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<document id="F9989E44666B86B4327672220618DCB4" ID-CLB-Dataset="22331" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddb62273-2007-405c-968b-ebd41b334d22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814013" ID-ZooBank="FA9664B5-0439-44E0-BDFA-485CF1C2CCEF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588834819207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Helen F." docDate="2020" docId="03B6CA67FFFDFFECFF3FFA647EC1FDAA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4772.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4772 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megascops guildayi" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="FF8FB21FFFF7FFE7FFA8FF967F47FFEA" masterDocTitle="The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1698838858463" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="227B6F1C3A66B9355CB4F852CDCA3D4E">
<mods:title id="71B34EE763A2756C9E2373F5CEA4AE21">The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3496188394EE79B8580BE26FA9FA1EE9">James, Helen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D4BC9F5092C25120B0D1859FDE61BED2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="151E052EEFC05AEF19A17AD9D355544A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="52937901029FCDDC18B09F5351AEB020">2020-05-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4CA924E8B3C821905A884129A0D82EF1">4772</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="32BE4604B9C8D1BB296A7D4E39EBEA1E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5C444199DFD826DCB17248AE4B5FE2E5" type="CLB-Dataset">22331</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CF48C242122BCF0DDE2E9F2CD36E28A8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B6CA67FFFDFFECFF3FFA647EC1FDAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6CA67FFFDFFECFF3FFA647EC1FDAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6CA67FFFDFFECFF3FFA647EC1FDAA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFDFFEDFF3FFA647C3CF9E1" box="[151,891,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF3FFA647C3CF9E1" blockId="10.[151,891,1521,1548]" box="[151,891,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="D0E8CC1DFFFDFFEDFF3FFA647C3CF9E1" bold="true" box="[151,891,1521,1548]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFF3FFA647C3CF9E1" authority="(Brodkorb and Mourer-Chauvire 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Brodkorb and Mourer-Chauvire" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[151,891,1521,1548]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guildayi">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFF3FFA647C3CF9E1" bold="true" box="[151,891,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFF3FFA647EC1F9E6" bold="true" box="[151,390,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Megascops guildayi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFDFFEDFE3DFA677C34F9E1" author="Brodkorb, P. &amp; Mourer-Chauvire, C." box="[405,883,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref12403" refString="Brodkorb, P. &amp; Mourer-Chauvire, C. (1984) Pleistocene Birds from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. In: Genoways, H. H. &amp; Dawson, M. R. (Eds.), Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: A Volume in Memorial to John E. Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 8, pp. 39 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1984">Brodkorb and Mourer-Chauviré 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFDFFEDFF3FF9AF7C90F8ED" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF3FF9AF7BD2F9B9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" box="[151,1173,1593,1620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFF3FF9AF7E41F9BE" bold="true" box="[151,262,1593,1620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFDFFEDFEA5F9AF7E19F9B9" box="[269,350,1593,1619]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
PAL 641984,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFDA8F9AC7D03F9B9" box="[512,580,1593,1620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ulna">r ulna</taxonomicName>
: shaft and proximal end, collected in 1991 (
<figureCitation id="132467F4FFFDFFEDFB86F9AF7BC0F9B9" box="[1070,1159,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1507,1532]" captionTargetBox="[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave compared with modern taxa.A) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641969, caudal aspect; B) left humerus of Meleagris gallopavo, USNM BIRDS 556334 f, caudal aspect; C) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641067, caudal aspect; D) fossil right femur of Coragyps atratus, USNM PAL 641790, cranial aspect; E) right femur of C. atratus, USNM BIRDS 647499 m, cranial aspect; F) fossil proximal right carpometacarpus of fossil Branta dickeyi, USNM PAL 641972, ventral aspect; G) proximal right carpometacarpus of B. canadensis, USNM BIRDS 488182 m, ventral aspect; H) left tarsometatarsus of Falcipennis canadensis, USNM BIRDS 557527 f, plantar aspect; I) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Bonasa umbellus, USNM PAL 641979, plantar aspect; J) left tarsometatarsus of B. umbellus, USNM BIRDS 600360 f imm., plantar aspect; K) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Ectopistes migratorius, USNM PAL 769090, plantar aspect; L) tarsometatarsus of E. migratorius, USNM BIRDS 292904 (captive), plantar aspect; M) fossil left femur of Megascops guildayi, USNM PAL 769089, caudal aspect; N) left femur of Megascops asio, USNM 623630 f, caudal aspect; O) fossil right ulna of M. guildayi, USNM PAL 641984, ventral aspect; P) right ulna of M. asio, USNM BIRDS 623630 f, ventral aspect; Q) right tarsometatarsus of Perisoreus canadensis, USNM BIRDS 639077 f, dorsal aspect; R) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Perisoreus/Cyanocitta), CM 24274, dorsal aspect; S) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Cyanocitta/Perisoreus), USNM PAL 641989, dorsal aspect; T) right tarsometatarsus of Cyanocitta cyanea, USNM BIRDS 499504 f, dorsal aspect. Scale bar 1, for images A–G, = 2 cm. Scale bar 2, for images H–N, = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF6FF9CB7B00F99D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" box="[199,1095,1629,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<materialsCitation id="3B77712CFFFDFFEDFF6FF9CB7B05F99D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610671321" box="[199,1090,1629,1656]" collectingDate="1996-10-02" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="PAL 641985" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFDFFEDFF6FF9CB7E5FF99D" box="[199,280,1629,1655]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBB9D30AFFFDFFEDFEB7F9C87EE9F992" box="[287,430,1629,1656]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">PAL 641985</specimenCode>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFE11F9C87EB9F99D" box="[441,510,1629,1656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ulna">r ulna</taxonomicName>
: distal articular end only, collected
<date id="FFA15DB1FFFDFFEDFC22F9CB7B05F99D" box="[906,1090,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1996-10-02">
<collectingDate id="EFE5A459FFFDFFEDFC22F9CB7B05F99D" box="[906,1090,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1996-10-02">October 2, 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF6FF9177B07F971" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" box="[199,1088,1665,1692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<materialsCitation id="3B77712CFFFDFFEDFF6FF9177B7BF971" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610671318" box="[199,1084,1665,1692]" collectingDate="1994-09-22" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="PAL 769089" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFDFFEDFF6FF9177E5FF971" box="[199,280,1665,1691]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBB9D30AFFFDFFEDFEB7F9147EE9F971" box="[287,430,1665,1692]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">PAL 769089</specimenCode>
, l femur: proximal 2/3, collected
<date id="FFA15DB1FFFDFFEDFC8CF9177C81F971" box="[804,966,1665,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1994-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EFE5A459FFFDFFEDFC8CF9177C81F971" box="[804,966,1665,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1994-09-22">Sept. 22, 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="132467F4FFFDFFEDFC7DF9177B74F971" box="[981,1075,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1507,1532]" captionTargetBox="[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave compared with modern taxa.A) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641969, caudal aspect; B) left humerus of Meleagris gallopavo, USNM BIRDS 556334 f, caudal aspect; C) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641067, caudal aspect; D) fossil right femur of Coragyps atratus, USNM PAL 641790, cranial aspect; E) right femur of C. atratus, USNM BIRDS 647499 m, cranial aspect; F) fossil proximal right carpometacarpus of fossil Branta dickeyi, USNM PAL 641972, ventral aspect; G) proximal right carpometacarpus of B. canadensis, USNM BIRDS 488182 m, ventral aspect; H) left tarsometatarsus of Falcipennis canadensis, USNM BIRDS 557527 f, plantar aspect; I) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Bonasa umbellus, USNM PAL 641979, plantar aspect; J) left tarsometatarsus of B. umbellus, USNM BIRDS 600360 f imm., plantar aspect; K) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Ectopistes migratorius, USNM PAL 769090, plantar aspect; L) tarsometatarsus of E. migratorius, USNM BIRDS 292904 (captive), plantar aspect; M) fossil left femur of Megascops guildayi, USNM PAL 769089, caudal aspect; N) left femur of Megascops asio, USNM 623630 f, caudal aspect; O) fossil right ulna of M. guildayi, USNM PAL 641984, ventral aspect; P) right ulna of M. asio, USNM BIRDS 623630 f, ventral aspect; Q) right tarsometatarsus of Perisoreus canadensis, USNM BIRDS 639077 f, dorsal aspect; R) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Perisoreus/Cyanocitta), CM 24274, dorsal aspect; S) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Cyanocitta/Perisoreus), USNM PAL 641989, dorsal aspect; T) right tarsometatarsus of Cyanocitta cyanea, USNM BIRDS 499504 f, dorsal aspect. Scale bar 1, for images A–G, = 2 cm. Scale bar 2, for images H–N, = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814015/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF6FF9337BFAF955" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" box="[199,1213,1701,1728]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<materialsCitation id="3B77712CFFFDFFEDFF6FF9337BFFF955" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610671315" box="[199,1208,1701,1728]" collectionCode="CM" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="CM 8040" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBB9D30AFFFDFFEDFF6FF9337E75F955" box="[199,306,1701,1727]" collectionCode="CM" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">CM 8040</specimenCode>
<typeStatus id="54A4C5D3FFFDFFEDFE91F9337ED9F955" box="[313,414,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, l tarsometatarsus lacking proximal end. Not reexamined for this study
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF6FF95F7C8FF909" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" box="[199,968,1737,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<materialsCitation id="3B77712CFFFDFFEDFF6FF95F7C84F909" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610671324" box="[199,963,1737,1764]" collectingDate="1994-09-22" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="PAL 769088" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFDFFEDFF6FF95F7E5FF909" box="[199,280,1737,1763]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBB9D30AFFFDFFEDFEB7F95C7EE9F909" box="[287,430,1737,1764]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">PAL 769088</specimenCode>
, pedal phalanx: entire, collected
<date id="FFA15DB1FFFDFFEDFCB6F95F7C84F909" box="[798,963,1737,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1994-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EFE5A459FFFDFFEDFCB6F95F7C84F909" box="[798,963,1737,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1994-09-22">Sept. 22, 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFEDFF6FF97B7C90F8ED" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" box="[199,983,1773,1800]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<materialsCitation id="3B77712CFFFDFFEDFF6FF97B7C94F8ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610671312" box="[199,979,1773,1800]" collectingDate="1994-09-22" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="PAL 641981" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFDFFEDFF6FF97B7E5FF8ED" box="[199,280,1773,1799]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBB9D30AFFFDFFEDFEB7F9787EE9F8ED" box="[287,430,1773,1800]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="Museum">PAL 641981</specimenCode>
, ungual phalanx: entire, collected
<date id="FFA15DB1FFFDFFEDFC86F97B7C94F8ED" box="[814,979,1773,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1994-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EFE5A459FFFDFFEDFC86F97B7C94F8ED" box="[814,979,1773,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" value="1994-09-22">Sept. 22, 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFDFFECFF6FF8877BA6FE61" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFDFFECFF6FF8877D25FEA9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1593,2016]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,153,576]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFF6FF8877E1EF8C6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1809,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Description.</emphasis>
The bones of a strigid owl listed above are referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFC06F8847B69F8C1" baseAuthorityName="Brodkorb and Mourer-Chauvire" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[942,1070,1809,1835]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guildayi">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFC06F8847B69F8C1" box="[942,1070,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">M. guildayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based primarily on the criteria of size (smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFEC9F8A07E8FF8A5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[353,456,1846,1872]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Asio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFEC9F8A07E8FF8A5" box="[353,456,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Asio otus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larger than
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFDFAF8A07C41F8A5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[594,774,1846,1871]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asio">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFDFAF8A07C41F8A5" box="[594,774,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Megascops asio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFC92F8A07C92F8A5" baseAuthorityName="Elliot" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[826,981,1845,1871]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kennicottii">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFC92F8A07C92F8A5" box="[826,981,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">M. kennicottii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and agreement in morphological details with modern
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFE87F8CC7EEAF899" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[303,429,1882,1907]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFE87F8CC7EEAF899" box="[303,429,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The proximal half of the ulna agrees with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFBA9F8CC7B38F899" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[1025,1151,1882,1907]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFBA9F8CC7B38F899" box="[1025,1151,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFB26F8CF7B9BF899" box="[1166,1244,1881,1907]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFB26F8CF7B9BF899" box="[1166,1244,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Athene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFAB4F8CF7A39F899" box="[1308,1406,1881,1907]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Aegolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFAB4F8CF7A39F899" box="[1308,1406,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Aegolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being more curved than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFE15F8E87EA8F872" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" box="[445,495,1918,1944]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Asio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFE15F8E87EA8F872" box="[445,495,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Asio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFE54F8E87D76F872" box="[508,561,1918,1944]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Strix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFE54F8E87D76F872" box="[508,561,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFDF2F8E87DE2F872" box="[602,677,1918,1944]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Surnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFDF2F8E87DE2F872" box="[602,677,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Surnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The proximal articular surfaces of the femur are broader in relationship to depth than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFE2FF8377E92F851" box="[391,469,1953,1979]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFE2FF8377E92F851" box="[391,469,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Athene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFE53F8377D1AF851" box="[507,605,1953,1979]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Aegolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFE53F8377D1AF851" box="[507,605,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Aegolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, agreeing in this trait with
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFC38F8347B49F851" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[912,1038,1954,1979]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFC38F8347B49F851" box="[912,1038,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and larger owls. No complete long bones of the species are known, and the larger size of the fossil species compared with other
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFDFFEDFB03F8507A6EF835" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[1195,1321,1990,2015]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFDFFEDFB03F8507A6EF835" box="[1195,1321,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evident mainly from the thicker shafts of the ulna and femur. The tarsometatarsus, described and figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFCFFECFABAFF0F7EE0FF3D" author="Brodkorb, P. &amp; Mourer-Chauvire, C." pageId="11" pageNumber="122" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref12403" refString="Brodkorb, P. &amp; Mourer-Chauvire, C. (1984) Pleistocene Birds from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. In: Genoways, H. H. &amp; Dawson, M. R. (Eds.), Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: A Volume in Memorial to John E. Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 8, pp. 39 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1984">Brodkorb &amp; Mourer-Chauviré (1984</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132467F4FFFCFFECFE1BFF2B7D57FF3D" box="[435,528,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1507,1532]" captionTargetBox="[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave compared with modern taxa.A) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641969, caudal aspect; B) left humerus of Meleagris gallopavo, USNM BIRDS 556334 f, caudal aspect; C) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641067, caudal aspect; D) fossil right femur of Coragyps atratus, USNM PAL 641790, cranial aspect; E) right femur of C. atratus, USNM BIRDS 647499 m, cranial aspect; F) fossil proximal right carpometacarpus of fossil Branta dickeyi, USNM PAL 641972, ventral aspect; G) proximal right carpometacarpus of B. canadensis, USNM BIRDS 488182 m, ventral aspect; H) left tarsometatarsus of Falcipennis canadensis, USNM BIRDS 557527 f, plantar aspect; I) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Bonasa umbellus, USNM PAL 641979, plantar aspect; J) left tarsometatarsus of B. umbellus, USNM BIRDS 600360 f imm., plantar aspect; K) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Ectopistes migratorius, USNM PAL 769090, plantar aspect; L) tarsometatarsus of E. migratorius, USNM BIRDS 292904 (captive), plantar aspect; M) fossil left femur of Megascops guildayi, USNM PAL 769089, caudal aspect; N) left femur of Megascops asio, USNM 623630 f, caudal aspect; O) fossil right ulna of M. guildayi, USNM PAL 641984, ventral aspect; P) right ulna of M. asio, USNM BIRDS 623630 f, ventral aspect; Q) right tarsometatarsus of Perisoreus canadensis, USNM BIRDS 639077 f, dorsal aspect; R) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Perisoreus/Cyanocitta), CM 24274, dorsal aspect; S) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Cyanocitta/Perisoreus), USNM PAL 641989, dorsal aspect; T) right tarsometatarsus of Cyanocitta cyanea, USNM BIRDS 499504 f, dorsal aspect. Scale bar 1, for images A–G, = 2 cm. Scale bar 2, for images H–N, = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814015/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Figure 1</figureCitation>
), is referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFCFFECFD64FF287C0DFF3D" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[716,842,190,215]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFD64FF287C0DFF3D" box="[716,842,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on size and narrow, slender form, though proportionately stouter and shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFCFFECFDFEFF777C6AFF11" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[598,813,225,251]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cunicularia">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFDFEFF777C6AFF11" box="[598,813,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Athene cunicularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The tarsometatarsus is not as stout as in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFCFFECFAADFF777EC3FEF5" authority="Ford &amp; Murray 1967" authorityName="Ford &amp; Murray" authorityYear="1967" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Asio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFAADFF777ADBFF11" box="[1285,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Asio brevipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFCFFECFF3FFE937EC3FEF5" author="Ford, N. L. &amp; Murray, B. G. Jr." box="[151,388,261,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" pagination="115 - 117" refId="ref13161" refString="Ford, N. L. &amp; Murray, B. G. Jr. (1967) Fossil owls from the Hagerman local fauna (Upper Pliocene) of Idaho. The Auk, 84, 115 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4083261" type="journal article" year="1967">Ford &amp; Murray 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Upper Pliocene of
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFCFFECFD6DFE937C42FEF5" box="[709,773,261,287]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Idaho</collectingRegion>
nor as slender as in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFCFFECFC43FE937A18FECA" authority="(Ford 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Ford" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1003,1375,261,288]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalospeza">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFC43FE937B96FEF5" box="[1003,1233,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Athene megalospeza</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFCFFECFB77FE937A11FECA" author="Ford, N. L." box="[1247,1366,261,288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" pagination="472 - 475" refId="ref13120" refString="Ford, N. L. (1966) Fossil owls from the Rexroad Fauna of the Upper Pliocene of Kansas. The Condor, 68, 472 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1365319" type="journal article" year="1966">Ford 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Upper Pliocene of
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFCFFECFE3BFEBF7EA3FEA9" box="[403,484,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Kansas</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFCFFECFDB2FEBF7D1AFEA9" box="[538,605,297,323]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Idaho</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFCFFECFF6FFED87BA6FE61" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFF6FFED87E2EFE8D" box="[199,361,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Measurements</emphasis>
. USNM PAL 641984 (ulna), greatest width distal to cotylae,
<quantity id="4CE7D694FFFCFFECFB89FEDA7B3DFE8D" box="[1057,1146,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
. USNM PAL 769089 (femur), proximal lateromedial width from head through trochanter, 7.0 mm; width of head,
<quantity id="4CE7D694FFFCFFECFB2BFEE77B9BFE61" box="[1155,1244,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFCFFECFF6FFE037EC1FDAA" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFCFFECFF6FFE037EC1FDAA" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFF6FFE037E7CFE45" bold="true" box="[199,315,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Remarks.</emphasis>
The only previously known material of this species is the
<typeStatus id="54A4C5D3FFFCFFECFC63FE037CBCFE45" box="[971,1019,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
specimen. The new material bolsters the evidence for a large extinct species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFCFFECFDC5FE2C7DACFE39" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[621,747,442,467]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFDC5FE2C7DACFE39" box="[621,747,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Irvingtonian of
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFCFFECFC40FE2F7B1EFE39" box="[1000,1113,441,467]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Maryland</collectingRegion>
. It is odd that the species has no other fossil record, but perhaps some of the Pliocene fossils referred to
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFC66FE4B7B44FE1D" box="[974,1027,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Otus</emphasis>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFCFFECFB8AFE487BE7FE1D" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1848" box="[1058,1184,478,503]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Megascops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFCFFECFB8AFE487BE7FE1D" box="[1058,1184,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Megascops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are relevant to it (i.e., two bones from the Hagerman local fauna of
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFCFFECFD3BFD977D94FDF1" box="[659,723,513,539]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Idaho</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFCFFECFD49FD977C88FDF6" author="Ford, N. L. &amp; Murray, B. G. Jr." box="[737,975,513,540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" pagination="115 - 117" refId="ref13161" refString="Ford, N. L. &amp; Murray, B. G. Jr. (1967) Fossil owls from the Hagerman local fauna (Upper Pliocene) of Idaho. The Auk, 84, 115 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4083261" type="journal article" year="1967">Ford &amp; Murray 1967</bibRefCitation>
) and one from the Rexroad Formation of
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFCFFECFF3FFDB37FAFFDD5" box="[151,232,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="11" pageNumber="122">Kansas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFCFFECFF5FFDB37E28FDAA" author="Ford, N. L." box="[247,367,549,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="122" pagination="472 - 475" refId="ref13120" refString="Ford, N. L. (1966) Fossil owls from the Rexroad Fauna of the Upper Pliocene of Kansas. The Condor, 68, 472 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1365319" type="journal article" year="1966">Ford 1966</bibRefCitation>
)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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