118 lines
11 KiB
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118 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="BF280885C6E52A726A7BADADBB0F53A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="34437" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZooBank="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="A5C6102171FE7F0804ADF4D3EB7AD168" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Qwaqwaia Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey & Melika 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1732636387186" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="31F196D49C8C4C3BBA160EE0F6914708" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="25325B0ED0C0D86FF4EB70205ACA8121">
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<mods:title id="63BEE3F664FA10A0334ED63B4F6C117B">Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A1EC58976E65277DC1E14DA15DF33166" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DCD15211987921B40EA51D1E467A0764">
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<mods:roleTerm id="529FB086893B360EEC26860B08AB1716">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4885C3E2D6D201CF28B903CA8324C0B4">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5F65C56CAD85C48A98CEA49A6F03B58D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="362093AEBE80AEED1BA3B80328D0588D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="09070090DC4B0F144627C80D30873D0A">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A9FEE33E33375311355001D2E5779ED3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="449A8D51710E5495886F760CC4A51897">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7C86FC64254CD42771886AF853DB9C11">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="55A8DF1818FA6F6AA268A40E9907BAE7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="34D964DE58496066BC8BBDACE65C7E31">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="34919607AF24784E5E6AD1EC48D8140A">
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<mods:date id="5BA27A3F239268AAF796A99998C6D03A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3D9C5C596A271FDD1A919F10102233FC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EAE9FE8F5450511ADEBC738BF6EB4B08">493</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="D8E22D493630EF593E5283345F6497B3" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="452320F971D3B373FF75E40FD7F64FD1">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3C20508A513A591895F576330AF9502E">176</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="B02C5208400E34B9C49B6C465FB746CA">
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<mods:url id="BB72AB850504428D061E1B30F365B633">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="3C990257D241D54CEF13F065ABEA9EAB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7B0CEB33E3369951CB78465BB9B1CBE8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="651DB9CFE5DEB728B3B76EF498E600A3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="478912F89C3E7ED3362EB3F585BF7B52" type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A5C6102171FE7F0804ADF4D3EB7AD168" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059189" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A5C6102171FE7F0804ADF4D3EB7AD168" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A5C6102171FE7F0804ADF4D3EB7AD168" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Cynipidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_superFamily="Cynipoidea" scope_tribe="Qwaqwaiini">
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<subSubSection id="9A771082A16FA7B595CF1488B2BD0443" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="2322DFDBA528AA05235DDD0F98A1FF2F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Cynipidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28533773876DE0FF5C02969B031A738E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9756E0EF31599DFB34263F284745F058" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="439D99CB8E4060B62320D99B962EE814" authority="Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey & Melika, 2011" authorityName="Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey & Melika" authorityYear="2011" genus="Qwaqwaia" lsidName="Qwaqwaia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Qwaqwaia Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey & Melika, 2011</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DA0D68BEFCEF7E673BFDB1DE43B9526" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="7D365D2C1BFB0FFF3C70B09AABD5FA69" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DCFC11376F52BB4DF2F2F9821C2B608" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="379CD2BF9633729C58A11CFF7D9143A3" genus="Qwaqwaia" lsidName="Qwaqwaia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Qwaqwaia</taxonomicName>
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has a dorsally wide pronotum, a character shared with members of the
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<taxonomicName id="0E93E0434A8BCD8A1076B4DFB6CD24AC" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<taxonomicName id="D36EBC90EE7F8629F4AD3C9715511D83" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="tribe" tribe="Aylacini">Aylacini</taxonomicName>
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(especially some species of
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<taxonomicName id="E02EFE95F82FD536528CA6379E85FA8A" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanacis</taxonomicName>
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). However, the presence of only two prominent teeth on the right mandible and a parascutal carina that extends anteriorly all the way to the notaulus separate
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<taxonomicName id="73CC5BB13545D0C40F6D811D69A363BB" genus="Qwaqwaia" lsidName="Qwaqwaia scolopiae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="scolopiae">Qwaqwaia scolopiae</taxonomicName>
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from species of these two tribes (
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<bibRefCitation id="FD868095DC387319B9B03C2AF7902808" author="Liljeblad, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="35 - 52" title="Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa." volume="2806" year="2011">Liljeblad et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9233DF56A85D72AB434CB5B437DA2F4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="413749DD78D148FE3957524FDBEAF80B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6435D3157FA0099CD06FE610B2C2206" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="E98157D8FC82BB755564043A8BC614F6" genus="Qwaqwaia" lsidName="Qwaqwaia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">Qwaqwaia</taxonomicName>
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has a strong, sharp occipital carina, which distinguishes this genus from both other Afrotropical representatives of this family where the carina is absent. Marginal cell of forewing closed, with veins heavily pigmented, a character state shared with
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<taxonomicName id="6B5F58842D0B2D1237E3B84A18D54E7D" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhoophilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhoophilus</taxonomicName>
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, however, the areolet is elongate rhomboidal whereas it is triangular in
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<taxonomicName id="90BBAA9E401EE5FF7AC75F5EC4DB810F" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhoophilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhoophilus</taxonomicName>
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. The hypopygium is short, abrupt, without a projecting ventral spine (present in both other genera), with dense setae forming an apical tuft.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="093AA47C6EC9AE7347F8FCE8D85D4590" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph id="B4D32B0853016A39BDB52A2EEA5DE390" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="28044FE785E22E2C465E440E16490611" genus="Qwaqwaia" lsidName="Qwaqwaia scolopiae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="scolopiae">Qwaqwaia scolopiae</taxonomicName>
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female (Holotype, South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3F9D202FBA67A8CF7B554D6D0CEB460" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="biology">
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<paragraph id="8468FDDAD110EFEC0C914BD2821D789F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9629FCA0B00A9D0DB597860CE6A248DD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Gall inducer on
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<taxonomicName id="BBFC95DB6B6C00611E7C8D1940E85541" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Scolopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scolopia mundii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mundii">Scolopia mundii</taxonomicName>
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(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. (
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<taxonomicName id="09B03D4BE6DFA2912F5E4EFC5D365A4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynipoidea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
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), a tree in the eudicot subclass
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<taxonomicName id="A919EF65D8C3640994EA7DBCA64385A7" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="subclass" subclass="Rosidae">Rosidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="68D2446861921DA45E02D6D69BC1CA8D" author="Liljeblad, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="35 - 52" title="Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa." volume="2806" year="2011">Liljeblad et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="89412448CDDE79F69CD1FB6D344F331F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="BD12BC6C35D6D29DC9CC396B2BAE1A41" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1005F8F81C2E9D99FB2C97296163FB9B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">South Africa: Kwazulu-Natal; Mpumalanga.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABAC03993844AB215021438D6073DD43" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="species richness">
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<paragraph id="BDC830E447AB9DB70BEA67AFB74A66BD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Species richness.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E55235809DA9D350DA17E6D15816F78C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="3B3C4025D5B32C94F10449A60695CA5D" genus="Qwaqwaia" lsidName="Qwaqwaia scolopiae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="scolopiae">Qwaqwaia scolopiae</taxonomicName>
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Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey & Melika, 2011 (South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |