249 lines
35 KiB
XML
249 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="B9C205C548E16D3D0A6021C349178A53" ID-CLB-Dataset="26158" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4645.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a68c09f-52e1-4378-90cf-1558f7252663" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3345447" ID-ZooBank="01C0687D-D282-4E0C-8C3E-C2E70956C493" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563784763385" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sharifi, Negar Mir, Graham, Liam & Packer, Laurence" docDate="2019" docId="396B7E7CFFD13B4D7595FD3BC6E9F956" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4645.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4645 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Liphanthus discolor Sharifi & Graham & Packer 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3A8F19FE-3712-4AA1-877A-0029282A9FD1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="C5520604FFC33B597502FF8EC25FFFE9" masterDocTitle="Fifteen new species of Liphanthus Reed (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) with two submarginal cells" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698746939489" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B06E999BFD3B1D4BD7AD330E36167B50" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="73334DFC686F69467871AA9A5FDDE081">
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<mods:title id="82115F834D20925E8DD873985B048523">Fifteen new species of Liphanthus Reed (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) with two submarginal cells</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B47202E0265AF29476716B12564A149F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="26D81E7C8EC6C3B023D2B82C7EB5806C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4461227EBE9CF869488E9A744F2BC0B3">Sharifi, Negar Mir</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="92BF77EA7809945027D3EC538C321124">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9F91ABA7AA9B2CBAD765261D16A3FD8B">Graham, Liam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D6B34CD998658CBFC3E0457BDA3ED3FF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FFC3520CE1B8989A4297B11424E12A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0D143A546D7E4AA85BA1D55C82A5D668">Packer, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C787BAFFB9F8EB3DA6A77EF547510BF4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2543932D43793609ABCBD97B28DFEC05">
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<mods:title id="AC57D74CBC0006A5398DF691ABB52E87">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CD304478F9831832A94820855082A52D">
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<mods:date id="A3C2E84D8135F04A8D3235CAADB99C0A">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D5A345D00611527F2B56E66B768E4A2">2019-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6D84D17896D4946564D8D2D920758A2C">4645</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="23D34E067972AA012BE7BEA530567C34" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D04ABCE99490AA89A521FF7F4B322EFA">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5A1F577C595393ECAF8F532B2C2E204F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="40D614BE715BC56824734BC61A7F3AFD" type="CLB-Dataset">26158</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="17CA3B61E147FE319D661EB3FE28AF0E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4645.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="847DFC5747667D031B025FCA8439AF64" type="GBIF-Dataset">0a68c09f-52e1-4378-90cf-1558f7252663</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DE31585B2A716917FAAA431B8BE7D5ED" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25B6E1A4FF98EF22F2E8EDD117FEC973" type="Zenodo-Dep">3345447</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7CA61B8EF7F6E42B1134718A40AB9420" type="ZooBank">01C0687D-D282-4E0C-8C3E-C2E70956C493</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="396B7E7CFFD13B4D7595FD3BC6E9F956" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942955" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158756606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942955" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A8F19FE-3712-4AA1-877A-0029282A9FD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/396B7E7CFFD13B4D7595FD3BC6E9F956" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="F9D89CE1FFD13B4B7595FD3BC19DFD1A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B7595FD3BC156FD26" blockId="18.[151,962,693,791]" box="[151,777,693,720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="EA357806FFD13B4B7595FD3BC156FD26" bold="true" box="[151,777,693,720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B7595FD3BC156FD26" bold="true" box="[151,777,693,720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD13B4B7595FD3BC0C1FD26" authority="Mir Sharifi & Packer" authorityName="Sharifi & Graham & Packer" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,670,693,720]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B7595FD3BC3D4FD39" bold="true" box="[151,395,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Liphanthus discolor</emphasis>
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Mir Sharifi & Packer
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9885AE03FFD13B4B77A9FD3BC156FD26" box="[683,777,693,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B7595FD57C19DFD1A" blockId="18.[151,962,693,791]" box="[151,962,729,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<uri id="C553C368FFD13B4B7595FD57C19DFD1A" box="[151,962,729,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="C564F5BFFFD13B4B74A9FD57C19DFD1A" box="[427,962,729,755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3A8F19FE-3712-4AA1-877A-0029282A9FD1</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F9D89CE1FFD13B4B7595FD73C3CCFCFE" box="[151,403,765,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B7595FD73C3CCFCFE" blockId="18.[151,962,693,791]" box="[151,403,765,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B7595FD73C341FCFE" box="[151,286,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–40" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 34–40. Liphanthus discolor sp. nov., holotype, 34: lateral habitus, 35: face frontal view, 36: upper paraocular area to show absence of facial fovea (arrow to area where this occurs in related species, compare to Figs. 22 & 43), 37: metasomal venter to show brownish colouration and reduced yellow on reflexed portions of terga, 38: S7, 39: S8, 40: genital capsule. Scale bars Figs. 34–35 & 37 1mm, Fig. 36 0.25mm, Figs. 38–40 0.125mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345463/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 34–40</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B742BFD73C30AFCFE" box="[297,341,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 128–132" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1506,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[151,1435,181,1486]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 128–132. 128: L. sapos metasoma oblique ventral view to show yellow sterna and ventrally reflexed portions of terga, 129: L. discolor metasoma in ventral view to show sterna suffused with brown and pale marks on reflexed portions only on more apical terga (arrows), 130: L. molavi—metasoma in lateral view to show dark metasomal sterna and lateral margins of terga, 131: L. jenamro mandible to show tuft of specialized hairs where lamellate outer ridge (red arrow) meets ventral margin, 132: L. molavi mandible to show unmodified outer ridge (red arrow) and absence of tuft of specialized hairs. Scale bars Figs.128–130 0.5mm, Figs. 131–132 0.25mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345503/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">129</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B7463FD73C3D1FCFE" box="[353,398,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 137–138" captionStartId="61.[151,264,608,633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,588]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1435,181,588]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 137–138. Liphanthus sp. ventral view of metasoma: 137: L. discolor holotype to show brown suffused sterna and lack of pale marking laterally on T2 (arrow); 138: L. sapos to show lack of brown suffusion on metasomal sterna and yellow lateral tergal markings that extend also to T2 (arrow). Scale bars 0.5mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">137</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F9D89CE1FFD13B4D7595FCCAC6E9F956" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B7595FCCAC31BFC06" blockId="18.[151,1437,836,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B7595FCCAC34BFCB6" bold="true" box="[151,276,836,863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Males of this species can be differentiated from most others of the genus by the combination of two submarginal cells, metatibial spurs straight, S2 and S3 with straight posterior margins (
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B7164FCE7C6E8FC6A" box="[1126,1207,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–40" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 34–40. Liphanthus discolor sp. nov., holotype, 34: lateral habitus, 35: face frontal view, 36: upper paraocular area to show absence of facial fovea (arrow to area where this occurs in related species, compare to Figs. 22 & 43), 37: metasomal venter to show brownish colouration and reduced yellow on reflexed portions of terga, 38: S7, 39: S8, 40: genital capsule. Scale bars Figs. 34–35 & 37 1mm, Fig. 36 0.25mm, Figs. 38–40 0.125mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345463/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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) and ventral surface of the mandibles bearing a tuft of branched hairs at midlength (as in
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B769CFC03C1BDFC4E" box="[926,994,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1816,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,519,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,519,1796]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Unusual morphological features of some Liphanthus species. 1: L. jenamro sp. nov. ESEM of frontal area of holotype male to show minutely and densely tuberculate microsculpture, 2: L. jenamro ESEM of frontal area of allotype female to show acinose (bracket) to minutely and densely tuberculate microsculpture, 3: L. jenamro mandibles of a paratype male to show tuft of specialized hairs at the junction of the outer ridge and ventral margin, note the long branches on one side of the rachis only. Scale bars Figs. 1–2 100μm, Fig. 3 0.25mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345449/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). It differs from other species with two submarginal cells and a tufted mandible in lacking a facial fovea (
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B7679FC3FC192FC25" box="[891,973,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–40" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 34–40. Liphanthus discolor sp. nov., holotype, 34: lateral habitus, 35: face frontal view, 36: upper paraocular area to show absence of facial fovea (arrow to area where this occurs in related species, compare to Figs. 22 & 43), 37: metasomal venter to show brownish colouration and reduced yellow on reflexed portions of terga, 38: S7, 39: S8, 40: genital capsule. Scale bars Figs. 34–35 & 37 1mm, Fig. 36 0.25mm, Figs. 38–40 0.125mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345463/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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) and lacking yellow markings to the side of T2 (
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<figureCitation id="29F9D3EFFFD13B4B75E1FC5BC367FC06" box="[227,312,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–40" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1884,1909]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[168,1419,166,1864]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 34–40. Liphanthus discolor sp. nov., holotype, 34: lateral habitus, 35: face frontal view, 36: upper paraocular area to show absence of facial fovea (arrow to area where this occurs in related species, compare to Figs. 22 & 43), 37: metasomal venter to show brownish colouration and reduced yellow on reflexed portions of terga, 38: S7, 39: S8, 40: genital capsule. Scale bars Figs. 34–35 & 37 1mm, Fig. 36 0.25mm, Figs. 38–40 0.125mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345463/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B75C5FC76C0DCFBDE" blockId="18.[151,1437,836,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B75C5FC76C040FBFA" bold="true" box="[199,543,1016,1043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Description.
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<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFD13B4B7461FC77C38FFBFA" box="[355,464,1017,1043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Male:
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B7728FC74C0E8FBFA" box="[554,695,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dimensions:</emphasis>
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Approximate body length:
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<quantity id="763A628FFFD13B4B76FAFC77C607FBFA" box="[1016,1112,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.29">3.29mm</quantity>
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; head width:
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<quantity id="763A628FFFD13B4B71F5FC77C709FBFA" box="[1271,1366,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.08">1.08mm</quantity>
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, wing length:
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<quantity id="763A628FFFD13B4B75EEFB93C314FBDE" box="[236,331,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.33">2.33mm</quantity>
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, intertegular width:
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<quantity id="763A628FFFD13B4B772FFB93C020FBDE" box="[557,639,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B75C5FBCFC07BFADA" blockId="18.[151,1437,836,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B75C5FBCFC314FBB2" box="[199,331,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Coloration:</emphasis>
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Black to dark brown with following parts orange (certainly yellow in non-discoloured individuals): labrum, mandible (except apex red), clypeus, lower paraocular area below from upper 1/5 of outer subantennal suture, subantennal sclerite except basal 1/5, pronotal lobe, anterior spot on tegula, apical mark on all coxae, ventral surface of metatrochanter, apical ring on all femora, all tibiae except for brown mark on ventral surface at midlength and metatibia with anterior and posterior brown marks, all basitarsi; marks on ventrally recurved portions of T3–T5; all sterna yellowish-brown suffused with brown. Flagellum and all 2
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<superScript id="46B76222FFD13B4B76A5FB7AC199FAE6" attach="none" box="[935,966,1268,1295]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nd–</superScript>
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4
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<superScript id="46B76222FFD13B4B76D1FB7AC1BFFAEB" attach="left" box="[979,992,1268,1282]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">th</superScript>
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tarsomeres dark orange-brown. Apical impressed area of terga pale amber.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B75C5FAB3C637F956" blockId="18.[151,1437,836,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B75C5FAB3C365FABE" box="[199,314,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sculpture:</emphasis>
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Pale part of face weakly imbricate, shiny, apical 1/5
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<superScript id="46B76222FFD13B4B768BFAB2C1C9FAA3" attach="left" box="[905,918,1340,1354]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">th</superScript>
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of clypeus lacking microsculpture; black portion of face densely, minutely tuberculate, dull. Clypeus punctures large, shallow, i>d; lower paraocular area moderately densely punctate, i=1–2d; upper paraocular, frontal and vertexal areas punctures difficult to detect among coarse imbrication; genal and hypostomal areas moderately imbricate, somewhat shiny; punctures small, sparse, i>2d. Mesosomal dorsum strongly imbricate and dull; mesoscutum and scutellum punctures shallow, irregularly spaced, i=1–5d; metanotum obscurely punctate, i=1–3d; lateral surface of
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<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD13B4B76E5FA7FC602F9E2" box="[999,1117,1521,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="18" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
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imbricate, somewhat shiny, hypoepimeral area and metepisternum impunctate, rest of mesopleuron punctures shallow, sparse, i>2d. Metapostnotum dorsal surface rugulose; propodeum imbricate somewhat shiny and impunctate except dorsolateral area coarsely imbricate and obscurely punctate. T1–T3 coarsely imbricate, dull; T4–T5 moderately imbricate somewhat shiny; T1–T5 punctures small, shallow and sparse, i>2d; apical impressed areas imbricate, impunctate; metasomal sterna weakly imbricate, somewhat shiny; punctures sparse anteriorly, i≥2d posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD13B4B75C5F947C1A7F8C2" blockId="18.[151,1437,836,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="83B61378FFD13B4B75C5F947C30BF90A" box="[199,340,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pubescence:</emphasis>
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Generally white, sparse with short branches; ~1
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD13B4B767CF947C19AF90A" box="[894,965,1737,1763]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
|
||
on face, mesoscutum, disc of scutellum, sides of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD13B4B75FAF963C331F8EE" box="[248,366,1773,1799]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="18" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
and towards apex of metasoma; longer, 1.5–2
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD13B4B767EF962C19FF8EE" box="[892,960,1772,1799]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
|
||
posteriorly on scutellum and metanotum; shorter, ~0.5
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD13B4B7420F89EC33AF8C2" box="[290,357,1808,1835]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14382" name="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="University or college">MOD</collectionCode>
|
||
and plumose on sides of dorsal surface of metapostnotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E5BD9FE2FFD03B4A7595F8D2C10BF808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3345463/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,264,1884,1909]" targetBox="[168,1419,166,1864]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD03B4A7595F8D2C10BF808" blockId="19.[151,1436,1884,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD03B4A7595F8D2C311F89C" bold="true" box="[151,334,1884,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURES 34–40</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD03B4A745EF8D3C077F89C" authority="Sharifi & Graham & Packer, 2019" authorityName="Sharifi & Graham & Packer" authorityYear="2019" box="[348,552,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Liphanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD03B4A745EF8D3C077F89C" box="[348,552,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Liphanthus discolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD03B4A772DF8D3C0D8F89C" bold="true" box="[559,647,1885,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9885AE03FFD03B4A772DF8D3C0DDF89C" box="[559,642,1885,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, 34: lateral habitus, 35: face frontal view, 36: upper paraocular area to show absence of facial fovea (arrow to area where this occurs in related species, compare to Figs. 22 & 43), 37: metasomal venter to show brownish colouration and reduced yellow on reflexed portions of terga, 38: S7, 39: S8, 40: genital capsule. Scale bars Figs. 34–35 & 37 1mm, Fig. 36 0.25mm, Figs. 38–40 0.125mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FF17C677FDF2" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FF17C324FF5A" box="[199,379,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Structure: Head</emphasis>
|
||
: ~1.1 X as wide as long (67:59). Mandible ~2.6 X as long as basal depth (36:14); gradually narrowing towards acute apex; lower margin at midlength with small erect pencil of branched hairs, branches long and only on one side of rachis. outer ridge lamellate. Labrum rectangular, ~1.8 X as wide as long (25:14). Clypeus ~1.75 X as wide as long (49:28); apicolateral and apicomedial margins weakly convex in frontal view. Outer subantennal suture almost straight, inner suture strongly curved near base, subantennal sclerite broadest near base; epistomal suture straight between inner subantennal sutures. Anterior tentorial pit below junction of outer subantennal and epistomal sutures by approximately minimum diameter of F1. Frontal line imperceptible except briefly below. IAD>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="73060188FFD73B4D7595FE1BC28BFE46" box="[151,212,405,431]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">AOD</collectingRegion>
|
||
(15:10). Inner margin of compound eyes convergent below, UOD:LOD 63:51. Facial fovea absent/undetectable.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD73B4D75D6FE37C359FE3A" box="[212,262,441,467]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5rz8-qnyy" name="Colecao de Culturas de Fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IOC</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD73B4D7408FE37C317FE3A" box="[266,328,441,467]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">OOC</collectionCode>
|
||
17:15. Scape ~1.5 X as long as greatest width (18:12), subequal to pedicel and F1 combined (17); pedicel length subequal to its width (8:9). F1 slightly longer than wide (9:8), F2 shorter than wide (6:7), remaining flagellomeres slightly longer than wide except F11 1.8 X as long as wide (18:10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FDA8C150FD42" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD73B4D75C5FDA8C3BFFDD6" authority=": Mesoscutum" authorityName="Mesoscutum" box="[199,480,549,575]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FDA8C360FDD6" box="[199,319,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
: Mesoscutum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
~1.1 X as wide as long (60:55), length of scutellum: metanotum: metapostnotum: 25:13:13. Marginal cell ~1.1 X as long as distance between its apex to wing tip (55:50). Metatibial spurs straight, posterior spur longer than anterior. Pro- and mesotarsal claws cleft. [Apical metatarsomeres missing on one leg and claws absent from remaining hind leg in sole specimen.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FD38C7D9FBFA" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FD38C363FD26" box="[199,316,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
: Broadest at junction of T2 and T3; terga not strongly ventromedially reflexed at sides, but T2 with weak lateral ridge; pygidial plate absent. S1–S5 unmodified. S7 Apodeme long, narrow, parallel-sided, anterior margin transverse, straight; apical lobe short, length and width subequal, broadly rounded, with sparse long posteriorly oriented hairs, hairs shorter than width of lobe. S8 Apodeme anterior margin sinuate and moderately broad (~ 1.5 X wider than long), lateral margins strongly diverging anteriorly; lateral lobe small, apex acute; apical lobe truncate, lateral margins straight, converging posteriorly, short spicules on apical half of dorsal surface. Gonocoxa anterodorsal margin transverse, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, medial margin almost straight; gonostylus distinctly separated from gonocoxa by weakly sclerotized band, narrow, gradually narrowing to apex, posteromedially curved, short hairs on medial and ventral surfaces; penis valve broad, lateral margin broadly biconvex. Endophallus basal fluted portion elongate somewhat broad, apical membranous portion broad, almost attaining apex of penis valve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FB92C3FCFBDE" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" box="[199,419,1052,1079]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FB92C341FBDE" bold="true" box="[199,286,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FBCEC6B1FB96" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FBCEC046FBB2" bold="true" box="[199,537,1088,1115]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material studied. Region IV:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01AAC537FFD73B4D771DFBCFC6B1FB96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2285838295" collectingDate="2001-10-09" collectionCode="PCYU, MNHN" collectorName="Region IV & L. Packer & G. Fraser. The" country="Chile" location="Vicuna" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFD73B4D771DFBCFC0D8FBB2" box="[543,647,1089,1115]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male as follows:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9D58FFAFFD73B4D764BFBCFC1C1FBB2" box="[841,926,1089,1115]" name="Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1C37AABCFFD73B4D76AAFBCFC643FBB2" box="[936,1052,1089,1115]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Region IV</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="763A628FFFD73B4D7124FBCFC625FBB2" box="[1062,1146,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 km</quantity>
|
||
S. of
|
||
<location id="B41D99B1FFD73B4D71BBFBCFC754FBB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:396B7E7CFFD13B4D7595FD3BC6E9F956:B41D99B1FFD73B4D71BBFBCFC754FBB2" box="[1209,1291,1089,1115]" country="Chile" name="Vicuna" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vicuña</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C57CE9AAFFD73B4D7017FBCFC725FBB2" box="[1301,1402,1089,1115]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2001-10-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D5381042FFD73B4D7017FBCFC725FBB2" box="[1301,1402,1089,1115]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2001-10-09">9.x.2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1C37AABCFFD73B4D7086FBCFC2BCFB96" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">L. Packer</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="1C37AABCFFD73B4D7405FBEBC3F8FB96" box="[263,423,1125,1151]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. Fraser. The</collectorName>
|
||
sole specimen is currently at
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD73B4D77F6FBEBC160FB96" box="[756,831,1125,1151]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66ra-d50z" name="The Packer Collection at York University" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="University or college">PCYU</collectionCode>
|
||
but will eventually be sent to
|
||
<collectionCode id="D7D357AFFFD73B4D7193FBEBC6B5FB96" box="[1169,1258,1125,1151]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FB07C3DCFB02" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FB07C317FB4A" bold="true" box="[199,328,1161,1187]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet refers to the fact that the sole specimen known has the pale markings mostly orange, presumably as a result of prolonged exposure to cyanide. This should be born in mind when considering the colour in the images.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FB7AC6E9FADA" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D75C5FB7AC310FAE6" bold="true" box="[199,335,1268,1295]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Using the key in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFD73B4D770DFB7BC0A8FAE6" author="Ruz, L. & Toro, H." box="[527,759,1269,1295]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="235 - 299" refId="ref44762" refString="Ruz, L. & Toro, H. (1983) Revision of the bee genus Liphanthus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 52, 235 - 299." type="journal article" year="1983">Ruz and Toro (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, if treated as having three submarginal cells, this species fails at couplet
|
||
<quantity id="763A628FFFD73B4D740EFA97C368FADA" box="[268,311,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
that it has the short F1 of the second lead but the flat clypeal profile of the first.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5FAB3C06CF9BA" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The area just south of Vicuña is quite famous due to the extensive collecting that has been performed in the area, resulting in studies of a number of rare bees, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD73B4D77F1FAEFC75DFA92" authority="Friese 1925" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1925" box="[755,1282,1376,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Euherbstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excellens">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D77F1FAEFC184FA92" box="[755,987,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Euherbstia excellens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFD73B4D76E2FAEFC63DFA92" author="Friese, H." box="[992,1122,1376,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref43580" refString="Friese, H. (1925) Neue neotropische Bienenarten, zugleich II. Nachtung zur Bienenfauna von Costa Rica. Stettiner Entomologische Zietung, 86, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1925">Friese 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFD73B4D716DFAEFC6A6FA92" author="Rozen, J. G. Jr." box="[1135,1273,1377,1403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref44594" refString="Rozen, J. G. Jr. (1993) Phylogenetic relationships of Euherbstia with other short-tongued bees. American Museum Novitates, 3060, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1993">Rozen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD73B4D700EFAEFC02BFA76" authority="Ruz 1995 in Rozen & Ruz (1995)" authorityName="Ruz 1995 in Rozen & Ruz" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Neffapis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longilingua">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D700EFAEFC2ABFA76" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neffapis longilingua</emphasis>
|
||
Ruz
|
||
<quantity id="763A628FFFD73B4D742DFA0AC3DCFA76" box="[303,387,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0673" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="1995.0">1995 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFD73B4D748BFA0BC02BFA76" author="Rozen, J. G. Jr. & Ruz, L." box="[393,628,1412,1439]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref44702" refString="Rozen, J. G. Jr. & Ruz, L. (1995) South American panurgine bees (Andrenidae: Panurginae), Part II. Adults, immature stages, and biology of Neffapis longilingua, a new genus and species with an elongate glossa. American Museum Novitates, 3136, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1995">Rozen & Ruz (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76C2B4E9FFD73B4D77ACFA0BC66AFA49" authority="Toro (1976)" authorityName="Toro" authorityYear="1976" box="[686,1077,1413,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chilimalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="83B61378FFD73B4D77ACFA0BC1F8FA76" box="[686,935,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chilimalopsis parvula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D553B29BFFD73B4D76AFFA0BC66AFA49" author="Toro, H." box="[941,1077,1413,1440]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref44924" refString="Toro, H. (1976) Chilimalopsis, nuevo genero chileno de Exomalopsini. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso, 9, 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="1976">Toro (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the fact that only a single male is known suggests that this may be a rare or highly habitat restricted species. Considerable additional collecting has been performed in the area since 2001, but the species has not been rediscovered. Since 2001 the north end of the original locality has been more extensively developed for grape growing and there is also a large garbage dump closer to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E7971C8FFD73B4D746CF99BC3C1F9C6" box="[366,414,1557,1583]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Packer, personal observations), neither of these developments likely conducive to the sustainability of bee populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17DCF6AFFD73B4D75C5F9D3C6E9F956" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Along with the three species described above and a number of undescribed species with three submarginal cells, this species forms a species group characterized, in males, by the presence of a hair tuft on the ventral margin of the mandible at the end of a strongly lamellate outer ridge and a minutely tuberculate frontal area.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |