628 lines
72 KiB
XML
628 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="30F32D78B2D2FD4FA345EF53ECACBA17" ID-CLB-Dataset="45696" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208938" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7698752c-1a93-49d0-bf6c-50a8357d38c5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208938" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460424781722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De, Nicole J." docDate="2012" docId="DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03155p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3155" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Psammochela tutiae De, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="2126FF87FFD07027FFC4CF1DDC31840B" masterDocTitle="On sand-bearing myxillid sponges, with a description of Psammochela tutiae sp. nov. (Poecilosclerida, Myxillina) from the northern Moluccas, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698330572080" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E0419CFADDDB38F5B9E14C9194B64DB9">On sand-bearing myxillid sponges, with a description of Psammochela tutiae sp. nov. (Poecilosclerida, Myxillina) from the northern Moluccas, Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A71C12BF2E8EE3284A6C89992D25F5B">De, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="59464BF3B7F11679C11D7DFAD6FE891B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B7EC6304C381EEC2ACE17D9C9405E505">
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<mods:date id="73537811FD58A31AB10670FDDDFFE5DA">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C0CFBF0E6ABDCDE517600FF2F08B87CB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C56F23E9F5F69F0C59343C2A3B83783E">3155</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="246DBCB2CC835C15D4D114039E035545">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3D6FBDD78E2D864B43ED8AB667284D5B" type="CLB-Dataset">45696</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0FD2DF54D5291EF42E5E14C0BD806702" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.208938</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="26061DBCC92FDD3FBC5E40F050A9E1A0" type="Zenodo-Dep">208938</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6173708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119428228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6173708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F87FFFFD17021FF53C854D8D5871F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="1DAC6562FFD17026FF53C854DD5E838F" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="550936E9FFD17026FF53C854DDC18368" blockId="1.[151,496,1865,1924]" box="[151,496,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="0E418185FFD17026FF53C854DDC18368" bold="true" box="[151,496,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD17026FF53C854DDC18368" bold="true" box="[151,496,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD17026FF53C854DDBD8368" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[151,396,1865,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD17026FF53C854DDBD8368" bold="true" box="[151,396,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD17026FE57C854DDC18368" box="[403,496,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="550936E9FFD17026FF53C871DD5E838F" blockId="1.[151,496,1865,1924]" box="[151,367,1900,1924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD17026FF5BC871DCC4838F" box="[159,245,1900,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,831,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,831,1789]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, Psammochela tutiae sp. nov., in situ photograph of holotype (photo Y. Tuti); B, preserved specimen (scale bar 5 cm); C, Light micrograph of ectosomal skeleton; D, Light micrograph of choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208939/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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–D, 2A–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1DAC6562FFD17024FF53C8A9DDD186DC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="550936E9FFD17025FF53C8A9DEE98517" blockId="1.[151,1435,1972,2032]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD17026FE4CC8A9DDDE83C7" box="[392,495,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD17026FE3BC8A8DE6283C7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[511,595,1973,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">RMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD17026FDA7C8A9DEAD83C7" box="[611,668,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">POR</collectionCode>
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. 5490,
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<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD17026FD3BC8A9DF5F83C7" box="[767,878,1972,1996]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, Halmahera mainland Tanjung Sidangolo, stat TER.020,
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<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD17026FECDC8C4DDAD83FB" box="[265,412,2008,2032]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="0.8943333">N 0°53'39.6"</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD17026FE6CC8C4DE6383FB" box="[424,594,2008,2032]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="1" value="127.491135">E 127°29'28.1"</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<date id="21081029FFD17026FD9AC8C5DED183FB" box="[606,736,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="2009-11-05">05-11-2009</date>
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, depth
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<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD17026FCF4C8C5DF4183FB" box="[816,880,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD17026FCF4C8C5DF5D83FB" box="[816,876,2008,2032]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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Fieldnr #TER20/
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<date id="21081029FFD17026FBF0C8C5D8B883FB" box="[1076,1161,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="09-05-11">051109</date>
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/241, coll.
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<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD17026FB3EC8C4D93F83FB" box="[1274,1294,2009,2032]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Y</collectingCountry>
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. Tuti
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<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FF03CF85DD0984BB" box="[199,312,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FE82CF85DDAB84A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[326,410,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">RMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FE61CF8ADDEE84A4" box="[421,479,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
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. 5509,
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<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FDF2CF8ADE9784A4" box="[566,678,151,175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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, Halmahera,
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<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FC85CF85DFA584A4" box="[833,916,152,175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Ternate</collectingCountry>
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Sulamadah I., stat TER.022,
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<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FB35CF85D94A84A4" box="[1265,1403,151,175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="0.86766666">N 0°52'3.6"</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FA4FCF85DD1D84DF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="127.32586">E 127°19'33.1"</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FEFECFA1DD8E84DF" box="[314,447,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="2009-11-06">06-11-2009</date>
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||
, depth
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||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FDD0CFA1DE6084DF" box="[532,593,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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, Fieldnr #TER22/
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||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FCE5CFA1DF4784DF" box="[801,886,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="09-06-11">061109</date>
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/260, coll. K. van Egmond;
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<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FB04CFA0D92584DF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[1216,1300,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">RMNH</collectionCode>
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||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FAD9CFA1D96684DF" box="[1309,1367,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
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||
. 5475
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||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FF53CFC2DD3684FC" box="[151,263,223,247]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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||
, Halmahera,
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||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FE5ECFC2DDD584FC" box="[410,484,223,247]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Tidore</collectingCountry>
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||
SW of Tobala, stat TER.019,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FCF6CFFDDFF784FC" box="[818,966,223,247]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="0.74905556">N 0°44'56.6"</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FC15CFFDD84F84FC" box="[977,1150,223,247]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="127.387085">E 127°23'13.5"</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<date id="21081029FFD27025FB4DCFC2D93D84FC" box="[1161,1292,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="2009-11-04">04-11-2009</date>
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||
, depth
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||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FA99CFC2D9A684FC" box="[1373,1431,223,247]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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, Fieldnr #TER19/
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<date id="21081029FFD27025FE91CE19DD9A8517" box="[341,427,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="09-04-11">041109</date>
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/226, coll. K. van Egmond.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF03CE3ADE548654" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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Other Material examined:
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<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FE3ACE35DFE98534" authority="Bowerbank, 1875" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1875" box="[510,984,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
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<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FE3ACE35DEDD854B" box="[510,748,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela rigida</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FD3BCE3ADFE18534" author="Bowerbank" box="[767,976,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296." type="proceedings paper" year="1875">Bowerbank, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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, unreg.
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||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FBF8CE35D85D854B" box="[1084,1132,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
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||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FBBCCE35D8FD8534" box="[1144,1228,296,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(as
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||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FAC1CE35DCEA856F" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
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||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FAC1CE35DCEA856F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halichondria rigida</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FF36CE51DEBF856F" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[242,654,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
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||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FF36CE51DDD5856F" box="[242,484,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FE37CE51DEB6856F" author="Ridley" box="[499,647,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 366 - 482, pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, pls 53 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unreg.
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FD23CE50DF26856E" box="[743,791,333,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FCDACE50DF43856F" box="[798,882,333,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FC63CE51D893856F" box="[935,1186,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FC63CE51D893856F" box="[935,1186,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Phoriospongia fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), Torres Strait, Northern Great Barrier Reef.
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||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FE66CE6DDF07858C" authority="Dendy, 1916" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1916" box="[418,822,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FE66CE6DDEAD8583" box="[418,668,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela elegans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FD60CE72DF07858C" author="Dendy" box="[676,822,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Dendy, A. (1916) Report on the non-Calcareous Sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905 - 6. Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar, 2, 93 - 146, pls I - IV." type="journal article" year="1916">Dendy, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FC86CE6DDF838583" box="[834,946,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FC7DCE6DD83C858C" box="[953,1037,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1920.12.9.36, Indian Ocean,
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||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FA9FCE72D9A9858C" box="[1371,1432,367,391]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FF53CE89DEBB85A7" authority="Dendy, 1896" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,650,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FF53CE89DDE485A7" box="[151,469,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela chaliniformis</emphasis>
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||
(Dendy, 1896)
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FD5FCE88DEDE85A7" box="[667,751,405,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1886:12:15:341 (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FC21CE89D8D385A7" box="[997,1250,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FC21CE89D8D385A7" box="[997,1250,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Dysidea chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FB3BCE89DDC585C4" authority="Hentschel, 1911" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1911" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FB3BCE89DD2B85DB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD27025FEE9CEAADDDD85C4" author="Hentschel" box="[301,492,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refString="Hentschel, E. (1911) Tetraxonida. 2. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume 3 (10), Fischer: Jena, pp. 279 - 393." type="journal article" year="1911">Hentschel, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FDC1CEAADE5C85C4" box="[517,621,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FDBDCEA5DE8785C4" box="[633,694,440,463]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
4414 (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FCF6CEA5D87C85DB" box="[818,1101,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FCF6CEA5D87C85DB" box="[818,1101,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Desmacidon psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FBADCEA5D9A585DB" box="[1129,1428,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FBADCEA5D9A585DB" box="[1129,1428,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FF53CEC1DCE485FF" box="[151,213,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FF19CEC1DD2685FF" box="[221,279,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
. 9463, Snellius II,
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FE28CEC1DE5C85FF" box="[492,621,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="1984-10-14">14.10.1984</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FDBDCEC1DED885FF" box="[633,745,476,500]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sulawesi, NE Take Bone Rate, stn. 222, 06°31.5’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FAEECEC1D9AD85FF" box="[1322,1436,476,500]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-121.13333">S 121°08’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
E,
|
||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FF71CEE2DCC1861C" box="[181,240,511,535]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="58.0">58 m</quantity>
|
||
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest.
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FDC8CD1DDF3D8613" box="[524,780,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FDC8CD1DDF398613" box="[524,776,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">Psammochela elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FCD7CD1DDF608613" box="[787,849,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="33A7AE2CFFD27025FC9CCEE2DFA3861C" box="[856,914,511,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
. 9053, Snellius II
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD27025FB98CEE2D8EC861C" box="[1116,1245,511,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" value="1984-09-16">16.09.1984</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD27025FB23CEE2D966861C" box="[1255,1367,511,535]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Nusa Tenggara, NE Coast of Sumba, stn. 0 68, 09°57’
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3082502EFFD27025FD75CD39DF138637" box="[689,802,548,572]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-120.8">S 120°48’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
E, light red, sandy bottom with sponges and gorgonians, dredged at
|
||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FED7CD5ADD7F8654" box="[275,334,583,607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF03CD71DE5D871F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Description. Shape: The
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD27025FE1BCD71DE70868F" box="[479,577,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
consists of a part of a larger specimen (see fig. 1a and 1b). The specimen is bushy with anastomosing thorny branches with pointy endings. Raised oscules (diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FB7FCD92D92A86AC" box="[1211,1307,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) along one side of the branch every
|
||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FE6DCDA9DDCE86C7" box="[425,511,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The surface is irregularly rugose and smooth in between and the ectosomal reticulation is clearly visible in live and preserved specimens. Colour is pale salmon pink to light orange alive, grayish in spirit. The texture is compressible, brittle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01C96661FFD27025FF53C810D8548349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208939/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[151,1432,831,1788]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF53C810D8548349" blockId="2.[151,1437,1805,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FF53C810DD228328" bold="true" box="[151,275,1805,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD27025FEFCC813DE37832F" box="[312,518,1806,1828]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD27025FEFCC813DE37832F" box="[312,518,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD27025FDC8C812DE67832F" box="[524,598,1807,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, in situ photograph of holotype (photo Y. Tuti); B, preserved specimen (scale bar 5 cm); C, Light micrograph of ectosomal skeleton; D, Light micrograph of choanosomal skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD27025FF03C872D8E583F8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1903,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Skeleton. Ectosomal skeleton consists of a large irregular meshed reticulation outlined by large sand grains, other foreign material and thin strongyles, meshes
|
||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD27025FD19C88EDF7683A0" box="[733,839,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter with few microscleres in the soft tissue between the fibres. Choanosomal skeleton is an isotropic to irregular reticulation of spicule tracts mixed with foreign material. The mega-and microscleres are obscured by the large size of the foreign materials.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01C96661FFD37024FF53CF85D9178563" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF53CF85D9178563" blockId="3.[151,1319,152,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FF53CF85DD3984BB" bold="true" box="[151,264,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) among specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD37024FC63CF84D8B184BB" box="[935,1152,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FC63CF84D8B184BB" box="[935,1152,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FF61CFD7D92784D4" box="[165,1302,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Specimen Locality Strongyles Sigma I Sigma II chelae</emphasis>
|
||
RMNH 5409* Halmahera 125–142 x 2.5 25–32.5 12.5–20 15–17.5 RMNH 5509 Ternate 120–140 x 2.5 27.5–40 15–20 17.5–20 RMNH 5475 Tidore 137.5–155 x 2.5 30–35 15–17.5 15–17.5
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF53CE9CDD33859D" blockId="3.[151,1319,152,406]" box="[151,258,384,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
*
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD37024FF6ECE9DDD33859D" box="[170,258,384,406]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CEDEDF5585F4" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Spicules. Thin strongyles (120–155 x 2.5 μm), two sizes of sigmas (
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD37024FC00CEDED82A85D0" box="[964,1051,451,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1940-01-25">I 25–40</date>
|
||
μm; II 12.5–20 μm) and spatulate and/or equianchorate chelae (15–20 μm) (see table 1 and fig. 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CD16DF1D8628" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" box="[199,812,523,547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Ecology. Reef slopes and sandy bottom
|
||
<quantity id="924E9B0CFFD37024FD43CD16DED88628" box="[647,745,523,547]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 m</quantity>
|
||
deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CD32DDB78660" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Geographic distribution. Specimens were found near the island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FC6DCD2DDFCE864C" box="[937,1023,560,583]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Ternate</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FBCECD32D865864C" box="[1034,1108,559,583]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Tidore</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Halmahera in the northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FF53CD4EDD368660" box="[151,263,595,619]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FED6CD4EDDB28660" box="[274,387,595,619]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF03CD6ADDD186DC" blockId="3.[151,1436,449,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Etymology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD37024FE95CD6ADE068684" box="[337,567,631,655]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FE95CD6ADE068684" box="[337,567,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is named after Ir. Yosephine Tuti, who collected and photographed the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD37024FAA8CD65D9AD869B" box="[1388,1436,632,656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. She is also acknowledged for all the logistic support provided in the past years to make our biodiversity studies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD37024FECDCDA2DD4786DC" box="[265,374,703,727]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="01C96661FFD37024FF53C89ED9B883B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[525,1061,780,1901]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD37024FF53C89ED9B883B7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1923,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FF53C89EDD238392" bold="true" box="[151,274,1923,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD37024FEDCC899DDD78391" box="[280,486,1924,1946]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD37024FEDCC899DDD78391" box="[280,486,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD37024FE28C898DE058391" box="[492,564,1925,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographies of spicules made from the holotype and paratype. A, Strongyle; B, Anchorate chelae RMNH 5509; C, RMNH 5490; D, Sigma I; E, sigma II (scale bars 10 µm, except B, C 5 µm)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1DAC6562FFD47021FF03CF85D8D5871F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FF03CF85D94B86DD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,607]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1402,656,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF03CF85DD9F84BB" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[199,430,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF03CF85DD9F84BB" box="[199,430,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by its bushy growth form, thin strongyles and absence of polydentate chelae. Only five other species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FD54CFA1DF1C84DF" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[656,813,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FD54CFA1DF1C84DF" box="[656,813,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presently recognized:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FB9CCFA0D9AD84DF" authority="Bowerbank, 1875" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1875" box="[1112,1436,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FB9CCFA0D88984DF" box="[1112,1208,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FB0DCFA1D9A584DF" author="Bowerbank" box="[1225,1428,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296." type="proceedings paper" year="1875">Bowerbank, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FE98CFC2DD8C84FC" box="[348,445,223,247]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FE0CCFFCDEE884FC" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[456,729,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FE0CCFFCDE0084F3" box="[456,561,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FDFBCFC2DEE084FC" author="Ridley" box="[575,721,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 366 - 482, pls 39 - 43; 582 - 630, pls 53 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FC94CFC2DF8B84FC" box="[848,954,223,247]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FC00CFFCD92684FC" authority="Carter, 1885" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1885" box="[964,1303,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FC00CFFCD84484F3" box="[964,1141,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FB46CFC2D93E84FC" author="Carter" box="[1154,1295,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Carter, H. J. (1885) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 196 - 222." type="journal article" year="1885">Carter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FF53CE19DD308517" box="[151,257,260,284]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FEC8CE18DE188517" ID-CoL="4NC32" authority="Dendy, 1916" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1916" box="[268,553,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FEC8CE18DD4F8517" box="[268,382,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FE4ACE19DE118517" author="Dendy" box="[398,544,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Dendy, A. (1916) Report on the non-Calcareous Sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905 - 6. Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar, 2, 93 - 146, pls I - IV." type="journal article" year="1916">Dendy, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FD62CE19DED18517" box="[678,736,260,284]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FCD3CE18D8B68517" ID-CoL="4NC34" authority="Hentschel, 1911" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1911" box="[791,1159,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FCD3CE18DF868517" box="[791,951,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FC02CE19D84E8517" author="Hentschel" box="[966,1151,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Hentschel, E. (1911) Tetraxonida. 2. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Volume 3 (10), Fischer: Jena, pp. 279 - 393." type="journal article" year="1911">Hentschel, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from SW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FB3BCE19D95B8517" box="[1279,1386,260,284]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. For the present study I re-examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FD80CE35DE45854B" box="[580,628,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of all species and discovered some crucial differences in spicule combination and dimensions deviating from the original descriptions. In addition I examined as comparative material some recent specimens deposited at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FAEBCE72D9AD858C" box="[1327,1436,367,391]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="18340352FFD47023FF5ACE89DCC385A7" box="[158,242,404,428]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,656,680]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) among species of Psammochela" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD47023FED1CE89DD6985A7" box="[277,344,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1405,155,1853]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, Unreg. type BMNH Psammochela rigida (Bowerbank, 1875 as Halichondria); C – D, unreg. type BMNH Psammochela fibrosa (Ridley, 1884 as Phoriospongia); E – F, ZMB 4414 Psammochela psammodes (Hentschel, 1911 as Desmacidon) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G – J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of P. e l e g a n s; I Psammochela psammodes ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FE5BCE88DDFE85A6" box="[415,463,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FDABCE88DEEE85A7" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[623,735,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FDABCE88DEEE85A7" box="[623,735,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FCD1CE88DFF485A7" box="[789,965,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FCD1CE88DFF485A7" box="[789,965,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have already been depicted and discussed in the recent revision of the classification of sponges (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FCABCEAAD83A85C4" author="Soest" box="[879,1035,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 602 - 620." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Soest, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:618, fig.11), however the spicule measurements deviated somewhat from the present ones (see table 2).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FC6ECEC1D8D285FF" ID-CoL="4NC2Z" box="[938,1251,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FC6ECEC1D8D285FF" box="[938,1251,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela chaliniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very different from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FE8ECD1DDDD68613" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[330,487,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FE8ECD1DDDD68613" box="[330,487,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species; the megascleres are completely replaced by sand grains and it has only polydentate unguiferate isochelae. These chelae differ subtly from those in other species: the shaft is rather straight and the alae are shorter, more numerous and pointy (fig.3 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FC8BCD55D8278654" author="Van" box="[847,1046,583,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 602 - 620." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Van Soest, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:618, fig.11L). Although Burton specimen source megasclers Sigma I Sigma II Chelae I Chelae II
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01C96661FFD47023FF53CD8DD82B86A3" box="[151,1050,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FF53CD8DD82B86A3" blockId="4.[151,1402,656,726]" box="[151,1050,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF53CD8DDD3986A3" bold="true" box="[151,264,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FC41CD8CD82B86A3" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[901,1050,657,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Psammochela</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FBB8CC1DD95D87CD" blockId="4.[151,1414,768,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Anchorate polydentate
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF0FCC31DD00874A" box="[203,305,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF0FCC31DD16874A" box="[203,295,811,833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">P. rigida</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
b Styles 150–175 x 5–6
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCA8CC31D824874A" box="[876,1045,811,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1940-11-30">30–40 11</date>
|
||
–15 20–22.5 9–
|
||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA8FCC31D954874A" box="[1355,1381,812,833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">11</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CC45DD078766" box="[198,310,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CC45DD1C8766" box="[198,301,855,877]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">P. fibrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a Styles 160–190 32 - 22 -
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CC99DD078792" box="[198,310,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CC99DD1C8792" box="[198,301,899,921]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">P. fibrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
b (aniso) Strongyles 140–155
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCC5CC99DF4A8791" box="[769,891,900,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1930-10-05">x5 30</date>
|
||
–37.5 10–12.5 17.5– 22.5 8–
|
||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA8FCC98D9548791" box="[1355,1381,901,922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">10</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF62CCADDD6787CE" box="[166,342,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF62CCADDD7D87CE" ID-CoL="4NC2Z" box="[166,332,943,965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chaliniformis">P. chaliniformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
c - - - - 10–12
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47023FE52CCC6D82D8153" blockId="4.[151,1414,768,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
b - 12.5–17.5
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CB1ADD048016" box="[198,309,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CB1ADD1D8016" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[198,300,1031,1053]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">P.elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a Styles (strongylote)160 x 5–
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCBBCB15DFA98016" box="[895,920,1032,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1933-12-24">33</date>
|
||
12 24
|
||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FAFACB15DCEA8041" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CB29DCEA8041" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[198,219,1076,1098]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CB29DCEA8041" box="[198,219,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
elegans* b Styles 145–160
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FD42CB2BDF4A8041" box="[646,891,1077,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1930-10-05">x 5 30</date>
|
||
–37.5 10–15 21.5–22.5 10–12.5
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF02CB7DDD04807D" box="[198,309,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF02CB7DDD1D807D" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[198,300,1120,1142]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">P.elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
c Styles 160 x 5–7 50
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FBCBCB7CD966807D" box="[1039,1367,1120,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1912-12-24" valueMax="1912-12-25" valueMin="1912-12-24">12 24–25 12</date>
|
||
ZMA.9053 b Styles 155–180 x 5 30–
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FC57CB90DF9D80A8" box="[915,940,1165,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1935-10-20">35</date>
|
||
10 20–22.5
|
||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA80CB90DCF480C4" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
|
||
8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF6BCBA7DCF480C4" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[175,197,1210,1231]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF6BCBA7DCF480C4" box="[175,197,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
psammodes* a (aniso) Strongyles 136–166
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCA8CBA4D80D80C4" box="[876,1084,1208,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1932-10-25" valueMax="1932-12-25" valueMin="1932-10-25">25–32 10–12</date>
|
||
15–17 9–
|
||
<specimenCount id="43B0FD60FFD47023FA8FCBA7D95480C4" box="[1355,1381,1210,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">10</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FF6BCBFBDD7F80F0" box="[175,334,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FF6BCBFBDD7580F0" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[175,324,1253,1275]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">P. psammodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
b (aniso) Strongyles 145–175 x 2.5
|
||
<date id="21081029FFD47023FCA8CBF8D83A80F0" box="[876,1035,1252,1275]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" value="1925-10-30">25–30 10</date>
|
||
–12.5 13–17.5 8–12.5 ZMA.9463 b (aniso) Strongyles 160–175 25–35 12.5–17.5 13–17.5 10–12.5 *
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FF65CA5EDCFE8153" box="[161,207,1347,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. Abbreviations: a) original description, b) present study, c) van Soest, 2002
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD47021FF53CA95DF7685A7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1416,2017]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
(1934) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FE40CA97DDC481AA" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[388,501,1417,1441]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FE40CA97DDC481AA" box="[388,501,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FDF0CA97DEAB81AA" box="[564,666,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. f i b ro s a</emphasis>
|
||
, there are some clear differences between the two species. Strangely enough, the original description by Ridley misses the small polydentate chelae and the second category of sigmas. More importantly, the megascleres consist of strongyles and aniso(strongyles) instead of styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD47023FB16CACDD93F81E3" box="[1234,1294,1488,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1405,155,1853]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, Unreg. type BMNH Psammochela rigida (Bowerbank, 1875 as Halichondria); C – D, unreg. type BMNH Psammochela fibrosa (Ridley, 1884 as Phoriospongia); E – F, ZMB 4414 Psammochela psammodes (Hentschel, 1911 as Desmacidon) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G – J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of P. e l e g a n s; I Psammochela psammodes ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig.3</figureCitation>
|
||
d). He might have confused alien styles as real megascleres. This species is therefore more related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FB5ECAEBD90A8206" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[1178,1339,1525,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FB5ECAEBD90A8206" box="[1178,1339,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the latter species has smaller microscleres (both sigmas and chelae) and I believe that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FBA7C907D8E5823A" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[1123,1236,1561,1585]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FBA7C907D8E5823A" box="[1123,1236,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FACDC907D95E823A" box="[1289,1391,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. f i b ro s a</emphasis>
|
||
are valid species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FEF2C923DDA6825E" box="[310,407,1597,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FEF2C923DDA6825E" box="[310,407,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD47023FDADC921DF0C825F" author="Bowerbank" box="[617,829,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1875) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part VII. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 281 - 296." type="proceedings paper" year="1875">Bowerbank (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FBD5C921D841825F" box="[1041,1136,1596,1620]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||
as a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FB6FC920D973825E" box="[1195,1346,1597,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FB6FC920D973825E" box="[1195,1346,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Halichondria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and he described ‘tension spicule acuate’ (=styles); rather numerous ‘bihamate spicula’ (=sigmas), simple and contort, rare, rather stout ‘bidentate equianchorates’ (=anchorate chelae). The sponge itself is massive and the surface is rugged, uneven and full of ridges and depressions. After examining the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FC06C9B4DFC382CA" box="[962,1010,1705,1729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FBDDC9B7D84882CA" box="[1049,1145,1705,1729]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FBDDC9B7D84882CA" box="[1049,1145,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I conclude that it is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FECCC9D3DD4882EE" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[264,377,1741,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FECCC9D3DD4882EE" box="[264,377,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and might be a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FCC7C9D3DF4582EE" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[771,884,1741,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FCC7C9D3DF4582EE" box="[771,884,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FC71C9D0DFD482EE" box="[949,997,1741,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of both are also close to each other (NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FECAC9EDDD798303" box="[270,328,1776,1800]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA17679FFD47023FE25C9EDDE748303" box="[481,581,1776,1800]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The shapes of all
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FCDAC9ECDF7F8302" box="[798,846,1777,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens were more or less similar, being massive to irregularly shaped with digitate processes. The ectosomal skeletons of all specimens are also very similar having a tight meshed reticulation of fine sand grains and can therefore not be used as distinguishing character among species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD8D2A6CFFD47023FF33C841DD09837F" box="[247,312,1884,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1405,155,1853]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A – B, Unreg. type BMNH Psammochela rigida (Bowerbank, 1875 as Halichondria); C – D, unreg. type BMNH Psammochela fibrosa (Ridley, 1884 as Phoriospongia); E – F, ZMB 4414 Psammochela psammodes (Hentschel, 1911 as Desmacidon) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G – J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of P. e l e g a n s; I Psammochela psammodes ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G, I). Species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD47023FDAFC840DF39837E" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[619,776,1885,1909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD47023FDAFC840DF39837E" box="[619,776,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not often observed during biodiversity surveys and the specimens collected during the present study show some variation in the abundance of the microscleres as often observed in some Poecilosclerid sponges. For instance,
|
||
<typeStatus id="8A0D884BFFD47023FCC1C8B8DF5783B6" box="[773,870,1957,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
RMNH POR.5475 has only few chelae in contrast with the other specimens, thus showing the difficulty in identifying this species despite its very characteristic outer morphology. The polydentate chelae were observed in all species, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FBEDCF84D8BA84BB" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[1065,1163,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FBEDCF84D8BA84BB" box="[1065,1163,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">P. tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD67021FB53CF85D8C484A4" box="[1175,1269,152,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and are very numerous in the interstitial membranes of the choanosomal skeleton together with the sigmas. On the other hand, all species have spatulate anchorate chelae, characteristic of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FCB7CFC2DFC084FC" ID-CoL="84KJH" box="[883,1009,223,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Myxillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these are not very numerous and are hard to detect among the foreign material. A striking similarity is observed in the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FB35CE18DDE78534" ID-CoL="34ZZ4" authority="Van Soest, 1998" authorityName="Van Soest" authorityYear="1998" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FB35CE18DCCF854B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD67021FECACE35DDE78534" author="Van" box="[270,470,295,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Van Soest, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FDDBCE35DF13854B" ID-CoL="4NC32" box="[543,802,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FDDBCE35DF13854B" box="[543,802,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Psammochela elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species cannot be distinguished by the outer morphology and the same holds true for both the ectosomal and choanosomal skeleton. The only difference lies in the morphology of the spicules;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE3BCE6CDF268583" ID-CoL="34ZZ4" box="[511,791,369,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FE3BCE6CDF268583" box="[511,791,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has exclusively hastate oxeote megascleres and two sizes of anchorate chelae and sigmas, but lacks polydentate chelae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01C96661FFD57022FF53C852DDC583E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208941/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[200,1403,155,1852]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD57022FF53C852DDC583E8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1870,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FF53C852DD24836F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1871,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
A–B, Unreg. type BMNH
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FDF7C852DF36836E" ID-CoL="4NC36" box="[563,775,1871,1893]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FDF7C852DF36836E" box="[563,775,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela rigida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bowerbank, 1875 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FC30C852D84D836E" box="[1012,1148,1871,1893]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FC30C852D84D836E" box="[1012,1148,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halichondria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); C–D, unreg. type BMNH
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FF53C872DD49838E" ID-CoL="4NC33" box="[151,376,1903,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FF53C872DD49838E" box="[151,376,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela fibrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ridley, 1884 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FDFBC872DEE4838E" ID-CoL="84S4J" box="[575,725,1903,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Phoriospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FDFBC872DEE4838E" box="[575,725,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Phoriospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); E–F, ZMB 4414
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FC69C872D88C838E" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[941,1213,1903,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FC69C872D88C838E" box="[941,1213,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hentschel, 1911 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FF53C892DD2483AE" ID-CoL="84N55" box="[151,277,1935,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FF53C892DD2483AE" box="[151,277,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Desmacidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (scale bars SEM, strongyle & style 20 µm; sigma I 10 µm; chelae, sigma II, tip strongyle 5 µm; G–J, Light micrographies. G, Ectosomal skeleton and H, choanosomal skeleton of
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FC48C8B2DFCD83CF" box="[908,1020,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">P. e l e g a n s;</emphasis>
|
||
I
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD57022FBD8C8B3D91B83CF" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[1052,1322,1966,1988]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD57022FBD8C8B3D91B83CF" box="[1052,1322,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Psammochela psammodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ectosomal skeleton, J, choanosomal skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="550936E9FFD67021FF03CEAAD8D5871F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The species,
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FE93CEA4DE5D85DB" box="[343,620,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE93CEA4DDF285DB" ID-CoL="4NC33" box="[343,451,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fibrosa">P. fibrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE0ACEA4DE5D85DB" ID-CoL="4NC34" box="[462,620,440,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammodes">P. psammodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FD65CEA4DECD85DB" ID-CoL="4NC37" box="[673,764,441,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tutiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FD65CEA4DECD85DB" box="[673,764,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">P. tutiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7CF15780FFD67021FCC6CEA5DF6985C4" box="[770,856,440,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
share thin strongyles also observed with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FAE6CEA5DC8585FF" ID-CoL="84MC6" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FAE6CEA5DC8585FF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Chondropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the present species all have chelae. Looking more closely at
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FC00CEC1D86385FF" ID-CoL="84MC6" box="[964,1106,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FC00CEC1D86385FF" box="[964,1106,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Chondropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of the 13 species currently assigned to the genus, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FE15CD1DDEF88613" ID-CoL="5XZM9" box="[465,713,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FE15CD1DDEF88613" box="[465,713,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Chondropsis australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FD3ECD1DDFDE8613" box="[762,1007,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FD3ECD1DDFDE8613" box="[762,1007,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Desmacidon australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) contains reduced thin isochelae (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD67021FF53CD39DD178637" author="Soest" box="[151,294,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 b) Family Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 572 - 574." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Soest 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this species clearly has an irregular plumose arrangement characteristic for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FB28CD39D9A88637" ID-CoL="84K2K" box="[1260,1433,548,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondropsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the six species united here under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FD68CD55DF78866B" ID-CoL="84SV7" box="[684,841,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Psammochela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="67C2EAFBFFD67021FD68CD55DF78866B" box="[684,841,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Psammochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the presence of a reticulate skeleton of sand grains and/or of megascleres and anchorate chelae and/or polydentate chelae. In other respects they show considerable differences and their relationships with members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FC91CD92DFCE86AC" ID-CoL="84K2K" box="[853,1023,655,679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondropsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B64D6AFFD67021FBFDCD92D8E986AC" ID-CoL="84K59" box="[1081,1240,655,679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Desmacididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unclear. Further research on evolutionary signal contained in different classes of morphological characters (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="31274B18FFD67021FAFCCDA9DD7D86E4" author="Hajdu" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Hajdu, E. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1996) Choosing among Poriferan morphological characters within the cladistic paradigm. Pp. 81 - 88. In: Willenz, Ph. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Sponge Biodiversity Inventory and Documentation. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Biologie, 66 (supplement), 1 - 24" type="journal article" year="1996">Hajdu & Van Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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) coupled to the search for molecular markers may eventually yield more objective criteria for decisions on which competing character states may best direct genus assignments in the sand-sponges.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |