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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.25.2396" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248603" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-25-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C331FFD9FFEBBA62FFFEFFD56820FFFA" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574773" ID-ZooBank="BB6375D0B9C1448FBE352EF89EECA8E9" ModsDocID="1314-2607-25-35" checkinTime="1621552550620" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pulawski, Wojciech J." docDate="2012" docId="6BBAB9E73FFDC6F2977E9BAB2D17080B" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 25" docPubDate="2012-03-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.25.2396" docTitle="Larrisson Menke 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="C331FFD9FFEBBA62FFFEFFD56820FFFA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="C331FFD9FFEBBA62FFFEFFD56820FFFA" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Larrisson Menke, 1967, and description of the new genus Larrissa (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1643544083652" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the genus Larrisson Menke, 1967, and description of the new genus Larrissa (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pulawski, Wojciech J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wpulawski@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-03-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>35</mods:start>
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.25.2396</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.25.2396</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-25-35</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BB6375D0B9C1448FBE352EF89EECA8E9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C331FFD9FFEBBA62FFFEFFD56820FFFA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574773</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248603" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6BBAB9E73FFDC6F2977E9BAB2D17080B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6BBAB9E73FFDC6F2977E9BAB2D17080B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Larrisson" authority="Menke, 1967" authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larrisson" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Larrisson Menke, 1967</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">
In his key to world genera of
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.Fox" authorityYear="1894" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" rank="tribe" tribe="Miscophini">Miscophini</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Menke, AS" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" pagination="671 - 681" refId="B9" refString="Menke, AS, 1977. Aha, a new genus of Australian Sphecidae, and a revised key to the world genera of the tribe Miscophini (Hymenoptera, Larrinae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 47: 671 - 681" title="Aha, a new genus of Australian Sphecidae, and a revised key to the world genera of the tribe Miscophini (Hymenoptera, Larrinae)." volume="47" year="1977">Menke (1977)</bibRefCitation>
differentiated
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length of the occipital carina, which ends before reaching the hypostomal carina in the former and reaches the hypostomal carina in the latter. This character, however, no longer holds, as the occipital carina effaces before reaching the hypostomal carina in three
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described in
<bibRefCitation author="Lomholdt, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B6" refString="Lomholdt, O, Pulawski, WJ, 2010. A revision of the wasp genus Sericophorus F. Smith, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 61: 1 - 234" title="A revision of the wasp genus Sericophorus F. Smith, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae)." volume="61" year="2010">Lomholdt and Pulawski (2010)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski in Lomholdt and Pulawski" authorityYear="2010" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Sericophorus centralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pulawski,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski in Lomholdt and Pulawski" authorityYear="2010" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="genalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Sericophorus genalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pulawski, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lomholdt in Lomholdt and Pulawski" authorityYear="2010" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Sericophorus politus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lomholdt. A useful, although not universal recognition character, is the shape of the posterior
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="38" start="start">propodeal</pageBreakToken>
surface: it has no median carina in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas in the vast majority of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a well-defined carina below the median sulcus (also present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lyroda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Lyroda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphodrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sphodrotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The carina, however, is only one quarter of the posterior surface long in the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski in Lomholdt and Pulawski" authorityYear="2010" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sericophorus centralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and absent in the paratype. The essential difference between the two genera is in two male characters:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 11 flagellomeres and a well defined volsella, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the antenna has 10 flagellomeres and the volsella is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<bibRefCitation author="Menke, AS" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" pagination="453 - 463" publicationUrl="10.1071/ZO9790453" refId="B10" refString="Menke, AS, 1979. A review of the genus Larrisson Menke (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 453 - 463, 10.1071/ZO9790453" title="A review of the genus Larrisson Menke (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." url="10.1071/ZO9790453" volume="27" year="1979">Menke (1979)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two species groups in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the monotypic
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
group and the
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">abnormis</emphasis>
group that included
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">abnormis</emphasis>
Turner,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">azyx</emphasis>
Menke, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">rieki</emphasis>
Menke (the latter two known from the male sex only). The twelve new species (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">armatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">carinatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">latifrons</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">niger</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">orbitalis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">punctatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">quintus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">spinosus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">sulcatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tegularis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tibialis</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">variegatus</emphasis>
) generally agree well with his diagnosis of the
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">abnormis</emphasis>
group except the inner mandibular margin has a tooth near midlength in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tibialis</emphasis>
(and also in an additional specimen of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">rieki</emphasis>
), the metanotum has no spine or tubercle in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">armatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">carinatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">niger</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">punctatus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tegularis</emphasis>
(as in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), mesothoracic venter is conspicuously depressed in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">punctatus</emphasis>
(as in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), the propodeal side is unridged mesally in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">armatus</emphasis>
and most
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">quintus</emphasis>
(as in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), male sternum VIII is emarginate apically in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">armatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">orbitalis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">quintus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tegularis</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">variegatus</emphasis>
(as in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), and gonocoxite has no accessory lobes and no elaborate setal fringe in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tegularis</emphasis>
(as in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
). The twelve species fit well the
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">abnormis</emphasis>
groupin all other characters: scapal basin present, impunctate or sparsely to densely punctate (frons uniformly punctate in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), scape longer than flagellomeres I-III combined (shorter than that in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), inner mandibular margin with preapical tooth, with small incision at about midlength in female (without preapical tooth, with two teeth near midlength in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), mesopleuron rounded anteriorly (abruptly angular below pronotal lobe in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), forewing vein M diverging from M+Cu distad of cu-a or interstitial with cu-a (diverging basad of cu-a in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), glabrous area of propodeal dorsum covering entire enclosure except limited to slightly more than median sulcus in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">tegularis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">variegatus</emphasis>
(limited to median sulcus in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), male forecoxa and foretrochanter simple (forecoxa with apical spine and foretrochanter emarginate basally in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), basolateral carina of tergum I not expanded into lamella (lamella present in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), apical tergum of female without a narrow, impunctate and asetose marginal lamella (lamella present in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
), volsella ending near apex of penis valve or exceeding it (ending at half length of penis valve in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
); and head of penis valve not dentate (dentate in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
<bibRefCitation author="Menke, AS" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" pagination="453 - 463" publicationUrl="10.1071/ZO9790453" refId="B10" refString="Menke, AS, 1979. A review of the genus Larrisson Menke (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 453 - 463, 10.1071/ZO9790453" title="A review of the genus Larrisson Menke (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." url="10.1071/ZO9790453" volume="27" year="1979">Menke (1979)</bibRefCitation>
also claimed that the stipes and prementum are shortened in the
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">abnormis</emphasis>
group, the prementum being less than twice as long as wide, but not shortened in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
, with the prementum little more than twice as long as wide. I cannot confirm this difference: the length of these mouthparts is practically identical in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">azyx</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">nedymus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">rieki</emphasis>
, although definitely smaller in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">abnormis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
Prey of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was unknown until now, but the holotype female of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">niger</emphasis>
is pinned with her prey, an adult mirid 3.6 mm long. The specimen has an additional label that reads &quot;Wasp grasped bug on terete-leaved
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, indicating that the mirid
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="39" start="start">was</pageBreakToken>
not placed on the same pin accidentally. Randall T. Schuh (American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York) kindly identified it as a male of the tribe
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Duzee" authorityYear="1916" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="tribe" tribe="Orthotylini">Orthotylini</taxonomicName>
belonging to an undescribed genus and species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="phylogenetic analysis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Phylogenetic analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation author="Lomholdt, O" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" refId="B5" refString="Lomholdt, O, 1985. A reclassification of the larrine tribes with a revision of the Miscophini of southern Africa and Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 24 (Supplement): 1-183." title="A reclassification of the larrine tribes with a revision of the Miscophini of southern Africa and Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 24 (Supplement): 1 - 183." year="1985">Lomholdt (1985)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, together with
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the tribe
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="tribe" tribe="Sericophorini">Sericophorini</taxonomicName>
Dalla Torre, that he characterized by a second submarginal cell conspicuously narrowed anteriorly, a synapomorphy. In the following analysis, I have used as outgroups representatives of three other miscophine genera with posteroventrally emarginate mandible that occur in Australia (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lyroda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Lyroda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphodrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sphodrotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and that appear to be more closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than the non-Australian genera.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was used below as a sister taxon of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1856" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relucens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sericophorus relucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rayment, a relatively unspecialized species of the genus, was selected as the first outgroup.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphodrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sphodrotes punctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kohlwas selected as the second outgroup, and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Iwata" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lyroda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Lyroda venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bingham as the root taxon. Since females are known for only nine species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(out of the total of 15), whereas the males are known for 13 species, the analysis was based entirely on male characters, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Larrisson latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">niger</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">punctatus</emphasis>
(known from the female only) were excluded. Autapomorphies were included. The following is the list of characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">1. Frons: 0, fully setose. 1, with glabrous scapal basin.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">2. Occipital carina: 0, not reaching hypostomal carina. 1, reaching hypostomal carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
3. Scape: 0, not shortened, length (without radix) at least 1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width. 1, shortened, length about 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Facial portraits: a Larrissa nedyma ♀ b Larrisson rieki ♂ c Larrisson azyx ♂ d Larrisson abnormis ♀. From Menke, 1979, reproduced with the author's permission." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11410" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
4. Length of flagellomere I: 0, at least 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
apical width. 1, about 1.3-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
apical width. 2, about equal to apical width. 3, about 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
apical width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
5. Mandible, inner margin: 0, without tooth at midlength of inner margin. 1, with tooth at midlength of inner margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Facial portraits: a Larrissa nedyma ♀ b Larrisson rieki ♂ c Larrisson azyx ♂ d Larrisson abnormis ♀. From Menke, 1979, reproduced with the author's permission." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11410" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">6. Mesopleuron: 0, rounded anteriorly. 1, abruptly angular below pronotal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">7. Mesothoracic venter (shape): 0, inconspicuously concave. 1, conspicuously concave.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">8. Mesothoracic venter (sculpture): 0, densely punctate. 1, sparsely punctate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">9. Propodeal dorsum (setae): 0, all setose. 1, median sulcus glabrous. 2, median sulcus and adjacent area glabrous. 3, all enclosure (or nearly so) glabrous.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
10. Presence of spine or tubercle behind propodeal spiracle: 0, spine or tubercle absent. 1, present (the spine in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphodrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Sphodrotes punctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much further from the spiracle and thus nonhomologous with that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">11. Posterior propodeal surface: 0, without medioventral carina. 1, with medioventral carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">12. Divergence of forewing vein M from M+Cu: 0, diverging distad of cu-a or interstitial with cu-a. 1, diverging basad of cu-a.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
13. First recurrent vein: 0, ending on second submarginal cell (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Larrisson variegatus: forewing (arrow indicates first recurrent vein)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11408" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) or interstitial with first intersubmarginal vein. 1, ending on first submarginal cell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="start">14</pageBreakToken>
. Hindtibial outer surface: 0, all or largely punctate and setose (at least sparsely so). 1, impunctate and asetose between spines in dorsal half or along dorsal margin, at least in apical half.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">15. Basolateral carina of tergum I: 0, not expanded. 1, expanded into lamella.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
16. Setae: 0, appressed. 1, erect or suberect on upper frons, gena, vertex, mesothorax, hindcoxal venter, and hindfemoral venter (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Larrisson azyx ♂: a head, thorax, and propodeum in lateral view b hindfemur in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11412" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 27a, b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
17. Color of gaster: 0, gaster all or largely black 1, gaster all or largely red (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Larrisson tegularis: a female head in frontal view b tegula (arrow indicates concave inner margin) c pygidial plate of female d apical sterna of male in ventral view e female gaster in dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11404" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">18. Presence of yellow fasciae on gaster: 0, fasciae absent. 1, fasciae present.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
19. Male flagellum (number of flagellomeres): 0, with 11 flagellomeres. 1, with 10 flagellomeres (10 flagellomeres are found in all
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
20. Male flagellum (shape): 0, flagellomeres all cylindrical. 1, flagellomeres I-VI convex ventrally (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larrisson variegatus: a female head in frontal view b male head in dorsal view c male antenna d male tergum I in dorsal view e male tergum I in oblique lateral view f gastral base of male in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11407" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
21. Male flagellum (color): 0, black or dark brown or reddish brown ventrally. 1, at least flagellomeres VIII and IX yellow (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larrisson variegatus: a female head in frontal view b male head in dorsal view c male antenna d male tergum I in dorsal view e male tergum I in oblique lateral view f gastral base of male in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11407" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 22b, c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Larrisson rieki, ♂ from South Australia: a head in frontal view b midfemur in ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11409" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">24a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">22. Mesopleural precoxal carina of male: 0, low, obtuse. 1, projecting as spine.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
23. Male metanotum: 0, simple. 1, with median spine or tubercle (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Larrisson spinosus ♂: a clypeus and mandible b metanotum in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11401" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
24. Male propodeum(presence of spine or tubercle behind spiracle): 0, spine or tubercle absent. 1, spine or tubercle present (the tubercle in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphodrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Sphodrotes punctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is minute, and a lower one, large, is nonhomologous).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">25. Male forecoxa and foretrochanter: 0, not modified. 1, modified.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
26. Male femora, tibiae, and tarsi: 0, not modified. 1, modified (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Apical gastral terga: a Larrissa nedyma ♀ b Larrisson abnormis ♀ c Larrisson azyx ♂ d Larrisson rieki ♂. From Menke, 1979, reproduced with the author's permission." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11411" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 26b-f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
27. Male midfemur: 0, convex ventrally, not carinate. 1, slightly concave ventrally, with obtuse carina along both anterior and posterior margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Larrisson azyx ♂: a head, thorax, and propodeum in lateral view b hindfemur in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11412" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 27b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
28. Male hindfemur: 0, without process. 1, with ventral preapical process (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Larrisson azyx ♂: a head, thorax, and propodeum in lateral view b hindfemur in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11412" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 27b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
29. Outer surface of male hindtibia (shape): 0, not swollen. 1, swollen in basal third or so (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Larrisson tibialis ♂: a hindtibia in dorsal view b hindtibia in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11406" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">30. Transverse swelling on male sternum II: 0, absent or rudimentary. 1, well defined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
31. Tergum VII: 0, without basolateral tooth. 1, with basolateral tooth (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Larrisson armatus: a female clypeus b male antenna c male tergum I in dorsolateral view (arrow indicatesbasolateral emargination) d apexof male gaster in dorsal view (upper arrow indicates basolateral tooth of tergum VII, lower arrow indicates sternum VIII)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11387" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
32. Longitudinal carina on male sternum II: 0, carina absent. 1, carina present in basal half (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larrisson variegatus: a female head in frontal view b male head in dorsal view c male antenna d male tergum I in dorsal view e male tergum I in oblique lateral view f gastral base of male in lateral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11407" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 22f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">33. Male sternum VIII (apex): 0, not emarginate apicomesally. 1, emarginate apicomesally.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
34. Male sternum VIII (apicolateral emargination): 0, absent. 1, present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Larrisson armatus: a female clypeus b male antenna c male tergum I in dorsolateral view (arrow indicatesbasolateral emargination) d apexof male gaster in dorsal view (upper arrow indicates basolateral tooth of tergum VII, lower arrow indicates sternum VIII)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11387" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Larrisson quintus: a female clypeus and mandible b male clypeus and mandible c female pygidial plate d male tergum VII e male sternum VIII in ventral view f male genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11397" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">12e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Larrisson tegularis: a female head in frontal view b tegula (arrow indicates concave inner margin) c pygidial plate of female d apical sterna of male in ventral view e female gaster in dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11404" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">19d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
35. Gonocoxite: 0, with simple, short setae. 1, with elaborate, setal fringes (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Larrisson carinatus: male genitalia dorsally." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11390" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Larrisson quintus: male genitalia dorsally." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11399" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="start">36</pageBreakToken>
. Volsella: 0, minimal to absent. 1, present, about half length of penis valve. 2, present, about as long as penis valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">37. Penis valve: 0, not dentate. 1, dentate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
The following data matrix (
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Character States of Larrisson and the Outgroup." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8E24B91750840BB524FFC80ECBC4B604" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="8E24B91750840BB524FFC80ECBC4B604">Table 1</tableCitation>
) was constructed using Winclada version 1.00.08 (
<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, KC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" refId="B12" refString="Nixon, KC, 2002. Winclada, version 1.00.08. Published by the author, Ithaca, N.Y." title="Winclada, version 1.00.08. Published by the author, Ithaca, N. Y." year="2002">Nixon 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Multiple character states were treated as additive.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="8E24B91750840BB524FFC80ECBC4B604" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8E24B91750840BB524FFC80ECBC4B604" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Table 1.</emphasis>
Character States of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Outgroup.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<table pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Iwata" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lyroda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Lyroda venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1000000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010000</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphodrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Sphodrotes punctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1000100000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0001000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1856" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relucens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Sericophorus relucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0102000011</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1110000010</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0001001</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="R. Turner" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson abnormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100031</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010000100</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0001000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1001100030</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0014001001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azyx">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson azyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100031</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011010000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011000101</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson carinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100130</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011001000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0100000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0100120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Pulawski" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nedymus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson nedymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0012011120</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0110100100</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000100000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011011</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson orbitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1001100030</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0014001000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010000001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson quintus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1001100031</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010001000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011010001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rieki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson rieki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100031</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011000100</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1101001001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100131</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011001000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010000001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson sulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100030</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson tegularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1003100120</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011001100</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0011020</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100131</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010000000</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0001001011</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0000120</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1002100030</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0001000001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">1010001001</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">0010120</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
The above data matrix was analyzed using the Willi Hennig Society edition of TNT (
<bibRefCitation author="Goloboff, P" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="41" pageNumber="76" pagination="774 - 786" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x" refId="B4" refString="Goloboff, P, Farris, J, Nixon, K, 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24: 774 - 786, 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x" title="TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis." url="10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x" volume="24" year="2008">Goloboff et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
) with 1,000 replications and 1,000 trees to be held. An equal weight analysis resulted in 18 equally parsimonious trees, each of 73 steps, consistency index = 0.575, and retention index = 0.613. An implied weight analysis (k = 3) produced three trees, and the strict consensus tree (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Strict consensus cladogram of the species of Larrisson based on male characters (Larrisson latifrons, niger, orbitalis, and punctatus, known from the female only, are omitted). Character numbers are placed above circles, with the state number below. Black circles indicate an unambiguous change, open circles indicate homoplastic change." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11386" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) had 74 steps, consistency index = 0.568, and retention index = 0.600. Critical in the analysis was the position of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Pulawski" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nedymus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson nedymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that appeared as the sister species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1856" class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relucens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Sericophorus relucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not a part of the clade encompassing the remaining
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The same position was retained in another analysis, in which
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Aha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Aha ha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Menke was added as another outgroup. This result demonstrates that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Pulawski" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nedymus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson nedymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not congeneric with the remaining
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that it either should be transferred to
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or that it belongs to a genus of its own. Given the degree of differences between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Pulawski" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nedymus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson nedymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sericophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Sericophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, I believe it should be treated as a separate genus. A new genus,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrissa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is established below for the species.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11386" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Strict consensus cladogram of the species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menke" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on male characters (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pulawski" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Larrisson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Larrisson latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">niger</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">orbitalis</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">punctatus</emphasis>
, known from the female only, are omitted). Character numbers are placed above circles, with the state number below. Black circles indicate an unambiguous change, open circles indicate homoplastic change.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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