460 lines
53 KiB
XML
460 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="2E6F7FF1F69DCCEBBD5D47660AABDFC0" ID-CLB-Dataset="34017" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c002c6d-4645-4928-8a0e-858297130aea" ID-PMC="PMC5345366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-659-1" ID-PubMed="28331414" ID-ZooBank="79A6393D802141B8BF1A2A3723AFECFB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-659-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 659" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera01" checkinTime="1488530971931" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri & Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2017" docId="DF4E8EA99E3567592DCC97910F2E8511" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 659: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 659" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717" docTitle="Caribena versicolor Walckenaer 1837, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFA6FFBF3818FF9EFFA3775FFFB3FFB3" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1701375458449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="2AFDEA827B15E1B1D9A167575A66B459" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="24339BEBC7574C3F66A8910AB5E2E2D7">
|
||
<mods:title id="CC94C7F16C80540B58C51A8162B27AB7">Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="4817B05E5BBDC815C3A2C81416A531E3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="EF3B899318D18B91E8C56A70F5DEE500">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AFFB7302EB0D26B31CBAB9D0B9F7B507">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B829EF16D277DB3F3364C8A02217615B">Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="50D06D4B3D2E55B1E457C2F5260F6AEF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="56A248903744951D203C3382C8EFE219">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8795132B15920D21A0A5B1F5D1AE7E1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F22328B86A4B567813CEB1E622C5C2B0">Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2EE846036849FC18262B24C3E3E084CA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B18755D0B85F13ED53D5C45E331315BF" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6A0CB8CD2A2A5B83DC1D27109D1BB851">
|
||
<mods:title id="243C0E48982E824E69E231922EA7C931">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="8E84EA6FCD2D2451037915FA8AC13142">
|
||
<mods:date id="9677F6113711B9549D35D28A14B24D6D">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D51EAB4FB9DE65F239E60E30E60F74F8" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="196741A3036E2D27DCDF43EDFBCAAC9A">659</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="BB95631756FE7A2AB1556987BF67E1CA" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4874F3BDE5CA5BBCB328A12FD3C43EFB">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3FAB8BA4703F1337D56A1109D701C6CD">185</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="147D42D5197BCB061B35AEBA9D7D695C">
|
||
<mods:url id="5CCA16360D2A614F57A3A87044003432">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1E1E7B39D5FA34FC51F6180359791294">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="752BAFCD0927CC6BDB4AD81E4AEBD127" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="67F4F2EB39E5FE6FFB57A69B2E74BD1B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-659-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8F8019BBFDA9FF6CBA253A7F048B4464" type="ZooBank">79A6393D802141B8BF1A2A3723AFECFB</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="DF4E8EA99E3567592DCC97910F2E8511" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF4E8EA99E3567592DCC97910F2E8511" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF4E8EA99E3567592DCC97910F2E8511" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<subSubSection id="61E5B4EBFDB9992D843497E6EF93F4FD" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="C809D2AC1A4C31B8BC3C04BE51F2B7C4" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="013063CA0C79978235650FC6BDAF4371" ID-CoL="RCSY" authority="Walckenaer, 1837" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor (Walckenaer, 1837)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="067CB8C07D8BF09A935A81D351B182EF" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 18, 226, 230, 244-251, 252-255, 306
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F36AB334EDC9713F402FBD2A0C719C6E" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F737836D4ACDA839708B0DF4F17ECE50" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B658699ADD795B52E42DA44982249974" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="2FF181B443DB9A0C318D9B82A1AEF407" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="start">Mygale</pageBreakToken>
|
||
versicolor
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walckenaer, 1837: 211 (holotype considered lost).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="30466853D32797A0CF5315666AF627E1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12FEE4CED9C1D8E5BAA566BE9DEB564A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rutilans" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Avicularia rutilans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ausserer, 1875: 184, t. 7, fig. 34 (holotype male, N. Granada, Keyserling collection, BMNH 1890.7.1.359, examined); F. O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3551300FD7C07D0B7FD75EDA4CED06C" author="Pickard-Cambridge, FO" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="716 - 766" title="On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of the steamship " Faraday " up the river Amazons." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31200747page/810/mode/1up" volume="1896" year="1896">Pickard-Cambridge 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 744;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD946C9B1DDB37F3D675B7D576B4264B" author="Petrunkevitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of American Museum Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 791" title="A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23819" volume="29" year="1911">Petrunkevitch 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 50,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7512D0337F65A7C5BA79B3CB2EB26EB9" author="Petrunkevitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="133 - 338" title="Catalogue of American spiders. Part one." volume="33" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2D9BB665444257DB3EA2C5C372835E3" author="Mello-Leitao, CF de" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 438" title="Theraphosoideas do Brasil." volume="13" year="1923">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4128429625A24E11F8EA81C19D274FF" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
1923
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 377;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8939FE78EBDD51C94AAF178EA1623688" author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="Bremen" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 1040" title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940." volume="1" year="1942">Roewer 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 255;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1F31094E0EFDB2D835C7275C05777D2" author="Bonnet, P" journalOrPublisher="Douladoure, Tolouse" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="919 - 1926" title="Bibliographie araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939" year="1955">Bonnet 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 832;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7A63AF053399A8FE3A1642B3B76CCC9" author="Wheeler, QD" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, Bern" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C37E1BDC15A521E0AF7E512CA26C667A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="482742AFF9F58DF21838C01ACAF669B0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Avicularia versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1ECFAF50614A3B06305E9B290D977BA" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Paris, tome 1" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" title="Histoire naturelle des araignees." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973" year="1892">Simon 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 171, 172;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD15BEEFCDF28F6DB7ED35C68A99F5A4" author="Petrunkevitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of American Museum Natural History" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 791" title="A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23819" volume="29" year="1911">Petrunkevitch 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51, 766,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BB1652FBD7EF7C329C6E6AD10C0973D9" author="Petrunkevitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="133 - 338" title="Catalogue of American spiders. Part one." volume="33" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 288;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="52972719C6F78BED9C892C06602B8080" author="Mello-Leitao, CF de" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 438" title="Theraphosoideas do Brasil." volume="13" year="1923">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F035EF45182BB7596CBDFB9FE856E3AC" originalValue="Mello-Leitão">Mello-Leitao</normalizedToken>
|
||
1923
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 377;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27E26CCA7CFD94081FB4BAF43532AFC2" author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="Bremen" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 1040" title="Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940." volume="1" year="1942">Roewer 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 255;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5F89E1F16C76C5D29EC0B678E6832A9" author="Wheeler, QD" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, Bern" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5E926ACB6421A46CF95D1AC512D2AA7" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6F6F61C45628D59515EC3E35E42AC4" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ADD1CE3F933FBF35333AC9CE25F59767" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC071AFF8A6C4623795CACB54FCBD5CC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rutilans" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Avicularia rutilans</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype has same morphology of palpal bulb, tibial apophysis and urticating setae II and the characteristic intense green sheen found in specimens from Martinique. Despite labeled as coming from N. Granada (Colombia, see discussion below), it is undoubtedly a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45193943516F4CEDB9FE172A139F3A75" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n. Thus, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF8529F4A46BF1CDC82AE549E951D402" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rutilans" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Avicularia rutilans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ausserer, 1875 as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BDBC085B722D5E69AE9F48B705A6FA0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walckenaer, 1837) comb. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E9599651465C241AFC8F4266B0337B46" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<paragraph id="6DEB032CBBD2079C3E8F1BD86A2C76BD" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Figures 244-251.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="557AE88357233F4CE58CA9075A104DF9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walckenaer, 1837) comb. n., male neotype (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F737C514B461897FE7C34A40924E5054" originalValue="MNHN–AR">MNHN-AR</normalizedToken>
|
||
4904). 244-247 left palpal bulb 244 prolateral 245 retrolateral 246 frontal 247 dorsal 248 left cymbium, dorsal 249-251 left tibial apophysis of leg I 249 prolateral 250 ventral 251 retrolateral. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC04FAB08F5FD887D5C2654C8BF3E2F8" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2DE0B3018126C24EDFDF06B6BAD6F055" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="320991E668B545D6CEAE74A3E066FA48" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Females can be distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1523E36BE3A0A29E63051F7F5F69FAE" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena laeta" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">Caribena laeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n. by spermathecae with accentuated outwards curvature medially and by lacking intumescence on apex (Fig. 230). Males differ from males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB07D38EDA5FF5B7805C785FF8C6F072" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena laeta" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">Caribena laeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n. by developed prominence on tegulum (Fig. 246), embolus medial portion and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2039F683095384B673931F6FAE98C9A5" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
margin form an acute angle in retrolateral view (Fig. 245) and by very curved shape of basal part of embolus in frontal view (Fig. 246).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8554BC35A3194A82F647CFB643C088EE" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7542A316F3B4486C2CC1BA5B0A134FB" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="071D3820B0A871FE62AEBA6437DD4D4F" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Holotype considered, herein, lost since it is not in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F49B63799E5F22FD1AA14ABC92FF4CAF" originalValue="MNHN–AR">MNHN-AR</normalizedToken>
|
||
where it should be deposited according to description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43C5B0C88BBD3354D7314875FCA7C67C" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here, we establish the male AR 4904 as the neotype since no holotype is believed to be extant and a type is considered necessary to define the taxon objectively because the original name is involved in a complex taxonomic problem (article 75.1,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38E12D6B86C3EFEB29AC9FE6BC6FAE2C" author="Hendrixson, BE" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edn)" url="http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="35E29205CCC900FF5871DAE05D5A6F6A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<paragraph id="0EBD4E631A054BA4816E539652BF0695" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Figures 252-255.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DED26531BAB09AE9439CC29E60B255FB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walckenaer, 1837) comb. n., habitus. 252 immature 253 juvenile 254 female 255 male. Arrow: urticating setae type II on conspicuous patch on dorsal abdomen. Photos: R. C. West.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9BF919B9EEE019B325AC46F673868B84" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C7C1C12371BE50869771C4155298518C" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="554E7AC84C78B7CBA5EE8D087D6CCF6C" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Martinique, 6 females, 2 males (one male established here as neotype), 1 immature male, Gambey col., (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="63BB75D84870591987196B7202A4C044" originalValue="MNHN–AR">MNHN-AR</normalizedToken>
|
||
4904, Box 314).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D677158ACECC494B7CEFF180DD117D24" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AC4A9D28CB1B73B9A4A31AD2DC542EA7" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E015B465ED65D9F41D25C16A67695195" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
CUBA: 1 male, 2 females (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="157B7730A51EB89D09B572D223801BAB" originalValue="MNHN–AR">MNHN-AR</normalizedToken>
|
||
); MARTINIQUE: Le Carbet [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="27AD24B55EDA20AED90BFC0B250DA788" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.7">14°42'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="669E77020962A2B923ADB0DB26DD3417" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.166668">61°10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], Morne Carbet, 1500 m, forest, 2 males, 18 March 1967 (AMNH); 1 male, Beatty col., 1967 (AMNH), from trees, 1 female (AMNH); Absalon [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DFF51B0FBD4134B1DD6DB8A46DC91F95" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.683333">14°41'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="290697887938FA5978319AFB2C3E1EA4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.1">61°6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 immature male, Vaunes, 16 June 1960 (AMNH Ma); Anse
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CBFE5E5003E8FA8501D67E9C8BDF9B9B" originalValue="Céron">Ceron</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="553F2C72934B2E39D4EDF29DC35A6945" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.833333">14°50'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="47BA4060815514F659B987F3D6169E98" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.216667">61°13'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 km SE, 1 male, J. Paterson col., 7 July 1998 (AMNH RW07), same data, 1 male (AMNH RW06); 1 male, Le
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C937EFDB33557C4941C9E7405BBAF270" originalValue="Prêcheur">Precheur</normalizedToken>
|
||
, west of Mountain
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0F4582E75556909E1043B054115D7D7E" originalValue="Pelée">Pelee</normalizedToken>
|
||
, P. Charbonnet col., 21 August 1998, on side of tree (MNRJ 06914).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5E0086A57765F0925843BE25FD1EC14" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="43916A28066BDDB24785C8DE2A79476F" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="079D19192F0E459C983F758C23297D95" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
In order to describe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F24F95B14A4CB01EBCC3E7A5650BF792" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57338131D91EBA4B2A6C2421671D4CD5" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used a female from Guadeloupe and a male from Brazil. Even though he considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7F45ADCA0DBE0925C48BC64B277910F" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aranea hirtipes" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="10312C2A7CADD8BBAD7EC6C25A2D95B3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="start">Aranea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
hirtipes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fabricius, 1787 described from French Guiana as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9512C0C3227B89A7E7BC01B16F6F10AB" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1247F141CAC8004D249AF1A81E48B6E0" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include Cayenne nor Brazil in the distribution area, only Guadeloupe and Martinique. Concerning the description, the female corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A4EDEF1C6353631DC09686ECD3390F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n., but the male did not, since it was described as having a two-branched tibial apophysis and occurs in Brazil. Therefore, the syntype series is composed of two different species, causing a complex taxonomic problem that lasted for years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="95FDC380F1352CD1FA8814C31249B767" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
C. L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4E25CC6C6CE750AEBFFF6BFAACE2DAC" author="Koch, CL" journalOrPublisher="Nuernberg" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="57 - 108" title="Die Arachniden" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43744" year="1842">Koch (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
apparently followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8457DE830211E8F67B2A01B4C768B59A" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but formally extended the species distribution to Brazil. A few years later, the same author (C. L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1B54A3BEE0CC37F1DB304AFDD7BBB89" author="Koch, CL" journalOrPublisher="Nuernberg" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 77" title="Uebersicht des Arachnidensystems" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39561" year="1850">Koch 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) transferred this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CAF37A10C97160208017AD2C4E78EDC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lasiodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasiodora" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lasiodora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, creating the new combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D86922ADEACFB2DD3373403E12214F6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lasiodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasiodora versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Lasiodora versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="660EE5C95AAEDAE4808022B9BB3A0EB3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
In 1871,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93771C4FF09E4E78923494CBB53CFA21" author="Ausserer, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft (Wien)" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="117 - 224" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16425408page/271/mode/1up" volume="21" year="1871">Ausserer (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F92F0BC4AB39051365C63C28876E8D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homoeomma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ausserer, 1871 with a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82F2FE41BBEFE4164181E4DE32C0B81D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Homoeomma versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walckenaer, 1837).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="63F2B5EB29BAB88138E299AAFFF3F056" author="Ausserer, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft (Wien)" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="117 - 224" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16425408page/271/mode/1up" volume="21" year="1871">Ausserer (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined a male and a female from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EC9D7C79CA1FB294B937AE01898841" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu C. L. Koch, 1842 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A80868DED035FFE91CD57256C5F61B58" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lasiodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasiodora versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Lasiodora versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C. L. Koch, 1850) synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2376120DE566C8625A262ED3284E1EA2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Homoeomma versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Years later, O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="441F49557BF49A2F7B28F3183FF31195" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="682 - 685" title="On a new spider of the family of Theraphosidae." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30759895page/830/mode/1up" volume="1881" year="1881">Pickard-Cambridge (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
explicitly considered as being distinct the concepts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4E08C74BA4F03D0EAB733020FBF1126" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
from C. L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B996FE77FFAAC7FD76E19C767D3AE384" author="Koch, CL" journalOrPublisher="Nuernberg" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="57 - 108" title="Die Arachniden" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43744" year="1842">Koch (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A6511C0457AB9C6D3C40231D90E801A" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24AF5F50E35698D2051E37A7FDA73218" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
He described a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A123ABE9D1BDF39FC4CAC37E12FC2CE9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma stradlingi" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stradlingi">Homoeomma stradlingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881, based on the concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B07E7E6B93C53BB4C0CAFAA572D6F190" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
used by C. L. Koch, and in a female and two males from Brazil (O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="95333C2F1DD7D29C7CDE1AAFFE20FEF1" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="682 - 685" title="On a new spider of the family of Theraphosidae." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30759895page/830/mode/1up" volume="1881" year="1881">Pickard-Cambridge 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C64A2C9A43B2E8692AE5BD9C3774B128" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Homoeomma versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in the synonymic list with a question mark by O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="680557B826E3827294F593F3CD40B4C1" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="682 - 685" title="On a new spider of the family of Theraphosidae." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30759895page/830/mode/1up" volume="1881" year="1881">Pickard-Cambridge (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D9A1A97BDBFEF9DA44A3712815AE16E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BADFC560D98B7159B85A0C7E6EF174CB" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Paris, tome 1" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" title="Histoire naturelle des araignees." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973" year="1892">Simon (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41D4C46F3E12A0CBF97183CFC0305354" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walckenaer was erroneously reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="507C3666C166F2981249157855288782" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homoeomma</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it was, in fact, an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="096684824AAC7ADCF3BF133DCD8716FE" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species very common in Lesser Antilles. As a consequence, it is likely
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="264EBC86A3076F1C2DCABE336A0EFB61" author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Paris, tome 1" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" title="Histoire naturelle des araignees." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973" year="1892">Simon (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ignored the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="845C3627DD9C3144801321F275F62CB8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Homoeomma versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E554E653D92415CF173A1D29D43C68F2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma stradlingi" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stradlingi">Homoeomma stradlingi</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E3E0E0EB20645E94C9906995C96D90" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Homoeomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homoeomma" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homoeomma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2223EACBDF44976999AE998F2F9D01A8" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
A problem lies with the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3951130B1F2EA69D943E8AF630AA89D2" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Mygale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygale versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Mygale versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walckenaer, 1837. This name is constantly applied to aviculariine species found in Martinique. However, as mentioned before, the type series consists of two different species: one aviculariine; and the other a theraphosine. As the description is vague and syntype series is here considered lost, we decide to establish a neotype in order to preserve the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD1464777B618598C2791A5B5928CCA3" originalValue="name’s">name's</normalizedToken>
|
||
stability and its usage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B414C9BDE5D7DCE6EC6E6975ECF98DE3" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">
|
||
<paragraph id="B715D52CE2DC08C0B7CDA32F2EA6225E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3709AFC7DF205F0B2EE958B85F7EC78E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Redescription. AR 4904. Carapace: 19.07 long, 16.75 wide, 5.33 high. Chelicera: 6.90 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 14.29, 8.76, 10.86, 9.49, 6.12, 49.52. II: 13.16, 7.74, 10.32, 9.23, 5.92, 46.37. III: 11.96, 7.64, 9.49, 9.40, 5.18, 43.67. IV: 14.86, 7.98, 12.21, 13.25, 5.99, 54.29. Palp: 10.16, 6.58, 6.79, -, 7.42, 30.95. Midwidths: femora
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A130FCE42B31623B65BCAD8428970F20" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.61, 3.74, 3.80, 3.59, palp= 2.90; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3EA7052D5D929FCF8BBFEA07C725C3D2" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.67, 3.62, 3.30, 3.48, palp= 3.06; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D4CA1046104490F950B9894604484E6" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.08, 2.69, 2.91, 3.06, palp= 2.83; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38B5FD6A521B656F54420D09603976A1" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.37, 2.27, 2.60, 2.03; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A29A2BE2F85B1D5B336EDF385913C899" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.86, 2.58, 2.75, 2.89, palp= 2.92. Abdomen: 22.09 long, 17.02 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.45 long, 1.01 wide, 0.10 apart; PLS, 2.56 basal, 0.77 middle, 3.04 distal; midwidths 2.10, 1.75, 1.52, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="77FD0B20728A329F8C14DF4FBD9B9676" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Carapace: 1.14 times longer than wide; cephalic region not raised, carapace striae inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0DA8107A290BEC90C2B63875A01EAFCB" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fovea: deep, slightly recurve, 2.33 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA2859C3469203816303ECB80E40203D" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Eyes: eye tubercle 1.11 high, 2.20 long, 3.18 wide. Clypeus 0.64. Anterior row of eyes procurve, posterior slightly recurve. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.78, ALE
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="35075670B389B9272A836ADF8B77AB65" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">0.83</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, PME 0.36, PLE 0.82,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD54ED2811F1DF505B800F6D5986BFBD" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.47,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BE99D7CF37E93B18F8929F5AE8C19705" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.51,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13849BBB83ED442A53ED806CF05527C4" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.22,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3EDC638960868C2EBCD8F87C1D138A9F" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.83,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2AA394D22CE406A6791EDDEB7FF52222" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.75,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95E4705A9D2366B8366A4C1E780AC007" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.78,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C7C7531A001DC821B557B15E2E67D60E" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70ED9939D3B8B447A74C57202D17E38B" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.38,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D40A63DE50BFD470F81EC5A9DA15908C" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.43,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8EC4C2F0D73AE221FC6CA421DF4727A8" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.67.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3378DD3A3AD16EE2FA56CC79618B6E58" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Maxilla: length to width: 1.84. Cuspules: 100-200 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.07 long, 3.19 wide, with 115 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on anterior third. Labium sternal groove shallow, flat, sigilla not evident.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4AE8EBC08242A2852C4120D6F1C18ADE" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Chelicera: basal segment with 11 teeth and some small teeth on promargin. Sternum: 10.21 long, 6.83 wide. Sigilla: only posterior pair evident, rounded, less than one diameter from margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06C2D51366B3E43E7F7A9F5DD6014C4A" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Legs: Formula: IV=I II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 1.10. Clavate trichobothria: distal 1/2 tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6796253A7A8A1A88DDB6D6E6607CA48D" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scopulae: Tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0F5DB3FA25FDF6AEC82815CF95F35568" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate. Metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25C28CE7046A46F52F2650B6F19BA09C" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate, III 1/2, IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by a row of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CA87601DA483569F163B6249DB0076F8" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Type II urticating setae: 1.33-1.58 long, 0.006-0.009 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="591D96EEF5A589D53D1A8ACC1C70B370" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Spermathecae (Fig. 230): two completely separated, not-twisted long spermathecae, with walls lacking projections or lobes and accentuated outwards curvature medially. Midwidth as wide as its base width and weakly-sclerotized area shorter than half the length of well-sclerotized area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A6D47F70E34C2F2F522EF94CC35462E" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Color pattern (Fig. 254): carapace brown with golden short body setae with very intense green sheen. Carapace border with long setae the same color as dorsal carapace short body setae, but with iridescent sheen. Coxae, labium, sternum and maxillae light brown, same color of ventral femora. Legs and palps with gold short body setae with green sheen and brown long guard-setae with very intense iridescent sheen. Leg rings on distal femora, tibiae and metatarsi same color as the rest of segment. Dorsal abdomen with vivid red long guard-setae with very intense iridescent sheen homogeneously distributed and black, short body setae. Ventral abdomen brown. Urticating setae form very distinctive small bronze patch on dorso posterior area of abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38397A182085006F79B5B6B06D9A8508" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="male">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB4254A2D1C64CBF3B277BE38D91BB3E" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91AB3C30C8173019072EE45240EC6D2D" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Description. AR 4904. Carapace: 16.01 long, 15.05 wide, 4.50 high. Chelicera: 6.16 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 14.39, 8.80, 11.38, 10.76, 6.18, 51.51. II: 13.64, 8.34, 11.03, 10.31, 5.80, 49.12. III: 12.28, 6.97, 9.43, 10.27, 5.57, 44.52. IV: 15.01, 7.65, 12.92, 13.89, 5.41, 54.88. Palp: 9.26, 5.83, 7.00, -, 2.93, 25.02. Midwidths: femora I -IV= 3.08, 3.13, 3.20, 2.92, palp= 2.24; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8AB9C1DCBBA9B9FCA5C5A0C02EFF34BC" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 3.27, 2.88, 2.92, 3.06, palp= 2.30; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1E5E4967B5DF0310238E88206EAE7345" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.59, 2.43, 2.32, 2.59, palp= 2.17; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5A87117A1AB7CEDDB453508658C3263A" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.61, 1.76, 1.85, 1.71; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C268EF08BD0D56062C14AAC57380A999" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.02, 2.01, 2.06, 2.07, palp= 2.23. Abdomen: 18.41 long, 13.01 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.94 long, 0.92 wide, 0.30 apart; PLS, 2.40 basal, 1.14 middle, 2.64 distal; midwidths 1.52, 1.36, 1.14, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="67A025713B2B52525806C098F1A72CA5" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">As in female, except:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB445EC930729DED03601E42442C6EE0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Carapace: 1.06 times longer than wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B4E251DF4BC17541C219E9A91D9E1523" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fovea: 1.27 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0C60FE0B5D7ACACE49AC0135142C9902" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Eyes: eye tubercle 1.14 high, 2.30 long, 3.01 wide. Clypeus 0.54. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.78, ALE 0.70, PME 0.31, PLE 0.62,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8EBC8D4A0571E3E6834C25C9104566AB" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.41,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB60F6F936BAA5E32909E5155AC113CA" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.51,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EC2B125D3A1B37E350D242B5DC2DB1CE" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="82129150DBBD7EEDB53FFD827B86F818" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.94,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="798D1617A0DCA2E5886CD4D943CC2045" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.68,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB3C8E26A06938738B17B2AF79464285" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.73,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47D703CD0731EC098398C509C6CAB393" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.16,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A85D67B930823F108D9027D88C0A1555" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.14,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB89136D7C5F2838FB5D003C95E10B1E" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="998B058D4C2CA7EBC25A2A2CC9A5C294" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.55.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="44FA2CAA17472DAEF06FDB02D2620D41" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C83AA05690491B2F158F1DE936816460" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">Maxilla</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: length to width: 1.77. Labium: 1.89 long, 2.73 wide, with 95 cuspules. Labium sternal groove with two large separate sigilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7940BFFD81D3268CC5D7CEEA36D8ADCB" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Chelicera: basal segment with 10 teeth and some small teeth on promargin. Sternum: 7.49 long, 6.41 wide. Sigilla: three pairs, large posterior.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="993D7EE465A8C7D15633F404D42B3AAA" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Legs: Length leg IV to leg I: 1.07. Scopula: tarsus IV with few, sparse setae. Metatarsus IV divided by a row of setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16458289DEBDE2DDECF9CD62A30EDB58" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Type II urticating setae (Fig. 18): 1.61-1.75 long, 0.007-0.011 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D54C76A157C578932FE05FBB551A67D" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Palp (Figs 244-247): globous bulb with small subtegulum and developed prominence on tegulum. Embolus: not flattened, lacking keels, 4.64 long in retrolateral view, about 3 times
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2336F032E155B241FA90EC3B2FA79B6D" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
length. Medial portion and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="29051110D9CEB0F0CE76AA7355357ACF" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
margin form an acute angle in retrolateral view. Proximal part very curved in frontal view; thin distal width, tapering distally; basal, middle, and distal width of 0.70, 0.22, 0.08, respectively. Tegulum: 2.42 long, 1.51 high in retrolateral view. Cymbium subtriangular with subequal lobes, having developed sharp process on retrolateral lobe, bearing thin setae (Figs 248, 306).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08A545B0F0942BF7A5637C88EC6CFACC" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Tibial apophysis (Fig. 250): single branch on prolateral leg I, with weakly-developed base and grouped spiniform setae distally. Male metatarsus I touches retrolaterally tibial
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B32A289ED386F41CAF76E69E794DDD8A" originalValue="apophysis’">apophysis'</normalizedToken>
|
||
setae when folded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="034156BC533D21FF412B85EEFDEDAC64" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="color pattern ontogeny">
|
||
<paragraph id="FADADC9FCA12C8C5819AC9FAB2EC8ED7" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="38E96C6C4F635B70EA521B912B81CCD4" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Juveniles with metallic sheen, all articles with same blackish color (Fig. 252) and abdomen dorsum with dorsal central longitudinal black stripe connected with all transversal black stripes.(Fig. 253). When mature, they lose this pattern (Figs 254-255).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3C0CFC76100DFE079633ED372F43BE77" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AAACD76E59DB297284044306D3C62F37" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="77E4D5661C65579999DE4300021C447E" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Martinique (Fig. 226).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="53B11BBAA57840B49857C4C7A46075E6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF5FE4D781FC3AB0767981BC84424811" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F3E10EDAC668BC2DF78C6812392BB30" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Contrasting with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C0B991C6238EFE7A84CB5D40C9ADF91D" originalValue="Walckenaer’s">Walckenaer's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="629D808471A5C11CCB28C6DA17D99E28" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species is not found on Guadeloupe Island (P. Marechal, pers. comm.). Thus, it is possible that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B0479EEB59B5AC56A41F4FAB1EC375A" author="Walckenaer, CA" journalOrPublisher="Paris," pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 682" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61095" volume="1" year="1837">Walckenaer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used a specimen from Martinique, which is close to Guadeloupe Island and also French territory, but recorded as coming from Guadeloupe. Similar situations were very common in past centuries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1BB79AA580155D91DF5FFD30FA8BF414" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A77158AFB499C467DC846F44CFE0FA2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n. in Cuba is still doubtful since the specimens here analyzed are very old and the only ones known from Cuba in the entirety of arachnological collections examined. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01A0493E8A3DB83A7744C13D61BBEC74" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rutilans" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Avicularia rutilans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4950E81580FE4CA30E25C39B99D78F49" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n. in Nova Granada, former name of Colombia, is also doubtful. There is no other record of this species in Colombia nor in any other continental territory. An explanation could be that this specimen was dispatched from Bogota, an important South Amercian commercial center in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which is near the Antilles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F15AB7183A086BE89E11DB99C69C872F" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5A809E5832D5A7E0D1594FD1CD1714" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F018573F6DD1A4CBD2EEC270937AEDD" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
It was poorly known until a few years ago. The situation changed since an extensive and detailed ecological and populational study was carried out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EC9B59B06C1CC7D48EA0740BADDE3B6A" author="Marechal, P" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" title="Etude sur l'etat des populations de Aviculariaversicolor, Mygale endemique de la Martinique" url="http://www.side.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/EXPLOITATION/DEFAULT/Infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_0006180&search=" volumeTitle="Rapport de Synthese" year="2009">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0D57DA344A60B9B8222D773A62DFF118" originalValue="Maréchal">Marechal</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on Martinique. They pointed out that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F1AAC1455B681976D0F6B7817D651CF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Caribena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caribena versicolor" order="Araneae" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="versicolor">Caribena versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. n. prefers mesophyll forests, building its retreat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B3DC5A5A191A629CC4C5AB33925F53B" family="Bromeliacea" lsidName="Arachnoidea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Bromeliacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves, between tree branches, inside bamboo trunks, over tree trunks and also within human constructions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E3508EB45936E23648B7C4047DC3652" author="Marechal, P" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" title="Etude sur l'etat des populations de Aviculariaversicolor, Mygale endemique de la Martinique" url="http://www.side.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/EXPLOITATION/DEFAULT/Infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_0006180&search=" volumeTitle="Rapport de Synthese" year="2009">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7330EF8C2CA4CD20C7C62AE3F86128AA" originalValue="Maréchal">Marechal</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its life cycle is about two years, reaching sexual maturity around 18 months, after approximately ten molts; the reproductive period is in March and eggsac eclosion is in May and June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="661A2CAAE0A93D7D792424BCCED83596" author="Marechal, P" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" title="Etude sur l'etat des populations de Aviculariaversicolor, Mygale endemique de la Martinique" url="http://www.side.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/EXPLOITATION/DEFAULT/Infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_0006180&search=" volumeTitle="Rapport de Synthese" year="2009">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D901CC29B943E348BAC0488C97F4F28B" originalValue="Maréchal">Marechal</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="590D504C62EDEA497DD516C962189A03" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="060782520AA9BFFA3E0117A75FCB5389" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="179A2564EECD0748757DFB11945620BB" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="85CF2B0B644B178C87ECB443BB4A4996" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Two color forms are known, one with specimens having leg and palp hairs in bright red and the other with specimens with darker hairs on legs and palps.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |