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<mods:title id="A01264BDEE370E8AAE458A61CB9C8A7F">Anopheles (Cellia) rampae n. sp., alias chromosomal form K of the Oriental Maculatus Group (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF340D9DFD542498" ID-CoL="89ZFS" authority="Harbach &amp; Somboon" authorityName="Harbach &amp; Somboon" box="[151,751,427,454]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF340D9DFEAD249B" bold="true" box="[151,278,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Anopheles</emphasis>
(
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) 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFEDC0D9DFE61249B" bold="true" box="[383,474,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">rampae</emphasis>
Harbach &amp; Somboon
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, 
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF340DC3FED42755" ID-CoL="89ZD3" box="[151,367,498,520]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF340DC3FED42755" box="[151,367,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Anopheles maculatus</emphasis>
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form K of 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFE400DC3FD602755" author="Baimai" box="[483,731,498,520]" page="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFE400DC3FD122755" author="Baimai" box="[483,681,498,520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Baimai, V., Kijchalao, U., Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1993) Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and Southeast Asia: II. Maculatus Group, Neocellia Series, subgenus Cellia. Mosquito Systematics, 25, 116 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">
Baimai 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFD910DC2FDE42755" box="[562,607,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 116
</treatmentCitation>
, 117, 119–121 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFCDE0DC3FC672755" box="[893,988,498,520]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; metaphase karyotype); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFB700DC3FA272755" author="Harbach" box="[1235,1436,498,520]" page="548" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFB700DC3FAD72755" author="Harbach" box="[1235,1388,498,520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2004) The classification of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95, 537 - 553." type="journal article" year="2004">Harbach, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 548
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(notes); 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFEB90E20FD96277A" author="Rattanarithikul" box="[282,557,529,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rattanarithikul, R., Harrison, B. A., Panthusiri, P. &amp; Coleman, R. E. (2005) Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand. I. Background; geographic distribution; lists of genera, subgenera, and species; and a key to the genera. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36 (Suppl. 1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rattanarithikul 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFE1B0E23FE5F277A" box="[440,484,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFDFD0E20FD06277A" box="[606,701,529,551]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; species list); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFCE90E23FBA2277A" author="Ma" box="[842,1049,529,551]" page="274" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFCE90E23FC5C277A" author="Ma" box="[842,999,529,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Ma, Y., Li, S. &amp; Xu, J. (2006) Molecular identification and phylogeny of the Maculatus group [sic] of Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondiral DNA sequences. Acta Tropica, 99, 272 - 280." type="journal article" year="2006">
Ma 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFCD10E23FC25277A" box="[882,926,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 274
</treatmentCitation>
, 275, 277, 278 (ITS2 rDNA, phylogenetic relationships); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFE350E01FD742718" author="Rattanarithikul" box="[406,719,560,582]" page="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFE350E01FD11271B" author="Rattanarithikul" box="[406,682,560,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rattanarithikul, R., Harrison, B. A., Harbach, R. E., Panthusiri, P. &amp; Coleman, R. E. (2006) Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand IV. Anopheles. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 37 (Suppl. 2), 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="2006">
Rattanarithikul 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFD970E00FDDA271B" box="[564,609,560,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
, 32, 45, 77, 125 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFCDC0E01FC65271B" box="[895,990,560,582]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; Ƥ L keys); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFBFF0E01FAFE2718" author="Walton" box="[1116,1349,560,582]" page="93" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFBFF0E01FA9A2718" author="Walton" box="[1116,1313,560,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFB090E00FB6C271B" box="[1194,1239,560,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
: 93
</treatmentCitation>
, 94, 96– 100 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFF5E0E7FFED22739" box="[253,361,590,612]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFED60E7FFE692739" box="[373,466,590,612]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFE7C0E7FFD832739" box="[479,568,590,612]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; ITS2 rDNA); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFD740E7FFC572739" author="Manguin" box="[727,1004,590,613]" page="496" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFD740E7FFC0C2739" author="Manguin" box="[727,951,590,613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Manguin, S., Garros, C., Dusfour, I., Harbach, R. E. &amp; Coosemans, M. (2008) Bionomics, taxonomy, and distribution of the major malaria vector taxa of Anopheles subgenus Cellia in Southeast Asia: An updated review. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 8, 489 - 503." type="journal article" year="2008">
Manguin 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFC9F0E61FCD12738" box="[828,874,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 496
</treatmentCitation>
, 497 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFB8D0E7FFB362739" box="[1070,1165,590,612]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; review); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AD71092FF9CA54FFB550E7FFE8627DF" author="Somboon" page="1317" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFB550E7FFF4627DF" author="Somboon" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Morgan, K. &amp; Walton, C. (2008) Crossing experiment of Anopheles maculatus form K and Anopheles willmori (James) (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research, 103, 1317 - 1322." type="journal article" year="2008">
Somboon 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFAC30E61FA2B2738" box="[1376,1424,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<date id="FFC81043FF9CA54FFEA90E5CFE8627DF" box="[266,317,621,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" value="1317" valueMax="1321">1317</date>
</treatmentCitation>
–1321 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFE2E0E5CFE5727DE" box="[397,492,621,643]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; crossmating); Thongwat, 2008 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFCE40E5CFC1D27DE" box="[839,934,621,643]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; genetics, morphology); Thongwat 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFABF0E5FFAF727DE" box="[1308,1356,621,643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2008: 194–201 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFE8E0EBAFE3727FC" box="[301,396,651,673]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; crossmating).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9CA54FFF340E9BFE0027A3" blockId="1.[151,1437,498,766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF340E9BFED4279D" ID-CoL="89ZD3" box="[151,367,682,704]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF340E9BFED4279D" box="[151,367,682,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Anopheles maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species K of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFE5F0E9BFD32279D" author="Baimai" box="[508,649,682,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Baimai, V. (1989) Speciation and species complexes of the Anopheles malaria vectors in Thailand, in: Proceeding of the Third Conference on Malaria Research, Thailand, 18 - 20 October 1989. Malaria Division, Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, pp. 146 - 162." type="book chapter" year="1989">Baimai, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 147, 152, 157, 159 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFCC20E9BFC7A279D" box="[865,961,682,704]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
); World Health Organization, 2007: 5, 49, 53– 55 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFF4E0EF8FEF72782" box="[237,332,713,735]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; review); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFE120EFBFDC72782" author="Morgan" box="[433,636,713,735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Morgan, K., O'Loughlin, S. M., Mun-Yik, F., Linton, Y. - M., Somboon, P., Min, S., Htun, P. T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. &amp; Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588 - 601." type="journal article" year="2009">
Morgan 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFDA40EFBFD892782" box="[519,562,713,735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 591, 292, 294–296, 298 (
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFC200EF8FC542782" box="[899,1007,713,735]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFC590EF8FBEC2782" box="[1018,1111,713,735]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9CA54FFBC30EF8FB022782" box="[1120,1209,713,735]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
; mtDNA, rDNA, phylogenetic relationships).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6508FF9CA54FFF340F1BFAE323F3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9CA54FFF340F1BFBB52003" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF340F1BFEAA261E" bold="true" box="[151,273,810,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFE7F0F1BFDEB261F" box="[476,592,810,834]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group are medium-sized mosquitoes that lack upper proepisternal setae, have speckled legs and hindtarsomere 5 entirely pale-scaled. Based on the studies of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFB270F7FFF5A26D7" author="Rattanarithikul" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1987) Formal recognition of the species of the Anopheles maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) occurring in Thailand, including the descriptions of two new species and a preliminary key to females. Mosquito Systematics (for 1986), 18, 246 - 278." type="journal article" year="1987">Rattanarithikul &amp; Green (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFEB80F43FDE126D7" box="[283,602,882,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rattanarithikul, R., Harrison, B. A., Harbach, R. E., Panthusiri, P. &amp; Coleman, R. E. (2006) Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand IV. Anopheles. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 37 (Suppl. 2), 1 - 128." type="journal article">
Rattanarithikul 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFE680F45FE4626D6" box="[459,509,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
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, the presence of pale scales on most or all of abdominal terga II–VII and vein R2 shorter than vein R2+3 distinguish the adult females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFC210FA7FBBC26F2" box="[898,1031,918,943]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFC210FA7FBBC26F2" box="[898,1031,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFB140FA7FA2F26F3" box="[1207,1428,918,942]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudowillmori">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFB140FA7FA2F26F3" box="[1207,1428,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. pseudowillmori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Despite overall similarity, clusters of dark scales on the posterolateral corners of abdominal terga II–VII and the presence of two dark spots on vein R2+3 of at least one wing (or the presector dark spot the same length on vein R as on the costa and subcosta if only one spot is present) readily distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFC740832FBE22146" box="[983,1113,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFC740832FBE22146" box="[983,1113,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females from 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFB5A0832FA2E2146" box="[1273,1429,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dravidicus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFB5A0832FA2E2146" box="[1273,1429,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An dravidicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF340817FE8C2163" box="[151,311,1062,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF340817FE8C2163" box="[151,311,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFECE0817FE422163" box="[365,505,1062,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willmori">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFECE0817FE422163" box="[365,505,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. willmori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFD2A0817FCB72162" box="[649,780,1062,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFD2A0817FCB72162" box="[649,780,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFB6F0817FAC22163" box="[1228,1401,1062,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notanandai">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFB6F0817FAC22163" box="[1228,1401,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. notanandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the median pale spot on veins M1, M2 and M3+4 more than twice as long as the dark spot on either side and the furcation of vein R2+3 within the proximal half of the preapical dark spot on vein R1. Females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFABA085FFA2021DA" box="[1305,1435,1134,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFABA085FFA2021DA" box="[1305,1435,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF6B08A2FE0321F6" box="[200,440,1171,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF6B08A2FE0321F6" box="[200,440,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. sawadwongporni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indistinguishable but their eggs are usually distinguished by the greater length and incomplete frill in the former species. Larvae of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFD570887FCD22193" box="[756,873,1206,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group normally have seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF9CA54FFB060887FB632193" box="[1189,1240,1206,1230]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">6-III</date>
with 20 or more branches. The length of the basal stem of seta 4-M is the only character that distinguishes larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFAB408EAFA2721AE" box="[1303,1436,1243,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFAB408EAFA2721AE" box="[1303,1436,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFE9D08CFFE5F204B" box="[318,484,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dravidicus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFE9D08CFFE5F204B" box="[318,484,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. dravidicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFE5608CFFD23204B" box="[501,664,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFE5608CFFD23204B" box="[501,664,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFD0908CFFC33204B" box="[682,904,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudowillmori">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFD0908CFFC33204B" box="[682,904,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. pseudowillmori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFC6608CFFBEF204B" box="[965,1108,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willmori">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFC6608CFFBEF204B" box="[965,1108,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. willmori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The stem of this seta is no longer than four times its width in 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFDBA0912FD212066" box="[537,666,1315,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFDBA0912FD212066" box="[537,666,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and five or more times its width in the latter four species. The larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF160977FE8C2002" box="[181,311,1350,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF160977FE8C2002" box="[181,311,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFEE50977FE482003" box="[326,499,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notanandai">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFEE50977FE482003" box="[326,499,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. notanandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFD8A0977FCAC2003" box="[553,791,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFD8A0977FCAC2003" box="[553,791,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. sawadwongporni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are indistinguishable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9CA54FFF66095BFB482362" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
The unique metaphase karyotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFDC7095AFD5320DE" box="[612,744,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFDC7095AFD5320DE" box="[612,744,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
readily distinguishes this species from the other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF6109BFFE8C20FB" box="[194,311,1422,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group: chromosome 
<date id="FFC81043FF9CA54FFD9709BEFDEB20F1" box="[564,592,1423,1452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">X2</date>
is metacentric, one arm is entirely heterochromatic whereas the opposite arm consists of a euchromatic portion and centromeric heterochromatin of approximately equal length; chromosome 
<date id="FFC81043FF9CA54FFF7B09EBFF4F20AB" box="[216,244,1498,1526]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">X3</date>
is submetacentric, the short arm consists of a euchromatic portion and a large block of centromeric heterochromatin similar to that of the 
<date id="FFC81043FF9CA54FFE550A30FDA82340" box="[502,531,1537,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">X2</date>
and the heterochromatic long arm is larger than that of the 
<date id="FFC81043FF9CA54FFB050A30FB792340" box="[1190,1218,1537,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">X2</date>
; chromosome Y1 is acrocentric or a small submetacentric and Y2 is very large and submetacentric (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFBA90A16FB5D2362" author="Baimai" box="[1034,1254,1575,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Baimai, V., Kijchalao, U., Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1993) Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and Southeast Asia: II. Maculatus Group, Neocellia Series, subgenus Cellia. Mosquito Systematics, 25, 116 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">
Baimai 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFBC70A19FB2F2362" box="[1124,1172,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9CA54FFF660A7FFAE323F3" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
Sequence data for the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA and the COII and ND5 genes of mitochondrial DNA distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFF5F0A43FE3923D7" box="[252,386,1650,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF5F0A43FE3923D7" box="[252,386,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFD490A40FCE423D4" box="[746,863,1649,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9CA54FFBBB0A43FF6023F3" authority="Rattanarithikul &amp; Green" authorityName="Rattanarithikul &amp; Green" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notanandai">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFBBB0A43FB7323D7" box="[1048,1224,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">An. notanandai</emphasis>
Rattanarithikul &amp; Green
</taxonomicName>
which has not been sequenced) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFDEE0AA7FD4623F3" author="Ma" box="[589,765,1686,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Ma, Y., Li, S. &amp; Xu, J. (2006) Molecular identification and phylogeny of the Maculatus group [sic] of Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondiral DNA sequences. Acta Tropica, 99, 272 - 280." type="journal article" year="2006">
Ma 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFDD80AA6FD1723F3" box="[635,684,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFCAB0AA7FC5B23F3" author="Walton" box="[776,992,1686,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFCFC0AA6FC2B23F3" box="[863,912,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9CA54FFC4F0AA6FB7723F3" author="Morgan" box="[1004,1228,1686,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Morgan, K., O'Loughlin, S. M., Mun-Yik, F., Linton, Y. - M., Somboon, P., Min, S., Htun, P. T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. &amp; Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588 - 601." type="journal article" year="2009">
Morgan 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFBE80AA6FBC723F3" box="[1099,1148,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; as form K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6508FF9CA54AFF660A8BFEF02362" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9CA54CFF660A8BFD002649" blockId="1.[151,1436,810,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,788]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFF660A8BFEA7238F" bold="true" box="[197,284,1722,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Female</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFE890A8BFEDC238F" box="[298,359,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Head</emphasis>
: Proboscis length 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9CA54FFD9B0A88FD65238C" box="[568,734,1721,1745]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.78" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.83" valueMax="1.88" valueMin="1.78">1.78–1.88 mm</quantity>
, 1.10–1.29 length of forefemur; maxillary palpus length 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9CA54FFAFE0A88FEBA23AB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.73" valueMax="1.83" valueMin="1.63">1.63– 1.83 mm</quantity>
, 0.88–0.97 length of proboscis; palpomeres 2 and 3 black-scaled except at apices, palpomere 3 infrequently with dorsomesal patch of pale scales, preapical black band 0.40–0.77 length of subapical white band and 0.32–0.56 length of apical white band; subapical white band 0.57–1.00 length of apical white band. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFB5A0B17FAF12263" box="[1273,1354,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Thorax</emphasis>
: Integument dark brown; central area of scutum with narrow white spatulate scales, scales on scutal fossa shorter and broader; scutellum with similar scales. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9CA54FFDF10B5EFD3122DB" box="[594,650,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Wing</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C6F40338FF9CA54FFD390B5FFD5522DB" box="[666,750,1902,1926]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,838,859]" captionText="TABLE 1. Wing characteristics of Anopheles rampae." pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Table 1</tableCitation>
): Preapical dark spot on costa 1.20–2.30 (mean 1.76) length of preapical pale spot; presector dark spot on vein R 0.71–1.15 (mean 0.91) length of corresponding dark spot on costa; vein R2 short, 1.09–1.77 length of vein R2+3; R2+3 with 2 dark spots on at least one wing (85.5%), distal spot near furcation rarely absent, the 2 spots occasionally joined to form a single large spot; vein R4+5 occasionally with median dark spot (on one wing in 8.1% of specimens; on 2 wings in 3.2% of specimens); vein M1 with median pale spot, 0.75–2.3 (mean 1.37) length of dark spot on either side; vein M2 with median pale spot, 0.62– 2.60 (mean 1.46) length of dark spot on either side; vein M3+4 with long median pale spot, 1.25–2.67 (mean 1.83) length of dark spot on either side; vein 1A with short to long median dark spot, 0.23–0.80 (mean 0.49) length of pale spot on either side, dark fringe spots usually present before apex of vein R1 and between apices of veins R2 and R3. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFF550D7CFE902439" box="[246,299,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Legs</emphasis>
: Anterior surface of forecoxa with patch of pale and dark scales at base; femora and tibiae with scattered pale spots and narrow pale patch and/or fringe at apex, ventral surface of forefemur with indefinite stripe of pale scales apically, mid- and hindfemora with indefinite stripe of pale scales ventrally at base; tarsi with pale bands and spots, foretarsomere 1 with 3–7 posterodorsal pale spots, foretarsomere 2 sometimes with a single pale spot in median dark band; midtarsomere 1 with 3–7 posterodorsal pale spots, midtarsomeres 1–3 with narrow pale spot dorsally at apex, midtarsomeres 2 and 3 without median pale spots, midtarsomeres 3 and 4 occasionally with posterodorsal pale spot at base; hindtarsomere 1 with 6–10 posterodorsal pale spots, hindtarsomere 2 sometimes with pale spot in median dark band. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFDF20E79FD01273D" box="[593,698,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Integument dark brown, covered with dark setae; terga II-IV sparsely or densely covered with pale spatulate scales posteriorly, posterolateral corners of terga III and IV usually with few black spatulate scales; terga V–VIII largely covered with pale spatulate scales, also with conspicuous patches of black spatulate scales on posterolateral corners; sterna IV–VII with few scattered pale spatulate scales (occasionally on sternum III as well) and median patch of black spatulate scales on posterior margins; sternum VIII with pale falcate and/or spatulate scales laterally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF09660BFF9FA54CFF340F77FD062606" box="[151,701,837,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF340F77FD062606" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" box="[151,701,837,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFF340F77FEBF2606" bold="true" box="[151,260,838,859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Wing characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9FA54CFE590F77FD0C2601" box="[506,695,838,860]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFE590F77FD0C2601" box="[506,695,838,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Anopheles rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF3C0F49FB4B26D3" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" box="[159,1264,888,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Characteristics Females (n = 62) Males (n = 61)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFC800F93FCBF26A2" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">One wing Both wings One wing Both wings (%) (%) (%) (%) Presector dark spot on vein R as long as presector dark spots</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF3C0838FD442122" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">on subcosta and costa 54.8 40.3 70.5 54.1 Vein R2 +3 with two dark spots 85.5 64.5 86.9 73.8 Vein R4 +5 with 3 dark spots 8.1 3.2 11.5 4.9 Vein M1 with median pale spot&gt;2 times length of dark spot</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF3C08B9FD4421E1" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">on either side 19.4 8.1 50.8 23.0 Vein M2 with median pale spot&gt;2 times length of dark spot</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF3C08F7FD5121A4" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">on either side 72.6 53.2 83.6 63.9 Vein M3+4 with median pale spot&gt;2 times length of dark</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF3C0932FCB2206A" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">spot on either side 72.6 50.0 68.9 52.5 Furcation of vein R2+3 within proximal 0.5 of preapical dark</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF3C0972FF7C2242" blockId="2.[151,1398,837,1368]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,1439,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
spot on vein R1 48.4 29.0 0 0 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFF660991FEBA20E5" bold="true" box="[197,257,1440,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Male</emphasis>
. Like female except as follows. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFDD409AEFD0F20EA" box="[631,692,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
: Proboscis length 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9FA54CFC2A09AEFB8A20EA" box="[905,1073,1439,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="2.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="2.13" valueMax="2.18" valueMin="2.08">2.08–2.18 mm</quantity>
, 1.31–1.50 length of forefemur; maxillary palpus length 2.08– 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9FA54CFE4B09F2FDF42086" box="[488,591,1475,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="2.03">2.03 mm</quantity>
, 0.95–1.02 length of proboscis. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFC1909F4FC492081" box="[954,1010,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
: Characteristics compared with those of female in 
<tableCitation id="C6F40338FF9FA54CFE8909D6FEC420A2" box="[298,383,1511,1535]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,838,859]" captionText="TABLE 1. Wing characteristics of Anopheles rampae." pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Table 1</tableCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFE2D09D9FE7820A2" box="[398,451,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Legs</emphasis>
: Foretarsomeres 2 and 3 with apical pale patch or band only. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFB2B09D6FB4920A2" box="[1160,1266,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Posterolateral corners of terga III and VII occasionally with few black spatulate scales; tergum VIII (ventral in position) with variable amount of pale scaling, with median patch of black spatulate scales posteriorly; sternum VIII (dorsal in position) largely pale-scaled. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFE400A65FDF62331" box="[483,589,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A06FF9FA54CFDFF0A62FD202336" box="[604,667,1619,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[261,1329,191,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[249,1336,165,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pupa and male genitalia of Anopheles (Cellia) rampae. A, Pupa, left side of cephalothorax, dorsal to right. B, Pupa, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of metathorax and abdomen. C – E, Male genitalia (tergal aspects): C, apex of claspette; D, apex of aedeagus; E, phallosome and left gonocoxite. Cl, claspette; CT, cephalothorax; LAe, leaflets of aedeagus; Pa, paddle; I – IX = abdominal segments I – IX; 1 – 14 = setal numbers for specified areas, e. g. seta 3 - I. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277126/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–E): Gonocoxite with scales on lateral surface, with 4 or 5 slender and lanceolate parabasal setae; gonostylus longer than gonocoxite, with prominent subapical tergolateral setae and row of minute setae along sternolateral margin; gonostylar claw short, pigmented. Claspette with tergolateral club formed of fused stems and 1 or 2 slender apical setae longer than club. Aedeagus narrow, apex usually with 4 flattened leaflets on either side, distal leaflets serrate on outer margin. Proctiger membranous, lightly sclerotised laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9FA54CFF660B1DFC69228E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1439,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9FA54CFF660B1DFF4F2219" bold="true" box="[197,244,1836,1860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Egg</emphasis>
. Length 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9FA54CFEF80B1AFDB9221E" box="[347,514,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.49">0.49–0.54 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9FA54CFDF40B1AFD45221E" box="[599,766,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.135" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.15 mm</quantity>
; deck usually complete; frill incomplete in middle on both sides, distance between anterior and posterior frills 0.20–0.33 length of deck; ratio of width to length of part of deck enclosed by anterior frill 0.14–0.27, ratio of width between floats to length of part of deck between anterior and posterior frills 0.23–0.62, ratio of width to length of part of deck enclosed by posterior frill 0.16–0.31; float with 14–20 ridges, confluent with median part of deck (part without frill).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF09660BFF9EA54DFF340B48FB4522B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277126/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[261,1329,191,1866]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9EA54DFF340B48FB4522B1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1913,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9EA54DFF340B48FEAE22D2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1913,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Pupa and male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9EA54DFD9C0B4BFCED22CD" box="[575,854,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae" subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9EA54DFD9C0B4BFD1322CD" box="[575,680,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Anopheles</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9EA54DFD190B4BFD4322CD" box="[698,760,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Cellia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9EA54DFCAA0B4AFCED22CD" box="[777,854,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, Pupa, left side of cephalothorax, dorsal to right. B, Pupa, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of metathorax and abdomen. C–E, Male genitalia (tergal aspects): C, apex of claspette; D, apex of aedeagus; E, phallosome and left gonocoxite. Cl, claspette; CT, cephalothorax; LAe, leaflets of aedeagus; Pa, paddle; I–IX = abdominal segments I–IX; 1–14 = setal numbers for specified areas, e.g. seta 3-I. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF660CA9FF522462" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF660CA9FEB825ED" bold="true" box="[197,259,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A06FF99A54AFEB00CA6FEF525F2" box="[275,334,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[261,1329,191,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[249,1336,165,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pupa and male genitalia of Anopheles (Cellia) rampae. A, Pupa, left side of cephalothorax, dorsal to right. B, Pupa, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of metathorax and abdomen. C – E, Male genitalia (tergal aspects): C, apex of claspette; D, apex of aedeagus; E, phallosome and left gonocoxite. Cl, claspette; CT, cephalothorax; LAe, leaflets of aedeagus; Pa, paddle; I – IX = abdominal segments I – IX; 1 – 14 = setal numbers for specified areas, e. g. seta 3 - I. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277126/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig.1</figureCitation>
A,B). Character and positions of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches in 
<tableCitation id="C6F40338FF99A54AFAE10CA6FA2325F2" box="[1346,1432,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Range (mode) of numbers of branches for pupal setae of Anopheles rampae." pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Table 2</tableCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF340C8DFE842589" box="[151,319,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
: Trumpet length 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF99A54AFDA30C8DFD1D2589" box="[512,678,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.39" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.43 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF99A54AFD550C8DFC202589" box="[758,923,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.11" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.11 mm</quantity>
, index 3.64–4.00. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFBC40C8DFB6A2589" box="[1127,1233,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFAB50C8DFAFB2589" box="[1302,1344,188,212]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9-II</date>
,III very short, blunt; 9-IV–VII long, sharply pointed; ratio of length of seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFC050CEEFC6225AA" box="[934,985,223,247]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9-III</date>
/ 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFC410CEEFBAD25AA" box="[994,1046,223,247]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9-IV</date>
0.30–0.55 (mean 0.37), 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFA970CEEFAD325AA" box="[1332,1384,223,247]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9-IV</date>
/ 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFAD10CEEFA2725AA" box="[1394,1436,223,247]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9-V</date>
0.26–0.38 (mean 0.30); 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFE0E0D35FE4F2441" box="[429,500,260,284]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9-VIII</date>
with 9–19(13) branches. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFCBC0D35FCD52441" box="[799,878,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Paddle</emphasis>
: Seta 1-P generally shorter, 0.31–0.44 length of paddle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF09660BFF99A54AFF340D41FBB424DB" box="[151,1039,368,390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF340D41FBB424DB" blockId="4.[151,1422,368,1059]" box="[151,1039,368,390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF340D41FF4524D8" bold="true" box="[151,254,368,389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Range (mode) of numbers of branches for pupal setae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFCEF0D41FBB224DB" box="[844,1033,368,390]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFCEF0D41FBB224DB" box="[844,1033,368,390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Anopheles rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF3C0D93FAED217E" blockId="4.[151,1422,368,1059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
Seta Cephalothorax Abdominal segments Paddle no. CT I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Pa 0 – – 1,2(1) 1 1 1 1,2(1) 1 1 – – 1 2–4(3) nc 4–9(5) 4–10(6) 2–8(3) 1,2(1) 1,2(1) 1,2(1) – 3,4(4) 1 2 2–4(3) 3–8(4) 3–7(4) 3–7(5) 2–4(3) 2–4(3) 2,3(2) 1–3(2) – – 1–3(2) 3 2–4(3) 1,2(1) 1–3(1) 1–3(2) 1–6(4) 1–3(2) 1–3(1) 1–3(2) – – – 4 2–6(3) 2–6(3) 1–7(4) 1–6(3) 1–4(3) 1–5(3) 1–3(1) 1–3(1) 1–3(2) – – 5 4–8(5) 1–4(3) 2–6(4) 5–11(7) 3–10(5) 2–7(4) 3–6(4) 3–6(4) – – – 6 2–4(3) 1–5(3) 3–6(3) 2–8(3) 1–4(3) 1–4(1) 1–3(1) 1–3(1) – – – 7 3,4(3) 2–7(3) 3–6(3) 2–6(4) 1–6(3) 1–5(2) 1–3(1) 1,2(1) – – – 8 1–3(1) – 3–5(4) 1–5(3) 1–3(1) 1,2(1) 1–4(2) 1–4(3) – – – 9 2–4(3) 1,2(1) 1 1 1 1 1 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFBB10F59FB092623" box="[1042,1202,872,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1919-09-01">1 9–19</date>
(13) – – 10 1,2(2) – 1,2(1) 1–4(2) 1,2(1) 1–3(2) 1–3(2) 1–4(2) – – – 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFF3C0F8AFEB3268D" box="[159,264,954,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1911-05-01">11 1–5</date>
(3) – – 1,2(1) 1 1,2(1) 1 1,2(1) – – – 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFF3C0FD5FEB326A4" box="[159,264,995,1017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1912-05-01">12 1–5</date>
(3) – – – – – – – – – – 14 – – – 1 1 1 1 1 1 – –
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF340874FEF32104" blockId="4.[151,328,1091,1114]" box="[151,328,1091,1114]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">nc = not counted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF6608B6FB032033" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF6608B6FE0621C2" bold="true" box="[197,445,1158,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Larva, fourth-instar</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A06FF99A54AFE7208B7FDA721C3" box="[465,540,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[255,1336,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1351,169,1895]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva of Anopheles (Cellia) rampae. A, Head, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of left side. B, Thorax and abdominal segments I – VI, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of left side. C, Abdominal segments VII, VIII and X, left side. A, antenna; C, cranium; P, prothorax; M, mesothorax; S, spiracular lobe; T, metathorax; I – VIII, X = abdominal segments I – VIII and X; 1 – 15 = setal numbers for specified areas, e. g. seta 5 - C. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277127/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Character and placement of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches in 
<tableCitation id="C6F40338FF99A54AFEBE0898FEC9219C" box="[285,370,1193,1217]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,235,410,431]" captionTargetBox="[151,1375,491,1962]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 3. Range (mode) of numbers of branches for fourth-instar larval setae of Anopheles rampae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF09660BFF98A54BFF340DABFB2E24ED" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="DF09660BFF98A54BFF340DABFB2E24ED">Table 3</tableCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFEDE0898FE02219C" box="[381,441,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Head</emphasis>
: Seta 4-A with 2,3(2) branches; seta 2-C single, with 5–12 short lateral aciculae. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFAE00898FA2F219C" box="[1347,1428,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Thorax</emphasis>
: Seta 4-M with 3–5(4) branches, width of basal stem 0.20–0.40 (mean 0.28) of its length; seta 3-T with 1–4(4) branches. 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFEAE08DFFECC205B" box="[269,375,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFE6608DFFE5D205B" box="[453,486,1262,1286]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">1-I</date>
not palmate, with 4–7(5) branches; seta II–VII palmate; seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFB6008DFFB56205B" box="[1219,1261,1262,1286]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">1-II</date>
with 8–12(10) weakly developed leaflets, 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFE6A0920FE462074" box="[457,509,1297,1321]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">1-III</date>
with 13–18(16) fully developed leaflets, filaments usually &lt;0.25 length of blades; leaflets of seta 1-IV–V each with relatively long filament, 0.19–0.38 length of blade; seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFB740905FB432011" box="[1239,1272,1332,1356]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">4-I</date>
with 4–10(7) branches; seta 
<date id="FFC81043FF99A54AFE9F0967FEC12033" box="[316,378,1366,1390]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">5-VII</date>
with 7–13(9) branches. Pecten plate with 4–6 long and 6–10 short spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF660948FEF02362" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF660948FEC620CF" bold="true" box="[197,381,1401,1426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">DNA sequence.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFE26094BFDFA20CC" box="[389,577,1401,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Ma, Y., Li, S. &amp; Xu, J. (2006) Molecular identification and phylogeny of the Maculatus group [sic] of Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondiral DNA sequences. Acta Tropica, 99, 272 - 280." type="journal article">
Ma 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFE10094BFE5D20CC" box="[435,486,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFDD90948FCDB20CC" box="[634,864,1401,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFD70094BFCBE20CC" box="[723,773,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
reported that the nucleotide sequence of the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA in 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFE4F09ADFDC920E9" box="[492,626,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFE4F09ADFDC920E9" box="[492,626,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as form K) is unique among members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFB3809ADFAAB20E9" box="[1179,1296,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group (
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFAD509ADFEAC208B" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notanandai">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFAD509ADFEAC208B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. notanandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not included), differing by 3.7% (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFD06098FFC3C208B" author="Walton" box="[677,903,1470,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFCA209F1FC8E208B" box="[769,821,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
) from 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFC7B098FFF6520A4" authority="Rattanarithikul &amp; Green" authorityName="Rattanarithikul &amp; Green" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFC7B098FFB72208B" box="[984,1225,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. sawadwongporni</emphasis>
Rattanarithikul &amp; Green
</taxonomicName>
, the most closely related species. More recently, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFCA509D3FC4B20A4" box="[774,1008,1505,1530]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Morgan, K., O'Loughlin, S. M., Mun-Yik, F., Linton, Y. - M., Somboon, P., Min, S., Htun, P. T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. &amp; Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588 - 601." type="journal article">
Morgan 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFCC609D3FC2C20A4" box="[869,919,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
also found a strong sister relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFF580A35FEC62341" box="[251,381,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF580A35FEC62341" box="[251,381,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as form K) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFD990A35FC932341" box="[570,808,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFD990A35FC932341" box="[570,808,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. sawadwongporni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a Bayesian analysis of the mitochondrial COII and ND5 genes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6508FF99A549FF660A7BFB1C27DA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF660A7BFE3923B1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF660A7BFEF0233F" bold="true" box="[197,331,1610,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named in honor of Dr Rampa Rattanarithikul (formerly of the Armed Forces Research Institution of Medical Sciences, Bangkok) for her many important contributions to our knowledge of mosquitoes in Southeast Asia, especially her studies of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFC920ABFFC1E23FB" box="[817,933,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFBA00ABFFADB23FB" author="Rattanarithikul" box="[1027,1376,1678,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1987) Formal recognition of the species of the Anopheles maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) occurring in Thailand, including the descriptions of two new species and a preliminary key to females. Mosquito Systematics (for 1986), 18, 246 - 278." type="journal article" year="1987">Rattanarithikul &amp; Green, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFACF0ABEFE5F2394" author="Rattanarithikul" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Harbach, R. E. (1991) Anopheles maculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from the type locality of Hong Kong and two new species of the Maculatus Complex from the Philippines. Mosquito Systematics (for 1990), 22, 160 - 183." type="journal article" year="1991">Rattanarithikul &amp; Harbach, 1991</bibRefCitation>
) that provided the taxonomic foundation for further studies of this medically important group of insects.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF99A54AFF660AC7FE162283" blockId="4.[151,1437,1158,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFF660AC7FEE32252" bold="true" box="[197,344,1782,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Systematics.</emphasis>
The correlation of morphological differences with paracentric inversions of polytene chromosomes and heterochromatin variation in mitotic chromosomes allowed 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFC640B28FA8B226C" author="Rattanarithikul" box="[967,1328,1817,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1987) Formal recognition of the species of the Anopheles maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) occurring in Thailand, including the descriptions of two new species and a preliminary key to females. Mosquito Systematics (for 1986), 18, 246 - 278." type="journal article" year="1987">Rattanarithikul &amp; Green (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF99A54AFACF0B2BFE4F2209" author="Rattanarithikul" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Harbach, R. E. (1991) Anopheles maculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from the type locality of Hong Kong and two new species of the Maculatus Complex from the Philippines. Mosquito Systematics (for 1990), 22, 160 - 183." type="journal article" year="1991">Rattanarithikul &amp; Harbach (1991)</bibRefCitation>
to give formal Latin names to eight members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFBC00B0DFB632209" box="[1123,1240,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Maculatus</taxonomicName>
Group. Polytene chromosomes have not been studied in the ninth member of the Group, i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFBA00B6FFB3C222A" box="[1027,1159,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFBA00B6FFB3C222A" box="[1027,1159,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but as noted above the unique metaphase karyotype readily distinguishes this form from the other species. In particular, the X and Y chromosomes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFE8A0B95FE1622E1" box="[297,429,1956,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFE8A0B95FE1622E1" box="[297,429,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are different from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFD480B95FC2222E1" box="[747,921,1956,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notanandai">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFD480B95FC2222E1" box="[747,921,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. notanandai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF99A54AFC700B95FB7922E1" box="[979,1218,1956,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF99A54AFC700B95FB7922E1" box="[979,1218,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">An. sawadwongporni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the most morphologically similar species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF98A54BFF660CA6FD5F2435" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
Mitotic karyotypes from brain ganglia of fourth-instar larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF98A54BFC330CA9FBA925ED" box="[912,1042,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFC330CA9FBA925ED" box="[912,1042,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(form K) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF98A54BFB170CA9FAEF25ED" box="[1204,1364,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFB170CA9FAEF25ED" box="[1204,1364,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">An. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms B and E are generally similar, consisting of three 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF98A54BFD680C8AFCBD258E" box="[715,774,187,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
of X chromosomes (small submetacentric 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFB4D0C8AFAB1258A" box="[1262,1290,187,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X1</date>
, metacentric 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFF340CD0FF0825A0" box="[151,179,225,253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X2</date>
and large submetacentric 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFE470CD0FDBB25A0" box="[484,512,225,253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X3</date>
) and two 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF98A54BFDDA0CD0FD0F25A4" box="[633,692,225,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
of Y chromosomes (acrocentric or small submetacentric Y1 and large submetacentric Y2) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF98A54BFE1B0D34FD3E2440" author="Green" box="[440,645,261,286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Green, C. A., Baimai, V., Harrison, B. A. &amp; Andre, R. G. (1985) Cytogenetic evidence for a complex of species within the taxon Anopheles maculatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 24, 321 - 328." type="journal article" year="1985">
Green 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFDA70D36FD8E2440" box="[516,565,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF98A54BFD330D34FCD32440" author="Baimai" box="[656,872,261,286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Baimai, V., Kijchalao, U., Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1993) Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and Southeast Asia: II. Maculatus Group, Neocellia Series, subgenus Cellia. Mosquito Systematics, 25, 116 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">
Baimai 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFD440D36FCA32440" box="[743,792,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
). Previously, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF98A54BFC5D0D34FB652440" box="[1022,1246,261,286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Baimai, V., Kijchalao, U., Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1993) Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and Southeast Asia: II. Maculatus Group, Neocellia Series, subgenus Cellia. Mosquito Systematics, 25, 116 - 123." type="journal article">
Baimai 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFBF50D36FB3D2440" box="[1110,1158,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. (1993)
</bibRefCitation>
reported that 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFADA0D37FA2E247E" box="[1401,1429,262,291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X3</date>
, Y1 and Y2 occur in form B; 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFE680D1DFE532415" box="[459,488,300,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X1</date>
, 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFE560D1DFDA92415" box="[501,530,300,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X3</date>
and Y1 occur in form E; and 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFCFB0D1DFCCF2415" box="[856,884,300,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X2</date>
, 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFC220D1DFC252415" box="[897,926,300,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X3</date>
and Y2 occur in form K. However, Thongwat (2008) found that 
<date id="FFC81043FF98A54BFEC10D60FEC52430" box="[354,382,337,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X2</date>
and Y2 occur in all three forms.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF09660BFF98A54BFF340DABFB2E24ED" ID-Table-UUID="DF09660BFF98A54BFF340DABFB2E24ED" box="[151,1173,410,432]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF09660BFF98A54BFF340DABFB2E24ED" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[151,1375,491,1962]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF98A54BFF340DABFB2E24ED" blockId="5.[151,1241,410,472]" box="[151,1173,410,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFF340DABFEBF24F2" bold="true" box="[151,260,410,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Range (mode) of numbers of branches for fourth-instar larval setae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF98A54BFC710DABFB3424ED" box="[978,1167,410,432]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF98A54BFC710DABFB3424ED" box="[978,1167,410,432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Anopheles rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF98A54BFF3C0DF2FC3B22B8" blockId="5.[151,1241,410,472]" lastBlockId="5.[197,896,1999,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
Seta Head Thorax Abdominal segments * Shown in 
<figureCitation id="134D2A06FF98A54BFE9D0BFEFEC122B8" box="[318,378,1999,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[255,1336,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1351,169,1895]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fourth-instar larva of Anopheles (Cellia) rampae. A, Head, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of left side. B, Thorax and abdominal segments I – VI, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of left side. C, Abdominal segments VII, VIII and X, left side. A, antenna; C, cranium; P, prothorax; M, mesothorax; S, spiracular lobe; T, metathorax; I – VIII, X = abdominal segments I – VIII and X; 1 – 15 = setal numbers for specified areas, e. g. seta 5 - C. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277127/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
with fewer than actual branches; nc = not counted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF98A54BFF3C0DDAFAB822F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<table id="F976C423FF985AB1FF340DDAFAE422F7" box="[151,1375,491,1962]" gridcols="4" gridrows="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340DDAFAE4275D" box="[151,1375,491,512]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340DDAFD8D275D" box="[151,566,491,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">no. C P</th>
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80DDAFD54275D" box="[603,751,491,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">M</th>
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40DDAFB01275D" box="[775,1210,491,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">T I</th>
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740DDAFAE4275D" box="[1239,1375,491,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">II</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340E22FAE42775" box="[151,1375,531,552]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340E22FD8D2775" box="[151,566,531,552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">0 1 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80E22FD542775" box="[603,751,531,552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40E22FB012775" box="[775,1210,531,552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">– –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740E22FAE42775" box="[1239,1375,531,552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340E0AFAE4270D" box="[151,1375,571,592]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340E0AFD8D270D" box="[151,566,571,592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1 1 15–23(19)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80E0AFD54270D" box="[603,751,571,592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">26–46(40)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40E0AFB01270D" box="[775,1210,571,592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(3) 4–7(5)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740E0AFAE4270D" box="[1239,1375,571,592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">8–12(10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340E52FAE42725" box="[151,1375,611,632]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340E52FD8D2725" box="[151,566,611,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2 1 14–22(19)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80E52FD542725" box="[603,751,611,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(2)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40E52FB012725" box="[775,1210,611,632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1 3–6(3)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740E52FAE42725" box="[1239,1375,611,632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–7(6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340EBAFAE427FD" box="[151,1375,651,672]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340EBAFD8D27FD" box="[151,566,651,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3 1 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80EBAFD5427FD" box="[603,751,651,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40EBAFB0127FD" box="[775,1210,651,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–4(4) 1,2(1)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740EBAFAE427FD" box="[1239,1375,651,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340E82FAE42795" box="[151,1375,691,712]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340E82FD8D2795" box="[151,566,691,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">4 1 13–19(16)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80E82FD542795" box="[603,751,691,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–5(4)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40E82FB012795" box="[775,1210,691,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–5(4) 4–10(7)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740E82FAE42795" box="[1239,1375,691,712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–11(7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340EEAFAE427AD" box="[151,1375,731,752]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340EEAFD8D27AD" box="[151,566,731,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5 11–22(15) 27–49(40)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80EEAFD5427AD" box="[603,751,731,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40EEAFB0127AD" box="[775,1210,731,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">23–40(30) 4–6(5)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740EEAFAE427AD" box="[1239,1375,731,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–7(6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340F32FAE42645" box="[151,1375,771,792]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340F32FD8D2645" box="[151,566,771,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">6 11–21(19) 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80F32FD542645" box="[603,751,771,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–6(4)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40F32FB012645" box="[775,1210,771,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–5(3) 24–32(30)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740F32FAE42645" box="[1239,1375,771,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">21–32(29)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340F1AFAE4261D" box="[151,1375,811,832]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340F1AFD8D261D" box="[151,566,811,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">7 17–25(20) 16–24(22)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80F1AFD54261D" box="[603,751,811,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40F1AFB01261D" box="[775,1210,811,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">21–36(33) 24–31(27)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740F1AFAE4261D" box="[1239,1375,811,832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">24–36(30)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340F62FAE42635" box="[151,1375,851,872]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340F62FD8D2635" box="[151,566,851,872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">8 1,2(1) 27–39(35)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80F62FD542635" box="[603,751,851,872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">14–22(20)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40F62FB012635" box="[775,1210,851,872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">29–42(35) –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740F62FAE42635" box="[1239,1375,851,872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340F4AFAE426CD" box="[151,1375,891,912]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340F4AFD8D26CD" box="[151,566,891,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">9 1–6(4) 11–16(14)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80F4AFD5426CD" box="[603,751,891,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">8–15(11)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40F4AFB0126CD" box="[775,1210,891,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">12–22(19) 5–7(5)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740F4AFAE426CD" box="[1239,1375,891,912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">7–9(8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340F92FAE426E5" box="[151,1375,931,952]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340F92FD8D26E5" box="[151,566,931,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">10 1–4(3) 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80F92FD5426E5" box="[603,751,931,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40F92FB0126E5" box="[775,1210,931,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">11–19(13)* 1–3(2)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740F92FAE426E5" box="[1239,1375,931,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–5(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340FFAFAE426BD" box="[151,1375,971,992]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340FFAFD8D26BD" box="[151,566,971,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">11 34–41(39) 2–5(3)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80FFAFD5426BD" box="[603,751,971,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1,2(1)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40FFAFB0126BD" box="[775,1210,971,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1 3–5(4)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740FFAFAE426BD" box="[1239,1375,971,992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340FC2FAE42155" box="[151,1375,1011,1032]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340FC2FD8D2155" box="[151,566,1011,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">12 3–6(3) 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80FC2FD542155" box="[603,751,1011,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1,2(2)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40FC2FB012155" box="[775,1210,1011,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–6(4) 3–5(4)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740FC2FAE42155" box="[1239,1375,1011,1032]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF34082AFAE4216D" box="[151,1375,1051,1072]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF34082AFD8D216D" box="[151,566,1051,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">13 4–7(6) 2–7(5)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF8082AFD54216D" box="[603,751,1051,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–11(6)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA4082AFB01216D" box="[775,1210,1051,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3,4(3) 4–8(7)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB74082AFAE4216D" box="[1239,1375,1051,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–8(7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340872FAE42105" box="[151,1375,1091,1112]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340872FD8D2105" box="[151,566,1091,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">14 nc 3–5(4)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80872FD542105" box="[603,751,1091,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">7–11(10)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40872FB012105" box="[775,1210,1091,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">– –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740872FAE42105" box="[1239,1375,1091,1112]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF34085AFAE421DD" box="[151,1375,1131,1152]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF34085AFD8D21DD" box="[151,566,1131,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">15 nc –</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF8085AFD5421DD" box="[603,751,1131,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA4085AFB0121DD" box="[775,1210,1131,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">– –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB74085AFAE421DD" box="[1239,1375,1131,1152]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF3408ABFAE421ED" box="[151,1375,1178,1200]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF3408ABFD8D21ED" box="[151,566,1178,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">continued.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF3408FAFAE421BC" box="[151,1375,1227,1249]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF3408FAFD8D21BC" box="[151,566,1227,1249]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Seta Abdominal segments</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340931FAE42048" box="[151,1375,1280,1301]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340931FD8D2048" box="[151,566,1280,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">no. III IV</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80931FD542048" box="[603,751,1280,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">V</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40931FB012048" box="[775,1210,1280,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">VI VII VIII</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740931FAE42048" box="[1239,1375,1280,1301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">X</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340918FAE42063" box="[151,1375,1321,1342]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340918FD8D2063" box="[151,566,1321,1342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">0 1 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80918FD542063" box="[603,751,1321,1342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40918FB012063" box="[775,1210,1321,1342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1 1 1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740918FAE42063" box="[1239,1375,1321,1342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340960FAE42035" box="[151,1375,1361,1384]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340960FD8D2035" box="[151,566,1361,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1 13–18(16) 12–18(15)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80960FD542035" box="[603,751,1361,1384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">13–17(14)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40960FB012035" box="[775,1210,1361,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">11–16(13) 12–16(13) 1–3(2)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740960FAE42035" box="[1239,1375,1361,1384]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF34094BFAE420CC" box="[151,1375,1402,1425]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF34094BFD8D20CC" box="[151,566,1402,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2 4–7(5) 1,2(1)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF8094BFD5420CC" box="[603,751,1402,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1,2(1)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA4094BFB0120CC" box="[775,1210,1402,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(1) 4–7(5) 8–13(11)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB74094BFAE420CC" box="[1239,1375,1402,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">13–24(20)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340995FAE420E7" box="[151,1375,1444,1466]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340995FD8D20E7" box="[151,566,1444,1466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3 1 2–5(3)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80995FD5420E7" box="[603,751,1444,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(1)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40995FB0120E7" box="[775,1210,1444,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1,2(1) 2–5(3) 6–10(9)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740995FAE420E7" box="[1239,1375,1444,1466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">7–14(11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF3409FCFAE420B9" box="[151,1375,1485,1508]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF3409FCFD8D20B9" box="[151,566,1485,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">4 3–7(4) 3,4(3)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF809FCFD5420B9" box="[603,751,1485,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–6(4)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA409FCFB0120B9" box="[775,1210,1485,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1,2(1) 1,2(1) 2,3(3)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB7409FCFAE420B9" box="[1239,1375,1485,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF3409C6FAE42350" box="[151,1375,1527,1549]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF3409C6FD8D2350" box="[151,566,1527,1549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5 4–7(5) 3–5(4)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF809C6FD542350" box="[603,751,1527,1549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–9(6)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA409C6FB012350" box="[775,1210,1527,1549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–10(8) 7–13(9) 5–8(6)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB7409C6FAE42350" box="[1239,1375,1527,1549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340A11FAE4236A" box="[151,1375,1568,1591]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340A11FD8D236A" box="[151,566,1568,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">6 18–28(22) 3–5(5)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80A11FD54236A" box="[603,751,1568,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–5(4)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40A11FB01236A" box="[775,1210,1568,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–5(5) 4–7(4) –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740A11FAE4236A" box="[1239,1375,1568,1591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340A78FAE4233D" box="[151,1375,1609,1632]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340A78FD8D233D" box="[151,566,1609,1632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">7 3–7(5) 4–7(5)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80A78FD54233D" box="[603,751,1609,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–6(5)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40A78FB01233D" box="[775,1210,1609,1632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–6(4) 3–7(4) 1-S,</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740A78FAE4233D" box="[1239,1375,1609,1632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–10(6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340A43FAE423D4" box="[151,1375,1650,1673]" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340A43FD8D23D4" box="[151,566,1650,1673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">8 1–4(3) 2,3(2)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80A43FD5423D4" box="[603,751,1650,1673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40A43FB0123D4" box="[775,1210,1650,1673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3) 3–6(6) 2-S,</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740A43FAE423D4" box="[1239,1375,1650,1673]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">4–12(8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340AADFAE423EF" box="[151,1375,1692,1714]" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340AADFD8D23EF" box="[151,566,1692,1714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">9 5–9(7) 4–6(5)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80AADFD5423EF" box="[603,751,1692,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">4–6(5)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40AADFB0123EF" box="[775,1210,1692,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">4–7(6) 3–9(6) 6-S,</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740AADFAE423EF" box="[1239,1375,1692,1714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340AF4FAE42381" box="[151,1375,1733,1756]" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340AF4FD8D2381" box="[151,566,1733,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">10 2–4(3) 2–4(3)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80AF4FD542381" box="[603,751,1733,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(2)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40AF4FB012381" box="[775,1210,1733,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–5(4) 4–10(6) 7-S,</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740AF4FAE42381" box="[1239,1375,1733,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1–3(2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340ADEFAE42258" box="[151,1375,1775,1797]" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340ADEFD8D2258" box="[151,566,1775,1797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">11 2–5(3) 2–5(3)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80ADEFD542258" box="[603,751,1775,1797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2,3(2)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40ADEFB012258" box="[775,1210,1775,1797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3) 2–4(3) 8-S,</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740ADEFAE42258" box="[1239,1375,1775,1797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">4–7(5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340B29FAE42272" box="[151,1375,1816,1839]" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340B29FD8D2272" box="[151,566,1816,1839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">12 2–4(2) 3–5(3)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80B29FD542272" box="[603,751,1816,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2–4(3)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40B29FB012272" box="[775,1210,1816,1839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2,3(2) 2–4(2) 9-S,</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740B29FAE42272" box="[1239,1375,1816,1839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–9(7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340B70FAE4220A" box="[151,1375,1857,1879]" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340B70FD8D220A" box="[151,566,1857,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">13 4–7(5) 4–6(5)</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80B70FD54220A" box="[603,751,1857,1879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">3–6(5)</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40B70FB01220A" box="[775,1210,1857,1879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">5–11(8) 2–6(4) –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740B70FAE4220A" box="[1239,1375,1857,1879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340B5AFAE422DC" box="[151,1375,1899,1921]" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340B5AFD8D22DC" box="[151,566,1899,1921]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">14 1 1</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80B5AFD5422DC" box="[603,751,1899,1921]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40B5AFB0122DC" box="[775,1210,1899,1921]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">1 1 1</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740B5AFAE422DC" box="[1239,1375,1899,1921]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354634C1FF985AB1FF340BA5FAE422F7" box="[151,1375,1940,1962]" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76975DBDFF985AB1FF340BA5FD8D22F7" box="[151,566,1940,1962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">15 – –</th>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FDF80BA5FD5422F7" box="[603,751,1940,1962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FCA40BA5FB0122F7" box="[775,1210,1940,1962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">– – –</td>
<td id="76975DBDFF985AB1FB740BA5FAE422F7" box="[1239,1375,1940,1962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">–</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF09660BFF9BA548FF340B43FB9722B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277127/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[255,1336,193,1890]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9BA548FF340B43FB9722B9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1906,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9BA548FF340B43FEA822D5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1906,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Fourth-instar larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9BA548FE590B42FCB622D4" box="[506,781,1907,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae" subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9BA548FE590B42FDD822D4" box="[506,611,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Anopheles</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9BA548FDD00B42FD0A22D4" box="[627,689,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Cellia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9BA548FD630B45FCB622D4" box="[704,781,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, Head, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of left side. B, Thorax and abdominal segments I–VI, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects of left side. C, Abdominal segments VII, VIII and X, left side. A, antenna; C, cranium; P, prothorax; M, mesothorax; S, spiracular lobe; T, metathorax; I–VIII,X = abdominal segments I–VIII and X; 1–15 = setal numbers for specified areas, e.g. seta 5-C. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9AA549FF660CA6FF6E248F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
Crossing experiments involving 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FD990CA9FD0425ED" box="[570,703,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FD990CA9FD0425ED" box="[570,703,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FD500CA9FC2D25ED" box="[755,918,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FD500CA9FC2D25ED" box="[755,918,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form K), 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FBAD0CA9FB0A25ED" box="[1038,1201,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBAD0CA9FB0A25ED" box="[1038,1201,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms B and E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FAD50CA9FEE32589" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FAD50CA9FEE32589" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. sawadwongporni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FECB0C8DFD402589" box="[360,763,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FECB0C8DFDAB2589" box="[360,528,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dravidicus">An. dravidicus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FDBD0C8DFD402589" box="[542,763,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudowillmori">An. pseudowillmori</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FC950C8DFC7E2589" box="[822,965,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willmori">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FC950C8DFC7E2589" box="[822,965,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. willmori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FC750C8DFB692589" author="Somboon" box="[982,1234,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Morgan, K. &amp; Walton, C. (2008) Crossing experiment of Anopheles maculatus form K and Anopheles willmori (James) (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research, 103, 1317 - 1322." type="journal article" year="2008">
Somboon 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBEF0C8CFB3C2589" box="[1100,1159,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; Thongwat 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FAF80C8CFA352589" box="[1371,1422,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2008) revealed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FE230CD1FDBD25A5" box="[384,518,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FE230CD1FDBD25A5" box="[384,518,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is genetically distinct with varying degrees of genetic incompatibility with the other species. In all crosses, hybrid males were sterile or partially sterile with abnormal and inactive spermatozoa or atrophied testes and accessory glands. In some crosses, male embryos failed to develop or emerge from the eggs. High mortality of larval and/or pupal stages was also observed. One or both ovaries were normal or atrophied in hybrid females. Backcrosses resulted in more severe incompatibility in both sexes. The polytene chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cells in F1 hybrid females exhibited approximately 70% to complete asynapsis of all chromosome arms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9AA549FF660DEFFB1C27DA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FF660DEFFEF324AA" bold="true" box="[197,328,478,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Bionomics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FEF20DEEFD9F24AA" box="[337,548,479,503]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FEF20DEEFD9F24AA" box="[337,548,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Anopheles rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in sympatry with 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FC0E0DEEFA8024AA" box="[941,1339,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FC0E0DEEFBE924AA" box="[941,1106,479,503]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">An. maculatus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FBFD0DEEFA8024AA" box="[1118,1339,479,503]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudowillmori">An. pseudowillmori</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FAD50DEEFEE42746" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FAD50DEEFEE72746" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawadwongporni">An. sawadwongporni</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The immature stages have been found in small rock and sand pools exposed to sunlight, often with green algae, along the Mekong River and in hilly forested areas, about 
<quantity id="4C8E9B66FF9AA549FBAC0E16FB2A2762" box="[1039,1169,551,575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="100.0">100–400 m</quantity>
above sea level. Adult females start biting shortly after sunset (18:00–20:00); they are primarily zoophilic but will sometimes bite humans. Whether or not 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FE0F0E5EFD9527DA" box="[428,558,623,647]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FE0F0E5EFD9527DA" box="[428,558,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plays a role in human malaria transmission is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6508FF9AA549FF660EA3FCD726FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9AA549FF660EA3FCD726FA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FF660EA3FEE527F6" bold="true" box="[197,350,658,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FECA0EA2FD8527F6" box="[361,574,659,683]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FECA0EA2FD8527F6" box="[361,574,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Anopheles rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FDD70EA2FCA327F6" box="[628,792,659,683]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FDD70EA2FCA327F6" box="[628,792,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">An. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form K and species K) has been found in localities in northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FE8F0E86FE2B2792" box="[300,400,695,719]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Ubon Ratchathani Province – 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FCA20E86FC5F2792" author="Baimai" box="[769,996,695,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Baimai, V., Kijchalao, U., Rattanarithikul, R. &amp; Green, C. A. (1993) Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles of Thailand and Southeast Asia: II. Maculatus Group, Neocellia Series, subgenus Cellia. Mosquito Systematics, 25, 116 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">
Baimai 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FCFF0E89FC2A2792" box="[860,913,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FC500E86FB6E2792" author="Walton" box="[1011,1237,695,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBEE0E89FB392792" box="[1101,1154,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FB470E86FF6827AF" author="Somboon" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Somboon, P., Thongwat, D., Morgan, K. &amp; Walton, C. (2008) Crossing experiment of Anopheles maculatus form K and Anopheles willmori (James) (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research, 103, 1317 - 1322." type="journal article" year="2008">
Somboon 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FAF90E89FA352792" box="[1370,1422,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; Thongwat 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FEF50EEDFE3C27AE" box="[342,391,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2008; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FE470EEAFD7D27AF" author="Morgan" box="[484,710,730,755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Morgan, K., O'Loughlin, S. M., Mun-Yik, F., Linton, Y. - M., Somboon, P., Min, S., Htun, P. T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. &amp; Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588 - 601." type="journal article" year="2009">
Morgan 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FDE70EEDFDCE27AE" box="[580,629,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), northern 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FCE30EEBFC0827AF" box="[832,947,730,754]" name="Cambodia" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
(Ratanakiri and Vihear Provinces – 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FAEF0EEBFEA2264A" author="Walton" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FF340F31FF73264A" box="[151,200,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FE860F31FDBE264A" author="Morgan" box="[293,517,767,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Morgan, K., O'Loughlin, S. M., Mun-Yik, F., Linton, Y. - M., Somboon, P., Min, S., Htun, P. T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. &amp; Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588 - 601." type="journal article" year="2009">
Morgan 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FE270F31FE0D264A" box="[388,438,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) and central 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FD340ECEFD4D264A" box="[663,758,767,791]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(Quang Binh Province – 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FBB40ECEFB4A264A" author="Walton" box="[1047,1265,767,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Walton, C., Somboon, P., O'Laughlin, S. M., Zhang, S., Harbach, R. E., Linton, Y. - M., Chen, B., Nolan, K., Duong, S., Fong, M. Y., Vythilingum, I., Mohammed, Z. D., Trung, H. D. &amp; Butlin, R. K. (2007) Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS 2 region of rDNA. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">
Walton 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBCC0F31FB1A264A" box="[1135,1185,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B72FF9AA549FB5E0F31FF6F2667" author="Morgan" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Morgan, K., O'Loughlin, S. M., Mun-Yik, F., Linton, Y. - M., Somboon, P., Min, S., Htun, P. T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. &amp; Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588 - 601." type="journal article" year="2009">
Morgan 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FAFF0F31FA35264A" box="[1372,1422,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D00FF9AA549FF450F12FE032666" box="[230,440,803,827]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rampae">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FF450F12FE032666" box="[230,440,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Anopheles rampae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been found in other areas of northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FC520F13FBEF2667" box="[1009,1108,802,826]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Chaiyaphum, Loei, Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Nong Bua Lam Phu, Nong Khai and Phetchabun Provinces) and in 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FB220F79FB0C2602" box="[1153,1207,840,863]" name="Laos" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Laos</collectingCountry>
(Khammouan Province) (R. Rattanarithikul, unpublished observations). Specimens that form part of the 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBF10F5AFB6D26DE" bold="true" box="[1106,1238,874,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FBF10F5AFB3626DE" box="[1106,1165,875,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
series
</emphasis>
(see below) were collected in Udon Thani Province, also in northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FCA20FBEFCD326FA" box="[769,872,911,935]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C6508FF9AA549FF660F82FAD3206F" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC93683FF9AA549FF660F82FAD3206F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FF660F82FEE92696" bold="true" box="[197,338,946,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FF660F82FEBB2696" box="[197,256,947,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
One hundred and fifty-nine specimens (33 Ƥ, 23 3, 47 Le, 52 Pe, 4 L) derived from four cytotyped progeny broods: UDN 7(3), UDN 7(9), UB 500(14) and UB 501(2). 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FC570FE6FBE026B2" box="[1012,1115,983,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FC570FE6FBE026B2" box="[1012,1115,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, Ƥ (UDN 7(9)-12), with Le and Pe on microscope slide, offspring of female collected as follows, 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FC140FCAFBF7214E" box="[951,1100,1019,1043]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBFB0FCAFAF5214E" box="[1112,1358,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Udon Thani Province</emphasis>
, Nong Bua Lam Phu (
<geoCoordinate id="EE425044FF9AA549FEE0082EFE09216A" box="[323,434,1053,1079]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="17.216667">17º 13′ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE425044FF9AA549FE1D082EFD8C216A" box="[446,567,1053,1079]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="102.45">102º 27′ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFC81043FF9AA549FDEF082EFD67216A" box="[588,732,1055,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" value="1986-10-20">20 Oct 1986</date>
, biting human, coll. Udom. 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FBB90811FB30216A" box="[1050,1163,1056,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FBB90811FB30216A" box="[1050,1163,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, same data as 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FA91082EFA23216A" box="[1330,1432,1055,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 16 Ƥ LePe [UDN 7(9)-1, -10, -13 through -16, -18, -20, -21; UDN 7(3)-2, -3, -5, -12 through -15]; 3 Ƥ Pe [UDN 7(3)-1, -16; UDN 7(9)-19)]; 4 Ƥ [UDN 7(9)-M [mother], UDN 7(9), UDN 7(9)-17; UDN 7(3)-17]; 13 3 LePe [UDN 7(9)-2, -4 through -9; UDN 7(3)-6 through -11; 1 3 Pe (UDN 7(3)-100]; 1 3 [UDN 7(9)]. 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FB5108BDFADF21FE" box="[1266,1380,1164,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FB5108BDFADF21FE" box="[1266,1380,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, offspring of female collected as follows, 
<collectingCountry id="F3617613FF9AA549FDEB089EFD66219A" box="[584,733,1199,1223]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="B902EA91FF9AA549FD4A089EFB9F219A" box="[745,1060,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Ubon Ratchathani Province</emphasis>
, Na Chaluai (
<geoCoordinate id="EE425044FF9AA549FB67089EFA88219A" box="[1220,1331,1197,1223]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="14.416667">14º 25′ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE425044FF9AA549FA9C089EFF1021B7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="105.23333">105º 14′ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFC81043FF9AA549FF6208E2FEFE21B7" box="[193,325,1234,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" value="1987-10-07">7 Oct 1987</date>
, biting human, coll. Udom’s team: 8 Ƥ [UB 501(2)-28, -29, -32, -34, -35; UB 500(14)-21, -22, - 100]; 2 Ƥ [UB 501(2)-27; UB 500(14)]; 7 3 LePe [UB 501(2)-26, -30, -31, -36 through -39]; 1 Pe [UB 501(2)-27]; 4 L [UB 501(2)-A, -B, -C, -D].The 
<typeStatus id="54CD8821FF9AA549FD85092AFDED206E" box="[550,598,1307,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
series is deposited in the Natural History Museum (
<collectionCode id="ED67AE46FF9AA549FB3F092BFB4D206F" box="[1180,1270,1306,1330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">BMNH</collectionCode>
), London.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>