163 lines
18 KiB
XML
163 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="AA128511F82FD4086528AB93843768ED" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5167847" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167847" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628271438169" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gillett, Conrad P. D. T." docDate="2009" docId="03E087DB4D594878D89DF938C95DFEC0" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0099.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2009 (99)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Enema endymion Chevrolat 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFD9FFA34D5D487ED85DFFBFCB55FFBB" masterDocTitle="New records of dynastine scarab beetles in the tribes Oryctini, Agaocephalini and Dynastini from Cayo district, Belize (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699038676687" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="AC3B3E1286B92069E27689736209B74A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F680C889B331278A191BE38B17CFB80">
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<mods:title id="ABC81F1887005D8C2B7CCEF805F3DD61">New records of dynastine scarab beetles in the tribes Oryctini, Agaocephalini and Dynastini from Cayo district, Belize (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D874ABBC1623DCC8808E13473753F99D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EB5014D76806C33F2C4FA877F2C15A43">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E824445B6EAB9E89E144E162A9426358">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CF3C187F56AA481057A30464AA5682E4">Gillett, Conrad P. D. T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BB0EEBCB4B8859AFDD04FB553DACB032">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7E9795798D8DE07ABA5ECFB880523140">
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<mods:title id="665B117612C435964F9831A5B9E88C76">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="19C83ED8737DA3AC1930E080E8EB87D0">
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<mods:date id="6334998D22382F4518E33AFB39887B6F">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="ECDF4DFDA5B8ADF97CAA736B82CC599C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="9C114E9C01DF9731B34857DE7DCAF4CF">2009-10-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="CC8E13E2C6BAA5C398407C5412A7AB79" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2D3B98AEBCA241437A8437340629CB7B">2009</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8DEBA34A6572EE1404960268675C8B8B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="25AF719EB44A13937802FDB69A6E4CE4">99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="B8206D4E6E683FE0415A8144C2DDF404" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="8782A2CAA0EDB12DA516E9609C818B63">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="30BE548878BC5489291806F3882C0F59">9</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="657829F992B59A9769A2EA40ADCE369A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F7D827E98BF87AA73BFF0FCF9B67470C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5167847</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D2CAD65D32FEBD1B5C3B51ABB5378AD7" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="48BDB62A3BB02E17669A614C20E8C5EE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5167847</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E087DB4D594878D89DF938C95DFEC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087DB4D594878D89DF938C95DFEC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087DB4D594878D89DF938C95DFEC0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C35365464D59487AD89DF938C9D5F925" box="[192,640,1670,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D59487AD89DF938C9D5F925" blockId="4.[192,640,1670,1726]" box="[192,640,1670,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0BE81A14D59487AD89DF938C9D5F925" bold="true" box="[192,640,1670,1694]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D59487AD89DF938C9D5F925" authority="Chevrolat, 1843" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1843" box="[192,640,1670,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Enema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D59487AD89DF938C9D5F925" bold="true" box="[192,640,1670,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D59487AD89DF938CAFDF925" bold="true" box="[192,424,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Enema endymion</emphasis>
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Chevrolat, 1843
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35365464D59487BD89DF919C929FB6A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D59487AD89DF919CA43F905" blockId="4.[192,640,1670,1726]" box="[192,278,1702,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13722A484D59487AD894F919CA58F905" box="[201,269,1702,1726]" captionStart="Figure 4-8" captionStartId="5.[192,276,1084,1106]" captionTargetBox="[200,1435,207,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-320@5.[192,1443,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4-8. Dynastinae collected at Las Cuevas research station, Cayo, Belize, during June 2006. Male specimens illustrated.4) Enema endymion. 5) Strategus aloeus.6) Strategus longichomperus. 7) Strategus jugurtha.8) Spodistes mniszechi. Photographs by James Kitson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5167851/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D59487AD89DF959CFD9F945" blockId="4.[192,1164,1766,1790]" box="[192,1164,1766,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D59487AD89DF959CABDF945" bold="true" box="[192,488,1766,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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20 (
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<specimenCount id="9D4FFD444D59487ADA44F959C9D0F945" box="[537,645,1766,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D4FFD444D59487ADAE3F959C863F945" box="[702,822,1766,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
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). BMNH, MGCB and JKCE.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D59487AD89DF899C8CBF885" blockId="4.[192,926,1830,1854]" box="[192,926,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D59487AD89DF899CA05F885" bold="true" box="[192,336,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Localities.</emphasis>
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Las Cuevas (12), Pook’s Hill (2), San Ignacio (6).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3666454D58487BD89DFB83C9C6FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5167851/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[192,276,1084,1106]" targetBox="[200,1435,207,1060]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D58487BD89DFB83C9C6FB37" blockId="5.[192,1440,1084,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD89DFB83CA16FBEA" bold="true" box="[192,323,1084,1106]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figure 4-8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BD914FB83CA9CFBE9" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[329,457,1084,1106]" family="Dynastinae" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
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collected at Las Cuevas research station, Cayo, Belize, during June 2006. Male specimens illustrated.
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD961FBE6CA06FBD4" bold="true" box="[316,339,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">4)</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD90AFBE5C94CFBD5" box="[343,537,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BD90AFBE5C940FBD5" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1843" box="[343,533,1113,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Enema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">Enema endymion</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDA40FBE6C966FBD4" bold="true" box="[541,563,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">5)</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDA65FBE6C9BAFBD5" box="[568,751,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BDA65FBE6C9BEFBD5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[568,747,1113,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aloeus">Strategus aloeus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDAAFFBE6C85CFBD4" bold="true" box="[754,777,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">6)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BDB50FBE6CF76FBD5" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="1976" box="[781,1059,1113,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longichomperus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDB50FBE6CF76FBD5" box="[781,1059,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Strategus longichomperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDC73FBE6CF10FBD4" bold="true" box="[1070,1093,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">7)</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDC17FBE6CE49FBD5" box="[1098,1308,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BDC17FBE6CE4DFBD5" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[1098,1304,1113,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jugurtha">Strategus jugurtha</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDD42FBE6CE60FBD4" bold="true" box="[1311,1333,1113,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">8)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BDD67FBE6CA7AFB30" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Spodistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechi">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDD67FBE6CA7AFB30" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Spodistes mniszechi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Photographs by James Kitson.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D58487BD89DFB06C929FB6A" blockId="5.[192,636,1209,1234]" box="[192,636,1209,1234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD89DFB06CADFFB6A" bold="true" box="[192,394,1209,1233]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Temporal data</emphasis>
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. May (8), June (12).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35365464D58487BD89DFB46CF8FFA8A" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D58487BD89DFB46CF8FFA8A" blockId="5.[192,1440,1273,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD89DFB46CA38FAAA" bold="true" box="[192,365,1273,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Southern Mexico to
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<collectingCountry id="F35E765D4D58487BDADCFB46C998FAAA" box="[641,717,1273,1297]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F35E765D4D58487BDB4CFB46C83CFAAA" box="[785,873,1273,1297]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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(Ratcliffe and Cave 2006).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B3C4D58487BDC95FB45CE33FAAA" author="Bates, H. W." box="[1224,1382,1273,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="296 - 342" refId="ref4388" refString="Bates, H. W. 1888. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia, Family Dynastinae. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta, Coleoptera 2 (part 2): 296 - 342." type="journal article" year="1888">Bates (1888)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B3C4D58487BD89DFAA6CAF9FA8A" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[192,428,1305,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref4419" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, part 2. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum 185: 189 - 341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder (1944)</bibRefCitation>
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recorded it from
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<collectingCountry id="F35E765D4D58487BDA24FAA6C801FA8A" box="[633,852,1305,1329]" name="Belize" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">British Honduras</collectingCountry>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDB00FAA6CF3DFA8A" bold="true" box="[861,1128,1305,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">New district record</emphasis>
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for
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<collectingRegion id="498DF82F4D58487BDCC8FAA6CF82FA8A" box="[1173,1239,1305,1329]" country="Belize" name="Cayo" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cayo</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35365464D584878D89DFAE6C95DFEC0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D58487BD89DFAE6C92DFA4A" blockId="5.[192,1440,1369,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD89DFAE6CA68FACA" bold="true" box="[192,317,1369,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
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. This species was remarkably abundant at all sites visited in
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<collectingCountry id="F35E765D4D58487BDC69FAE6CFD5FACA" box="[1076,1152,1369,1393]" name="Belize" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Belize</collectingCountry>
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in
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<date id="FFF7100D4D58487BDCFBFAE5CEC8FACA" box="[1190,1437,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2006-05" valueMax="2006-06-31" valueMin="2006-05-00">May and June 2006</date>
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. Evidently individuals were emerging
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDAD0FAC5C9AFFA2A" box="[653,762,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">en masse</emphasis>
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with the onset of the annual rainy season, beginning in late May/early June in that part of Central America. The beetles were seen by the hundreds in San Ignacio and often covered the pavements and roads of the area during the day, where many of them were crushed by pedestrians and vehicles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D58487BD8ADFA46CF58F90A" blockId="5.[192,1440,1369,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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Of the many hundreds of specimens of this species attracted to lights at Las Cuevas, I was able to collect a single male which possessed exceptionally well developed secondary sexual characters. In this specimen the cephalic horn is much longer than that of all other males seen (including all specimens in the BMNH) and, moreover, there is a well-developed bifurcate forward projecting protuberance on the anterior portion of the pronotum. The specimen, in fact, superficially resembles a small male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BDD14F9C5CAD5F90A" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Enema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pan">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDD14F9C5CBBAF90A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Enema pan</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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, although it is the typical brown color of
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BDB30F925CF53F90A" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1843" box="[877,1030,1689,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Enema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BDB30F925CF53F90A" box="[877,1030,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. endymion</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636CD4D584878D8ADF905C95DFEC0" blockId="5.[192,1440,1369,1905]" lastBlockId="6.[192,1441,195,379]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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I observed
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D58487BD929F905C95BF96A" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1843" box="[372,526,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Enema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D58487BD929F905C95BF96A" box="[372,526,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. endymion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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emerging from the open grass area surrounding Las Cuevas Research Station at around dusk (approximately 18:30 local time). Many beetles would quickly take off, and many were attracted to our lights. Beetles were also seen to burrow into the soil of the grassy area and into the ground surrounding the lights and the main building. From about 20:00, adult flight activity significantly declined. During the daytime it was exceptional to see a live beetle around the station, probably indicating that most beetles either dispersed with the onset of daylight or that they were lodged in bur- rows in the ground. Several specimens were collected in unbaited pitfall traps and also in traps baited with human dung to collect Scarabaeinae in the forest. Almost certainly these were accidentally captured by the traps and not actually attracted to them. If anything, it probably indicates the great abundance of these beetles roaming the forest floor. During daytime forays into the forest, occasional specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D4E4D5B4878DDD8FE9BCA6CFEE0" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Enema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endymion">
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<emphasis id="B93DEADF4D5B4878DDD8FE9BCA6CFEE0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. endymion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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would be seen crawling over the ground, suggesting that under the shady cover of the forest, this species can be diurnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |