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<document id="B6DAABB143FA1B92FF075D4820A93C6A" ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.26.297" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5739111" ID-ZooBank="1E87A39C-02DE-4710-BFEF-E5C2FBCD54FB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638231351736" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nonaka, Masanori &amp; Hayashibara, Takeshi" docDate="2021" docId="CC5187C7FFD0FFA0FC4BF8BAFF7CF8AD" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.26.2.297-342.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 26" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Hemicorallium kaiyo Nonaka &amp; Hayashibara 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3DF11DAB-24D9-43FB-8B4D-52FAC905CEE9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="3068FFBFFFCEFF81FF9BFFDBFF84FFD7" masterDocTitle="A Report on Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) Specimens Collected from the Emperor Seamounts with Descriptions of Three New Species" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="297" pageNumber="327" updateTime="1699434610184" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="E9F27D87E5D5BB8F40E6D678131FD767" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="83DDA6C3446F8EAC80DF305EF462CE7A">
<mods:title id="58588BA18DEEAEC9CCC297F1D5EBBCB2">A Report on Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) Specimens Collected from the Emperor Seamounts with Descriptions of Three New Species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B25AA941230F950BC76B2E7C3945B9A9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E58A19D72C2573F131F2BE4D6FCE0EE0">
<mods:roleTerm id="F5A51E394011BD17F6BB23DF0FA513C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5245D63094964C8FDB0C9059D8251F02">Nonaka, Masanori</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="33DC6222079346FE2E0DAFB77CAE02F0">Okinawa Churashima Foundation Research Center, Motobu-cho, Okinawa 905 - 0206, Japan E-mail: m-nonaka @ okichura. jp &amp; Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3CDEA1F0F0EF72E506480A0430A4B9FE" type="email">nonaka@okichura.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="A054A61D155EB8C1E117AC667BDFBF95" type="personal">
<mods:role id="356AB1A2423480E4C19A43FED2F410E1">
<mods:roleTerm id="8DAC5C0312F0D93F3F2159C6AB10F852">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="59FDFC752148A8824D204BF4455695DF">Hayashibara, Takeshi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2882084C68C5B72DE913F69339F28D4B">Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907 - 0451, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CC1177E5F743029644FEBA59DF4D630F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9019DCC2267C791A339E92C62746FFD7">
<mods:title id="DFE38F2770D932CC90BD3D8F0CA0F1D4">Species Diversity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A827F284DD6411E66D4A3BF0324B9A0C">
<mods:date id="7508C6632C7CDF29930B1B149A08B72E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0AC769EB8CA297E90EB3DB02E1FE6D3E">2021-10-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B4D581B150907BDF9643B0E3E7634E65">26</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AE77E64F35EBBED38DF836976E268A48">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="80C72C6ECDE21569C5624C124F811636" type="DOI">10.12782/specdiv.26.297</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="09799D7E42AA4175E38E9B4C856224C1" type="ISSN">2189-7301</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C0BCDF11E834500F3B2629E8AAE4B4A2" type="Zenodo-Dep">5739111</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38F231771CF384BB8A220FD199956FBD" type="ZooBank">1E87A39C-02DE-4710-BFEF-E5C2FBCD54FB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CC5187C7FFD0FFA0FC4BF8BAFF7CF8AD" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DF11DAB-24D9-43FB-8B4D-52FAC905CEE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC5187C7FFD0FFA0FC4BF8BAFF7CF8AD" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFD0FF9FFC4BF8BAFB79F8AE" box="[976,1277,1889,1913]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFD0FF9FFC4BF8BAFB79F8AE" blockId="30.[976,1277,1889,1913]" box="[976,1277,1889,1913]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">
<heading id="1F0F81BDFFD0FF9FFC4BF8BAFB79F8AE" box="[976,1277,1889,1913]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFD0FF9FFC4BF8BAFB28F8AE" ID-CoL="8YKPL" authority="Nonaka &amp; Hayashibara, 2021" authorityName="Nonaka &amp; Hayashibara" authorityYear="2021" box="[976,1196,1889,1913]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kaiyo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD0FF9FFC4BF8BAFB28F8AE" bold="true" box="[976,1196,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">Hemicorallium kaiyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6DBF57B8FFD0FF9FFB2AF8B9FB79F8AE" box="[1201,1277,1890,1913]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFD0FF9FFC77F859FB64F84D" box="[1004,1248,1922,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" type="description">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFD0FF9FFC77F859FB64F84D" blockId="30.[1004,1248,1922,1946]" box="[1004,1248,1922,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">
<heading id="1F0F81BDFFD0FF9FFC77F859FB64F84D" box="[1004,1248,1922,1946]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" reason="2">
(
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFD0FF9FFC68F859FBE0F84D" box="[1011,1124,1922,1946]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="33.[156,187,1140,1162]" captionStartId-1="33.[157,188,1696,1718]" captionStartId-2="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionStartId-3="34.[156,187,684,706]" captionStartId-4="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionStartId-5="36.[156,187,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1410,1231,1655]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,745,218,645]" captionTargetBox-4="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetBox-5="[177,745,206,1031]" captionTargetId-0="figure-181@33.[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetId-3="figure-873@34.[176,746,217,646]" captionTargetId-4="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetId-5="figure-308@36.[176,746,205,1032]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionTargetPageId-3="34" captionTargetPageId-4="35" captionTargetPageId-5="36" captionText-0="Fig. 43. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1737. A, Autozooid side; B, opposite side. Scale bar: 20mm." captionText-1="Fig. 44. The distribution of autozooids of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 5.0mm." captionText-2="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." captionText-3="Fig. 46. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 1.0mm." captionText-4="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." captionText-5="Fig. 48. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739198" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739200" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739202" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739206" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5739198/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5739200/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5739202/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5739206/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">Figs 43–48</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFD0FF9FFBF5F859FB45F84D" box="[1134,1217,1922,1946]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[157,205,190,212]" captionText="Table 2. Summary of measurements of taxonomic characters for each specimen examined. Measurements reported are the" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">Tables 2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFD0FF9FFB51F859FB53F84D" box="[1226,1239,1922,1946]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="36.[845,893,840,863]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of length and width measurements of common (more than 11%) sclerites for each specimen examined of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp . nov . , H . muzikae sp . nov . and H . tokiyasui sp . nov . Mea- surements are reported the average±standard deviation in µm. Bold numbers indicate most abundant sclerite type. “+” means not common (less than 10 % ) sclerites . “ − ” means not found ." pageId="30" pageNumber="327">7</tableCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFD0FF9FFCD5F818FB2CF82B" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFD0FF9FFCD5F818FB2CF82B" blockId="30.[821,1432,1987,2077]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD0FF9FFCD5F818FBA4F80C" bold="true" box="[846,1056,1987,2011]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="9B438873FFD0FF9FFBA1F818FB1EF80C" box="[1082,1178,1987,2011]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, NSMT-Co 1737, Koko Seamount,
<quantity id="83009B34FFD0FF9FFC3DF83FFB91F82C" box="[934,1045,2020,2044]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.755" metricValueMax="9.42" metricValueMin="4.09" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="675.5" valueMax="942.0" valueMin="409.0">409–942 m</quantity>
,
<date id="30461011FFD0FF9FFBBBF83FFB20F82B" box="[1056,1188,2020,2044]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" value="2011-06-14">14 June 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="10876659FFD0FF9FFF07F80BFDBEF7CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5739192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739192/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" startId="30.[156,187,2000,2022]" targetBox="[177,745,1207,1960]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFD0FF9FFF07F80BFDBEF7CA" blockId="30.[156,767,2000,2078]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">
Fig. 40.
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFD0FF9FFF60F80BFE72F832" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[251,502,2000,2022]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD0FF9FFF60F80BFE04F832" box="[251,384,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">Hemicorallium</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD0FF9FFE3DF80BFE72F832" box="[422,502,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">sulcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NSMT-Co 1735. A, Whole specimen; B, surface detail. Abbreviations: AZ, autozooid; SZ, siphonozooid. Scale bars: A, 20 mm; B, 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFD0FFA1FCD5F7DFFD2EFA23" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="30" pageNumber="327" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFD0FF9FFCD5F7DFFA1CF7CB" blockId="30.[821,1432,1987,2077]" box="[846,1432,2052,2077]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD0FF9FFCD5F7DFFC3AF7CB" bold="true" box="[846,958,2052,2076]" pageId="30" pageNumber="327">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colony may branch almost in one plane,
</paragraph>
<caption id="10876659FFD1FF9EFF07F898FF74F8A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5739194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739194/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="328" startId="31.[156,187,1859,1881]" targetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFD1FF9EFF07F898FF74F8A2" blockId="31.[156,1432,1859,1909]" pageId="31" pageNumber="328">
Fig. 41.
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFD1FF9EFF60F898FE76F88F" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[251,498,1859,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="328" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD1FF9EFF60F898FE04F88F" box="[251,384,1859,1880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="328">Hemicorallium</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFD1FF9EFE39F898FE76F88F" box="[418,498,1859,1880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="328">sulcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NSMT-Co 1735. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="10876659FFEEFFA1FF06FBF4FD83FBB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5739196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739196/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" startId="32.[157,188,1071,1093]" targetBox="[177,745,206,1032]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FF06FBF4FD83FBB6" blockId="32.[156,767,1071,1121]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Fig. 42.
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FF60FBF4FE72FB93" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[251,502,1071,1093]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FF60FBF4FE04FB93" box="[251,384,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Hemicorallium</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FE3DFBF4FE72FB93" box="[422,502,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">sulcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NSMT-Co 1735. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FF07FB4DFD2EFA23" blockId="32.[156,768,1174,2077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
without anastomoses, but colony form is unknown. Branching is irregular, at acute angles. Contracted autozooids are concentrated on the terminal twigs, interpolypar distance
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FF79FB23FEB2FAD8" box="[226,310,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FE2FFB23FDAEFAD8" box="[436,554,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.5 mm</quantity>
(average
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FD04FB23FD7CFAC7" box="[671,760,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="1.06">1.06 mm</quantity>
) and height
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FE8FFAC2FE0EFAE7" box="[276,394,1305,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.3 mm</quantity>
(average 1.0 mm). Coenenchyme is
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(average
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FE17FAE2FE60FA86" box="[396,484,1337,1361]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
) thick in the dry condition, without small warts, pale red in color. Axis stout, having many commensal burrows, no depressions underneath autozooids, smooth surface, red. Tentacles contain rods (about
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FF07FA60FF62FA04" box="[156,230,1467,1491]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long), coenenchyme contains 6-, 7-, and 8-radiates. Multi-radiates are rare, and double-clubs are absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFEEFFA1FF2EFA27FA8FFA65" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" type="description">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FF2EFA27FD1CF900" blockId="32.[156,768,1174,2077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FF2EFA27FE63F9C3" bold="true" box="[181,487,1532,1556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="9B438873FFEEFFA1FE1FFA27FE67F9C3" box="[388,483,1532,1556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Colony form. The specimen is a branch tip with some twigs (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FDA9F9C6FDFBF9E2" box="[562,639,1565,1589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[156,187,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-181@33.[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 43. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1737. A, Autozooid side; B, opposite side. Scale bar: 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739198/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). It is about
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long and
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FED5F9E6FE16F982" box="[334,402,1597,1621]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
wide. Branch diameter is
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FD3CF9E6FD7FF982" box="[679,763,1597,1621]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
, terminals
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FE9EF985FEDDF9A2" box="[261,345,1630,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
. It is presumed that branching is almost in one plane, without anastomoses, but the colony form is unknown. The angle of branching is acute (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FDEBF944FD3AF960" box="[624,702,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[156,187,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-181@33.[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 43. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1737. A, Autozooid side; B, opposite side. Scale bar: 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739198/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Two commensal brittle stars were found on the branch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FF2EF93BFD38F86C" blockId="32.[156,768,1174,2077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Polyps. The autozooids are not retracted into the coenenchyme, making cylindrical mounds with 8 inconspicuous longitudinal striations. They tend to concentrate on the terminal twigs, but not in clusters (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FD9CF89AFDD6F88D" box="[519,594,1857,1882]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[156,187,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-181@33.[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 43. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1737. A, Autozooid side; B, opposite side. Scale bar: 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739198/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Autozooids are 1.06±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FF40F8B9FEB6F8AE" box="[219,306,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
in diameter and 1.00±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FDA1F8B9FD14F8AE" box="[570,656,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
in height (
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FF38F859FF74F84C" box="[163,240,1922,1947]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[157,205,190,212]" captionText="Table 2. Summary of measurements of taxonomic characters for each specimen examined. Measurements reported are the" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 2</tableCitation>
), distributed at
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FE08F858FE61F84D" box="[403,485,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
intervals on the twigs (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FD4CF859FF3CF86C" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[157,188,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,1231,1655]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 44. The distribution of autozooids of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 5.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739200/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). Siphonozooids cannot be found in this specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FF2EF81FFB88FE97" blockId="32.[156,768,1174,2077]" lastBlockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Axis. The surface of the stem of the axis is smooth and the twigs of the axis have shallow longitudinal grooves (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FD34F83FFD7FF82B" box="[687,763,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FF07F7DEFF3CF7CA" box="[156,184,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[156,187,684,706]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,218,645]" captionTargetId="figure-873@34.[176,746,217,646]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 46. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739202/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">46</figureCitation>
). The grooves are distributed at about
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FDD2F7DEFD1BF7CB" box="[585,671,2053,2077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
intervals (
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FCA0FF1DFC0FFF09" box="[827,907,198,222]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[157,205,190,212]" captionText="Table 2. Summary of measurements of taxonomic characters for each specimen examined. Measurements reported are the" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 2</tableCitation>
). There are no rounded pits on the surface of the axis at the position of each autozooid. Many polychaete burrows are found in the axis, with some polychaetes visible by microscope (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FC2CFEF3FB84FE97" box="[951,1024,296,320]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FE93FC78FE35" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Coenenchyme. The coenenchyme is very thin, 0.08±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FCEFFEB2FC4EFE57" box="[884,970,361,385]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
and smooth, covering the axis (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FA85FEB2FAE8FE56" box="[1310,1388,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FAE2FEB2FA17FE56" box="[1401,1427,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[156,187,684,706]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,218,645]" captionTargetId="figure-873@34.[176,746,217,646]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 46. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739202/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">46</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FCAFFE52FC05FE75" box="[820,897,393,418]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[157,205,190,212]" captionText="Table 2. Summary of measurements of taxonomic characters for each specimen examined. Measurements reported are the" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 2</tableCitation>
). There are no warts on its surface (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FB6CFE52FAC0FE76" box="[1271,1348,393,417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FACBFE52FAE8FE76" box="[1360,1388,393,417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[156,187,684,706]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,218,645]" captionTargetId="figure-873@34.[176,746,217,646]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 46. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739202/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">46</figureCitation>
). At high magnification, the gastrovascular system is visible through it (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FC33FE11FC75FE35" box="[936,1009,458,482]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FE30FB9EFDF4" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Color. The dry coenenchyme is pale red, the axis a deeper red color (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FC07FDD0FB94FDF4" box="[924,1040,523,547]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="33.[156,187,1140,1162]" captionStartId-1="33.[157,188,1696,1718]" captionStartId-2="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionStartId-3="34.[156,187,684,706]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1410,1231,1655]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,745,218,645]" captionTargetId-0="figure-181@33.[187,1399,205,1101]" captionTargetId-3="figure-873@34.[176,746,217,646]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionTargetPageId-3="34" captionText-0="Fig. 43. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1737. A, Autozooid side; B, opposite side. Scale bar: 20mm." captionText-1="Fig. 44. The distribution of autozooids of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 5.0mm." captionText-2="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." captionText-3="Fig. 46. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 1.0mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739198" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739200" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739202" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5739198/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5739200/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5739202/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 43–46</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FDF7FC0FFD11" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
Sclerites. The tentacles contain mainly rods (60%; 0.102±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC1BFD96FC67FDB3" box="[896,995,589,613]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.014">0.014 mm</quantity>
long, 0.028±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FBE8FD96FB51FDB3" box="[1139,1237,589,613]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
wide), multi-radiates (27%; 0.084±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC6CFDB6FBDEFD52" box="[1015,1114,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.014">0.014 mm</quantity>
long, 0.036±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FB6BFDB6FAD6FD52" box="[1264,1362,621,645]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
wide) and a few 7-radiates, 8-radiates and others (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FA83FD55FAEDFD71" box="[1304,1385,654,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FAE2FD55FA17FD71" box="[1401,1427,654,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[156,187,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,206,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-308@36.[176,746,205,1032]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 48. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739206/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">48</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FCAFFD75FCFAFD11" box="[820,894,686,710]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="36.[845,893,840,863]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of length and width measurements of common (more than 11%) sclerites for each specimen examined of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp . nov . , H . muzikae sp . nov . and H . tokiyasui sp . nov . Mea- surements are reported the average±standard deviation in µm. Bold numbers indicate most abundant sclerite type. “+” means not common (less than 10 % ) sclerites . “ − ” means not found ." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FD14FB8FFC7D" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
The autozooid mounds contain mainly symmetric 6-radiates (25%; 0.058±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FBBFFD34FB03FCD0" box="[1060,1159,751,775]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.008">0.008 mm</quantity>
long, 0.039±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FAAFFD34FA13FCD0" box="[1332,1431,751,775]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
wide), symmetric 8-radiates (20%; 0.068±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FB6CFCCBFADDFCF0" box="[1271,1369,784,808]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0999999999999999" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.011">0.011 mm</quantity>
long, 0.041±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC1BFCEBFC67FC9F" box="[896,995,816,840]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
wide), 7-radiates (18%; 0.062±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FAAFFCEBFA13FC9F" box="[1332,1431,816,840]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.009">0.009 mm</quantity>
long, 0.039±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC20FC8AFB9AFCBF" box="[955,1054,849,873]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
width), and some asymmetric 6-radiates, asymmetric 8-radiates, multi-radiates are present (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FCA0FC49FC02FC7D" box="[827,902,914,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FC0BFC49FC2EFC7D" box="[912,938,914,938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[156,187,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,206,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-308@36.[176,746,205,1032]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 48. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739206/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">48</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FC2FFC49FC7AFC7D" box="[948,1022,914,938]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="36.[845,893,840,863]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of length and width measurements of common (more than 11%) sclerites for each specimen examined of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp . nov . , H . muzikae sp . nov . and H . tokiyasui sp . nov . Mea- surements are reported the average±standard deviation in µm. Bold numbers indicate most abundant sclerite type. “+” means not common (less than 10 % ) sclerites . “ − ” means not found ." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FC69FCCBFB79" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
The branch tips contain mainly symmetric 8-radiates (29%; 0.061±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC55FC08FBB5FC3D" box="[974,1073,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
long, 0.039±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FB4CFC08FABEFC3D" box="[1239,1338,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
width), 7-radiates (26%; 0.057±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FBA2FC2FFB1FFBDC" box="[1081,1179,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.008">0.008 mm</quantity>
long, 0.039±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FAAFFC2FFA13FBDC" box="[1332,1431,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
width), asymmetric 8-radiates (18%; 0.061±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FAAFFBCFFA13FBFC" box="[1332,1431,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
long, 0.040±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC27FBEEFB9AFB9B" box="[956,1054,1077,1101]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.003">0.003 mm</quantity>
width), symmetric 6-radiates (15%; 0.058±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC1BFB8EFC67FBBA" box="[896,995,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
long, 0.039±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FBE8FB8EFB51FBBA" box="[1139,1237,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
width), and a few asymmetric 6-radiates and multi-radiates (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FB7DFBAEFAB6FB59" box="[1254,1330,1141,1166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FAA6FBADFAD3FB59" box="[1341,1367,1142,1166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[156,187,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,206,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-308@36.[176,746,205,1032]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 48. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739206/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">48</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FAFAFBAEFCC6FB79" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="36.[845,893,840,863]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of length and width measurements of common (more than 11%) sclerites for each specimen examined of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp . nov . , H . muzikae sp . nov . and H . tokiyasui sp . nov . Mea- surements are reported the average±standard deviation in µm. Bold numbers indicate most abundant sclerite type. “+” means not common (less than 10 % ) sclerites . “ − ” means not found ." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FB6CFA8FFA65" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
The coenenchyme at the base of the colony contains mainly symmetric 8-radiates (39%; 0.059±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FB63FB0CFADFFB38" box="[1272,1371,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
long, 0.038±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC1BFB23FC67FAD8" box="[896,995,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.003">0.003 mm</quantity>
wide), 7-radiates (22%; 0.053±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FAAFFB23FA13FAD8" box="[1332,1431,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.006">0.006 mm</quantity>
long, 0.035±
<quantity id="83009B34FFEEFFA1FC57FAC3FBABFAE7" box="[972,1071,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.004">0.004 mm</quantity>
wide), asymmetric 8-radiates (16%; 0.056±
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long, 0.036±
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width) and symmetric 6-radiates (13%; 0.053±
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long, 0.037±
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width). There are a few asymmetric 6-radiates and multi-radiates (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FBA7FA41FB03FA65" box="[1084,1159,1434,1458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FB0AFA41FB2FFA65" box="[1169,1195,1434,1458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[156,187,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,206,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-308@36.[176,746,205,1032]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 48. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739206/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">48</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FB2FFA41FB7AFA65" box="[1204,1278,1434,1458]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="36.[845,893,840,863]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of length and width measurements of common (more than 11%) sclerites for each specimen examined of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp . nov . , H . muzikae sp . nov . and H . tokiyasui sp . nov . Mea- surements are reported the average±standard deviation in µm. Bold numbers indicate most abundant sclerite type. “+” means not common (less than 10 % ) sclerites . “ − ” means not found ." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFEEFFA1FCD5FA60FBC8F982" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5FA60FBC8F982" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FCD5FA60FC41FA04" bold="true" box="[846,965,1467,1491]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Etymology.</emphasis>
The survey at the Emperor Seamounts was conducted by the Fisheries Agency research vessel “
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FACEFA07FCEFF9C3" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Kaiyomaru</emphasis>
”. This species is named “kaiyo” from the name of the vessel, to give thanks to the
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FBCFF9C6FB49F9E3" box="[1108,1229,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Kaiyo-maru</emphasis>
crew who collected the specimens studied here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CE2655AFFEEFFA0FCD5F985FF7CF8AD" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5F985FB3FF92F" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FCD5F985FC35F9A1" bold="true" box="[846,945,1630,1654]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Remarks.</emphasis>
Specimen NSMT-Co 1737 has non-retract- ed, cylindrical autozooids (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FBD0F9A5FB1CF941" box="[1099,1176,1662,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FB3FF9A5FB3BF941" box="[1188,1215,1662,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[156,187,684,706]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,218,645]" captionTargetId="figure-873@34.[176,746,217,646]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 46. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Scale bar: 1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739202/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">46</figureCitation>
), slender rod-shaped sclerites in the tentacles (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FBAFF945FBF9F960" box="[1076,1149,1694,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
), and lacks rounded pits on the surface of the axis at the position of each autozooid, thus belonging in the genus
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FB84F93BFB3FF92F" box="[1055,1211,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FB84F93BFB32F92F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1055,1206,1760,1784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Hemicorallium</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEEFFA1FCD5F8DBFA13F7CB" blockId="32.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">
There are only two species in the Pacific
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FA98F8DBFA13F8CF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1283,1431,1792,1816]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FA98F8DBFA13F8CF" box="[1283,1431,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Hemicorallium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
previously described as having small contracted autozooids about 1.0 mm in both height and diameter:
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FAB9F899FA13F88E" box="[1314,1431,1857,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laauense">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FAB9F899FA13F88E" box="[1314,1431,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">H. laauense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FCF8F8B9FA8FF8AD" authority="(Tu, Dai, and Jeng, 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Tu, Dai, and Jeng" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[867,1291,1890,1914]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanicum">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FCF8F8B9FC7EF8AE" box="[867,1018,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">H. taiwanicum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="20694B20FFEEFFA1FB91F8B9FA80F8AD" author="Tu, T. H. &amp; Dai, C. F. &amp; Jeng, M. S." box="[1034,1284,1890,1914]" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref24711" refString="Tu, T. H., Dai, C. F. and Jeng, M. S. 2012. Precious corals (Octocorallia: Coralliidae) from the northern West Pacific region with descriptions of two New Species. Zootaxa 3395: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2012">Tu, Dai, and Jeng, 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FAE4F8B9FC0EF84D" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laauense">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FAE4F8B9FC0EF84D" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">H. laauense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has both axis and coenenchyme whitish in color, and
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEEFFA1FCF8F878FC7FF86D" baseAuthorityName="Tu, Dai, and Jeng" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[867,1019,1955,1978]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Hemicorallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="329" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taiwanicum">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEEFFA1FCF8F878FC7FF86D" box="[867,1019,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">H. taiwanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an orange axis and dark-pink coenenchyme. Both species have no (or rare) 6-radiates in their coenenchyme, but NSMT-Co 1737 has about 25% 6-radiates (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FCA0F7DFFC0CF7CB" box="[827,904,2052,2076]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[156,187,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,207,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@35.[187,1399,205,1821]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 47. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Sclerites: from tentacles, autozooid mounds, branch tips and colony base. Scale bar: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739204/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Figs 47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEEFFA1FC08F7DFFC29F7CB" box="[915,941,2052,2076]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[156,187,1071,1093]" captionTargetBox="[177,745,206,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-308@36.[176,746,205,1032]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 48. Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Composition of sclerites from each part sampled." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739206/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="329">48</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="097A036AFFEEFFA1FC23F7DFFB87F7CB" box="[952,1027,2052,2076]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="36.[845,893,840,863]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of length and width measurements of common (more than 11%) sclerites for each specimen examined of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp . nov . , H . muzikae sp . nov . and H . tokiyasui sp . nov . Mea- surements are reported the average±standard deviation in µm. Bold numbers indicate most abundant sclerite type. “+” means not common (less than 10 % ) sclerites . “ − ” means not found ." pageId="32" pageNumber="329">Table 7</tableCitation>
). The color of the axis of this specimen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444736D1FFEFFFA0FF07FFA6FF7CF8AD" blockId="33.[156,926,125,144]" lastBlockId="33.[156,767,1792,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="330">
<specimenCount id="52FEFD58FFEFFFA0FF07FFA6FD2BFF47" box="[156,687,125,144]" pageId="33" pageNumber="330" type="generic">330 M.</specimenCount>
Nonaka and T. Hayashibara is the reddest encountered in this collection, comparable to that of
<taxonomicName id="83F84D52FFEFFFA0FF71F8FAFEF7F8EE" box="[234,371,1825,1849]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="330" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="768CEAC3FFEFFFA0FF71F8FAFEF7F8EE" box="[234,371,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="330">C. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it seems unsuitable for ornamental use because of the numerous burrows in the axis (
<figureCitation id="DCC32A54FFEFFFA0FF38F8B9FF68F8AD" box="[163,236,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[821,852,1695,1717]" captionText="Fig. 45. Surface detail of Hemicorallium kaiyo sp. nov., NSMT-Co 1737. Abbreviation: PO, commensal polychaete.Scale bar: 1.0mm." pageId="33" pageNumber="330">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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