228 lines
25 KiB
XML
228 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="CC194011FB6D3CE5873511E5C610DEC5" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFD7FFD7FA41F652E52FF6B4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rucervus eldii" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="426" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="425" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D9FDB3C5A148AD477BCAA65F7EC69587" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E967FE070C2D3D75BAA74EFA44C79ED">
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<mods:title id="A61202CE7BB614B2ECE59D580295DAC1">Cervidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9DB6938E8CC7F0754510F02B9F93EEF7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4A2BBB325221D74B59E76D359553D37B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="95F8F16EF3918FA1C697DB948A30077D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="871817B39EFE659ED69351CBB1F85D67">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="397F52EA059209278371DDD2E52D7059">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="6ED14F5AEACA6D36231B9B0CBFA1BC9E" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="9EE3891D472C89FD583AD3E0876F8E82">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="C4829A16153AC2E434FCFB177150EC17">
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<mods:placeTerm id="D8A947B78CE2EAE25622CC6A8EB22F70">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="16B3BFD9BE90306BF2299234C711E835">
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<mods:title id="BE0E8630DD68756B4615C9FEB1E95574">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3C52EE35B07AC3A7B907A765341384DF">
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<mods:extent id="4908DE950B03713651FFAA156FD5FB9B" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="A2AB64905C0593F7656398CA8B134C47">350</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="53EBA0C0AE6619D68126051D0B432F2E">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E6C927F6ED90ECF44C7382BAAD2A0EDB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6514377</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E850A902157E6DB63E1F7142B898F5C7" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087C4FFD7FFD7FA41F652E52FF6B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514529" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087C4FFD7FFD7FA41F652E52FF6B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087C4FFD7FFD7FA41F652E52FF6B4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6FA41F652E3FEF5F6" box="[1418,1475,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6FA41F652E3FEF5F6" blockId="18.[1417,2219,2533,2652]" box="[1418,1475,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFD7FFD6FA41F652E3FEF5F6" box="[1418,1475,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFD7FFD6FA41F652E3FEF5F6" box="[1418,1475,2533,2575]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="14.[170,202,3419,3440]" captionTargetBox="[13,2767,16,3635]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="On following pages 25 Western Red Door (Corvus oluphusl, 26 Wapm (Corvus canodenswl" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514474/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">29.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6FA1FF652E150F5F6" box="[1492,1901,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6FA1FF652E150F5F6" blockId="18.[1417,2219,2533,2652]" box="[1492,1901,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFD7FFD6FA1FF652E150F5F6" box="[1492,1901,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6FA1FF652E150F5F6" box="[1492,1901,2533,2575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Brow-antlered Deer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6F854F65DEE96F5E9" box="[1951,2219,2538,2576]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6F854F65DEE96F5E9" blockId="18.[1417,2219,2533,2652]" box="[1951,2219,2538,2576]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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||
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFD7FFD6F854F65DEE96F5E9" box="[1951,2219,2538,2576]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD7FFD6F854F65DEE96F5E9" ID-CoL="4TM8N" baseAuthorityName="M'Clelland" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1951,2219,2538,2576]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rucervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD7FFD6F854F65DEE96F5E9" box="[1951,2219,2538,2576]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Rucervus eldii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6FA42F597EE1BF5A5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6FA42F597EE1FF5CC" blockId="18.[1417,2219,2533,2652]" box="[1417,2082,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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||
<heading id="D0FE81BEFFD7FFD6FA42F597EE1FF5CC" box="[1417,2082,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD7FFD6FA42F597E3EBF5CC" bold="true" box="[1417,1494,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6FA14F597E07DF5CC" box="[1503,1600,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Cerf d'Eld</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD7FFD6F99EF597E08CF5CC" bold="true" box="[1621,1713,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6F971F597E118F5CC" box="[1722,1829,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Leierhirsch</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD7FFD6F8F0F597E1ABF5CC" bold="true" box="[1851,1942,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6F854F597EE1FF5CC" box="[1951,2082,2592,2613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Ciervo de Eld</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6FA42F5F0EE1BF5A5" blockId="18.[1417,2219,2533,2652]" box="[1417,2086,2631,2652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFD7FFD6FA42F5F0EE1BF5A5" box="[1417,2086,2631,2652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD7FFD6FA42F5F0E042F5A5" bold="true" box="[1417,1663,2631,2652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6F942F5F0E144F5A5" box="[1673,1913,2631,2652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Eld's Deer; Sangai (eldii)</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6F84DF5F0EE1BF5A5" box="[1926,2086,2631,2652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFD7FFD6F84DF5F0EE1DF5A5" box="[1926,2080,2631,2652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Thamin (thamin</vernacularName>
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)
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6F824F538EC08F555" box="[2031,2613,2703,2732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6F824F538EC08F555" box="[2031,2613,2703,2732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD7FFD6F824F538EEB7F555" bold="true" box="[2031,2186,2703,2732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD7FFD6F750F538EC0DF555" ID-CoL="T56H" authority="M'Clelland, 1842" authorityName="M'Clelland" authorityYear="1842" box="[2203,2608,2703,2732]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Cervus eldii M’Clelland, 1842</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6F83BF501EF78F52A" box="[2032,2373,2742,2771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6F83BF501EF78F52A" box="[2032,2373,2742,2771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFD7FFD6F83BF501EF78F52A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196329" box="[2032,2373,2742,2771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFD7FFD6F83BF501EE54F52A" box="[2032,2153,2742,2771]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Manipur</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFD7FFD6F7BCF501EEF2F52A" box="[2167,2255,2742,2771]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Assam</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD7FFD6F72CF501EF0BF52A" box="[2279,2358,2742,2771]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">India</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD7FFD6F824F56FEE70F301" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6F824F56FEE70F301" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD7FFD6F767F56FEF1CF500" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1838" box="[2220,2337,2776,2809]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rucervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rucervus</taxonomicName>
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generally encompasses three species: Brow-antlered Deer, Barasingha (R. duvaucelit), and the extinct Schomburgk’s Deer (
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD7FFD6F6DDF4F8EFE1F489" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[2326,2524,2895,2928]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rucervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schomburgki">R. schomburgki</taxonomicName>
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). They are all specialized grass-eaters with highcrowned, uniquelyfolded cheek teeth. The molars have relatively large columns and prominent styles and pillars. Recent genetic analyses have questioned the monophyly of the genus and Brow-antlered Deer might not be related closely to the other two species. It has been sometimes placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD7FFD6F78EF3D6EEA7F37B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2117,2202,3169,3202]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cervus</taxonomicName>
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or in a distinct genus, Panolia. The scientific and the other common name ofthis species refers to L. P. D. Eld, British officer, whofirst observed and described it when he was Assistant to the Commissioner of
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFD7FFD6FA61F360E03CF301" box="[1450,1537,3287,3320]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Assam</collectingRegion>
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in 1838. Three subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF76665AFFD7FFD6FF44F2E0EED1F28B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554882" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6554882" box="[143,2284,3415,3445]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6554882/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" startId="18.[143,175,3415,3436]" targetBox="[12,2817,15,3634]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD7FFD6FF44F2E0EED1F28B" blockId="18.[143,2284,3415,3445]" box="[143,2284,3415,3445]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">On followmg pages 30 Barasıngha (Huoervus duvıuoelıı) 31 Chınose Water Deer (Hydroporos ınermısl 32 Western Roe Deer (Capreolus aıpmolus), 33 Eastern Roe Deer (Capraolus pyyaryus)</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF10FEA3E4D0FE37" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF76665AFFD6FFD7FF10FEA3E4D0FE37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514491/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" targetBox="[1415,2008,2709,3124]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF10FEA3E457FEC8" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" box="[219,618,276,305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF10FEA3E457FEC8" bold="true" box="[219,618,276,305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF10FE8BE5B2FEA0" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" box="[219,911,316,345]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD6FFD7FF10FE8BE5B2FEA0" authority="M’Clelland, 1842" authorityName="M’Clelland" authorityYear="1842" box="[219,911,316,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rucervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="eldii" subSpecies="eldis">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FF10FE8BE5B2FEA0" box="[219,911,316,345]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">R.e.eldisM’Clelland,1842—NEIndia(Manipur).</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF11FED7E760FE5C" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD6FFD7FF11FED7E760FE5C" authority="Lydekker, 1915" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rucervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="eldii" subSpecies="siamensis">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FF11FED7E760FE5C" name="Vietnam" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">R.e.siamensisLydekker,1915-Vietnam(couldbeextinct),Laos,Cambodia,andHainanI.</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF12FE06E4D0FE37" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" box="[217,749,433,462]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD6FFD7FF12FE06E479FE37" authority="Thomas, 1918" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1918" box="[217,580,433,462]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rucervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="eldii" subSpecies="thamin">R. e. thamin Thomas, 1918</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FDACFE06E4D4FE37" box="[615,745,433,462]" name="Myanmar" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF13FE66E2EFFC09" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF13FE66E2EFFC09" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF13FE66E7EEFE0A" bold="true" box="[216,467,465,499]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head body 160-170 cm for males (stags) and 140-150 cin for females (hinds); tail 22-25 cm, shoulder height 115-130 cm (stags) and 90-100 cm (hinds); weight 90-125 kg (adult stags) and 60-80 kg (adult hinds). Males are about 60% heavier than females. Medium to large-sized deer; male antlers have a very long brow tine that forms a continuous curve with the main beam. The skull has a deep lacrimal pit. The coat is reddish-brown abeve, whitish underneath. The tail is brown above. Females are paler. Males develop a neck mane during the rutting season. Preorbital, metatarsal, rear interdigital, and subcaudal glands are present. Permanent dentition of 34 teeth. Antlers of adult stags are about 90-100 cm long. with a record of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFD6FFD7FF35FC84E759FCAD" box="[254,356,819,852]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" unit="cm" value="112.0">112 cm</quantity>
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. The main beam first grows backwards, thep outwaids, and terminates in a forward curve. Toward the tip the beam tends to develop several small tines. Antler cycles are synchronized; antler casting occurs in May-June and velvet cleaning is in December. The Indian subspecies “Sangai” (¢ldii) has splaying hooves with cornified skin on the back of the digits, an adaptation for waiking on moist ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7F608FE6CEC37FE0D" box="[2499,2570,475,500]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">open</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF04FC4EE543FB4A" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF04FC4EE543FB4A" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF04FC4EE703FBEF" bold="true" box="[207,318,1017,1046]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FEB9FC4EE785FBEF" box="[370,440,1017,1046]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Brow-antlered Deerlive in: floating marshes. In South-east Asia it occurs in open-grass-dominated habitats, such as lowland open-canopy deciduous dipterocarp forests with grass understory and adjoining grassland patches. In Hainan Island it mainly occursin dry grassland with sparse trees and scrubland. In the recent pastit lived also in the pine savanna of Laotian plateaus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF06FB0BE7F1FAFA" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF06FB0BE7F1FAFA" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF06FB0BE7F3FB20" bold="true" box="[205,462,1212,1241]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
It tends to be a grazer of grasses and forbs and also feeds on leaves, flowers, and fruits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF06FAB1E7A5F973" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF06FAB1E7A5F973" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF06FAB1E76DFADE" bold="true" box="[205,336,1286,1319]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Females reach puberty at about 16 months of age. They are seasonally polyestrous with estrous cycles of 16-19 days and mean receptive periods of about 16 hours. Males attain physiological sexual maturity at about twelve months. For a tropical deer, breeding is very concentrated. Mating season occurs in 60-90 days between February and May (peak March-April), and calving season is in October-November. After a pregnancy of 240 days, hinds give birth to a single calf weighing 3.5-6 kg. At 10-15 days calves begin to eat grasses; at one month they follow their mother; at 50 days they begin to consume plants more regularly. Weaning occurs at 5-7 months of age. Primary predators are Tigers (Panthera tigris), Leopards (FP. pardus), and Dholes (Cuon alpinus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF02F938E2A8F949" box="[201,1173,1679,1712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF02F938E2A8F949" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" box="[201,1173,1679,1712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF02F938E78CF949" bold="true" box="[201,433,1679,1712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
It is more active in early morning and early evening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF01F901E331F88C" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF01F901E331F88C" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF01F901E5B2F92E" bold="true" box="[202,911,1718,1751]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Where studied, males have home ranges of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFD6FFD7FE66F969E7CDF906" box="[429,496,1758,1791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
|
||
? and females of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFD6FFD7FD2BF969E52AF906" box="[736,791,1758,1791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
®*. Maleslive for most of the year as solitary animals; females form small family groups with their fawns. During the rut in the hotdry season the most common groups are multimale mixed sex groups of aboutsix individuals; these may sometimes coalesce into larger herds of 50-70 or more.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF02F8CCE33FF72F" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF02F8CCE33FF72F" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF02F8CCE41EF865" bold="true" box="[201,547,1915,1948]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Cites Appendix I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Owing to hunting and habitat loss, the Brow-antlered Deer’s historical range has been contracted significantly and fragmented. The Indian subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFD6FFD7FB61F87DE2E2F812" authorityName="M'Clelland" authorityYear="1842" box="[1194,1247,1994,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reduced to a single population in the Keibul Lamjao National Park, whereit is slowly increasing from a minimum of 14 animals in 1975 to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFD6FFD7FCB0F7AAE5F3F7C3" box="[891,974,2077,2106]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" unit="in" value="180.0">180 in</quantity>
|
||
2004. The “Thamin” (thamin) of the central plain of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FDD8F788E4AEF799" box="[531,659,2111,2144]" name="Myanmar" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,still occurs in several localized areas and has been reintroduced in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FE7BF7D8E40FF771" box="[432,562,2159,2184]" name="Thailand" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The most eastern subspecies, siamensis, is scattered in small populations (one or two in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FD9BF725E4AFF756" box="[592,658,2194,2223]" name="Laos" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a few in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FCD1F725E591F756" box="[794,940,2194,2223]" name="Cambodia" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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||
, one on Hainan Island). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FAF2F725E73AF72F" name="Vietnam" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
it may be extinct and in mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFD6FFD7FD3EF702E574F72F" box="[757,841,2229,2262]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFD6FFD7FC95F702E5FFF72F" box="[862,962,2229,2262]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
) it is certainly extinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFD6FFD7FF00F75EE52FF6B4" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFD6FFD7FF00F75EE52FF6B4" blockId="19.[201,1411,276,2387]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFD6FFD7FF00F75EE759F707" bold="true" box="[203,356,2281,2302]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aung et al. (2001), Balakrishnan et al. (2003), Blakeslee et al. (1979), Gee (1961), McShea et al. (2001), Song Yanling & Zeng Zhigao (2003), Timmins & Duckworth (2008b), Wemmer & Grodinsky (1988), Wemmer & Montali (1988), Zeng Zhigao et al. (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |