205 lines
26 KiB
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205 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F87D9D091223EAA82BA3DD19430CEFAB">The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B38783D1170AE39737D2D72FB0B7432">Bittencourt, Jonathas De Souza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5256E242214F8B90037906A874CD00C">Kellner, Alexander Wilhelm Armin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="740A7DE8649E3DA9DB854F09596C573B">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BD5A05FFB3FF9EFF3524D7FA9BFD05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220559" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124873408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD5A05FFB3FF9EFF3524D7FA9BFD05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD5A05FFB3FF9EFF3524D7FA9BFD05" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C30EB898FFB3FF9EFF3524D7FA88FF52" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BABEB13FFB3FF9DFF3524D7FD39FB68" blockId="45.[151,1437,1195,2034]" box="[151,648,1195,1222]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0E35C7FFFB3FF9DFF3524D7FD39FB68" bold="true" box="[151,648,1195,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFF3524D7FD39FB68" bold="true" box="[151,648,1195,1222]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFF3524D7FE2BFB6B" box="[151,410,1196,1222]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFF3524D7FE2BFB6B" bold="true" box="[151,410,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Staurikosaurus pricei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a herrerasaurid
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BABEB13FFB3FF9EFF6424A9FA88FF52" blockId="45.[151,1437,1195,2034]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,152,680]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Prior to the work of Novas (1992), who identified several characters thought to unite
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFB7924A8FA8EFB41" box="[1243,1343,1234,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFB7924A8FB5BFB41" box="[1243,1258,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFB5924A8FA8EFB41" box="[1275,1343,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">pricei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFADD24A8FED6FABF" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFADD24A8FA25FB41" box="[1407,1428,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFF352482FED6FABF" box="[151,359,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ischigualastensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a single clade (Fig. 34b), the hypothesis of a close relationship between both species forming the clade
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFEDC255BFDF7FA97" box="[382,582,1312,1338]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herrerasauridae</taxonomicName>
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||
was contested by several authors (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFC5C255BFB11FA97" author="Galton" box="[1022,1184,1312,1338]" pageId="45" pageNumber="52" refString="Galton, P. M. (1977) Staurikosaurus pricei, an early saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil, with notes on the Herrerasauridae and Poposauridae. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 51, 234 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Galton 1977</bibRefCitation>
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||
; van
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFB46255BFA29FA97" author="Heerden" box="[1252,1432,1312,1338]" pageId="45" pageNumber="55" refString="van Heerden, J. (1978) Herrerasaurus and the origin of the sauropod dinosaurs. South African Journal of Science, 74, 187 - 189." type="journal article" year="1978">Heerden 1978</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFF35253DFE1CFACD" author="Brinkman" box="[151,429,1350,1376]" pageId="45" pageNumber="51" refString="Brinkman, D. B. & Sues, H-D. (1987) A staurikosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina and the relationships of the Staurikosauridae. Palaeontology, 30, 493 - 503." type="journal article" year="1987">Brinkman & Sues 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFE1B253DFD87FACD" author="Sues" box="[441,566,1350,1376]" pageId="45" pageNumber="55" refString="Sues, H. - D. (1990). Staurikosaurus and Herrerasauridae. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. (Eds.), The Dinosauria (1 st edn). University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 143 - 147." type="book chapter" year="1990">Sues 1990</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFDE8253DFCB4FACD" box="[586,773,1350,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herrerasauridae</taxonomicName>
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is nowadays widely accepted as monophyletic and wellsupported by a suite of postcranial characters (Novas 1993, 1996, 1997;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFC492516FB45FA2A" author="Sereno" box="[1003,1268,1389,1415]" pageId="45" pageNumber="55" refString="Sereno, P. C. & Novas, F. E. (1993) The skull and neck of the basal theropod Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13, 451 - 476." type="journal article" year="1993">Sereno & Novas 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFAA22516FA26FA2A" author="Sereno" box="[1280,1431,1389,1415]" pageId="45" pageNumber="55" refString="Sereno, P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs. Science, 284, 2137 - 2147." type="journal article" year="1999">Sereno 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFF3525EFFE0EFA03" author="Kellner" box="[151,447,1428,1454]" pageId="45" pageNumber="53" refString="Kellner, A. W. A. & Campos, D. A. (2000) Brief review of dinosaur studies and perspectives in Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 72, 509 - 538." type="journal article" year="2000">Kellner & Campos 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFE6E25EFFDD8FA03" author="Rauhut" box="[460,617,1428,1454]" pageId="45" pageNumber="54" refString="Rauhut, O. (2003) The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 69, 1 - 213." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFDD725EFFC73FA03" author="Bittencourt" box="[629,962,1428,1454]" pageId="45" pageNumber="50" refString="Bittencourt, J. S. & Kellner, A. W. A. (2004) The phylogenetic position of Staurikosaurus pricei from the Triassic of Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24 (Supplement to 3), 29 A." type="journal article" year="2004">Bittencourt & Kellner 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFC6C25EFFBD8FA03" author="Langer" box="[974,1129,1428,1454]" pageId="45" pageNumber="53" refString="Langer, M. C. (2004) Basal Saurischia. In: Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H. (Eds.), The Dinosauria (2 nd edn). University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 25 - 46." type="book chapter" year="2004">Langer 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFBD425EFFA3EFA03" author="Langer" box="[1142,1423,1428,1454]" pageId="45" pageNumber="53" refString="Langer, M. C. & Benton, M. J. (2006) Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4, 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer & Benton 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reanalysis of the matrix of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFDA625C1FCF7FA79" author="Langer" box="[516,838,1466,1492]" pageId="45" pageNumber="53" refString="Langer, M. C. & Benton, M. J. (2006) Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4, 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer & Benton (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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||
resulted in the following synapomorphies for
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFF35259AFEE8FA56" box="[151,345,1505,1531]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herrerasauridae</taxonomicName>
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: 1) centra and neural spines of caudal dorsal vertebrae axially shortened; 2) ribs of the first primordial sacral vertebra are deeper than half the depth of the ilium; 3) neural spines of proximal caudal vertebrae dorsally directed; 4) prezygapophyses of distal caudal vertebrae overlap more than a quarter of the adjacent centrum; 5) ventral portion of the postacetabular process does not bear a deep fossa in its caudal portion for the origin of
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFE1E2607FD5CF938" box="[444,749,1660,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caudofemoralis" subSpecies="brevis">
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFE1E2607FE65F938" box="[444,468,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB3FF9DFE472607FD5CF938" box="[485,749,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">caudofemoralis brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(= reduction of the brevis fossa); 6) lateral margin of the pubis caudally folded at its distal portion, with the pubic pair showing a U-shaped transverse section; 7) caudolateral flange of distal tibia short and does not project to the fibula. Characters 1–3 are seen only in herrerasaurids, but character 4 is also observed in theropods (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFCC9268BFBABF8A7" author="Gauthier" box="[875,1050,1776,1802]" pageId="45" pageNumber="52" refString="Gauthier, J. (1986) Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. In: Padian, K. (Ed.), The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1986">Gauthier 1986</bibRefCitation>
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; Novas 1992), and was formerly used to support a phylogenetic position of herrerasaurids within Theropoda (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFB38276DFA8CF89D" author="Sereno" box="[1178,1341,1814,1840]" pageId="45" pageNumber="55" refString="Sereno, P. C. (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs. Science, 284, 2137 - 2147." type="journal article" year="1999">Sereno 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In the phylogenetic hypothesis of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB3FF9DFE792746FD4FF8FA" author="Langer" box="[475,766,1853,1879]" pageId="45" pageNumber="53" refString="Langer, M. C. & Benton, M. J. (2006) Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4, 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer & Benton (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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this character is interpreted as independently acquired in theropods and herrerasaurids. Characters 5 and 7 are reversals to the ancestral state for Dinosauria; usage of these characters to diagnose
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB3FF9DFE5F27F1FD72F809" box="[509,707,1930,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herrerasauridae</taxonomicName>
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is unproblematic because the position of this clade within dinosaurs is well-supported (see above). The presence of plesiomorphic character states in taxa of a given ingroup should not be surprising, because evolution is prolific in every kind of homoplasy, i.e. convergences, parallelisms and reversals (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFE7520E3FD35FF1F" author="Amorim" box="[471,644,152,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="50" refString="Amorim, D. S. (1997) Elementos Basicos de Sistematica Filogenetica. Holos, Ribeirao Preto, 276 pp." type="book" year="1997">Amorim 1997</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In the reanalyses of the dataset of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFB8C20E3FB68FF1F" author="Rauhut" box="[1070,1241,152,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="54" refString="Rauhut, O. (2003) The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 69, 1 - 213." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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conducted here, herrerasaurids do not appear as a clade in the strict consensus tree, possibly due to the non-inclusion of characters considered synapomorphic for
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFD23209EFCDDFF53" box="[641,876,229,255]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFD23209EFD27FF53" box="[641,662,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
|
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.
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFD06209EFCDDFF53" box="[676,876,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ischigualastensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFC07209EFA85FF52" authority="Langer & Benton 2006" authorityName="Langer & Benton" authorityYear="2006" box="[933,1332,229,255]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFC07209EFC05FF53" box="[933,948,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFC61209EFBB6FF53" box="[963,1031,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">pricei</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFBB4209EFA9CFF52" author="Langer" box="[1046,1325,229,255]" pageId="46" pageNumber="53" refString="Langer, M. C. & Benton, M. J. (2006) Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4, 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer & Benton 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30EB898FFB0FF9EFF672177FA9BFD05" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BABEB13FFB0FF9EFF672177FA9BFD05" blockId="46.[151,1437,152,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Among the characters presented above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFD0C2177FC41FE88" box="[686,1008,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Chindesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bryansmalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFD0C2177FC41FE88" box="[686,1008,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Chindesaurus bryansmalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFB8E2177FAECFE88" box="[1068,1373,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Caseosaurus crosbyensis</emphasis>
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only definitely possess the reduction of the brevis fossa, but the materials attributed to these taxa are too incomplete to yield accurate conclusions as to their phylogenetic position. The shortening of the caudal dorsal vertebrae reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFE1021FBFC1EFE37" authority="Novas 1997" authorityName="Novas" authorityYear="1997" box="[434,943,384,410]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Chindesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bryansmalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFE1021FBFD4AFE34" box="[434,763,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Chindesaurus bryansmalli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFCAE21FBFC17FE37" author="Novas" box="[780,934,384,410]" pageId="46" pageNumber="54" refString="Novas, F. E. (1997) Herrerasauridae. In: Currie, P. J. & Padian, K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 303 - 311." type="book chapter" year="1997">Novas 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was contested by Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFB5B21FBFA80FE34" box="[1273,1329,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFEE621DDFD8DFE6D" box="[324,572,422,448]" pageId="46" pageNumber="53" refString="Irmis, R. B., Nesbitt, S. J., Padian, K., Smith, N. D., Turner, A. H., Woody, D. & Downs, A. (2007 a) A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs. Science, 317, 358 - 361." type="journal article">
|
||
Irmis
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFE2C21DCFE77FE6D" box="[398,454,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the presence of two sacral vertebrae unites
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFBC821DCFAD6FE6D" box="[1130,1383,422,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFBC821DCFBCEFE6D" box="[1130,1151,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFB3321DCFAD6FE6D" box="[1169,1383,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFF3521B6FE6AFE4B" box="[151,475,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Chindesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bryansmalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFF3521B6FE6AFE4B" box="[151,475,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Chindesaurus bryansmalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFCA721B6FC06FE4A" author="Sereno" box="[773,951,461,487]" pageId="46" pageNumber="55" refString="Sereno, P. C. (2007) The phylogenetic relationships of early dinosaurs: a comparative report. Historical Biology, 19, 145 - 155." type="journal article" year="2007">Sereno (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFC6621B6FB0CFE4B" box="[964,1213,461,487]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFC6621B6FC68FE4B" box="[964,985,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFC4921B6FB0CFE4B" box="[1003,1213,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears three sacral vertebrae (two sacrals plus one dorsosacral), as does the basal dinosauriform
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFB99218FFE96FD99" authority="Dzik & Sulej 2007" authorityName="Dzik & Sulej" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFB99218FFA80FDA0" box="[1083,1329,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Silesaurus opolensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8596E2FFB0FF9EFAE3218FFEAFFD99" author="Dzik" pageId="46" pageNumber="51" refString="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T. (2007) A review of the Early Triassic Krasiejow biote from Silesia, Poland. Paleontologia Polonica, 64, 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="2007">Dzik & Sulej 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFEF62261FE08FD9E" box="[340,441,538,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFEF62261FED2FD9E" box="[340,355,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFED12261FE08FD9E" box="[371,441,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">pricei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are also three sacrals, although this differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFBF42261FAF8FD9E" box="[1110,1353,538,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFBF42261FBDAFD9E" box="[1110,1131,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFBDE2261FAF8FD9E" box="[1148,1353,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ischigualastensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the incorporation of a caudal element, rather than a dorsal element, into the sacrum. Therefore the presence of two sacral vertebrae is not a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFD332213FCE0FD2F" box="[657,849,616,642]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herrerasauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFC322213FB78FD2C" box="[912,1225,616,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Chindesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bryansmalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFC322213FB78FD2C" box="[912,1225,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Chindesaurus bryansmalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9603701FFB0FF9EFAA62213FEAEFD05" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Caseosaurus crosbyensis</emphasis>
|
||
cannot be unequivocally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C149090FFB0FF9EFD7422F5FC20FD05" box="[726,913,654,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herrerasauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of available evidence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |