293 lines
30 KiB
XML
293 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="7DDFF8B985BA4C466B8CBA449EA5C812" ID-CLB-Dataset="24132" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2018.1554166" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd9add32-702b-495c-9ed7-7ed98fb4c591" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654165" ID-ZooBank="FA2EDE40-93E0-43B7-9ACF-ECCE12B0E671" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581079052408" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Morozov, Grigori, Sabirov, Rushan & Zimina, Olga" docDate="2019" docId="03A287D2FC6541509B9BF98A36AF34C4" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.52.47–48.2961–2992.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 52 (47)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Artemisina lundbecki Morozov & Sabirov & Zimina 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="2992" masterDocId="FF9BFFAAFC6C415C9A7AFFC33570355D" masterDocTitle="Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation" masterLastPageNumber="2992" masterPageNumber="2961" pageNumber="2961" updateTime="1698780954505" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="375CC6B8D5D6D7C27C1821A3FF0158EE">
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<mods:title id="BC908F491F243744105CF83F6C23851B">Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BCDE0AD50C1BB6D03333046AF89ED11E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8B98522AA8CC726592BCAAD2FFD26E0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="727875EA8DBD479FD398FB178C89D7B4">Morozov, Grigori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7AEFDCBF8A45DB26AD9133F3BFA6EE8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="94ED07F4BF2C3BD01A3D8E30F4DE4F07">Sabirov, Rushan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="36DED33F483B575F86CEBDBBC52ABD25" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="55F005D84EC68CF3B25758DB8C2642C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1AFA74E28D94205823B71DCA6F2A3CCE">Zimina, Olga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9A1383DFF03D4029303CF4F0657243BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6224AC221FF0B559BAFC8439C9437DC1">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="86962D85ECD29E62221E805AFAE005C0">
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<mods:date id="AB10F902DA82FC0D867F7336C2C7F40C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79047CA38743157550C0509BDA8F6C99">2019-01-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="16CDADA9AB0F5C25C63ACD6F887A0DA7">52</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BEE3E56F38BB75B4BAB34E8A36D27E13">47</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="674761246455C4F5ED2A8EEEFB58F371" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2018.1554166</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A287D2FC6541509B9BF98A36AF34C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664851" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162054459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287D2FC6541509B9BF98A36AF34C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287D2FC6541509B9BF98A36AF34C4" lastPageId="12" pageId="9">
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<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6541559B9BF98A3633333F" box="[481,835,1609,1634]" pageId="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6541559B9BF98A3633333F" blockId="9.[433,882,1540,1669]" box="[481,835,1609,1634]" pageId="9">
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<heading id="D0FC81A8FC6541559B9BF98A3633333F" box="[481,835,1609,1634]" pageId="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6541559B9BF98A3796333F" ID-CoL="85M5L" authority="Morozov & Sabirov & Zimina, 2019" authorityName="Morozov & Sabirov & Zimina" authorityYear="2019" box="[481,742,1609,1634]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Artemisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lundbecki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6541559B9BF98A3796333F" bold="true" box="[481,742,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="9">Artemisina lundbecki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57ADFC654155989CF98A3633333F" box="[742,835,1609,1634]" pageId="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6541559841F9AF379833D8" box="[571,744,1644,1669]" pageId="9" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6541559841F9AF379833D8" blockId="9.[433,882,1540,1669]" box="[571,744,1644,1669]" pageId="9">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13302A41FC654155983BF9AF37D533D8" box="[577,677,1644,1669]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1291,1314]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1260]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,142,1260]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Artemisina lundbecki sp. nov.: (a–d) scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of spicules; (a) choanosomal style; (a1) basal end of choanosomal style; (b) dermal style; (b1) basal end of dermal style; (c) fully developed toxa; (d) palmate isochela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654191/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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(a
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC65415598C0F9AF37B833D8" box="[698,712,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9">–</emphasis>
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d))
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF74664CFC6641569ADAFAC837D83000" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654191" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654191/files/figure.png" pageId="10" startId="10.[160,225,1291,1314]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1260]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6641569ADAFAC837D83000" blockId="10.[160,1157,1291,1373]" pageId="10">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569ADAFAC8358A307F" bold="true" box="[160,250,1291,1314]" pageId="10">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6641569B78FAC834BA307F" authority="Morozov & Sabirov & Zimina, 2019" authorityName="Morozov & Sabirov & Zimina" authorityYear="2019" box="[258,458,1291,1314]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Artemisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lundbecki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569B78FAC834BA307F" box="[258,458,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="10">Artemisina lundbecki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57ADFC6641569BAAFAC8376F307F" box="[464,543,1291,1314]" pageId="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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: (a–d) scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of spicules; (a) choanosomal style; (a1) basal end of choanosomal style; (b) dermal style; (b1) basal end of dermal style; (c) fully developed toxa; (d) palmate isochela.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6641569ADAFA5437E8308F" pageId="10" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6641569ADAFA5437E8308F" blockId="10.[160,1155,1431,1490]" pageId="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11EAFC6641569ADAFA5437E8308F" pageId="10">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10D5FC6641569ADAFA5436EC30F2" box="[160,924,1431,1455]" pageId="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6641569ADAFA5437E330F2" ID-CoL="67SMP" authority=": Lundbeck 1905, p. 114" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="1905" box="[160,659,1431,1455]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Artemisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apollinis">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569ADAFA54340930F2" box="[160,377,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10">Artemisina apollinis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6641569BF0FA54374A30F2" author="Lundbeck W" box="[394,570,1431,1455]" pageId="10" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref13855" refString="Lundbeck W. 1905. Porifera (Part II.) Desmacidonidae (pars.). In: Hagerup H, editor. The Danish ingolf-expedition (Vol. 6 (2 )). Copenhagen: BiancoLuno; p. 1 - 219." type="book chapter" year="1905">Lundbeck 1905</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 114
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC66415698E9FA5437D030F2" box="[659,672,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
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||
116, pl. XIII, figs 4a
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC66415699FAFA5436FD30F2" box="[896,909,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
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g
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10D5FC66415699D7FA543452308F" pageId="10">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC66415699D7FA54312E30F2" author="Hentschel E" box="[941,1118,1431,1455]" pageId="10" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref13228" refString="Hentschel E. 1929. Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer F, Schaudinn F, Brauer A, Arndt W, editors. Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Vol. 5 (4) pls XII - XIV. German. Jena: G. Fischer; p. 857 - 1042" type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel 1929</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 876, 939
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10D5FC6641569B55FA7937E8308F" box="[303,664,1466,1490]" pageId="10">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6641569B55FA7934C8308F" author="Koltun VM" box="[303,440,1466,1490]" pageId="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref13551" refString="Koltun VM. 1966. Citырikлucivыi gubki (iviрныk i daльнivo (tocныk мoрiй CCCР [Four rayed sponges (order Tetraxonida) of the Northern and Far-Eastern Seas of the USSR]. In: Bychowski BE, editor. Identifiers of the USSR fauna issued by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Vol. 90 Russian. Moscow - Leningrad: Nauka, Academy of Sciences of the USSR; p. 1 - 112" type="book chapter" year="1966">Koltun 1966</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 140
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569877FA79376A308F" box="[525,538,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
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141, fig. 97
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6641569ADAF9D036F533EA" pageId="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6641569ADAF9D034F03370" blockId="10.[160,1155,1555,1719]" box="[160,384,1555,1581]" pageId="10">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569ADAF9D034F03370" bold="true" box="[160,384,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6641569ADAF9F4346133C9" blockId="10.[160,1155,1555,1719]" pageId="10">
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<materialsCitation id="3B633C99FC6641569ADAF9F4346133C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564256075" latitude="78.05" location="Laptev Sea" longLatPrecision="567" longitude="133.41" pageId="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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The
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569AABF9F4345F3312" box="[209,303,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10">
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<typeStatus id="54B08866FC6641569AABF9F4345F3312" box="[209,303,1591,1615]" pageId="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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was collected at the north-eastern part of the
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<location id="8ED4601FFC6641569939F9F436CD3312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287D2FC6541509B9BF98A36AF34C4:8ED4601FFC6641569939F9F436CD3312" box="[835,957,1591,1615]" latitude="78.05" longLatPrecision="567" longitude="133.41" name="Laptev Sea" pageId="10">Laptev Sea</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5003FC66415699B6F9F431563312" box="[972,1062,1591,1615]" degrees="77.76" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" precision="555" value="77.76">77.76°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5003FC6641569E4BF9F435C0332F" degrees="131.86" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" precision="555" value="131.86">131.86° E</geoCoordinate>
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); deposited in the
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<location id="8ED4601FFC6641569BCBF9993619332F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287D2FC6541509B9BF98A36AF34C4:8ED4601FFC6641569BCBF9993619332F" box="[433,873,1626,1650]" latitude="78.05" longLatPrecision="567" longitude="133.41" name="Edward Eversman Zoology Museum" pageId="10">Edward Eversman Zoology Museum</location>
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(identification number 2.2.8.442).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6641569ABAF95C36F533EA" blockId="10.[160,1155,1555,1719]" box="[192,901,1695,1719]" pageId="10">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B633C99FC6641569ABAF95C36F133EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564256078" box="[192,897,1695,1719]" latitude="78.05" longLatPrecision="567" longitude="133.41" pageId="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6641569ABAF95C345033EA" box="[192,288,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="10">
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||
<typeStatus id="54B08866FC6641569ABAF95C345033EA" box="[192,288,1695,1719]" pageId="10" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
locality same as holotype locality (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5003FC66415698CBF95C367C33EA" box="[689,780,1695,1719]" degrees="78.05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" precision="555" value="78.05">78.05°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5003FC664156996DF95C360B33EA" box="[791,891,1695,1719]" degrees="133.41" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" precision="555" value="133.41">133.41°E</geoCoordinate>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6741579ADAFF4E36B237A9" pageId="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFF4E345635FA" blockId="11.[160,1156,141,340]" box="[160,294,141,167]" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ADAFF4E345635FA" bold="true" box="[160,294,141,167]" italics="true" pageId="11">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFF7131F43409" blockId="11.[160,1156,141,340]" pageId="11">
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Sponge of cup- or fan-like shape, up to
|
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<quantity id="4CF39B21FC6741579816FF7137C83597" box="[620,696,178,202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
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in height. Surface coarse-pored, slightly setose. Circular oscules about
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<quantity id="4CF39B21FC6741579B82FF17374A35B1" box="[504,570,212,236]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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in diameter scattered over the surface. The dermal membrane is a thin, translucent film. The consistency is soft, loose and quite fragile. Both examined specimens possess gemmules of roundish and slightly flattened shape (up to
|
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<quantity id="4CF39B21FC6741579ADAFEFF35843409" box="[160,244,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="650.0">650 µm</quantity>
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in diameter), distributed throughout the interior. Colour from light to dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFE43347534C7" blockId="11.[160,1155,384,514]" box="[160,261,384,410]" pageId="11">
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ADAFE43347534C7" bold="true" box="[160,261,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="11">Skeleton</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFE67342D375F" blockId="11.[160,1155,384,514]" pageId="11">The main skeleton consists of multispicular, longitudinal tracts and disorderly scattered single spicules. The dermal skeleton is composed of a layer of small styles, lying more or less tangentially.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFDEE358F371A" blockId="11.[160,1156,557,756]" box="[160,255,557,583]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ADAFDEE358F371A" bold="true" box="[160,255,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11">Spicules</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFD9136B237A9" blockId="11.[160,1156,557,756]" pageId="11">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A41FC6741579ADDFD9134763737" box="[167,262,594,618]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1291,1314]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1260]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,142,1260]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Artemisina lundbecki sp. nov.: (a–d) scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of spicules; (a) choanosomal style; (a1) basal end of choanosomal style; (b) dermal style; (b1) basal end of dermal style; (c) fully developed toxa; (d) palmate isochela." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654191/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579B60FD9134573737" box="[282,295,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
d)). Large choanosomal styles, slightly curved and spined at the basal end, dimensions: 548.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579B16FDB7340937D1" box="[364,377,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
658.8
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579BCFFDB734B237D1" box="[437,450,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
782.9 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC674157986AFDB7376E37D1" box="[528,542,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20) × 12
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC67415798D8FDB737DF37D1" box="[674,687,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC67415798A4FDB7379B37D1" box="[734,747,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
20 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579962FDB7365637D1" box="[792,806,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) µm; small dermal styles straight, roughly spined at the basal end, dimensions: 310
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579949FD54363037F2" box="[819,832,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
434.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579906FD5436F937F2" box="[892,905,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
487.2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC67415799ACFD54369437F2" box="[982,996,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) × 5.15
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579E0CFD5431F337F2" box="[1142,1155,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
7.4
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ABBFD7935BE378F" box="[193,206,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
8.7 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579A85FD79347D378F" box="[255,269,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) µm; toxa (fully developed) with spined ends: 279
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC67415799F2FD7936E5378F" box="[904,917,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
409
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC67415799C5FD7936BC378F" box="[959,972,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
498.6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579E63FD793157378F" box="[1049,1063,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) × 3.8
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ABBFD1F35BE37A9" box="[193,206,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
5
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579AA6FD1F359937A9" box="[220,233,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.7 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579B61FD1F345937A9" box="[283,297,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) µm; palmate isochelae: 12.7
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC67415798C9FD1F37B037A9" box="[691,704,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
14.7
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579895FD1F378C37A9" box="[751,764,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579941FD1F363937A9" box="[827,841,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6741579ADAFCE3347836FF" pageId="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFCE3346D3667" blockId="11.[160,1156,800,930]" box="[160,285,800,826]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ADAFCE3346D3667" bold="true" box="[160,285,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="11">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFC86347836FF" blockId="11.[160,1156,800,930]" pageId="11">The species is named in honour of William Lundbeck, a Danish zoologist, whose brilliant monographs on sponges have remained a model of systematic description to be followed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311654FFC6741509ADAFC0E36AF34C4" lastPageId="12" pageId="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFC0E347636BA" blockId="11.[160,1156,973,1727]" box="[160,262,973,999]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579ADAFC0E347636BA" bold="true" box="[160,262,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="11">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ADAFC313168301F" blockId="11.[160,1156,973,1727]" pageId="11">
|
||
The term
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579B6BFC3134663157" box="[273,278,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="11">‘</emphasis>
|
||
bipolar
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579B1FFC31341B3157" box="[357,363,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="11">’</emphasis>
|
||
usually refers to a species found in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, with a gap in distribution at lower latitudes (i.e. in temperate and tropical waters). Numerous hypotheses for this distribution have been proposed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6741579E42FBF435A7312F" author="Ekman S" pageId="11" refId="ref12710" refString="Ekman S. 1953. Zoogeography of the sea. London: Sidgwick & Jackson." type="book" year="1953">Ekman 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6741579B77FB9934ED312F" author="Bergh LS" box="[269,413,1114,1138]" pageId="11" pagination="273 - 302" refId="ref11870" refString="Bergh LS. 1920. Bipoлiрнoi рa (pрo (tрaнiнii oрgaнizмov i лidнikovai epoka [Bipolar distribution of the organisms and a glacial epoch]. Pro Acad Sci USSR. VI (14): 273 - 302. Russian." type="journal article" year="1920">Bergh (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out (referring to the work of Charles Darwin), the general cooling of equatorial waters and extension of cold/temperate regions during glaciation resulted in some cold-water species becoming capable of crossing the equatorial belt and penetrating farther into the Southern Hemisphere. With the onset of gradual warming, some populations that inhabited temperate and tropical waters retreated to higher latitudes or became extinct. As a result, a bipolar distribution was established and the Northern and Southern Hemisphere species populations became isolated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741579ABAFA8E36693090" blockId="11.[160,1156,973,1727]" pageId="11">
|
||
Recent studies support this point of view. Using molecular methods,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC67415799BDFA8E31F43038" author="Halvorsen KAT" box="[967,1156,1357,1381]" pageId="11" refId="ref13125" refString="Halvorsen KAT 2010. Time since divergence between the blue whiting sister species Micromesistius poutassou and M. australis (Master ' s thesis). Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology." type="book" year="2010">Halvorsen (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated two closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6741579860FAAC37C930DA" authorityName="T.N.Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[538,697,1391,1415]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Micromesistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579860FAAC37C930DA" box="[538,697,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="11">Micromesistius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pisces:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6741579964FAAC360D30DA" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[798,893,1391,1415]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gadidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) species with an
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579E31FAAC312030DA" box="[1099,1104,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="11">‘</emphasis>
|
||
antitropical
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579A8FFA51358B30F7" box="[245,251,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="11">’</emphasis>
|
||
distribution, and found that the time divergence between them was about 2 million years, roughly coinciding with climatic changes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C4FC6741509ABAFA1436AF34C4" blockId="11.[160,1156,973,1727]" lastBlockId="12.[160,1156,142,409]" lastPageId="12" pageId="11">
|
||
In view of the above, it becomes evident that we should delimit the Antarctic and Arctic representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6741579BBAFA3936CF334F" authority="(Ridley and Dendy 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[448,959,1530,1554]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Artemisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apollinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579BBAFA3937E8334F" box="[448,664,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="11">Artemisina apollinis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC67415798D2FA3936C7334F" author="Ridley SO & Dendy A" box="[680,951,1530,1554]" pageId="11" refId="ref14432" refString="Ridley SO, Dendy A. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 18: 325 - 351,470 - 493." type="book" year="1886">Ridley and Dendy 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate species. Initially described by Ridley and Dendy from the vicinity of the Kerguelen Islands, this species has repeatedly been recorded in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6741579ADAF9A1342D3327" author="Lundbeck W" box="[160,349,1634,1658]" pageId="11" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref13855" refString="Lundbeck W. 1905. Porifera (Part II.) Desmacidonidae (pars.). In: Hagerup H, editor. The Danish ingolf-expedition (Vol. 6 (2 )). Copenhagen: BiancoLuno; p. 1 - 219." type="book chapter" year="1905">Lundbeck (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6741579B13F9A137563327" author="Hentschel E" box="[361,550,1634,1658]" pageId="11" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref13228" refString="Hentschel E. 1929. Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer F, Schaudinn F, Brauer A, Arndt W, editors. Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Vol. 5 (4) pls XII - XIV. German. Jena: G. Fischer; p. 857 - 1042" type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Koltun (1955) described a close species from the Arctic waters and synonymised it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D47FC6741579813F946379233C0" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[617,738,1669,1693]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Artemisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apollinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6741579813F946379233C0" box="[617,738,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11">A. apollinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
despite some morphological differences between them. The main differences are in the morphology of choanosomal styles, which in Arctic species show slight spination at the basal end of spicules and are characterised by their greater length in general:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B21FC60415098BFFF7236213594" box="[709,849,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="3.26" pageId="12" unit="mm" value="498.0" valueMax="670.0" valueMin="326.0">
|
||
326
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6041509894FF72378B3594" box="[750,763,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
670 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Antarctic species) vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B21FC6041509E37FF72358835B1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.709999999999999" metricValueMax="8.42" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="12" unit="mm" value="671.0" valueMax="842.0" valueMin="500.0">
|
||
500
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD6FC6041509E0CFF7231F33594" box="[1142,1155,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
842 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Arctic species).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6041509BC7FF17370C35B1" author="Lundbeck W" box="[445,636,212,236]" pageId="12" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref13855" refString="Lundbeck W. 1905. Porifera (Part II.) Desmacidonidae (pars.). In: Hagerup H, editor. The Danish ingolf-expedition (Vol. 6 (2 )). Copenhagen: BiancoLuno; p. 1 - 219." type="book chapter" year="1905">Lundbeck (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08866FC6041509957FF1736E435B1" box="[813,916,212,236]" pageId="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and insisted on the presence of slight spination on the choanosomal styles; this statement needs to be verified since none of the other authors ever mentioned it in the Antarctic specimens. Also, Lundbeck did not attach any importance to the differences in size of the spicules. However, the studies of past decades have proved the significance of a morphometric approach in the analysis of sponge spiculation (see e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B35FC6041509958FE4236A234C4" author="Sara M & Bavestrello G & Mensi P" box="[802,978,385,409]" pageId="12" pagination="211 - 216" refId="ref14471" refString="Sara M, Bavestrello G, Mensi P. 1992. Redescription of Tethya norvegica Bowerbank (Porifera, Demospongiae), with remarks on the genus Tethya in the North East Atlantic. Zool Scr. 21: 211 - 216." type="journal article" year="1992">Sara et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |