treatments-xml/data/03/89/87/038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

283 lines
25 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96fd1ba3-d7b3-402d-a5a4-7e4df747ed2e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784089" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657260" checkinTime="1617214787661" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wilson, G. G." docDate="1998" docId="038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.50.1.55-83.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 50 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/wilson-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-5583/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316.1:RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleId="CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lethrinus harak" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFB0FFA2FF928346835CFFCBFFCF6F76" masterDocTitle="A description of the early juvenile colour patterns of eleven Lethrinus species (Pisces: Lethrinidae) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1632023523603" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A description of the early juvenile colour patterns of eleven Lethrinus species (Pisces: Lethrinidae) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wilson, G. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>1998</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>1998-05-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>50</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>55</mods:start>
<mods:end>83</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/wilson-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-5583/</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1274</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">96fd1ba3-d7b3-402d-a5a4-7e4df747ed2e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4652850</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657260" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="16.[1518,2008,1078,1118]" box="[1518,2008,1078,1118]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
<heading box="[1518,2008,1078,1118]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="(Forsskal)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1518,2008,1078,1118]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harak">
<emphasis box="[1518,1816,1078,1118]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Lethrinus harak</emphasis>
(Forsskal)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[1649,1878,1185,1224]" box="[1649,1878,1185,1224]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">PI. 1H, 2A,B</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="16.[1274,2256,1290,1788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
Material examined. (
<specimenCount box="[1714,1985,1290,1328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" type="generic">38 specimens</specimenCount>
:
<quantity box="[2023,2235,1290,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="19.0">19-96 mm</quantity>
).
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3066478309" collectionCode="AMS, USNM" country="Australia" location="Cocos-Keeling Islands" municipality="Great Barrier Reef region" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="AMS 1.33529, 002, AMS 1.20773, 026, AMS 1.34911, 005, AMS 1.34912, 004, AMS 1.34920, 001, USNM 336682, USNM 336683" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[1274,1476,1336,1375]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3:8EFF6017FF8283568684FAF3F8A06A29" box="[1496,1903,1336,1375]" country="Australia" municipality="Great Barrier Reef region" name="Cocos-Keeling Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Cocos-Keeling Islands</location>
,
<specimenCode box="[1929,2179,1336,1375]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.33529</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[2190,2255,1336,1375]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">002</specimenCode>
(1:
<quantity box="[1310,1446,1382,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="73.0">73 mm</quantity>
);
<collectingMunicipality box="[1482,1924,1382,1421]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Great Barrier Reef region</collectingMunicipality>
,
<specimenCode box="[1945,2183,1382,1421]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.20773</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[2193,2255,1382,1421]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">026</specimenCode>
(2:
<quantity box="[1318,1515,1428,1466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="94.5" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="93.0">93-96 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode box="[1551,1794,1428,1466]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.34911</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[1805,1868,1428,1466]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">005</specimenCode>
(5:
<quantity box="[1929,2130,1428,1466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="24.0">24-56 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.34912</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[1421,1485,1474,1512]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">004</specimenCode>
(1:
<quantity box="[1543,1683,1474,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode box="[1718,1964,1474,1512]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.34912</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[1974,2036,1474,1512]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">005</specimenCode>
(1:
<quantity box="[2094,2236,1474,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode box="[1274,1519,1519,1558]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.34920</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[1530,1590,1519,1558]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">001</specimenCode>
(1:
<quantity box="[1649,1792,1519,1558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode box="[1827,2072,1519,1558]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS 1.34920</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode box="[2082,2146,1519,1558]" collectionCode="AMS" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">002</specimenCode>
(1:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode box="[1371,1623,1565,1604]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">USNM 336682</specimenCode>
(3:
<quantity box="[1672,1859,1565,1604]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="23.0">23-34 mm</quantity>
),
<specimenCode box="[1887,2137,1565,1604]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">USNM 336683</specimenCode>
(2:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19- 21 mm</quantity>
), not retained (9:
<quantity box="[1682,1872,1612,1650]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="67.0" valueMin="25.0">25-67 mm</quantity>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3066478318" collectionCode="AMS" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Trobriand Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[1904,2255,1612,1650]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">PAPUA NEW GUINEA</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3:8EFF6017FF82835687A6F9B2F9EC69D6" box="[1274,1571,1657,1696]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Trobriand Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Trobriand Islands</location>
,
<collectionCode box="[1589,1677,1657,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS</collectionCode>
I.17102-048 (6:
<quantity box="[1949,2137,1657,1696]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="64.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="45.0">45-84 mm</quantity>
),
<collectionCode box="[2167,2254,1657,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS</collectionCode>
I.17075-003 (1:
<quantity box="[1528,1664,1703,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3066478324" collectionCode="AMS" country="Solomon Islands" location="Guada" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[1699,2021,1703,1742]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">SOLOMON ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987DAFF82835486B2FBFDFDF564D3:8EFF6017FF82835684AAF96CF7AB69B8" box="[2038,2148,1703,1742]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guada" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">Guada</location>
1canal,
<collectionCode box="[1274,1361,1750,1788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">AMS</collectionCode>
I.17482-020 (5:
<quantity box="[1640,1835,1750,1788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="76.0" valueMin="62.0">62-76 mm</quantity>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[1273,2255,1855,2078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
Diagnosis. Body moderately deep, depth
<quantity box="[2005,2178,1855,1893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366000000000001" metricValueMax="7.8740000000000006" metricValueMin="6.8580000000000005" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="in" value="2.9" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.7">2.7-3.1 in</quantity>
SL; 5.5 dorsal scale rows, 14-15 ventral scale rows; maxillary serrations 1-3 at
<quantity box="[1561,1742,1946,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22-25 mm</quantity>
, absent at greater than
<quantity box="[2129,2248,1946,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
; cheek scales retained until
<quantity box="[1815,1952,1993,2032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
; dorsal spine 5 (occasionally 4) the longest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[1272,2256,2143,2504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
Diagnostic colour notes. Dorsum olive to off-whitetan, silvery blue interspaces prominent at
<quantity box="[2066,2255,2190,2228]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18-22 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode box="[1286,1326,2235,2274]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">PI</collectionCode>
. 1H); dark horizontal blotch below dorsal spines 8- 10, inconspicuous at
<quantity box="[1664,1854,2281,2320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18-22 mm</quantity>
, seldom switched off; shoulder blotch square, usually inconspicuous; dark midlateral stripe moderately-intense, seldom obscuring horizontal blotch, width approximately 4.0 in body depth; fins mostly hyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[1271,2259,2571,3161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">
Colour notes. A relatively distinctive species, capable of rapid colour changes within 1-3 seconds. At
<quantity box="[2076,2256,2617,2655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18-22 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode box="[1285,1323,2662,2701]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">PI</collectionCode>
. 1G): dorsum and nape yellowish olive, series of diffuse black markings (3 bands followed by 3 blotches) above lateral-line, 2-3 exceedingly-faint black bands along caudal peduncle, 3-4 yellowish olive blotches along lower lateral-line margin, interspaces silvery blue, rectangular blotch below dorsal spines 8-10 beginning to form characteristic
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1688,1846,2937,2977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harak">
<emphasis box="[1688,1846,2937,2977]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="71">L. harak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;thumb-print&quot; blotch, series of indistinct blotches of similar hue between pectoral and anal fins, belly silvery off-white; snout and lips dusky olive, cheek silvery off-white, without dark markings, eye often bisected by near-vertical black band
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4652877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4652877/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="72" startId="17.[118,158,1535,1552]" targetBox="[84,1155,213,1520]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[117,1112,1535,1636]" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">
Plate 2. A-䱴Ⅼ桲楬汬氬縠
<emphasis box="[299,346,1535,1552]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">/lowl.:.</emphasis>
55 mm SL. live (slress colour:uiun). Green Islaml.
<emphasis box="[756,914,1535,1552]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">B-I.etl/rill/ls IWl&quot;ai.:,</emphasis>
50 mm SL. 摣繤⸠ Green Isbnd.
<emphasis box="[176,342,1554,1574]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">C-L(!tltrillus ielltjllll,</emphasis>
SO nUll SL, live. Green Is1:lnd.
<emphasis box="[591,781,1554,1574]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">D-LerlJrimls lIt'im/o.m.l',</emphasis>
30 mm SL. dead, Kcn-Ting Nation,]l P~rk (T;liwan). fCproduced from Shao
<emphasis box="[378,417,1575,1595]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
(1992).
<emphasis box="[488,674,1575,1595]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">F.-Lethril1lIJ o/)snle/llS.</emphasis>
2S HUll SL. AMS L 349lJ-{)().+, live. Green Island. F­ U'I/trillllS
<emphasis box="[197,271,1596,1615]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">ob.m/ellls.</emphasis>
56 mm SL. live, Green Island.
<emphasis box="[523,709,1596,1615]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">G-UlhrillllS obm/ell/x.</emphasis>
27 Illlll SL. AMS 1.34913-005, dead. Green Island. Hⵌ氧䤢物氱汦.~
<emphasis box="[231,306,1616,1636]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="72">oll.w/ems,</emphasis>
approx. 250 mm SL, unde.rwalcr phofograph. Green Island.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="18.[226,1208,406,1274]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">in field; fins mostly hyaline, off-white with diffuse dark blotches over anterior half of spinous fins. After death, patterns retained though faded.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[226,1208,406,1274]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
At
<quantity box="[332,513,544,584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="23.0">23-80 mm</quantity>
(PI. 2A,B): body and head olive to greytan dorsally, belly off-white; dark banding and blotches more distinct, intensifying when stressed (PI. 2A), most fading after death (PI. 2B), rapidly switched on or off, &quot;thumb-print&quot; blotch distinct, cuboidal shoulder blotch below dorsal spines 4-5, rarely conspicuous, dark blotches between pectoral and anal fins now as series of 3-4 short bands, terminating mid-body; dark mid-lateral stripe often displayed in field, dark khaki, seldom fully obscuring &quot;thumb-print&quot; blotch, width approximately 4.0 in body depth; cheek silver to off-white, series of dark bands when stressed (PI. 2A), intermittent dark band through eye until
<quantity box="[228,350,1097,1137]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
; fins hyaline greyish yellow, margins often pink to pale scarlet in field. At greater than
<quantity box="[886,1011,1143,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
, dark midlateral stripe absent, banding faded or absent, &quot;thumbprint&quot; blotch distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[226,1206,1340,1517]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
Colour
<emphasis bold="true" box="[374,408,1340,1379]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">in</emphasis>
alcohol. Body and head pale off-white-tan, belly off-white; dark body and head markings dulled, &quot;thumb-print&quot; blotch often inconspicuous at less than
<quantity box="[227,355,1478,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
; fins hyaline, melanophore patterns retained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[223,1207,1584,2220]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
Ecology. Common, restricted to reef seagrass cover at less than
<quantity box="[416,549,1629,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
, without preference for particular seagrass species or canopy structures, larger juveniles also found over adjacent sand/coral rubble and sparse vegetative growth
<emphasis box="[558,983,1767,1806]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
(Halimeda,
<taxonomicName box="[770,965,1767,1806]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">Sargassum</taxonomicName>
);
</emphasis>
settlers
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16- 18 mm</quantity>
, mostly solitary, not appearing sile attached, rapidly seek cover within the seagrass canopy when disturbed; at greater than
<quantity box="[706,836,1905,1944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
, occasionally found with similarly-sized juveniles of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lacepede in Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[798,1206,1951,1990]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mullidae" genus="Parupeneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberinus">
<emphasis box="[798,1206,1951,1990]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">Parupeneus barberinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis box="[310,906,1997,2037]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[310,502,1997,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mullidae" genus="Parupeneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">P. indicus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Houttuyn" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[536,906,1997,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siganidae" genus="Siganus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscescens">Siganus fuscescens</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and congeners (particularly
<emphasis box="[455,673,2043,2082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seale" authorityYear="1910" box="[455,667,2043,2082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atkinsoni">L. atkinsoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[693,916,2043,2082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName box="[693,910,2043,2082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">L. obsoletus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[937,1204,2043,2082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName box="[937,1192,2043,2082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genivittatus">L. genivittatus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
in small loose schools, no aggressive interactions noted; observed resting on the substrate among seagrass shoots after dark, not fleeing when approached.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[222,1207,2285,2739]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
Field identification. Generally an easily identified species, distinguished at greater than
<quantity box="[872,990,2332,2371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
by presence of the dark &quot;thumb-print&quot; blotch and the absence of coloured primary stripes. If intense banding is displayed, then the horizontal blotch is always visible. At less than
<quantity box="[222,345,2516,2555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
(PI. IH), the series of khaki blotches below the lateral-line, pale blue interspaces, and lack of primary stripes and intense mid-lateral stripe is diagnostic of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harak">L. harak</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Small individuals often need to be followed for several minutes to confirm their identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[220,1204,2805,2981]" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">
Previous descriptions. The early juvenile stage of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harak">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="73">L. harak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been described previously.
<bibRefCitation author="Masuda &amp; Kobayashi" firstAuthor="Masuda" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" refId="ref22430" refString="Masuda, H., &amp; Y. Kobayashi, 1994. Grand Atlas of Fish Life Modes. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 465." type="book" year="1994">Masuda &amp; Kobayashi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
included a colour plate of a specimen
<quantity box="[220,344,2942,2981]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
total length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>