,1429,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2-0.4 mm</quantity>
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long. Panicle exserted, open, or contracted, lanceolate or oblong, somewhat nodding,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FE1BFEF3FD9B073F" box="[464,557,293,317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="4.75" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-8 cm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FDBAFEF3FD0C073F" box="[625,698,293,317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 cm</quantity>
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wide, with 1 branch per node, branches appressed or ascending, angular, scaberulous. Spikelets solitary, pedicelled, comprising 5-10 florets, oblong, or cuneate, laterally compressed,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FEE7FE70FE3D07BF" box="[300,395,422,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 mm</quantity>
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long, not closely imbricated, disarticulating below each floret. Rhachilla internodes
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FD1AFE10FF4207FF" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5- 0.8 mm</quantity>
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, eventually visible between lemmas, scaberulous. Glumes persistent, similar, shorter than spikelet. Lower glume linear to lanceolate,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FDE7FDF0FD34043C" box="[556,642,550,574]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4-6 mm</quantity>
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long, 1/2- 4/5 length of upper glume, membranous, 1-veined, apex acute. Upper glume lanceolate,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FE3CFDB0FDFE047C" box="[503,584,614,638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 mm</quantity>
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long, as long as adjacent lemma, membranous, 3-veined, mid vein scabrous distally, apex attenuate. Lemma lanceolate,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FD1CFD71FF7C04DC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
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long, chartaceous, 5-veined, scaberulous, apex acuminate, 1-awned, awn
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FE74FD31FD9704FD" box="[447,545,743,767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 mm</quantity>
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long. Palea as long as lemma,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FEDBFCD1FED5051D" box="[272,355,775,799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
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long, 2-veined, keels scaberulous, minutely bifid. Anthers 3,
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FE52FCF1FDA7053D" box="[409,529,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.3">0.3-1.2 mm</quantity>
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long. Caryopsis
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<quantity id="4C8933DF3F67FFF8FD0FFCF1FF7D055D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5-5 mm</quantity>
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, with adherent pericarp, glabrous. Hilum linear, as long as caryopsis. Flowering at May, and Fruiting at May to June.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0ECEB23F64FFFBFF70F861FACF01CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8120368" box="[187,1401,1975,1998]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" startId="1.[187,220,1975,1997]" targetBox="[331,1257,257,1943]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F64FFFBFF70F861FACF01CF" blockId="1.[187,1401,1975,1998]" box="[187,1401,1975,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F64FFFBFF70F861FF4101CE" bold="true" box="[187,247,1975,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F64FFFBFE48F861FD9501CE" box="[387,547,1975,1996]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F64FFFBFE48F861FD9501CE" box="[387,547,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="15">Vulpia bromoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Gray. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Ligule. D. Spikelet. E. Glumes. F. Lemma and Palea.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F67FFF8FF54FC7EFDC105C2" blockId="2.[159,764,261,1153]" box="[159,631,936,960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FF54FC7EFEBE05C2" bold="true" box="[159,264,936,960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Habitats.</emphasis>
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Disturbed areas near paved roads.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36BCDB13F67FFF8FF54FC1EFA9B055D" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F67FFF8FF54FC1EFE9F0202" blockId="2.[159,764,261,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FF54FC1EFE8705E2" bold="true" box="[159,305,968,992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W, SE and S Asia, Africa, Europe,
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<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FD67FC1EFF0A0202" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, America.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F67FFF8FF54FBDEFEF60283" blockId="2.[159,764,261,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FF54FBDEFE230222" bold="true" box="[159,405,1032,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1994673F67FFF8FE55FBDEFE7D0262" collectingDate="2014-05-17" collectionCode="J, H" county="Haksong-ri" location="Yeongam-gun" municipality="Yeongam-eup" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeonnam">
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<collectingCounty id="62AFE6B63F67FFF8FE55FBDEFDAF0222" box="[414,537,1032,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Haksong-ri</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BAA04403F67FFF8FDEEFBDFFD0B0223" box="[549,701,1033,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Yeongam-eup</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<location id="8EAEC8E13F67FFF8FD02FBDFFEA20243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D82F2C3F65FFF8FCF3F9D3FA9B055D:8EAEC8E13F67FFF8FD02FBDFFEA20243" county="Haksong-ri" municipality="Yeongam-eup" name="Yeongam-gun" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Jeonnam">Yeongam-gun</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B550D83F67FFF8FEE9FBFEFE0B0242" box="[290,445,1064,1088]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
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||
, N 34°78′75.04″ E 126°73′ 78091″,
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<date id="FFCFB8FA3F67FFF8FF31FB9FFE240263" box="[250,402,1097,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" value="2014-05-17">
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<collectingDate id="EF8B41123F67FFF8FF31FB9FFE240263" box="[250,402,1097,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" value="2014-05-17">17 May. 2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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<collectionCode id="ED6006FF3F67FFF8FE57FB9FFE1F0262" box="[412,425,1097,1120]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
|
||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6006FF3F67FFF8FE7EFB9FFE7D0262" box="[437,459,1097,1120]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1994673F67FFF8FE1DFB9EFD160262" box="[470,672,1096,1120]" collectionCode="Y, H" location="Cho" municipality="Kim" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeonnam">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAA04403F67FFF8FE1DFB9EFDB30262" box="[470,517,1096,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Kim</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EAEC8E13F67FFF8FDF1FB9EFDD00262" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D82F2C3F65FFF8FCF3F9D3FA9B055D:8EAEC8E13F67FFF8FDF1FB9EFDD00262" box="[570,614,1096,1120]" municipality="Kim" name="Cho" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Jeonnam">Cho</location>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6006FF3F67FFF8FDA6FB9FFD360262" box="[621,640,1097,1120]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6006FF3F67FFF8FD41FB9FFD160262" box="[650,672,1097,1120]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. 140775 (2 sheets, KB).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE9E3A3F67FFF8FF7EFB7FFA9B055D" blockId="2.[159,766,1193,1989]" lastBlockId="2.[824,1430,261,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FF7EFB7FFE3602C3" authority="C. C. Gmel." authorityName="C. C. Gmel." box="[181,384,1193,1217]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FF7EFB7FFF4C02C3" box="[181,250,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia</emphasis>
|
||
C.C. Gmel.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread genus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FD56FB7FFD4102C2" box="[669,759,1193,1216]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including 26 species, native to many countries around the world, especially to Mediterranean regions and western America. The genus is one of the most common weeds found in temperate regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FE10FAFFFDDD0340" author="Osada, T." box="[475,619,1321,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref4452" refString="Osada, T. 1989. Illustrated grasses of Japan. Heibonsha Ltd., Tokyo. (in Japanese). pp. 8 - 9." type="book chapter" year="1989">Osada, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FDB3FAFFFF6C0363" author="Chen, S. & Li, G. & Zhu, Z. & Wu, S. & Lu, L. & Liu, Z. & Wang, B. & Sun, Z. & Zhu, N. & Xia, L. & Jia, Z. & Guo, W. & Chen, X. & Chen, G. & Yang, S. M. & Phillips, C. & Stapleton, R. J. & Soreng, S. G. & Aiken, N. N. & Tzvelev, P. M. & Peterson, S. A. & Renvoize, M. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref3762" refString="Chen, S., D. Li, G. Zhu, Z. Wu, S. Lu, L. Liu, Z. Wang, B. Sun, Z. Zhu, N. Xia, L. Jia, Z. Guo, W. Chen, X. Chen, G. Yang, S. M. Phillips, C. Stapleton, R. J. Soreng, S. G. Aiken, N. N. Tzvelev, P. M. Peterson, S. A. Renvoize, M. V. Olonova and K. H. Ammann. 2006. Poaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. pp 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FD70FAFCFD430343" box="[699,757,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FF22FA9FFE3E0360" author="Lonard, R. I." box="[233,392,1353,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" pagination="448 - 454" refId="ref4245" refString="Lonard, R. I. 2007. Vulpia C. C. Gmel. In: Flora of North America Editiorial Committee (eds.), Flora of North America North of Mexico vol. 24. Oxford University Press, New York. pp. 448 - 454." type="journal article" year="2007">Lonard, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, many species of the genus were naturalized in many of the nations (Cotton and Stace, 1976). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FE2EFA5CFD9D03A0" box="[485,555,1418,1442]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FE2EFA5CFD9D03A0" box="[485,555,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered to be closely related to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FE3AFA7DFDF303C0" box="[497,581,1451,1474]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FE3AFA7DFDF303C0" box="[497,581,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Festuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by sharing common characters such as spikelets 3 to 10 flowered, long or short awned at the tip of lemma, and callus glabrous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FF63F9DCFE840020" author="Osada, T." box="[168,306,1546,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref4452" refString="Osada, T. 1989. Illustrated grasses of Japan. Heibonsha Ltd., Tokyo. (in Japanese). pp. 8 - 9." type="book chapter" year="1989">Osada, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the former genus can be distinguished mainly by the annual habit from the latter one, and described as an independent genus in several flora and maunuscripts (Cotton and Stace, 1976;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FD49F9BDFF6100A1" author="Mabberley, D. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refId="ref4369" refString="Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 751 pp." type="book" year="1997">Mabberley, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FF28F95DFE6400A1" author="Lu, S." box="[227,466,1675,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refId="ref4297" refString="Lu, S. and S. M. Phillips. 2006. Vulpia C. C. Gmelin. In: Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. 242 pp." type="book" year="2006">Lu and Phillips, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FDC8F95DFDF100A0" box="[515,583,1675,1698]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2 species of the genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FF20F97AFEE200C1" box="[235,340,1708,1731]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FF20F97AFEE200C1" box="[235,340,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FE47F97AFDBA00C1" box="[396,524,1707,1731]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FE47F97AFDBA00C1" box="[396,524,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. megalura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are known to be distributed, but both of them were arranged inside the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FF54F93AFF430101" box="[159,245,1772,1795]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FF54F93AFF430101" box="[159,245,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Festuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FEF9F93DFECF0101" box="[306,377,1771,1795]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FEF9F93DFECF0101" box="[306,377,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FE4CF93DFE4D0101" author="Lee, Y. N." box="[391,507,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" pagination="1182 - 1264" refId="ref4178" refString="Lee, Y. N. 2007. Poaceae Barnhart. In: Flora of Korea Edito- rial Committee (eds.), The genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Academy Publishing Co., Seoul. pp. 1182 - 1264." type="book chapter" year="2007">Lee, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FDC2F93AFE9D0126" author="Korea National Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refId="ref4064" refString="Korea National Arboretum. 2011. Illustrated grasses of Korea. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon (in Korean)." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FDC2F93AFDFD0101" box="[521,587,1772,1795]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Arboretum, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE0E3CB3F67FFF8FEF1F8DAFE400126" author="Lee, B. Y. & Nam, J. Y. & Lee, C. H. & Park, C. E. & Lim, M. H. & Kim, S. J. & Lee, T. K. & Roh, J. A. & Lim, J. E." box="[314,502,1803,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refId="ref4085" refString="Lee, B. Y., G. H. Nam, J. Y. Lee, C. H. Park, C. E. Lim, M. H. Kim, S. J. Lee, T. K. Roh, J. A. Lim, J. E. Han and J. H. Kim. 2011. National List of Species of Korea (Vascu- lar Plants). National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon (in Korean)." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FEA6F8DAFE1F0121" box="[365,425,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For convenience, the arrangement of these two taxa into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FDE5F8FDFDC20141" box="[558,628,1835,1859]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FDE5F8FDFDC20141" box="[558,628,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be followed in this paper. In addition to these species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FD73F89AFEA40186" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FD73F89AFEA40186" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia bromoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Gray was collected at wastelands near paved roads at Yeongam-gun,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B550D83F67FFF8FE3DF85AFD3801A6" box="[502,654,1932,1956]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Mediterranean region was known as the area of the greatest genetic diversity of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FBA4FED3FB03071F" box="[1135,1205,261,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FBA4FED3FB03071F" box="[1135,1205,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but several species of the genus are distributed throughout the most of Europe. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FC79FE90FB8B075F" box="[946,1085,325,349]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FC79FE90FB8B075F" box="[946,1085,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. bromoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FBB8FE90FB6A075F" box="[1139,1244,326,349]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FBB8FE90FB6A075F" box="[1139,1244,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
native to Europe were introduced accidently to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FB59FEB0FB63077F" box="[1170,1237,358,381]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FADBFEB0FAF9077F" box="[1296,1359,358,381]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FCF3FE50FC0C079F" box="[824,954,389,413]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FCF3FE50FC0C079F" box="[824,954,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. megalura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was naturalized in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FB59FE50FB60079F" box="[1170,1238,390,413]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, escaped from its origin, North America. These two European taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FA9BFE70FC1C07DC" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FA9BFE70FC1C07DC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia bromoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FC28FE10FBF907DF" box="[995,1103,454,477]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myuros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FC28FE10FBF907DF" box="[995,1103,454,477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. myuros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, resemble to each other with the morphological differences as follows. The length of lower glumes of the former one is more than 1/2 of upper glumes, whereas lower glumes of the latter are much shorter, less than the half of the upper glumes in their length. The branch of inflorescence is only one in the former, not 2 as in the latter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FB4AFD51FAB9049C" box="[1153,1295,646,670]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bromoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FB4AFD51FAB9049C" box="[1153,1295,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">V. bromoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is observed about 10 individuals in wastelands near paved roads. Morphological similarities between these two species lead lots of misidentification of herbarium specimens, and thus more careful examination of specimens of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C71E5B93F67FFF8FCB6FCF1FC74053D" box="[893,962,807,831]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Vulpia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90542283F67FFF8FCB6FCF1FC74053D" box="[893,962,807,831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Vulpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F366DEAA3F67FFF8FB80FCFEFB3A053D" box="[1099,1164,808,831]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="16">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
will be helpful in understanding exact distribution of the alien species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |