treatments-xml/data/C7/67/11/C76711991EA82450C9EC07FBA2336DE9.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.26944" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51ea1ad9-4980-41b7-9c4a-c287bd6ab379" ID-PMC="PMC6092472" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-779-119" ID-PubMed="30123025" ID-ZBK="A9C69D6359D84A4BA362966C463337B8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-779-119" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 779" ModsDocTitle="Araneusbonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae)" checkinTime="1533726998482" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Morano, Eduardo &amp; Bonal, Raul" docDate="2018" docId="C76711991EA82450C9EC07FBA2336DE9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 779: 119-145" docOrigin="ZooKeys 779" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.26944" docTitle="Araneus bonali Morano, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC47CE37-07D2-4957-A28E-F989CCBFBCF6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="7A5DFF9DFFAFFFC21E02FFB35E38FFCF" masterDocTitle="Araneusbonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1668166112775" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Araneusbonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Morano, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bonal, Raul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>779</mods:number>
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<mods:start>119</mods:start>
<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.26944</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.26944</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-779-119</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147228601" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC47CE37-07D2-4957-A28E-F989CCBFBCF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C76711991EA82450C9EC07FBA2336DE9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EC47CE37-07D2-4957-A28E-F989CCBFBCF6" authority="Morano" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali Morano</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="123">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Holotype. Female holotype collected by E. Morano in Spain (Map 1): Huecas (Toledo), 581 metres above sea level (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°). 27 Sep 2013 (collected by branch beating) (voucher number MNCN 20.02/17497, National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC), Madrid, Spain).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Paratypes. Collected in the same locality than the holotype but on different dates, the following 4 males &amp; 3 females. Coordinates and voucher numbers are shown: 1♂, 25 Sep 2012 (trunk traps), 570 m.a.s.l. (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°) (MNCN 20.02/17499); 1♀, 15 Oct 2012 (beating), 548 m.a.s.l. (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) (MNCN 20.02/17504); 1♂, 22 Oct 2012 (trunk traps), 548 m.a.s.l. (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) (MNCN 20.02/17500); 1♂, 30 Oct 2012 (trunk traps), 548 m.a.s.l. (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) (MNCN 20.02/17501); 1♀, 31 Oct 2012 (trunk traps), 564 m.a.s.l. (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°) (MNCN 20.02/17502); 1♂, 20 Aug 2013 (beating), 570 m.a.s.l. (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°) (MNCN 20.02/17498); 1♀, 27 Sep 2013 (trunk traps), 570 m.a.s.l. (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°) (MNCN 20.02/17503). All these individuals were deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC), Madrid, Spain (MNCN).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
Figure 1. Right palp of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A ventral B mesal C expanded pedipalp. Abbreviations: c - conductor; cy - cymbium; dh - distal hematodocha; e - embolus; fe - femur; ma - median apophysis; p - patella; r- radix; s - stipes, sta - subterminal apophysis; t - tegulum; ta - terminal apophysis, ti - tibia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
Figure 2. Epigyne and vulva of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A epygine lateral B idem, ventral C vulva, posterior. Abbreviations: bs - basal plate; co - copulatory opening; ct - copulatory tube; sc - scape; spt - spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="123" type="additional specimens studied">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Additional specimens studied</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
(Map 1). Spain. Ciudad Real: Piedrabuena, Bullaque river, &quot;Tabla de la Yedra&quot;, 551 m.a.s.l., (lat. 39.041°long. -4.230°), 07 August 97, 1♂ (beating) E. Morano leg (EMH-0899); Isla de Algeciras, P.N. Las Tablas de Daimiel, 617 m.a.s.l, (lat. 39.167°long. -3.661°), 15 July 2015, 2 imm (beating) &amp; 15 October 2015, 1♀ (beating), E. Morano leg (vials n°1522 &amp; 1936). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
: Dehesa Casablanca, Guijo de Granadilla, 405 m.a.s.l. (lat. 40.077°long. -6.097°), 02 November 2016, 1♀, (beating) Morano et al. leg (vial n°1489). Collected by E. Morano in the same year (2013) and locality (Huecas) than the holotype and paratypes but on different months the following specimens have been studied and deposited in the personal collection of Eduardo Morano: February, 1 imm (beating), (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°); May, 1 imm (beating) (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°); June, 7 imm (beating) (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) &amp; 8 imm (beating) (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°); July, 17 imm (beating) (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) &amp; 7 imm (beating) (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°); August, 1 imm (beating) (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) &amp; 1 imm (beating) (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°); September, 1 ♀ (beating) (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°) &amp; 1 ♀, 2♂ (trunk traps) (lat. 40.013°long. -4.213°); October, 1 ♂, 1 imm (beating) &amp; 1♀, 1♂ (trunk traps) (lat. 39.994°long. -4.216°).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">The specific name is dedicated to Dr. Raul Bonal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
Within the European fauna 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. resembles 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gibbaranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gibbaranea gibbosa" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">Gibbaranea gibbosa</taxonomicName>
(Walckenaer, 1802) due to its colouration (Figure 3) but does not have its characteristic humps on the opisthosoma. The design and greenish coloration of the opisthosoma and the lack of modifications in the male tibias II differentiates the new species from the small sized, and also usually collected in tree canopies, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sturmi" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="sturmi">A. sturmi</taxonomicName>
(Hahn, 1831) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. triguttatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="triguttatus">A. triguttatus</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1775). The structure and morphology of the median apophysis of the male palp and the scape and basal plate of the female epigyne of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
distinguishes it from any similar 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
Figure 3. Images of an 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. female and the surface of an oak trunk showing the lichen mimicry of this spider species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Female (holotype). Measurements of the holotype are shown (ranges for paratypes in parentheses). Total length: 6.0 (5.1-7.2); Prosoma length: 2.4 (2.0-2.5); Prosoma width: 2.5 (1.8-2.5); Opisthosoma length: 4.4 (3.6-4.4); Opisthosoma width: 4.0 (3.2-4.1). Eye diameter: AME: 0.125; ALE: 0.10; PME: 0.10; PLE: 0.075. Distance between eyes: AME - AME: 0.150; AME - ALE: 0.325; PME - PME: 0.125; PME - PLE: 0.375; AME - PME: 0.10; ALE - PLE: 0.05; Height from clypeus to AME: 0.05; Height from clypeus to ALE: 0.05.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Carapace covered by white hairs (Figs 3, 4). Greyish green cephalic area, with a pair of black side bands going from the ocular area to the fovea. Clypeus and sides of the cephalic area dark brown. Glabrous and cream-coloured posterior thoracic region, usually covered by the opisthosoma. Eight eyes in two transverse rows, the four ME arranged in a trapezoid widely separated from two LE. AME distance wider than PME, ME protrude frontally and AME slightly larger than PME (which have a narrow tapetum). Chilum absent. Chelicerae with a proximal boss, their base of the same dark colour than the ocular region and the clypeus. Chelicerae with three teeth in their margins, the median tooth smaller in both cases. Greyish green sternum with dark radial and central bands in the ventral side of the prosoma. Wider than longer labium with a distal white margin. Endites swollen, rebordered, and square, with white internal area, their length only slightly larger than their width. Both have the same colour than the sternum.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
Figure 4. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female under stereoscopic binocular microscope. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view (dimensions in mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="124" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
and relatively stout legs. The first pair the longest and the third the shortest; the second slightly longer than the fourth (Table 1). Dark green coxae and trochanters, rest of segments pale green. Brownish apical third of the femur, base dotted. Patellae usually dark brown, the rest of the segments with dark brown rings at the middle and end. Tarsi without trichobothria.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Table 1. Morphological measurements of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype. All measurements are given in millimetres. Leg formula: I&gt;II&gt;IV&gt;III.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<th colspan="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Holotype (♀)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">leg</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">segment</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">length</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">leg</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">segment</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">length</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="6">I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="6">III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">10.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="6">II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="6">IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="125">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="125" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
females, tibia I and II with 3-4 pairs of lateral spines and 5-6 pairs of ventral spines. Metatarsus I and II with 5-6 spines on the inner side and three basal spines on the outer side. However, the spines are an extremely variable character because they can be lost and may appear in unusual positions or vary with the dimensions of the segments (
<bibRefCitation author="Grasshoff, M" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenberg Gesellschaft fuer Naturforschung" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 100" title="Morphologische Kriterien als Ausdruck von Artgrenzen bei Radnetzspinnen der Subfamille Araneinae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae)." volume="516" year="1968">Grasshoff 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Berman, JD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="465 - 500" title="The orb weaver genus Neoscona in North America (Araneae: Araneidae)." volume="141" year="1971">Berman and Levi 1971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Carmichael, LD" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="62 - 69" title="Correlation between segment length and spine counts in two spider species of Araneus (Araneae: Araneidae)." volume="1973" year="1973">Carmichael 1973</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="126" start="start">Triangular</pageBreakToken>
opisthosoma slightly longer than wide, with brown setae. Folium with a black band and a narrow white line that marks the limit between the anterior spots, the posterior humps, and the greenish folium sides. Three pairs of sigillae, the two anterior ones larger. In females, two pairs of anterior humps, much smaller in males. General colouration mimetic with lichens and mosses, difficult to tell the spiders apart when on the oak branches and trunks. White ventral background with two dark lateral spots; two book lungs and an inconspicuous spiracle before the colulus, behind the colulus six spinnerets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Female genitalia. The scape of the epigyne short and wrinkled (Fig. 2A, B), with setae directed backwards on the surface. Straight scape ending in a spoon-shaped tip and attached to the basal epigynal plate by lateral sclerites. The basal plate or posterior piece as long as the epigyne, with a light tonality and rectangular-shaped, without paired basal lamellae. Ventral genital openings continued internally with the copulatory ducts that connect with the small elliptic spermathecae (Figure 2C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">Male (Paratypes). Ranges are shown (and mean values within parentheses) (Table 2). Total length: 3.2-4.3 (3.84); Prosoma length: 1.8-2.3 (2.10); Prosoma width: 1.3-2.1 (1.73); Opisthosoma length: 1.7-2.8 (2.28); Opisthosoma width: 1.2-2.0 (1.76). Eye diameter (average): AME: 0.125; ALE: 0.10; PME: 0.10; PLE: 0.075. Distance between eyes: AME - AME: 0.150; AME - ALE: 0.250; PME - PME: 0.125; PME - PLE: 0.325; AME - PME: 0.10; ALE - PLE: 0.05; Height from clypeus to AME: 0.05; Height from clypeus to ALE: 0.05.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
Table 2. Morphological measurements of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. paratypes. The values are in millimetres, indicating the minimum, the maximum and, in brackets, the average of each measure. Leg formula: I&gt;II&gt;IV&gt;III.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Dimensions</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Paratypes (4 ♂)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Paratypes (3 ♀)</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Dimensions</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Paratypes (4 ♂)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Paratypes (3 ♀)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">total length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">leg</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">segment</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">length</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="2">prosoma</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="6">I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="2">opisthosoma</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">8.3-10.3 (9.61)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">8.0-10.7 (9.36)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="6">II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">6.0-8.5 (7.56)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">6.5-9.0 (7.56)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="6">III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">3.4-4.6 (4.20)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">3.8-5.7 (4.63)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="6">IV</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Patella</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">Tarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">total</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">5.0-7.2 (6.23)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="126" rowspan="1">5.4-8.5 (6.67)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="7" pageNumber="126">
Male general appearance and colouration similar to females (Figure 5) but, according with the large sexual size dimorphism typical of araneids (Hormiga et al. 2000), males are 1.5 times smaller; males slender than females and with a smaller triangular opisthosoma. Light greenish humps, delimited by white lines that continue into the posterior folium. One tooth on the side of the endites. Leg colour identical between 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="127" start="start">sexes</pageBreakToken>
, but not their morphology. In males, coxa I has an apical curved hook distally that fits in into the corresponding groove of femur II during copulation. Tibias II curved and armed with four pairs of lateral spines. Metatarsus II with strong spines.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="127">
Figure 5. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. male under stereoscopic binocular microscope. A dorsal view B ventral view (dimensions in mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="127">Male genitalia (Figure 1). Palpus with two dorsal macrosetae (on the patella and on the tibia), palpal femur with a small ventral tubercle. Compact genital bulb attached at the base of the cymbium, reduced paracymbium with the standard araneid shape (hook or knob); tegulum covering the base of the palpus. Median apophysis comparatively short on the right side of the radix, with a spur and three distal teeth easy to observe in mesal view (Figure 1B). In this view, the stipe margin is serrated in the area close to the median apophysis. Embolus short, stout and curved towards the conductor and partially covered by the terminal apophysis. Conductor with a swollen distal margin and a large terminal apophysis ending in a fine and blunt tip. The expanded bulb (Figure 1C) shows the presence of radix, stipes, distal haematodocha, and subterminal apophysis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="128" type="phylogenetic analyses">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="128" start="start">Phylogenetic</pageBreakToken>
analyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
The blast of the nuclear 28SrRNA sequence of the new species recovered 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus angulatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">Araneus angulatus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus diadematus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadematus">Araneus diadematus</taxonomicName>
as the most closely related species (sequence similarity 99%). The 28S gene tree (Figure 6) showed that, except 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus dimidiatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">Araneus dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
(L. Koch, 1871), 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
spp. formed a nonexclusive clade, albeit with low support (PP = 0.64), that also include species from closely related genera such as 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Neoscona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoscona" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoscona</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1864 and 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Larinioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larinioides" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Larinioides</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
Figure 6. Gene tree of the nuclear gene 28SrRNA. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. underlined in red. Sequences for all species except 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. were downloaded from GenBank (accession codes shown besides the species name). Tree topology was inferred using Bayesian inference analyses (GTR + I + Gamma substitution model).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
The three specimens of the new species analysed yielded the same cox1 haplotype. The lowest uncorrected intraspecific genetic distance was 11.7%, to 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus alsine" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alsine">Araneus alsine</taxonomicName>
(Walckenaer, 1802). The average genetic distance among 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
species was 14.9%. The node support values of the concatenated tree were low and most relationships were unresolved. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bonali" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="bonali">A. bonali</taxonomicName>
formed a small clade with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. iviei" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="iviei">A. iviei</taxonomicName>
(Archer, 1951) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. alsine" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="alsine">A. alsine</taxonomicName>
, but with a very low support (PP = 0.55) (Figure 7). A clade including 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. diadematus" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="diadematus">A. diadematus</taxonomicName>
and eleven additional species, was recovered albeit with low support (PP = 0.82) (Figure 7). The results show that 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus angulatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">Araneus angulatus</taxonomicName>
and the new species are excluded in the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="diadematus" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rank="species" species="diadematus">diadematus</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
Figure 7. Concatenated mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear 28S genes phylogeny. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. underlined in green within the Holartic 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
sequences available at GenBank or BOLD (accession codes shown in Table 3). The red-coloured frame shows the clade corresponding to the 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus diadematus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadematus">Araneus diadematus</taxonomicName>
group. Tree topology was inferred using Bayesian inference analysis (GTR + I + Gamma substitution model).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Table 3. Accession codes for the mitochondrial cytochrome Oxidase I (cox1) and nuclear (28S) gene sequences downloaded from GenBank and BOLD (Barcoding of Life Datasystems) (BOLD sequences in bold characters).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<table pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">Cytochrome Oxidase I</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">28 S</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus acusisetus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acusisetus">Araneus acusisetus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817144.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN816939.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus alsine" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alsine">Araneus alsine</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KY268481.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus andrewsi" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewsi">Araneus andrewsi</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">BBUSE10611.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus angulatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">Araneus angulatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817138.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KC848983.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bicentenarius" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicentenarius">Araneus bicentenarius</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">CNSLH311-12.COI-5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">MH517392</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">MH493065</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bogotensis" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogotensis">Araneus bogotensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KR058594.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus corticarius" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corticarius">Araneus corticarius</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KF367835.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus detrimentosus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detrimentosus">Araneus detrimentosus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">BBUSE122211.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus diadematus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadematus">Araneus diadematus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KY017584.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KY016926.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus dimidiatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">Araneus dimidiatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KC849065.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KC848985.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus ejusmodi" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ejusmodi">Araneus ejusmodi</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817143.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN816938.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus gemmoides" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmoides">Araneus gemmoides</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">DQ146861.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus groenlandicola" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicola">Araneus groenlandicola</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">GU682824.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus guttulatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttulatus">Araneus guttulatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">CNKOK095-14.COI-5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus ishisawai" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishisawai">Araneus ishisawai</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817140.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN816935.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus iviei" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iviei">Araneus iviei</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KM837836.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus marmoreus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreus">Araneus marmoreus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817141.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">FJ525384.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus miniatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">Araneus miniatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">BBUSE179312.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus mitificus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitificus">Araneus mitificus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KY467247.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus monteryensis" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteryensis">Araneus monteryensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">BBUSE01411.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus nordmanii" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nordmanii">Araneus nordmanii</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">GU684587.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus omnicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omnicolor">Araneus omnicolor</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KP031493.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pegnia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pegnia">Araneus pegnia</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">BBUSE144212.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus poltyoides" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poltyoides">Araneus poltyoides</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">VAQTB01711.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus pratensis" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">Araneus pratensis</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KP653307.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus psittaccinus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psittaccinus">Araneus psittaccinus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">VAQTB01111.COI5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus quadratus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">Araneus quadratus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">FR775772.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus saevus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saevus">Araneus saevus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN309620.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus stella" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stella">Araneus stella</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817142.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN816937.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus sturmi" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sturmi">Araneus sturmi</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KY269282.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus thaddeus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaddeus">Araneus thaddeus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">HQ924458.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus tijuca" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tijuca">Araneus tijuca</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KT945066.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus trifolium" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifolium">Araneus trifolium</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">GU682571.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">FJ525384.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus triguttatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triguttatus">Araneus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KY269635.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus uyemurai" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uyemurai">Araneus uyemurai</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817137.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN816933.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus variegatus" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">Araneus variegatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN817139.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JN816934.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus venatrix" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venatrix">Araneus venatrix</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KR058592.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus vincibilis" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vincibilis">Araneus vincibilis</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KR058596</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus washingtoni" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoni">Araneus washingtoni</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">ARSO191-08.COI-5P</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus workmani" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="workmani">Araneus workmani</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">KR058597.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argiope aemula" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aemula">Argiope aemula</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">JX307083.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" rowspan="1">DQ018845</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="128">Habitat distribution and phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="9" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
is linked to trees, as not a single individual was collected in ground traps or in grasslands. The distribution 
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="129" start="start">patterns</pageBreakToken>
differed significantly between juveniles and adults though, as all juveniles (44 individuals) were collected in oak branches whereas most adults (66% of a total of 15 specimens) were captured in trunk traps (Figure 8; Chi = 6.66; df = 1; P &lt;0.01). Phenology also differed between age classes (Chi = 135; df = 3; P &lt;0.001). With the exception of one capture in February, the bulk of juveniles appeared in May and matured throughout spring and summer. Adult presence and reproduction was concentrated in the months of September and October and none were caught in winter (Figure 9).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
was collected in 18 of the 24 holm oaks sampled. The number of juveniles and adults caught at each oak were significantly related (F1, 22 = 31.41; P &lt;0.001). The total number of individuals trapped at each tree was unrelated with canopy surface (GLM Estimate = 0.001; Z = 0.35; P = 0.72) or the pairwise spatial distance between holm oaks (Mantel test R = -0.04; P = 0.62).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
Figure 8. Number of juveniles (grey bars) and adults (black bars) of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. collected on the tree trunks and branches.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="129">
Figure 9. Number of juveniles (grey bars) and adults (black bars) of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus bonali" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonali">Araneus bonali</taxonomicName>
sp. n. collected throughout the year.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>