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<document id="ACAD160F7E87D82ABE86FF1711EB1AA5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208030" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d0d8185-6413-45a8-8296-02cf27c54219" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208030" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460317553103" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H., Vieira, Leandro M. &amp; Winston, Judith E." docDate="2011" docId="03E087C2FFADEA009D9E52E7FF73692D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02962p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2962" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Amathia brasiliensis Busk 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFD9FFBAFFAEEA079D095719FF8D6E2A" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological characterization of Amathia distans Busk and Amathia brasiliensis Busk (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698255489765" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E7183C2507F77331F5ADA211F55F6FBD">Molecular and morphological characterization of Amathia distans Busk and Amathia brasiliensis Busk (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="972CCBC6E7073FC21637B214B9D1C15C">Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08BE5E66A34AD5C0D6F56B75CF7DE764">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BD42AF69397C6876AC303C0FFA28C14">Winston, Judith E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4E7E05C0E9EA2A4CE9334BB5CC6A4395">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E087C2FFADEA009D9E52E7FF73692D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5693540" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5693540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087C2FFADEA009D9E52E7FF73692D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087C2FFADEA009D9E52E7FF73692D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFADEA049D9E52E7FE6A6813" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFADEA049D9E52E7FD926832" blockId="3.[151,543,1534,1593]" box="[151,543,1534,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0BE81B8FFADEA049D9E52E7FD926832" bold="true" box="[151,543,1534,1560]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA049D9E52E7FD926832" ID-CoL="CJ7R" authority="Busk, 1886" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,543,1534,1560]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049D9E52E7FD926832" bold="true" box="[151,543,1534,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049D9E52E7FE026832" bold="true" box="[151,399,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA049C9F52E7FD926832" author="Busk" box="[406,543,1534,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFADEA049D9E5138FE6A6813" blockId="3.[151,543,1534,1593]" box="[151,487,1569,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
(
<figureCitation id="13722A51FFADEA049D965138FE8E6813" box="[159,259,1569,1593]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4. 1 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[177,1436,591,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,591,1938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. 1 2, Amathia brasiliensis, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.928 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil; 3 4, Amathia distans, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.925 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13722A51FFADEA049C065138FEDA6813" box="[271,343,1569,1593]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 10. 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1733,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 10. 5, Amathia brasiliensis, general view of the whitish-pale living colony; 6, Amathia distans, general view of the bright yellow living colony; 7, A. brasiliensis, close-up of the biserial autozooidal clusters around the wide stolon; 8, A. distans, close-up of autozooidal clusters around the slender stolon; 9, A. brasiliensis, close-up of whitish-pale pigment spots in the frontal surface of stolon and zooids; 10, A. distans, close-up of bright yellow pigment spots in stolon and zooidal surfaces, including lophophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208032/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5, 7, 9</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFADEA049C6D5138FE536813" box="[356,478,1569,1593]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,235,1159,1180]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,235,872,893]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1410,1158,1470]" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="TABLE 1. List of taxa, site of sampling, museum and GenBank accession numbers of specimens included in present study. Legends: AL, Alagoas State; SC, Santa Catarina State; SP, São Paulo State; PR, Paraná Sate, BR, Brazil. *, data previously published; **, material from CEBIMar-USP collection." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of Amathia brasiliensis Busk, 1886 from the Brazilian coast. NHMUK MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP 1887.12. 9.928 505 495 493 496 504" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" tableUuid-1="DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4">Tables 12</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFADEA049D9E5170FE556896" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFADEA049D9E5170FCC26855" blockId="3.[151,1437,1641,1725]" box="[151,847,1641,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5911FAFFADEA049D9E5170FCC26855" box="[151,847,1641,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA049D9E5170FD866855" ID-CoL="CJ7R" authority="Busk, 1886: 34" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,523,1641,1663]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049D9E5170FEE56855" box="[151,360,1641,1663]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFADEA049C675170FD866855" author="Busk" box="[366,523,1641,1663]" page="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA049C675170FE686855" author="Busk" box="[366,485,1641,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk, 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 34
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 7, fig. 2;
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFADEA049F985170FCC66855" author="Osburn" box="[657,843,1641,1663]" page="339" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA049F985170FC956855" author="Osburn" box="[657,792,1641,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 339
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFADEA049D9E5191FE556896" blockId="3.[151,1437,1641,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5911FAFFADEA049D9E5191FE556896" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA049D9E5191FD8768B7" ID-CoL="CJ84" authority="Marcus 1937: 134" authorityName="Marcus" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,522,1672,1694]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049D9E5191FEB068B4" box="[151,317,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia distans</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFADEA049C445190FD8768B7" author="Marcus" box="[333,522,1672,1694]" page="134" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA049C445190FE5568B7" author="Marcus" box="[333,472,1672,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 134
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(part), pl. 27, fig. 72; 1955: 313 (part);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFADEA049EBD5190FBEB68B7" author="Maturo" box="[948,1126,1672,1694]" page="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA049EBD5190FBB068B4" author="Maturo" box="[948,1085,1672,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Maturo, F. J. S. (1957) Study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina, and vicinity. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 73, 11 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Maturo 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 23
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 12;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA0499CE5191FAD768B7" author="d'Hondt" box="[1223,1370,1672,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="d'Hondt, J. - L. (1983) Tabular keys for the identification of the Recent ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique, 14, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">dHondt 1983</bibRefCitation>
: p. 65 (part). Non
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFADEA049C3451BFFE596896" author="Busk" box="[317,468,1702,1724]" page="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFADEA049C3451BFFE236896" author="Busk" box="[317,430,1702,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFADEA039D9E51F0FCDD6EDD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFADEA039D9E51F0FCDD6EDD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1769,2009]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049D9E51F0FE096928" bold="true" box="[151,388,1769,1794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049C8651F3FE71692B" box="[399,508,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFADEA049C8651F3FE71692B" box="[399,508,1770,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(chosen here):
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA049FBC51F3FC92692B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[693,799,1770,1793]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1887.12.9.928 (slide mounted by A.B. Hastings using Borax-carmine Glycerine;
<figureCitation id="13722A51FFADEA049CCA5014FDFE690F" box="[451,627,1805,1829]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4. 1 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[177,1436,591,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,591,1938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. 1 2, Amathia brasiliensis, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.928 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil; 3 4, Amathia distans, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.925 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figures 1 and 2</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA049F815014FCE2690F" box="[648,879,1805,1829]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049F815014FCE2690F" box="[648,879,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G. Busk det.), H.M.S.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA04998B5014FA8D690F" box="[1154,1280,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Challenger</emphasis>
, Bahia (
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFADEA0498605014FF3B6963" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), 1020 fms (
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFADEA049C505028FD876963" box="[345,522,1841,1865]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7435" metricValueMax="3.658" metricValueMin="1.829" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="27.435" valueMax="36.58" valueMin="18.29">18.2936.58 m</quantity>
).
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFADEA049F295028FD456963" box="[544,712,1841,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049F295028FD456963" box="[544,712,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA049FD3502BFCC96963" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[730,836,1842,1865]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1887.12.9.927,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA0499095028FB676963" box="[1024,1258,1841,1865]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA0499095028FB676963" box="[1024,1258,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G. Busk det.), H.M.S.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049DF5504CFEF76947" box="[252,378,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Challenger</emphasis>
, Bahia (
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFADEA049CE3504CFDB96947" box="[490,564,1877,1901]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), 1020 fms (
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFADEA049FDE504CFC056947" box="[727,904,1877,1901]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7435" metricValueMax="3.658" metricValueMin="1.829" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="27.435" valueMax="36.58" valueMin="18.29">18.2936.58 m</quantity>
);
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA049EA9504FFB876947" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[928,1034,1878,1901]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1890.4.14.5,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA0499A2504CFA186947" box="[1195,1429,1877,1901]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA0499A2504CFA186947" box="[1195,1429,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Bahia (
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFADEA049DE15060FEBF69BB" box="[232,306,1913,1937]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), G. Busk Supplementary Collection;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA049FD65063FCC469BB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[735,841,1914,1937]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1899.7.1.4520,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA0499085060FB6469BB" box="[1025,1257,1913,1937]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA0499085060FB6469BB" box="[1025,1257,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, H.M.S.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA0498555060FF52699F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Challenger</emphasis>
, Bahia (
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFADEA049C435084FE19699F" box="[330,404,1949,1973]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), G. Busk Collection;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA049F865087FD74699F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[655,761,1950,1973]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1963.2.12.356,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFADEA049EB85084FB14699F" box="[945,1177,1949,1973]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA049EB85084FB14699F" box="[945,1177,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, H.M.S.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFADEA0498055084FA07699F" box="[1292,1418,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Challenger</emphasis>
, Bahia (
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFADEA049DF950D8FEB769F3" box="[240,314,1985,2009]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), Dundee Collection. Additional material (
<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFADEA049E4B50D8FC2D69F3" box="[834,928,1985,2009]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,235,1159,1180]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of taxa, site of sampling, museum and GenBank accession numbers of specimens included in present study. Legends: AL, Alagoas State; SC, Santa Catarina State; SP, São Paulo State; PR, Paraná Sate, BR, Brazil. *, data previously published; **, material from CEBIMar-USP collection." pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Table 1</tableCitation>
):
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA049EC950D8FB9069F3" box="[960,1053,1985,2009]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">MZUSP</collectionCode>
495,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFADEA04996750D8FB4669F3" box="[1134,1227,1985,2009]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">MZUSP</collectionCode>
505 (donated to
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA039D9E578EFE8B6E85" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[151,262,151,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">NHMUK</collectionCode>
), Maceió, Alagoas State,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFAAEA039F39578EFDF56E85" box="[560,632,151,175]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA039F8F578EFD6E6E85" box="[646,739,151,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
(492, 493),
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA039E7E578EFC596E85" box="[887,980,151,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
(504, 506) (donated to
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA0399E4578EFAD16E85" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1261,1372,151,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">NHMUK</collectionCode>
), São Sebastião, São Paulo State,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFAAEA039CC457A5FD986EFE" box="[461,533,188,212]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA039F1657A5FDF16EFE" box="[543,636,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
494, Ilhabela, São Paulo;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA039EAB57A5FC726EFE" box="[930,1023,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
(496, 497),
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA03998057A5FB6B6EFE" box="[1161,1254,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
507 (donated to
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFAAEA039D9E57C6FE8B6EDD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[151,262,223,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">NHMUK</collectionCode>
), São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina State,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFAAEA039E0A57C6FCC66EDD" box="[771,843,223,247]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFAAEA039DCC561AFC8D6C3D" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFAAEA039DCC561AFC8D6C3D" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFAAEA039DCC561AFEFE6F36" bold="true" box="[197,371,259,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Redescription.</emphasis>
Colonies cuticularized, erect, densely branched, brownish. Frontal surface of stolons and zooids delicate, with inconspicuous whitish-pale pigment spots observed only in living colonies; colonies in alcohol whitish-brown in color. Autozooids in biserial clusters, 8 to 18 pairs in long complete clockwise or anticlockwise spirals along a wide stolon; the direction of spirals maintained from maternal to daughter stolons. Clumps occupying from half to three quarters of distal portion of stolon. Autozooids tubular, most of them almost completely unjoined, rarely joined at one third of their total length, not varying in size. Orifice terminal, approximately subquadrangular. Rhizoids sometimes present, arising in the proximal end of stolon. Polypides with 8 equal straight tentacles, measuring approximately
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFAAEA039F2256E6FD026C3D" box="[555,655,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF36665CFFAAEA039D9E50B3FBD769CA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[177,1436,591,1937]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFAAEA039D9E50B3FBD769CA" blockId="4.[151,1435,1962,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFAAEA039D9E50B3FEEA69EA" bold="true" box="[151,359,1962,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 14. 12</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFAAEA039C7D50B2FDCB69EB" box="[372,582,1963,1985]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFAAEA039C7D50B2FDCB69EB" box="[372,582,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NHMUK 1887.12.9.928 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil;
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFAAEA03987950B2FA1869EA" bold="true" box="[1392,1429,1963,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">34</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFAAEA039D9E50D3FEB669CA" box="[151,315,1994,2016]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFAAEA039D9E50D3FEB669CA" box="[151,315,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Amathia distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, NHMUK 1887.12.9.925 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF36665CFFABEA029D9E51DCFE0C697C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208032/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1710]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFABEA029D9E51DCFE0C697C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1733,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029D9E51DCFEEF68F1" bold="true" box="[151,354,1733,1756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 510. 5,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA029C6051DCFDB668F1" box="[361,571,1733,1755]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029C6051DCFDB668F1" box="[361,571,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, general view of the whitish-pale living colony;
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA02993951DCFBCF68F0" bold="true" box="[1072,1090,1733,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">6,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA02994351DCFB6268F1" box="[1098,1263,1733,1755]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA02994351DCFB6268F1" box="[1098,1263,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Amathia distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, general view of the bright yellow living colony;
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029CD551FDFE6268D3" bold="true" box="[476,495,1764,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">7,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA029CFC51FCFD0868D0" box="[501,645,1764,1786]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029CFC51FCFD0868D0" box="[501,645,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, close-up of the biserial autozooidal clusters around the wide stolon;
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA02984851FDFAD868D3" bold="true" box="[1345,1365,1764,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">8,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA02985351FCFF4C6932" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA02985351FCFF4C6932" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, close-up of autozooidal clusters around the slender stolon;
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029E29501AFCBE6932" bold="true" box="[800,819,1795,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">9,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA029E30501AFC446932" box="[825,969,1794,1816]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029E30501AFC446932" box="[825,969,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, close-up of whitish-pale pigment spots in the frontal surface of stolon and zooids;
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029F105038FDB5691C" bold="true" box="[537,568,1825,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">10,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA029F48503BFD25691D" box="[577,680,1825,1847]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029F48503BFD25691D" box="[577,680,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, close-up of bright yellow pigment spots in stolon and zooidal surfaces, including lophophores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFABEA009DCE509AFD1868B1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFABEA029DCE509AFA1169C8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1922,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029DCE509AFEB669B1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1923,1947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFABEA029C4B509AFDA469B1" box="[322,553,1923,1947]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFABEA029C4B509AFDA469B1" box="[322,553,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Bahia State,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFABEA02991D509BFBD569B0" box="[1044,1112,1922,1946]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFABEA02996E509BFB6869B0" author="Busk" box="[1127,1253,1922,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk 1886</bibRefCitation>
). This species is characterized by whitish-pale pigment spots in the frontal surface of stolons and zooids, and by a wide stolon (about
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFABEA029DE150D3FEC369C8" box="[232,334,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
of diameter) with biserial zooid clusters growing in clockwise or anticlockwise spirals along it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D9E578EFD1D6F15" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019D9E578EFEAE6E85" author="Busk" box="[151,291,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk (1886)</bibRefCitation>
noted a tendency of direction of spirals, characteristic of this species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019941578EFB636E85" author="Osburn" box="[1096,1262,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn (1940)</bibRefCitation>
disagreed with the synonymization of the name
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019F0757A5FD3D6EFE" box="[526,688,188,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019F0757A5FD3D6EFE" box="[526,688,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019E0857A5FCFC6EFE" box="[769,881,188,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019E0857A5FCFC6EFE" box="[769,881,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adopted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA01990957A4FB276EFE" author="Marcus" box="[1024,1194,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
, and used the epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019D9E57F9FE956ED2" box="[151,280,224,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019D9E57F9FE956ED2" box="[151,280,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for specimens with wider stolons (
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA8EA019FAA57C6FCC06EDD" box="[675,845,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.18">0.180.30 mm</quantity>
). The North Carolina specimens reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA01984357F9FF6C6F36" author="Maturo" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Maturo, F. J. S. (1957) Study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina, and vicinity. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 73, 11 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Maturo (1957)</bibRefCitation>
under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019C94561DFD816F36" box="[413,524,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019C94561DFD816F36" box="[413,524,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a wider stolon than
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019E25561DFC116F36" box="[812,924,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019E25561DFC116F36" box="[812,924,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA8EA019EE9561DFBA86F36" box="[992,1061,260,284]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(see
<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFA8EA019969561DFB576F36" box="[1120,1242,260,284]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="6.[151,235,872,893]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1410,1158,1470]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of Amathia brasiliensis Busk, 1886 from the Brazilian coast. NHMUK MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP 1887.12. 9.928 505 495 493 496 504" captionText-1="TABLE 3. Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of Amathia distans Busk, 1886 from the Brazilian coast." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" tableUuid-0="DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4">Tables 23</tableCitation>
for comparison), and hence probably belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019CE05631FD046F6A" box="[489,649,296,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019CE05631FD046F6A" box="[489,649,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019DCE5655FA8A6C3D" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
Specimens from the Suez Canal collected by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019FC75655FC0B6F4E" author="Hastings" box="[718,902,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Hastings, A. B. (1927) Zoological results of the Cambridge expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924, 20. Report on the Polyzoa. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 331 - 353." type="journal article" year="1927">Hastings (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, registered as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA0199225655FB076F4E" box="[1067,1162,332,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA0199225655FB076F4E" box="[1067,1162,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Amathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA0199965655FAAD6F4E" box="[1183,1312,332,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA0199965655FAAD6F4E" box="[1183,1312,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 1926.9.6.25), have stems with similar diameters (
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA8EA019FC95676FCEB6FAD" box="[704,870,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.18">0.180.20 mm</quantity>
) to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019EFA5669FB5B6FAD" authority="Busk" authorityName="Busk" box="[1011,1238,367,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019EFA5669FB1E6FA2" box="[1011,1171,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
Busk
</taxonomicName>
, but have smaller and broader free ends of zooids than the Challenger specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019E80568DFBA46F86" box="[905,1065,404,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019E80568DFBA46F86" box="[905,1065,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. DHondt (1983) redescribed the Suez Canal material as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019C9756A1FDDE6FFA" box="[414,595,440,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019C9756A1FDDE6FFA" box="[414,595,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Amathia distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019F5256A1FC8A6FFA" box="[603,775,440,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="variety" variety="aegyptiana">
var.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019F8256A0FC8A6FFA" box="[651,775,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was later raised to specific rank as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA0199E356A1FF5C6FDE" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA0199E356A1FF5C6FDE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Amathia aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019DF756C5FE566FDE" author="Chimonides" box="[254,475,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Chimonides, P. J. (1987) Notes on some species of the genus Amathia (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 52, 307 - 358." type="journal article" year="1987">Chimonides (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. The rooting processes are present in both
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019ECE56C5FBE46FDE" box="[967,1129,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019ECE56C5FBE46FDE" box="[967,1129,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA0199AA56C5FACD6FDE" box="[1187,1344,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA0199AA56C5FACD6FDE" box="[1187,1344,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the long bare terminal ramification, rarely present in
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019FB65519FCD26C32" box="[703,863,512,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019FB65519FCD26C32" box="[703,863,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was not described for
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA01996D5519FB726C32" box="[1124,1279,512,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA01996D5519FB726C32" box="[1124,1279,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019DCC553DFB016D1D" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019DCC553DFE2D6C16" author="Chimonides" box="[197,416,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Chimonides, P. J. (1987) Notes on some species of the genus Amathia (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 52, 307 - 358." type="journal article" year="1987">Chimonides (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, although noticing some similarities among
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019E99553DFBCA6C16" box="[912,1095,548,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pruvoti">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019E99553DFBCA6C16" box="[912,1095,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Amathia pruvoti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA01995D553DFB4F6C16" box="[1108,1218,548,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA01995D553DFB4F6C16" box="[1108,1218,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA0199D8553DFAE06C16" box="[1233,1389,548,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA0199D8553DFAE06C16" box="[1233,1389,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019D9E5551FEB66C4A" box="[151,315,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019D9E5551FEB66C4A" box="[151,315,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, observed several morphological characteristics that support each one as a distinct entity. These include the spiraling pattern of autozooidal groups (close to 360° in the last three species), the production of rhizoids only by
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019C2F5589FE4B6C82" box="[294,454,656,680]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019C2F5589FE4B6C82" box="[294,454,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the autozooidal spirality direction between maternal and daughter stolons. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019DD755ADFE346CE6" author="Chimonides" box="[222,441,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Chimonides, P. J. (1987) Notes on some species of the genus Amathia (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 52, 307 - 358." type="journal article" year="1987">Chimonides (1987)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019CCD55ADFDED6CE6" box="[452,608,692,716]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019CCD55ADFDED6CE6" box="[452,608,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one that produces autozooidal groups in which the direction of the spirality is maintained. Another distinctive character of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019E3355C1FC5A6CDA" box="[826,983,728,752]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019E3355C1FC5A6CDA" box="[826,983,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the absence of rhizoids [according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019D9E55E5FEFF6D3E" author="Chimonides" box="[151,370,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Chimonides, P. J. (1987) Notes on some species of the genus Amathia (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 52, 307 - 358." type="journal article" year="1987">Chimonides (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA8EA019CA555E5FD056D3E" box="[428,648,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Souto, J., Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. &amp; Reverter-Gil, O. (2010) The genus Amathia Lamouroux (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) in Iberian waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 181 - 195." type="journal article">
Souto
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019CFF55E4FDBD6D3E" box="[502,560,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
], but this structure is inconstant among the different specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA01988D55E5FE956D12" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA01988D55E5FE956D12" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied in the Western Atlantic and could represent ecophenotypical variation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" ID-Table-UUID="DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[151,1410,1158,1470]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" blockId="6.[151,1410,872,1139]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019D9E5471FE896D57" bold="true" box="[151,260,872,893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA8EA019E0E5471FBDF6D54" authority="Busk, 1886" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1886" box="[775,1106,872,894]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA8EA019E0E5471FC546D54" box="[775,985,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Amathia brasiliensis</emphasis>
Busk, 1886
</taxonomicName>
from the Brazilian coast. NHMUK MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP 1887.12.9.928 505 495 493 496 504
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D9654F8FEC26DDD" blockId="6.[151,1410,872,1139]" box="[159,335,993,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Autozooid length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D965313FAF56A0A" blockId="6.[151,1410,872,1139]" box="[159,1400,1034,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max - 0.3200.580 0.3000.680 0.3400.540 0.3900.520 0.4100.570</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D96532CFA0F6A63" blockId="6.[151,1410,872,1139]" box="[159,1410,1075,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mean (SD) - 0.422 (0.068) 0.300 (0.124) 0.450 (0.058) 0.440 (0.046) 0.454 (0.050)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D965344FEC76A59" blockId="6.[151,1410,872,1139]" box="[159,330,1117,1139]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Autozooid width</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D96539FFA0F6B94" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<table id="F949C474FFA815F89D9E539FFA0F6B94" box="[151,1410,1158,1470]" gridcols="7" gridrows="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E539FFA0F6AB6" box="[151,1410,1158,1180]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E539FFEAB6AB6" box="[151,294,1158,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max</th>
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89C5D539FFE196AB6" box="[340,404,1158,1180]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">-</th>
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89F06539FFD156AB6" box="[527,664,1158,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.0800.160</th>
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC0539FFCDE6AB6" box="[713,851,1158,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.0800.130</th>
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D539FFB806AB6" box="[900,1037,1158,1180]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.0900.140</th>
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89937539FFB4A6AB6" box="[1086,1223,1158,1180]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.0900.160</th>
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F1539FFA0F6AB6" box="[1272,1410,1158,1180]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.1000.130</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E53A9FA0F6AEC" box="[151,1410,1200,1222]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E53A9FEAB6AEC" box="[151,294,1200,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mean (SD)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89C5D53A9FE196AEC" box="[340,404,1200,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">-</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89F0653A9FD156AEC" box="[527,664,1200,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.118 (0.024)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC053A9FCDE6AEC" box="[713,851,1200,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.106 (0.16)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D53A9FB806AEC" box="[900,1037,1200,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.107 (0.020)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F8993753A9FB4A6AEC" box="[1086,1223,1200,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.121 (0.019)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F153A9FA0F6AEC" box="[1272,1410,1200,1222]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.116 (0.008)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E53C0FA0F6AC5" box="[151,1410,1241,1263]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E53C0FEAB6AC5" box="[151,294,1241,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Stolon length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E521BFA0F6B32" box="[151,1410,1282,1304]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E521BFEAB6B32" box="[151,294,1282,1304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89C5D521BFE196B32" box="[340,404,1282,1304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">-</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89F06521BFD156B32" box="[527,664,1282,1304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.1311.755</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC0521BFCDE6B32" box="[713,851,1282,1304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.4042.145</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D521BFB806B32" box="[900,1037,1282,1304]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.3652.028</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89937521BFB4A6B32" box="[1086,1223,1282,1304]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.4822.145</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F1521BFA0F6B32" box="[1272,1410,1282,1304]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.8722.340</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E5232FA0F6B68" box="[151,1410,1323,1346]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E5232FEAB6B68" box="[151,294,1323,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mean (SD)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89C5D5232FE196B68" box="[340,404,1323,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">-</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89F065232FD156B68" box="[527,664,1323,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.446 (0.182)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC05232FCDE6B68" box="[713,851,1323,1346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.720 (0.199)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D5232FB806B68" box="[900,1037,1323,1346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.692 (0.205)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899375232FB4A6B68" box="[1086,1223,1323,1346]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.841 (0.199)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F15232FA0F6B68" box="[1272,1410,1323,1346]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">2.086 (0.145)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E524CFA0F6B41" box="[151,1410,1365,1387]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E524CFEAB6B41" box="[151,294,1365,1387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Stolon width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E5267FA0F6BBE" box="[151,1410,1406,1428]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E5267FEAB6BBE" box="[151,294,1406,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89C5D5267FE196BBE" box="[340,404,1406,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">-</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89F065267FD156BBE" box="[527,664,1406,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.1500.210</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC05267FCDE6BBE" box="[713,851,1406,1428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.1500.260</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D5267FB806BBE" box="[900,1037,1406,1428]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.1500.210</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899375267FB4A6BBE" box="[1086,1223,1406,1428]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.1700.260</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F15267FA0F6BBE" box="[1272,1410,1406,1428]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.1700.240</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9E52B1FA0F6B94" box="[151,1410,1448,1470]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9E52B1FEAB6B94" box="[151,294,1448,1470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mean (SD)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89C5D52B1FE196B94" box="[340,404,1448,1470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">~ 0.22</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89F0652B1FD156B94" box="[527,664,1448,1470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.179 (0.018)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC052B1FCDE6B94" box="[713,851,1448,1470]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.199 (0.031)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D52B1FB806B94" box="[900,1037,1448,1470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.177 (0.020)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F8993752B1FB4A6B94" box="[1086,1223,1448,1470]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.216 (0.029)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F152B1FA0F6B94" box="[1272,1410,1448,1470]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.196 (0.026)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA8EA019D9652C8FABA69EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<table id="F949C474FFA815F89D9652C8FA0F69EB" box="[159,1410,1489,1985]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9652C8FA0F6BCD" box="[159,1410,1489,1511]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9652C8FD156BCD" box="[159,664,1489,1511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Clusters of Autozooid length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9652E3FA0F683A" box="[159,1410,1530,1552]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9652E3FD15683A" box="[159,664,1530,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max - 0.7211.209</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC052E3FCDF683A" box="[713,850,1530,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.8971.248</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D52E3FB81683A" box="[900,1036,1530,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">0.7021.248</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F8993752E3FB4B683A" box="[1086,1222,1530,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.0921.443</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F052E3FA0F683A" box="[1273,1410,1530,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.0531.287</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D96513AFA0F6810" box="[159,1410,1571,1594]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D96513AFD156810" box="[159,664,1571,1594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mean (SD) - 0.957 (0.162)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC0513AFCDF6810" box="[713,850,1571,1594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.036 (0.101)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D513AFB816810" box="[900,1036,1571,1594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.014 (0.115)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89937513AFB4B6810" box="[1086,1222,1571,1594]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.326 (0.112)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F0513AFA0F6810" box="[1273,1410,1571,1594]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1.178 (0.075)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D965154FA0F6849" box="[159,1410,1613,1635]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D965154FD156849" box="[159,664,1613,1635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Proportion of clusters on stolon</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D96516FFA0F68A6" box="[159,1410,1654,1676]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D96516FFD1568A6" box="[159,664,1654,1676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max - 58%79%</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC0516FFCDF68A6" box="[713,850,1654,1676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">55%67%</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D516FFB8168A6" box="[900,1036,1654,1676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">51%74%</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89937516FFB4B68A6" box="[1086,1222,1654,1676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">61%82%</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F0516FFA0F68A6" box="[1273,1410,1654,1676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">50%64%</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9651B9FA0F689C" box="[159,1410,1696,1718]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9651B9FD15689C" box="[159,664,1696,1718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mean (SD) - 66% (7%)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC051B9FCDF689C" box="[713,850,1696,1718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">60% (4%)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D51B9FB81689C" box="[900,1036,1696,1718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">60% (8%)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F8993751B9FB4B689C" box="[1086,1222,1696,1718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">72% (6%)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F051B9FA0F689C" box="[1273,1410,1696,1718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">57% (5%)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9651D0FA0F68F5" box="[159,1410,1737,1759]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9651D0FD1568F5" box="[159,664,1737,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pairs of autozooids per cluster</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D9651EBFA0F6922" box="[159,1410,1778,1800]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D9651EBFD156922" box="[159,664,1778,1800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Min-Max 1619 915</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC051EBFCDF6922" box="[713,850,1778,1800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1115</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D51EBFB816922" box="[900,1036,1778,1800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">816</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F8993751EBFB4B6922" box="[1086,1222,1778,1800]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1218</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F051EBFA0F6922" box="[1273,1410,1778,1800]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">1215</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D965002FA0F691B" box="[159,1410,1819,1841]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D965002FD15691B" box="[159,664,1819,1841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Spiral direction in daughter stolon</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D96505CFA0F6953" box="[159,1410,1861,1913]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D96505CFD156953" box="[159,664,1861,1913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Left stolon as maternal as maternal stolon stolon</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC0505CFCDF6953" box="[713,850,1861,1913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">clockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D505CFB816953" box="[900,1036,1861,1913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">clockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89937505CFB4B6953" box="[1086,1222,1861,1913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">clockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F0505CFA0F6953" box="[1273,1410,1861,1913]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">as maternal stolon</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA815F89D965094FA0F69EB" box="[159,1410,1933,1985]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA815F89D965094FD1569EB" box="[159,664,1933,1985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Right stolon as maternal as maternal stolon stolon</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89FC05094FCDF69EB" box="[713,850,1933,1985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">clockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F89E8D5094FB8169EB" box="[900,1036,1933,1985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">clockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899375094FB4B69EB" box="[1086,1222,1933,1985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">clockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA815F899F05094FA0F69EB" box="[1273,1410,1933,1985]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">as maternal stolon</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009D9E5783FA0A6AA1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<table id="F949C474FFA915F89D9E5780FA0A6AA1" box="[151,1415,153,1163]" gridcols="3" gridrows="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5780FA0A6E85" box="[151,1415,153,175]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5780FD636E85" box="[151,750,153,175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009D9E5783FE896E85" bold="true" box="[151,260,154,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
(continued.)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E57D2FA0A6ECB" box="[151,1415,203,225]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E57D2FD636ECB" box="[151,750,203,225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">MZUSP 494 MZUSP 492</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B57D2FB1D6ECB" box="[818,1168,203,225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">MZUSP 507 MZUSP 497</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C657D2FA0A6ECB" box="[1231,1415,203,225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">MZUSP 506</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E57EDFA0A6F20" box="[151,1415,244,266]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E57EDFD636F20" box="[151,750,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Autozooid length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5604FA0A6F19" box="[151,1415,285,307]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5604FD636F19" box="[151,750,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 0.4000.540 0.3200.530</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B5604FB1D6F19" box="[818,1168,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.3400.480 0.2900.470</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C65604FA0A6F19" box="[1231,1415,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.3800.480</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E565CFA0A6F76" box="[151,1415,325,348]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E565CFD636F76" box="[151,750,325,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mean (SD) 0.469 (0.047) 0.432 (0.061)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B565CFB1D6F76" box="[818,1168,325,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.412 (0.055) 0.382 (0.57)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C6565CFA0A6F76" box="[1231,1415,325,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.446 (0.36)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5677FA0A6FAE" box="[151,1415,366,388]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5677FD636FAE" box="[151,750,366,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Autozooid width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E568EFA0A6F87" box="[151,1415,407,429]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E568EFD636F87" box="[151,750,407,429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 0.0900.150 0.1100.150</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B568EFB1D6F87" box="[818,1168,407,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.1100.150 0.0900.130</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C6568EFA0A6F87" box="[1231,1415,407,429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.1000.130</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E56D9FA0A6FFD" box="[151,1415,448,471]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E56D9FD636FFD" box="[151,750,448,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mean (SD) 0.118 (0.019) 0.124 (0.013)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B56D9FB1D6FFD" box="[818,1168,448,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.127 (0.15) 0.110 (0.15)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C656D9FA0A6FFD" box="[1231,1415,448,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.112 (0.009)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E56F0FA0A6FD5" box="[151,1415,489,511]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E56F0FD636FD5" box="[151,750,489,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Stolon length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E550BFA0A6C02" box="[151,1415,530,552]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E550BFD636C02" box="[151,750,530,552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 1.6773.237 1.5602.184</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B550BFB1D6C02" box="[818,1168,530,552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1.5212.028 1.1892.125</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C6550BFA0A6C02" box="[1231,1415,530,552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1.7442.496</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5523FA0A6C7B" box="[151,1415,570,593]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5523FD636C7B" box="[151,750,570,593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mean (SD) 2.289 (0.480) 2.012 (0.196)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B5523FB1D6C7B" box="[818,1168,570,593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1.735 (0.165) 1.689 (0.236)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C65523FA0A6C7B" box="[1231,1415,570,593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">2.083 (0.293)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E557AFA0A6C53" box="[151,1415,611,633]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E557AFD636C53" box="[151,750,611,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Stolon width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5595FA0A6C88" box="[151,1415,652,674]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5595FD636C88" box="[151,750,652,674]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 0.1700.220 0.1700.250</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B5595FB1D6C88" box="[818,1168,652,674]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.1400.230 0.1600.230</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C65595FA0A6C88" box="[1231,1415,652,674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.2100.260</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E55ACFA0A6CE1" box="[151,1415,693,715]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E55ACFD636CE1" box="[151,750,693,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mean (SD) 0.199 (0.018) 0.205 (0.023)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B55ACFB1D6CE1" box="[818,1168,693,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.187 (0.027) 0.191 (0.025)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C655ACFA0A6CE1" box="[1231,1415,693,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.230 (0.014)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E55C4FA0A6CD9" box="[151,1415,733,755]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E55C4FD636CD9" box="[151,750,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Clusters of Autozooid length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E541FFA0A6D36" box="[151,1415,774,796]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E541FFD636D36" box="[151,750,774,796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 0.8191.248 1.1701.482</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B541FFB1D6D36" box="[818,1168,774,796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">0.8581.209 0.9551.346</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C6541FFA0A6D36" box="[1231,1415,774,796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1.1701.560</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5436FA0A6D6C" box="[151,1415,815,838]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5436FD636D6C" box="[151,750,815,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mean (SD) 1.069 (0.137) 1.349 (0.105)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B5436FB1D6D6C" box="[818,1168,815,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1.053 (0.113) 1.129 (0.104)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C65436FA0A6D6C" box="[1231,1415,815,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1.377 (0.140)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5441FA0A6D44" box="[151,1415,856,878]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5441FD636D44" box="[151,750,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Proportion of clusters on stolon</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5498FA0A6DBD" box="[151,1415,897,919]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5498FD636DBD" box="[151,750,897,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 35%70% 55%80%</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B5498FB1D6DBD" box="[818,1168,897,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">56%66% 58%80%</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C65498FA0A6DBD" box="[1231,1415,897,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">59%80%</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E54B3FA0A6DEA" box="[151,1415,938,960]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E54B3FD636DEA" box="[151,750,938,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mean (SD) 48% (10%) 67% (7%)</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B54B3FB1D6DEA" box="[818,1168,938,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">61% (3%) 68% (6%)</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C654B3FA0A6DEA" box="[1231,1415,938,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">66% (6%)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E54CBFA0A6DC2" box="[151,1415,978,1000]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E54CBFD636DC2" box="[151,750,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Pairs of autozooids per cluster</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E54E2FA0A6A3B" box="[151,1415,1019,1041]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E54E2FD636A3B" box="[151,750,1019,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Min-Max 1114 1115</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B54E2FB1D6A3B" box="[818,1168,1019,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">1115 1114</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C654E2FA0A6A3B" box="[1231,1415,1019,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">918</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E533DFA0A6A10" box="[151,1415,1060,1082]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E533DFD636A10" box="[151,750,1060,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Spiral direction in daughter stolon</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E5354FA0A6A49" box="[151,1415,1101,1123]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E5354FD636A49" box="[151,750,1101,1123]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Left stolon as maternal stolon Clockwise</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B5354FB1D6A49" box="[818,1168,1101,1123]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">as maternal stolon anticlockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C65354FA0A6A49" box="[1231,1415,1101,1123]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">as maternal stolon</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35793496FFA915F89D9E536CFA0A6AA1" box="[151,1415,1141,1163]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76A85DEAFFA915F89D9E536CFD636AA1" box="[151,750,1141,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Right stolon as maternal stolon Clockwise</th>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F89E3B536CFB1D6AA1" box="[818,1168,1141,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">as maternal stolon anticlockwise</td>
<td id="76A85DEAFFA915F899C6536CFA0A6AA1" box="[1231,1415,1141,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">as maternal stolon</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009DCC53CAFC5A6805" blockId="7.[151,1437,1235,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009DCC53CAFE2C6AC1" box="[197,417,1235,1259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Souto, J., Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. &amp; Reverter-Gil, O. (2010) The genus Amathia Lamouroux (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) in Iberian waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 181 - 195." type="journal article">
Souto
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009C1853CDFEC16AC1" box="[273,332,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009F2853CAFC946AC1" box="[545,793,1235,1259]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minoricensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009F2853CAFC946AC1" box="[545,793,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Amathia minoricensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Balearic waters (Iberian Peninsula), in which the direction of twisting remains the same as that of the maternal stolons. Although
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA00991E53EEFB3A6B25" box="[1047,1207,1271,1295]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA00991E53EEFB3A6B25" box="[1047,1207,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA0099E753EEFA116B25" box="[1262,1436,1271,1295]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minoricensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA0099E753EEFA116B25" box="[1262,1436,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. minoricensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present overlapping measurements for autozooids and stolon width [page 189 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA0099145202FB7C6B19" box="[1053,1265,1307,1331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Souto, J., Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. &amp; Reverter-Gil, O. (2010) The genus Amathia Lamouroux (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) in Iberian waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 181 - 195." type="journal article">
Souto
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA00996D5205FB186B19" box="[1124,1173,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFA9EA0099F55202FAC26B19" box="[1276,1359,1307,1331]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,235,872,893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,1158,1470]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of Amathia brasiliensis Busk, 1886 from the Brazilian coast. NHMUK MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP 1887.12. 9.928 505 495 493 496 504" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="DF36665CFFA8EA019D9E5471FA926DE4">Table 2</tableCitation>
of this study], the latter species is readily distinguished by the helix of autozooids describing about 180250°, the autozooids being joined for almost their total length, and the length of the stolon and zooid cluster being shorter in
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA00988D527AFE956BB5" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA00988D527AFE956BB5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009C7A529EFDAC6BB5" box="[371,545,1415,1439]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minoricensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009C7A529EFDAC6BB5" box="[371,545,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. minoricensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009F26529EFC8C6BB5" box="[559,769,1415,1439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Souto, J., Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. &amp; Reverter-Gil, O. (2010) The genus Amathia Lamouroux (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) in Iberian waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 181 - 195." type="journal article">
Souto
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009F7E5291FD3D6BB5" box="[631,688,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
also noted differences between the spiraling direction of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA00988D529EFE9E6BE9" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aegyptiana">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA00988D529EFE9E6BE9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. aegyptiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009C4752B2FE7C6BE9" box="[334,497,1451,1475]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009C4752B2FE7C6BE9" box="[334,497,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which according to them is not conserved along the colony of the latter species. However, in all specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009CEF52D6FD0A6BCD" box="[486,647,1487,1511]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009CEF52D6FD0A6BCD" box="[486,647,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here analyzed, including the
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFA9EA009EDA52C9FB8E6BC2" box="[979,1027,1488,1512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
specimens, the direction of twisting is conserved along the colony.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009CFD52EAFD446821" author="Busk" box="[500,713,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot;, Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886" yearSuffix="p">Busk (1886: p. 34)</bibRefCitation>
also noted for
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009E7C52EAFB9B6821" box="[885,1046,1523,1547]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009E7C52EAFB9B6821" box="[885,1046,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that the “comparative distinctness of the zooecia in the spiral series shows a tendency in the same direction”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009DCE5123FD1868B1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1235,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009DCE5123FE016879" bold="true" box="[199,396,1594,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Biological notes.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA9EA009CBE5122FE736879" box="[439,510,1595,1619]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009F055122FD236879" box="[524,686,1595,1619]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009F055122FD236879" box="[524,686,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common on various substrata, including algae, bryozoans and anthropogenic surfaces, and was observed also on or with other vesiculariids, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA00996F5146FB58685D" box="[1126,1237,1631,1655]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA00996F5146FB58685D" box="[1126,1237,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA0099ED5146FF4068B1" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vidovici">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA0099ED5146FACE685D" box="[1252,1347,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Amathia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA0098795146FF4068B1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">vidovici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009DD2519AFE2668B1" box="[219,427,1667,1691]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="crispa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009DD2519AFEB768B1" box="[219,314,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Amathia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009C6C519DFE2668B1" box="[357,427,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">crispa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009CE8519DFD1868B1" box="[481,661,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009CE8519DFD1F68B1" box="[481,658,1667,1691]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Zoobotryon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verticillatum">Z. verticillatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA9EA009DCE51BFFF73692D" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009DCE51BFFF73692D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1235,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009DCE51BFFEED6895" bold="true" box="[199,352,1702,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western Atlantic: North Carolina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009FE051BEFC0C6895" author="Maturo" box="[745,897,1703,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Maturo, F. J. S. (1957) Study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina, and vicinity. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 73, 11 - 68." type="journal article" year="1957">Maturo 1957</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA9EA009E9D51BEFC736895" box="[916,1022,1703,1727]" name="Bermuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA9EA00990051B1FB0C6895" box="[1033,1153,1703,1727]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Porto Rico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA00999951BEFAAA6895" author="Osburn" box="[1168,1319,1703,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn 1940</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA9EA00986351B1FF3E68C9" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009DCA51D2FE1968C9" author="Vieira" box="[195,404,1739,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2008">
Vieira
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009C1A51D5FEC368C9" box="[275,334,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA9EA009CA051D2FE7F68C9" box="[425,498,1739,1763]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Fernando de Noronha Island, and states of Alagoas, Bahia, São Paulo and Santa Catarina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>