314 lines
31 KiB
XML
314 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="2ABFEB0D55C455FD98BD5EA8723DEB5B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum arenicola Särkinen & P. Gonzáles, PhytoKeys 44: 53. 2015." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="5FAEB30E5E8B9D4F99622AB34B45D546" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="70277F6358B7FAFDBB0265B5506DE2DA">
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<mods:title id="2A429F432FAB5D94B841162DC925B713">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DA236336F2B7DA1A46857F8AAEA678BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7DC24C3856D03158B8C18BE95E5C02F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A35A43DF81BFB7116E2C4252151952B3">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E469B2072D90F4328D4A14186E12AE8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA52B14057C13EE44F815C9FC4F37A98">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F93BEFECC05F25C4C4D14302BE51D838" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D548E713D38519C4B093BC2EA9B53260">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="427E1C6C515FA9614EEEFFC5020EE974">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="604B9C561ED77C7E15FD66D079D4BB9D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2D13969459A8DADC49F4676D222AA0A">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="393D2A1A9204D2CCD1059B1B5895C1BE">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="124A8CDE4DA685176E602AC75045455D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8452ECC9C2F5222CEC3EB91A09D98642">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="720F3858349C7A97C5DDE8E24411E815">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6AAD4F6B03EA9970AAF22D8499D712C8">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E40B2421E2557A8B321DF0682D82F3A9">
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<mods:date id="2FBC07666D2BD8D6F40950981AB4A681">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F25E7D89970A2A69BB9C9FBF421B103">2023-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2014DE00D2BB8AD95C084E0C67C7B358">231</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BDE451456D18EA7F116629AE3ED3568B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="383295EE48EB3CAE680D31A0C725715C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="48FC9E38513AE4F45A70EEA3C25CA8C3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7EF7A9555A19A7B110B257780A8427D3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="898FAAF3200B73DDB2C7BF848731BCBB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-231-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2ABFEB0D55C455FD98BD5EA8723DEB5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2ABFEB0D55C455FD98BD5EA8723DEB5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2ABFEB0D55C455FD98BD5EA8723DEB5B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="EE904F64134C89C58087D3A3FCE9F117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="793DFFB94650F6E2AD3A65AB01183438" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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7.
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<taxonomicName id="F62884A26DD30ECDBA2906557AF3B570" ID-CoL="4XZKQ" authority="Saerkinen & P. Gonzales, PhytoKeys 44: 53. 2015." authorityName="Särkinen & P. Gonzáles, PhytoKeys 44: 53. 2015." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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Solanum arenicola
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<normalizedToken id="3DE9379D0A101F6E819C2A72BE96AB32" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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& P.
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<normalizedToken id="E5D61A491F347B3B181000F331D2641A" originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
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, PhytoKeys 44: 53. 2015.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3A1D826C74DAC978E60927017A9D712" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EAD1739FAD705C1B084A63E69449F710" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="985463F8792ACA96D74C150632F052A6" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Solanum arenicola A flowering and fruiting branch B fruiting branch C stem detail with glandular multi-cellular trichomes D flower bud E flower at full anthesis F dissected flower G infructescence H fruit I seed (A-I Parada & Rojas 2506). Illustration by C. Banks." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897485" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 24</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3D9BC1A6820C059C61C341FCC6111776" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Solanum arenicola A habit B buds and flowers, showing the dense glandular pubescence C maturing fruits with reflexed pedicels D leaf size and shape variation within an individual plant (A-D Saerkinen & Balarezo 4866). Photos by T. Saerkinen. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2015 c: 54)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897486" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 25</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C895453D77001E0B4031948EDB46188" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="87F6F40372F082D6658CFB4872F2B6EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="B31129B277A5C4E3225B0538474AF73A">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E70FACA82B6D97C38D82150F3D0F2DC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="F9AFD89289CA1D31D5B2263D69C14984" collectingDate="2014-08-03" collectorName="T. Saerkinen, A. Balarezo" country="Peru" elevation="186" latitude="-12.735001" location="Puerto Maldonado" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.22972" municipality="Infierno" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="E87F9D3E60137E66296AFFC97005CF41" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="3F79E211209A7523A914BE0152E7E29F" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
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: Prov. Tambopata, in the boat harbor of
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<collectingMunicipality id="B2FF9FDABD9EC94CA414822A2222D3A4">Infierno</collectingMunicipality>
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, ca.
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<quantity id="C5D608E3B8614404366B78DB4712DE44" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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SW by road from
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<location id="A47788277683C6640033FE7D72F9498A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2ABFEB0D55C455FD98BD5EA8723DEB5B:A47788277683C6640033FE7D72F9498A" country="Peru" latitude="-12.735001" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.22972" municipality="Infierno" name="Puerto Maldonado" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Puerto Maldonado</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="51028D05F852DB33FDA03488AEBC3CE0" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-12.735001">12°44'06"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="942D65DFCC106CA7513DF2ADA16E417C" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-69.22972">69°13'47"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="2E48DDDD32169F2E78083FA439F69F25" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" unit="m" value="186.0">
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<elevation id="5347CF1C676D5746F57C30F07317D493" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" unit="m" value="186.0">186 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate id="2339154A8A7125175D9CCD15791B6BAC" value="2014-08-03">3 Aug 2014</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="8BD0FA1956959BE95339F65D4F82442F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="5C5B59E10E8DAF79930FE5CC71B83639">
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T.
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<normalizedToken id="68CB701BB9BBC1A16B98340594B2C5C1" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="A955717B5F26EB05017FB9F692AA41C5">A. Balarezo</collectorName>
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4866
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="D93483F069C9AAF55291EF04D0101C41">holotype</typeStatus>
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: USM; isotypes: to be distributed to BM, E, F, GHMDD, HOXA, MO, MOL)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B523B5DFD634FADF81CDE2F969B5678B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897485" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
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<paragraph id="D90370C54D7F123C750CAFCFAAB48F78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="C3130D6AD417DBA7D4B9322D121E0F25" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B8B48B4197298D73DEE9949E42DBCD34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="1663B813610D7CC60296C3563CB46BA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9E26AABF16B050D2E86758DA3DCEF027" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering and fruiting branch
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<emphasis id="F9CBF47F75D758A7E905434156BAF5C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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fruiting branch
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<emphasis id="BA89B1B051423EFE66DB846D1A424C9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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stem detail with glandular multi-cellular trichomes
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<emphasis id="0C75D94ECA90F92FFAA9D2653E126C21" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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flower bud
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<emphasis id="AB1B48F52C09D24CBD54777DE9AAD441" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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flower at full anthesis
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<emphasis id="1C32B0114A1C6D20F5113BA6129163D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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dissected flower
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<emphasis id="7DE537C0AA4B3F126EDCC6AD2BAFE886" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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infructescence
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<emphasis id="DF65430298C7C6C50A6BBE2679973760" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis id="937CC2F991057BAFCC1BC5F30CC13B16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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seed (
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<emphasis id="4E5A835CC11C35EAFD8BB68EBA190BAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-I</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="28E58363FAB497FB82E5D09A6944513E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Parada & Rojas 2506</emphasis>
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). Illustration by C. Banks.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D52CE7C317C8D66390117165B78FE9B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="68D2528BB498131D5647D0423D740803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="239375F22376657317B39901BC0EC92F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herb or vigorous, weak-stemmed shrub 0.2-1.5 m high. Stems slightly angled, sparsely to densely glandular-pubescent with simple, translucent, uniseriate 3-8-celled trichomes 0.8-2 mm long with glandular tips; new growth densely pubescent with spreading glandular trichomes like those of the stem. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, the blades 2.6-13 cm long, 0.8-5 cm wide, ovate to broadly ovate, widest in the lower third, membranous, discolorous; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface paler or tinged with purple, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stem restricted to the veins; principal veins 5-7 pairs; base acute to cuneate and decurrent on the petiole; margins variable from entire to undulate to shallowly lobed; apex acute-acuminate; petiole 0.5-5 cm long, sparsely to densely pubescent with glandular trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences internodal, unbranched, 2-3.5 cm long, with 3-8(9) flowers, sparsely to densely pubescent with spreading glandular trichomes like those of the stem; peduncle 1-2.4 cm long; pedicels 0.5-0.7 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the base and 0.4 mm at apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars unevenly spaced 1-2.5 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube ca. 1 mm long, shallow, the lobes 0.2-0.5 mm long, triangular with acute apices, sparsely to densely pubescent with glandular trichomes like those of the stem. Corolla 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter, stellate, white with a purple-yellow or yellow-green central eye at the base, lobed 2/3 to the base, the lobes ca. 3.5-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, densely pubescent abaxially with glandular trichomes like those of the stems, glabrous adaxially. Stamens more or less equal; filament tube 1-1.2 mm long; free portion of the filaments slightly unequal in length, the lower two ca. 1.5 mm long, the upper three ca. 1-1.2 mm long, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 1-3-celled trichomes on the side facing the ovary; anthers 3-4 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm wide at base and 0.5-0.6 mm wide at apex, cylindrical, narrowing towards the apex, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary ellipsoid, glabrous; style 4-5.7 mm long, straight, long-exserted beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent up to 2/3 of the length with 1-6-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, these longer at the base and becoming gradually shorter towards the middle; stigma clavate, minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.35-0.7 cm in diameter, green, turning purplish black when ripe, the pericarp thin, shiny, opaque, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-2 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at apex, strongly recurved, not persistent; fruiting calyx lobes appressed to the berry, the tips not reflexed. Seeds 35-45 per berry, ca. 0.8 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, flattened-reniform, narrowing towards one end, yellow, the sub-laterally positioned hilum positioned towards the narrower end, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells 4 per berry, 0.75-1 mm in diameter, scattered throughout, relatively large compared to the seeds, white or cream-coloured. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
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<caption id="B77AD0A86D995F15278D27E8469D1DA3" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897486" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
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<paragraph id="81338770AA6490C24C3DCBE8170089DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="7A14FBFCE5698EBBDDEA87F45D556717" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CAD69436E42EFC02F7718045859CC1CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="7F69E2E16131442F7A8B08C052BAB65F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="35F99B035AA0F83A8ACC21B6317C0B4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis id="59C3B20F51F511D0058E850C2752AACC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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buds and flowers, showing the dense glandular pubescence
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<emphasis id="3C33D29ADA50699F95D1F0577204B1A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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maturing fruits with reflexed pedicels
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<emphasis id="DEE03FF916E7C4852DE94964EBA7897C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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leaf size and shape variation within an individual plant (
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<emphasis id="E14D9854E65345FB6BE14C69BF5706C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F87DACF035D9E29D425A33FDD1A7F7F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken id="FDF2184C07AAC9F9DD60D568E1BB9473" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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& Balarezo 4866
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</emphasis>
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). Photos by T.
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<normalizedToken id="81C61F306926920D61516DFD01B0D619" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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. Previously published in
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<bibRefCitation id="FB4A1EB2E50E20AAFEF09F2EC442C9C9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" author="Saerkinen, TE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 64" refId="B207" refString="Saerkinen, TE, Gonzales, P, Knapp, S, 2015c. Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America. PhytoKeys 44: 39 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" title="Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" volume="44" year="2015 c">
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<normalizedToken id="89D0252058F451B0DC4627208B711D80" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2015c
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 54).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BC57CF950F5C40885A9FC18A16D49AFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6BB9C24113FD49C195E4B56E5E76600F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3AD50FF6060E3145F8EDCE7AC3485B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="94F7BDA7D4204E756A869A000274D719" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="00C5FC5690F95C2D23F54B47283D4B0C" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Distribution map of Solanum arenicola." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897487" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1ABD5821839F10FEB510BA604C75AAE1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="CF3242FC2C5DAA6DF09465DA40BAC1C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs in the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Bolivia (Depts. Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz) and Peru (Depts. Cusco,
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<normalizedToken id="8CC13A233F93FC297EED19C5B1D3E6D5" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
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, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno). Currently,
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<taxonomicName id="C56F888C63683125A62F27747E8C32A4" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="89A7EDCCEE2BC50CF3517CB64944CD7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from central and southern Peru and from Bolivia, but it is likely that the species also occurs in adjacent areas of Brazil in the State of
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<normalizedToken id="F0F9FF75618BA3C7B7365392B0C71DE7" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
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, where the
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<normalizedToken id="3CEE3023C4EA9E530F2736522A56B4D7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Madre de Dios and
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<normalizedToken id="F5E9CA69BD11BB2F75663287AB388855" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Beni join and cross into Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6E7A845F626FA6342BD996583B107F8C" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897487" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
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<paragraph id="465E36608802517F4A18096D7AFC2890" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="526FF77AFD4B97D2098A9AAC41367551" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
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Distribution map of
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<taxonomicName id="3C4C3923CF4500197F780742741F11EF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="61D1512A1CFC72CA8444020CD8C56B8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E49FD166F68CEDF504040A624BD4719B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="C1705488341190442B91F9BE76C500CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="07D7668A3D7A6774050FC55811B8D8EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="AB8B9D2AD4562FB53BC2A554EBCF60AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="AD5A924D275AC5CE9C82AABC28189058" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows on sandbanks and river margins, tree fall gaps, and in disturbed sites near houses and fields in open, sandy soil in lowland moist rain forest, with occasional records from seasonally dry semi-deciduous forests, often associated with lowland rain forest pioneer species; from 0 to 600 (1,300) m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BC6A96730CD557D7A916AA2CE6FAD48B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph id="EB52B940F2871B7155DAA2507D254BBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53A0283BFEB7752B490E85EEE28CDCDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="157C9C0B6B754C535860C5A49D25E84D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph id="A63304668495D7D51BE8DC4B915C371C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="173462C90E4E86CCF22FFA6BB7AB7E10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="BC043991338DFDD71B451E210609E4C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA7900B0E7F5D7B8D1B18BEC0DA647F5" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 748,101 km2 [LC]; AOO = 164 km2 [EN].
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<taxonomicName id="5F1A1C4B22874A042BE55C9AE3DBEFC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="61EA299C7CB34A276DAAF91494CA4373" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows in disturbed sites along rivers, tree falls, and cultivations where bare sandy soils are available, and its association with other pioneer species indicates that the species is not sensitive to human disturbance from expanding construction and agriculture. It occurs within protected areas in Peru (Parque Nacional Manu) and Bolivia (Parque Nacional
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<normalizedToken id="F312F399C73A564EF8EC820BFE19AC8E" originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F4C371E7127B497EEDE6F12941FDDF0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="42A5ABC5C16029580418BADCE528232E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE0AB0C89F9649A937335DCEC8743407" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="58CB8E48C5D726FBFD706FC78CDE09B5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="1DBAAE87EEA50EDB80391B438D5AD71D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the few morelloids known from lowland humid forests in South America. It can be easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="D8BF6CC2A9B7C34F0DE53DB99997E6DE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
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<emphasis id="20390ED7F41D64B276439CA076FF16DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only other similar morelloid species found in these habitats in its larger anthers (3-4 mm long versus less than 1.5 mm long) and its glandular pubescence. Specimens without locality information can be easily confused with
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<taxonomicName id="60EC812A117AA0E2E624054A96988FCC" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="46AB1CD1CE5C1EE630FFE58C66DC85FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of Central and northern South America,
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<taxonomicName id="4503DEFA3B5DAEF3ABC8F73563A52EE2" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aloysiifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aloysiifolium">
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<emphasis id="DC6445DBD505F188801EAC110C70B237" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aloysiifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of middle to high elevations in Argentina and Bolivia or
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<taxonomicName id="FAF6A42377DF4DB831A2D09985DCE3E1" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. subtusviolaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subtusviolaceum">
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<emphasis id="7E4E60890970DC3E437319096D5CD3C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. subtusviolaceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of low to middle elevations in Peru and Bolivia. Both
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<taxonomicName id="4AD434E04E2E0B820B32C1E9E8C1F12D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="D17BC827FFD02D2BB129CACEF72CDC50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="739CC8861D939AE0E522B6E1EC4AB20C" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="8EC7A954A55E9CCC40FE18EC3E232F07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have unbranched inflorescences, but
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<taxonomicName id="C521C758BBD781BFA2C27F753FE4D9E8" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="636BFF8D638302DCBC7E18D6E900818C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
differs in having longer anthers (3-4 mm long) compared to
|
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<taxonomicName id="2ED9795690B1018BC07B59C60A837C93" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="269BC3C120042438F43CE39349D06604" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(2-2.5 mm long) and in the possession of glandular hairs (
|
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<taxonomicName id="43C28614AE2EB8557B545D10DFA75F87" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="E420CBE49A2719BE9A0C9C7423AFFE12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is eglandular). The anthers are similar in size and shape to those of
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<taxonomicName id="3333C587661D7AF13D60459F01681429" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aloysiifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aloysiifolium">
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<emphasis id="3BF0DB83A4E4D030C03FB8C51D9956DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aloysiifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName id="36BAE1D9DC76E81ACF4221C26F815B0C" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="96C96551BE0721177DD8087F6232EE10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
has unbranched inflorescences and glandular pubescence, while
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<taxonomicName id="F4F64A3B16C73495CEA05FB843595031" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aloysiifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aloysiifolium">
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<emphasis id="AFCD7DBB826304A337CEFFF9EC8DDFDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aloysiifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has forked inflorescences (sometimes many branched) and is eglandular.
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<taxonomicName id="5972F6B9089CB04FE9A2BCA9D90AE049" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola">
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<emphasis id="F3187E7C7EF35C8E0F3CC29C01FB3DFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum arenicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="617B7D071CEA84855F699491457206FA" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. subtusviolaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subtusviolaceum">
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<emphasis id="315CDB2DDF0AD801F4A56E9158D10FAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. subtusviolaceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having internodal inflorescences (versus leaf-opposed), much reduced calyx lobes to only 0.5 mm long (versus 2-3.5 mm long), and a more exserted style extending 2-3 mm beyond the anther cone at anthesis (versus 0-0.5 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |