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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88868602-6066-47a7-9790-a9166e09d50f" ID-PMC="PMC8021543" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-78-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A7805105FFAF5D3EA781AE792370B9B9" ID-PubMed="33854402" ModsDocID="1314-4049-78-79" checkinTime="1617059717793" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zha, Ling-Sheng, Kryukov, Vadim Yu, Ding, Jian-Hua, Jeewon, Rajesh &amp; Chomnunti, Putarak" docDate="2021" docId="6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 78: 79-117" docOrigin="MycoKeys 78" docPubDate="2021-03-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836" docTitle="Polycephalomyces formosus Kobayasi 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A7805105FFAF5D3EA781AE792370B9B9" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="A7805105FFAF5D3EA781AE792370B9B9" masterDocTitle="Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1668137129999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zha, Ling-Sheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-0725</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China &amp; School of Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kryukov, Vadim Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str., 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ding, Jian-Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-9847</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jeewon, Rajesh</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-957X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chomnunti, Putarak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">putarak.cho@mfu.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-03-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>78</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
<mods:end>117</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-78-79</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A7805105FFAF5D3EA781AE792370B9B9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180778636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName LSID="6641EF85-1082-53C7-9A0B-F8C466B84E75" authority="Kobayasi" authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">Polycephalomyces formosus Kobayasi</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Polycephalomyces formosus (MFLU 18 - 0162) a collected on the ground in a bamboo forest b produced on the stroma of Ophiocordyceps sp. (the fertile head was missing) on an Elateroidea larva c, d synnemata e-g A-type phialides and A-type conidia h B-type phialides and B-type conidia. Scale bars: 20 µm (e); 5 µm (f); 10 µm (g, h)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524796" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y.Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
larvae, stromata of
<taxonomicName authorityName="G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones &amp; Spatafora" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Thwaites" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps barnesii" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="barnesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps barnesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thwaites) G.H. Sung et al.,
<taxonomicName class="Ascomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="O. falcata" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">O. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Berk.) G.H. Sung et al. and
<taxonomicName class="Ascomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="O. cantharelloides" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cantharelloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">O. cantharelloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Samson &amp; H.C. Evans) G.H. Sung et al. and distributed in Ecuador, Japan and Sri Lanka (
<bibRefCitation author="Kobayasi, Y" journalOrPublisher="IMA Fungus" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B35" refString="Kobayasi, Y, 1941. The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53-260." title="The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53 - 260." year="1941">Kobayasi 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Samson, RA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Science)" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="309 - 317" refId="B75" refString="Samson, RA, Evans, HC, 1985. New and rare entomogenous fungi from Amazonia. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Science) 94: 309 - 317" title="New and rare entomogenous fungi from Amazonia." volume="94" year="1985">Samson and Evans 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, YB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B95" refString="Wang, YB, 2016. Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." title="Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." year="2016">Wang 2016</bibRefCitation>
). We collected a
<taxonomicName class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimen on the stroma of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on an
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva from Guizhou, China. Morphological and phylogenetic data showed that it is
<taxonomicName class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is the first report of
<taxonomicName class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on wireworms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="asexual morph">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Asexual morph.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
Growing on the stroma of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on an
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva. Stroma single, arising from the body end of the host larva, unbranched. The larva reddish-brown, cylindrical, 21
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.3-1.6 mm, intersegmental membranes conspicuous. Stipe of the stroma shiny black, stiff, band-like, but twisted and deeply wrinkled (dry specimen), more than 20 mm long and 1.0-1.3 mm thick, surface smooth (the fertile head was missing).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synnemata</emphasis>
solitary or caespitose, arising from the intersegmental membranes of the larva and the surface of the stroma, mostly unbranched, generally straight, capitate, 1-3.5 mm long and 50-600
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. Stipe basally broad and compressed, then gradually cylindrical upwards, white, greyish-white to yellowish-brown, surface smooth.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fertile head</emphasis>
(including spore mass) abruptly expanded, ellipsoidal, 100-300
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
80-250
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, located at the top of every synnema and distinctly separated from the stipe. Spore mass covers the surface of every fertile head, 15-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, yellowish-brown and composed of hymenia.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Phialides</emphasis>
of two types, A-phialides produced on fertile heads, B-phialides arising laterally along the entire stipe. A-phialides 3-5 in terminal whorl on basal conidiophores, cylindrical to narrowly conical, straight or curved, non-uniform, 10-20 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 15.1, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and 1.5-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 1.7, n = 30) wide, basally and terminally narrow, neck narrow to 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, collarettes and periclinal thickening not visible;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A-conidia</emphasis>
obovate to obpyriform, smooth-walled, hyaline, 2.1-3.2 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 2.6, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and 1.5-2.2 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 1.8, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. B-phialides single or in terminal whorls of 2-3 on basal conidiophores, straight, symmetrical or asymmetrical, hyaline, generally cylindrical, 10-25 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 17, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, 2-3.5 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 2.8, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick at the base, 0.5-0.8 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 0.65, n =30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick at the end, collarettes and periclinal thickening not visible;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">B-conidia</emphasis>
fusiform, hyaline, smooth-walled, 3.2-6.0 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 4.6, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and 1-1.8 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 1.4, n = 30)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Sexual morph.</emphasis>
Not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524796" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MFLU 18-0162)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
collected on the ground in a bamboo forest
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
produced on the stroma of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (the fertile head was missing) on an
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">c, d</emphasis>
synnemata
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">e-g</emphasis>
A-type phialides and A-type conidia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">h</emphasis>
B-type phialides and B-type conidia. Scale bars: 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">e</emphasis>
); 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">f</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">g, h</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3062660301" collectingDate="2016-07-13" country="CHINA" county="Tongzi County" elevation="1300" latitude="28.875278" location="Baiqing Natural Reserve" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="107.15278" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty>Tongzi County</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75:412A3B5DFD12702C5CBAE4332460648C" country="CHINA" county="Tongzi County" latitude="28.875278" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="107.15278" name="Baiqing Natural Reserve" stateProvince="Guizhou">Baiqing Natural Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="28.875278">28°52'31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="107.15278">107°9'10&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, about
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectingDate value="2016-07-13">13 July 2016</collectingDate>
, Ling-Sheng Zha (MFLU 18-0162)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Japan as: growing on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Y.Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
larvae; synnemata solitary or caespitose, 1-3.5 mm long and 100-250
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick; spore mass covering the surface of the fertile head, 15-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick; A-phialides 3-4 in terminal whorl on basal conidiophores, cylindrical to narrowly conical, 10-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, neck 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; A-conidia obovate to obpyriform, 2.0-2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.6-2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B-conidia fusiform, 3.2-4.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kobayasi, Y" journalOrPublisher="IMA Fungus" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B35" refString="Kobayasi, Y, 1941. The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53-260." title="The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53 - 260." year="1941">Kobayasi 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, YB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B95" refString="Wang, YB, 2016. Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." title="Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." year="2016">Wang 2016</bibRefCitation>
). These characteristics are all consistent with our specimen. Sequences of SSU, ITS, LSU and TEF1-α are all identical to those of
<taxonomicName class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specimen ARSEF 1424); and in our phylogenetic tree, these two samples grouped together and have a same branch length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of Ophiocordyceps borealis sp. nov., O. spicatus sp. nov. and their allies inferred from a combined SSU, LSU and TEF 1 - α gene dataset. Bootstrap support values of ML and Maximum Parsimony (MP)&gt; 60 % and posterior probabilities (PP) of Bayesian Inference&gt; 0.9, are indicated above the nodes and separated by ' / ' (ML / MP / PP)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524793" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Host and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
On the stroma of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on an
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva on the ground in a humid bamboo (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Chimonobambusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chimonobambusa quadrangularis" order="Graminales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Chimonobambusa quadrangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Franceschi) Makino) forest in Guizhou karst regions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
The larva might live in soil or decayed wood at first, but was then infected by
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and produced a sexual stroma. Following heavy rainfall, the host, together with the stroma of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., was washed away and exposed on the ground and at last, was parasitised by
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fertile head of the stroma might have been lost during the floods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>