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<document id="F3ED85998AD5CD514D5B84C75BB6CD50" ID-CLB-Dataset="45820" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2f2585ce-e9e1-4c7a-a337-cf50fe3e3eec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228822" ID-ZooBank="6DE4B4A5-9369-4F9A-9F1A-C61EC4528F3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460418034949" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Souto, Javier, Reverter-Gil, Oscar &amp; Ostrovsky, Andrew N." docDate="2014" docId="039D879AFFA04C61FF16F9BCFA32FB74" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p151.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Coronellina atlantica Souto, Reverter-Gil &amp; Ostrovsky, 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="FFA4FFE2FFA14C65FF81FFD7FFB0FFD4" masterDocTitle="New species of Bryozoa from Madeira associated with rhodoliths" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1698329278374" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F6E3202EA21B024087423998B622A43E">New species of Bryozoa from Madeira associated with rhodoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F51ABF39F46F45BE341A94BC3C348BF7">Souto, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3EB96E6DC3FE179E056CD7466B47707">Reverter-Gil, Oscar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31E3DB46E4CCE999756AAB1FE9BD4893">Ostrovsky, Andrew N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2B029B20B0DB8DBE2FA43D0084F7FE97">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FA87B032664FBA0A5231675DB0BF0E82">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5A4025137D1783AF8FE3ACE24421FC13">3795</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B8C0DBC533C93301CD6F830A33AA33E9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3795.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D879AFFA04C61FF16F9BCFA32FB74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6144302" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6144302" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D879AFFA04C61FF16F9BCFA32FB74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D879AFFA04C61FF16F9BCFA32FB74" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<subSubSection id="C32E6507FFA04C64FF16F9BCFEDCF97C" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA04C64FF16F9BCFE63F951" blockId="1.[151,467,1643,1705]" box="[151,467,1643,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<heading id="D0C381E0FFA04C64FF16F9BCFE63F951" bold="true" box="[151,467,1643,1669]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FF16F9BCFE63F951" bold="true" box="[151,467,1643,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA04C64FF16F9BCFE3DF950" box="[151,397,1643,1668]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FF16F9BCFE3DF950" bold="true" box="[151,397,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Coronellina atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27357E5FFA04C64FE15F9BBFE63F951" box="[404,467,1644,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA04C64FF16F947FEDCF97C" blockId="1.[151,467,1643,1705]" box="[151,364,1680,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A09FFA04C64FF1EF947FEB5F97C" box="[159,261,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1538,1561]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 9. Coronellina atlantica n. sp. 3, Unbleached zooids (holotype); 4, same, ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids; note the immersed ovicells, of which the ooecia are formed by either distal autozooids or kenozooids; 5, same, two ooecia formed by the same distal autozooid; 6, growing edge of a colony; note the various stages in the development of the cryptocyst and the tiny pores indicating the position of basal rootlets (paratype 1); 7, autozooids at the growing edge showing almost complete cryptocysts (paratype 2); 8, developing ooecium in autozooid with intramural budding (paratype 1); 9, ancestrula (arrow) and periancestrular zooids (paratype 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228824/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Figs 3–9</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6B60337FFA04C64FE91F947FED1F97C" box="[272,353,1680,1705]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,908,931]" captionTargetBox="[159,1323,958,1228]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of Coronellina atlantica n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B6604FFA34C67FF16FC5BFCE5FC77" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" tableUuid="DF4B6604FFA34C67FF16FC5BFCE5FC77">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6507FFA04C64FF16F90FFB1BF8C1" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA04C64FF16F90FFB1BF8C1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1752,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FF16F90FFE35F925" bold="true" box="[151,389,1752,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548F882EFFA04C64FE10F90FFE48F924" box="[401,504,1752,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FE10F90FFE48F924" box="[401,504,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED25AE49FFA04C64FD8DF90FFDD3F925" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[524,611,1752,1777]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">MNCN</collectionCode>
–25.03/3863,
<geoCoordinate id="EE00504BFFA04C64FC81F90FFC0DF924" box="[768,957,1752,1777]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="32.641853">32º38’30.67’’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE00504BFFA04C64FC4CF90FFB3EF924" box="[973,1166,1752,1777]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-16.829859">16º49’47.49’’ W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCC9B69FFA04C64FB1FF90FFB6EF924" box="[1182,1246,1752,1776]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8A104CFFA04C64FB6EF90FFAC0F924" box="[1263,1392,1752,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" value="2011-04">April 2011</date>
, on rhodoliths.
<typeStatus id="548F882EFFA04C64FE97F92AFE37F8C0" box="[278,391,1789,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FE97F92AFE37F8C0" box="[278,391,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED25AE49FFA04C64FE17F92BFE5CF8C1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[406,492,1788,1813]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">MNCN</collectionCode>
–25.03/3859, 3868,
<collectionCode id="ED25AE49FFA04C64FD4DF92AFC86F8C0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[716,822,1789,1812]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">NHMUK</collectionCode>
2014.1.16.1: data as in
<typeStatus id="548F882EFFA04C64FBC0F92BFB17F8C1" box="[1089,1191,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6507FFA04C64FF46F8F7FE50F889" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA04C64FF46F8F7FE50F889" blockId="1.[151,1437,1752,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FF46F8F7FEFEF8ED" bold="true" box="[199,334,1824,1849]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Atlantic origin of the samples, in contradistinction to the Mediterranean distribution of the
<typeStatus id="548F882EFFA04C64FF41F892FF40F889" box="[192,240,1861,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6507FFA04C67FF46F8BFFD62FAD0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA04C67FF46F8BFFAA7FE04" blockId="1.[151,1437,1752,2029]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA04C64FF46F8BFFEE9F855" bold="true" box="[199,345,1896,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar. Zooids generally arranged in alternating series, sometimes irregularly disposed; mostly disjunct, separated by a wide slit, but sometimes nearly contiguous with only a deep groove between them. Each zooid linked to its neighbors by 10–14 short tubules, each formed from a basal pore-chamber developing on all vertical cystid walls including the proximal one; each zooid thus connected to a neighbor by 2–3 (sometimes 1 or even 4) tubules. Occasionally a bifurcate tubule is linked to two proximal zooids. Autozooids generally oval, but frequently having an irregular shape, adapting to the substratum and neighboring zooids. Cystid outline distally rounded whereas it is truncate or, more frequently, irregular proximally. Frontal wall membranous, underlain by a flat granular cryptocyst with raised crenellate lateral rim (often nondeveloped proximally). Cryptocyst occupying about 80% of frontal side, being depressed in its distal third and slightly raised towards the opesia. Two large, non-perforate depressions (
<quantity id="4CCC9B69FFA34C67FC6EFE9BFB28FEB0" box="[1007,1176,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.06 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CCC9B69FFA34C67FB66FE9BFA2DFEB0" box="[1255,1437,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="0.03" valueMax="0.04" valueMin="0.02">0.020–0.04 mm</quantity>
wide) proximal to opesia; these shallow in newly formed zooids, becoming deeper with increasing calcification. Opesia transversely elliptical or semicircular, widest proximally; its proximal edge straight or slightly concave, having no laminar lip. Operculum semicircular, with a marginal sclerite, occupying most of the opesia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46FE0BFBEDFDCC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
Cystid basal wall not in direct contact with substratum but supported on small basal rootlets (seen as tiny pits in developing zooids,
<figureCitation id="130F2A09FFA34C67FE0FFE28FE61FDCC" box="[398,465,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1538,1561]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 9. Coronellina atlantica n. sp. 3, Unbleached zooids (holotype); 4, same, ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids; note the immersed ovicells, of which the ooecia are formed by either distal autozooids or kenozooids; 5, same, two ooecia formed by the same distal autozooid; 6, growing edge of a colony; note the various stages in the development of the cryptocyst and the tiny pores indicating the position of basal rootlets (paratype 1); 7, autozooids at the growing edge showing almost complete cryptocysts (paratype 2); 8, developing ooecium in autozooid with intramural budding (paratype 1); 9, ancestrula (arrow) and periancestrular zooids (paratype 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), comprising short outgrowths attached to the substratum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46FDF3FEDDFD19" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
Ovicell immersed, acleithral, with ooecium formed by the distal autozooid or, sometimes, kenozooid. Ooecium vestigial, with proximal gymnocystal edge and distal cryptocystal area. Brood sac (removed during bleaching) placed below operculum of maternal zooid, which has a larger, slightly trifoliate, opesia. Operculum of maternal zooids larger than in non-fertile autozooids. Up to two ooecia formed by a single distal autozooid seen in several specimens (
<figureCitation id="130F2A09FFA34C67FE9AFD63FEEFFD19" box="[283,351,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1538,1561]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 9. Coronellina atlantica n. sp. 3, Unbleached zooids (holotype); 4, same, ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids; note the immersed ovicells, of which the ooecia are formed by either distal autozooids or kenozooids; 5, same, two ooecia formed by the same distal autozooid; 6, growing edge of a colony; note the various stages in the development of the cryptocyst and the tiny pores indicating the position of basal rootlets (paratype 1); 7, autozooids at the growing edge showing almost complete cryptocysts (paratype 2); 8, developing ooecium in autozooid with intramural budding (paratype 1); 9, ancestrula (arrow) and periancestrular zooids (paratype 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46FD00FE54FCC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Abortive kenozooids sometimes present; these irregularly shaped, with granular cryptocyst and a small central or distal slit in the cryptocyst.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46FCC8FC07FC89" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Ancestrula autozooidal, with smaller opesia and six mural spines: two distal (oral), two lateral and two proximal. At least one periancestrular zooid with two distal oral spines.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B6604FFA34C67FF16FC5BFCE5FC77" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B6604FFA34C67FF16FC5BFCE5FC77" box="[151,853,907,931]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B6604FFA34C67FF16FC5BFCE5FC77" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" targetBox="[159,1323,958,1228]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF16FC5BFCE5FC77" blockId="2.[151,853,907,931]" box="[151,853,907,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FF16FC5BFEBAFC77" bold="true" box="[151,266,908,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FDACFC5CFCA2FC77" box="[557,786,907,931]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FDACFC5CFCA2FC77" box="[557,786,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Coronellina atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27357E5FFA34C67FC98FC5BFCE5FC77" box="[793,853,908,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FDB7FC68FAAFFB18" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<table id="F934C42CFFA3B39AFF1EFC69FA9BFB18" box="[159,1323,958,1228]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFC69FA9BFC00" box="[159,1323,958,980]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FC69FDC0FC00" box="[566,624,958,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mean</th>
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFC69FCA0FC00" box="[714,784,958,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">SD</th>
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FC69FC6CFC00" box="[887,988,958,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Minimum</th>
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FC69FB1BFC00" box="[1089,1195,958,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Maximum</th>
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FC69FA9BFC00" box="[1298,1323,958,980]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFC3FFA9BFC2A" box="[159,1323,1000,1022]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFF1EFC3FFE62FC2A" box="[159,466,1000,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Autozooid length</th>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FC3FFDC0FC2A" box="[566,624,1000,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.435</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFC3FFCA0FC2A" box="[714,784,1000,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.0529</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FC3FFC6CFC2A" box="[887,988,1000,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.345</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FC3FFB1BFC2A" box="[1089,1195,1000,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.545</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FC3FFA9BFC2A" box="[1298,1323,1000,1022]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFBC6FA9BFBF3" box="[159,1323,1041,1063]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFF1EFBC6FE62FBF3" box="[159,466,1041,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Autozooid width</th>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FBC6FDC0FBF3" box="[566,624,1041,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.283</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFBC6FCA0FBF3" box="[714,784,1041,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.0338</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FBC6FC6CFBF3" box="[887,988,1041,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.238</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FBC6FB1BFBF3" box="[1089,1195,1041,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.334</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FBC6FA9BFBF3" box="[1298,1323,1041,1063]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFBEDFA9BFB84" box="[159,1323,1082,1104]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFF1EFBEDFE62FB84" box="[159,466,1082,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Opesia length</th>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FBEDFDC0FB84" box="[566,624,1082,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.078</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFBEDFCA0FB84" box="[714,784,1082,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.0057</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FBEDFC6CFB84" box="[887,988,1082,1104]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.065</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FBEDFB1BFB84" box="[1089,1195,1082,1104]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.086</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FBEDFA9BFB84" box="[1298,1323,1082,1104]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFBB3FA9BFBAE" box="[159,1323,1124,1146]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFF1EFBB3FE62FBAE" box="[159,466,1124,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Opesia width</th>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FBB3FDC0FBAE" box="[566,624,1124,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.125</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFBB3FCA0FBAE" box="[714,784,1124,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.0056</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FBB3FC6CFBAE" box="[887,988,1124,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.115</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FBB3FB1BFBAE" box="[1089,1195,1124,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.135</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FBB3FA9BFBAE" box="[1298,1323,1124,1146]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFB5AFA9BFB77" box="[159,1323,1165,1187]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFF1EFB5AFE62FB77" box="[159,466,1165,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Opesia ovicellate zooid length</th>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FB5AFDC0FB77" box="[566,624,1165,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.122</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFB5AFCA0FB77" box="[714,784,1165,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.0123</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FB5AFC6CFB77" box="[887,988,1165,1187]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.107</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FB5AFB1BFB77" box="[1089,1195,1165,1187]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.136</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FB5AFA9BFB77" box="[1298,1323,1165,1187]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350434CEFFA3B39AFF1EFB61FA9BFB18" box="[159,1323,1206,1228]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<th id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFF1EFB61FE62FB18" box="[159,466,1206,1228]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Opesia ovicellate zooid width</th>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFDB7FB61FDC0FB18" box="[566,624,1206,1228]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.153</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFD4BFB61FCA0FB18" box="[714,784,1206,1228]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.0075</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFCF6FB61FC6CFB18" box="[887,988,1206,1228]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.140</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFBC0FB61FB1BFB18" box="[1089,1195,1206,1228]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">0.164</td>
<td id="76D55DB2FFA3B39AFA93FB61FA9BFB18" box="[1298,1323,1206,1228]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF16FB3AFD62FAD0" blockId="2.[151,722,1261,1284]" box="[151,722,1261,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">SD, Standard deviation; N, number of measurements.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6507FFA34C67FF46FAFAFF7FFA2E" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46FAFAFF7FFA2E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1325,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FF46FAFAFE8BFA92" bold="true" box="[199,315,1325,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FEC7FAFAFD8BFA91" box="[326,571,1325,1349]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FEC7FAFAFD8BFA91" box="[326,571,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Coronellina atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27357E5FFA34C67FDC4FAFAFD39FA92" box="[581,649,1325,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FDC4FAFAFD39FA92" bold="true" box="[581,649,1325,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles both
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FCCDFAF9FBD3FA92" authority="Gautier, 1962" authorityName="Gautier" authorityYear="1962" box="[844,1123,1325,1350]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FCCDFAF9FC18FA91" box="[844,936,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. fagei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA34C67FC3AFAFAFBEAFA92" author="Gautier" box="[955,1114,1325,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Gautier, Y. - V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume, 38 (24), 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and several species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FF64FA86FE80FABD" box="[229,304,1361,1385]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FF64FA86FE80FABD" box="[229,304,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCountry id="F323761CFFA34C67FEC5FA85FED3FABE" box="[324,355,1362,1386]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">As</collectingCountry>
in these species,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FDBCFA85FD77FABD" box="[573,711,1361,1385]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FDBCFA85FD77FABD" box="[573,711,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more-or-less oval zooids that are disjunct and linked to neighbors by tubules, an extensive cryptocyst leaving an opesia larger than the operculum, and crenulate zooidal margins without spines, except in the ancestrula and periancestrular zooids. The structure of the immersed ovicells is also similar. In both genera, colonies are attached to the substratum by basal rootlets outgrowing from the basal wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6507FFA34C61FF46F9D2FA32FB74" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46F9D2FD13F852" blockId="2.[151,1437,1325,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FF46F9D2FE0DF9C9" box="[199,445,1541,1565]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FF46F9D2FE0DF9C9" box="[199,445,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Coronellina atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FDDEF9D2FD1AF9C9" ID-CoL="84QJD" box="[607,682,1541,1565]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FDDEF9D2FD1AF9C9" box="[607,682,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by the presence of the two depressions proximal to the opesia.
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FF77F9FEFE75F995" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[246,453,1577,1601]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FF77F9FEFE75F995" box="[246,453,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Coronellina fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only species of the genus up to now, was originally described from the Mediterranean and recently redescribed in our previous work (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA34C67FCE5F999FB8DF9B2" author="Souto" box="[868,1085,1613,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2010 a) Bryozoa from detritic bottoms in the Menorca Channel (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), with notes on the genus Cribellopora. Zootaxa, 2536, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Souto
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FC31F999FC52F9B1" box="[944,994,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al</emphasis>
. 2010a
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the ovicells of this species have been previously described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA34C67FDF9F9A5FC37F95E" author="Prenant" box="[632,903,1649,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Prenant, M. &amp; Bobin, G. (1966) Bryozoaires, 2 e partie. Chilostomes Anasca. Faune de France, 68, 1 - 647." type="journal article" year="1966">Prenant &amp; Bobin (1966)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA34C67FC3FF9A5FB25F95E" author="Souto" box="[958,1173,1649,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" refString="Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2010 a) Bryozoa from detritic bottoms in the Menorca Channel (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), with notes on the genus Cribellopora. Zootaxa, 2536, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Souto
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FB87F9A5FB86F95D" box="[1030,1078,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al</emphasis>
. (2010a
</bibRefCitation>
, p.42) as “independent, hyperstomial, with recessed frontal surface flat, granular, sloping towards the distal zooid”. In fact, this species possesses the same ovicell structure as
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FDE4F96DFD5EF905" box="[613,750,1721,1745]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FDE4F96DFD5EF905" box="[613,750,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– immersed with a vestigial ooecium and brooding cavity beneath the maternal opeculum. In contrast with
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FD3DF909FCF0F921" box="[700,832,1757,1781]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FD3DF909FCF0F921" box="[700,832,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the vestigial ooecium of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FB50F909FA9AF921" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[1233,1322,1757,1781]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FB50F909FA9AF921" box="[1233,1322,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is formed by a wide distal kenozooid with a round outline (in frontal view). This kenozooid mimics a conventional (hyperstomial) ovicell, and this is a reason why the former was confused with the latter. In contrast, the vestigial ooecium of the immersed ovicells of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FDD3F89DFD6BF8B5" box="[594,731,1865,1889]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FDD3F89DFD6BF8B5" box="[594,731,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is formed by a distal autozooid, although sometimes by an irregularly shaped distal kenozooid (
<figureCitation id="130F2A09FFA34C67FDB1F8BAFD25F852" box="[560,661,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1538,1561]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 9. Coronellina atlantica n. sp. 3, Unbleached zooids (holotype); 4, same, ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids; note the immersed ovicells, of which the ooecia are formed by either distal autozooids or kenozooids; 5, same, two ooecia formed by the same distal autozooid; 6, growing edge of a colony; note the various stages in the development of the cryptocyst and the tiny pores indicating the position of basal rootlets (paratype 1); 7, autozooids at the growing edge showing almost complete cryptocysts (paratype 2); 8, developing ooecium in autozooid with intramural budding (paratype 1); 9, ancestrula (arrow) and periancestrular zooids (paratype 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA34C67FF46F846FC23F826" blockId="2.[151,1437,1325,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
The autozooids of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FE21F845FE4CF87D" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[416,508,1937,1961]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FE21F845FE4CF87D" box="[416,508,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tend to be more oval (autozooidal length/autozooidal width = 1.37–1.45), while those of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA34C67FF77F861FECAF819" box="[246,378,1973,1997]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA34C67FF77F861FECAF819" box="[246,378,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more elongated (autozooidal length/autozooidal width = 1.54); however, we admit that this difference is negligible and could be connected with the substratum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B6604FFA24C66FF16F9D5FDCAF966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228824/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1525]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA24C66FF16F9D5FDCAF966" blockId="3.[151,1436,1538,1714]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FF16F9D5FE8CF9C3" bold="true" box="[151,316,1538,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">FIGURES 3–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA24C66FEC2F9D5FDAEF9CC" box="[323,542,1538,1560]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FEC2F9D5FDAEF9CC" box="[323,542,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Coronellina atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FDA7F9D4FDC6F9C3" bold="true" box="[550,630,1538,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27357E5FFA24C66FDA7F9D4FDD1F9CC" box="[550,609,1539,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
3
</emphasis>
, Unbleached zooids (holotype);
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FC47F9D5FC63F9C3" bold="true" box="[966,979,1538,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">4</emphasis>
, same, ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids; note the immersed ovicells, of which the ooecia are formed by either distal autozooids or kenozooids;
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FB4DF9F6FB68F9E2" bold="true" box="[1228,1240,1569,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">5</emphasis>
, same, two ooecia formed by the same distal autozooid;
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FD95F997FD90F981" bold="true" box="[532,544,1600,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">6</emphasis>
, growing edge of a colony; note the various stages in the development of the cryptocyst and the tiny pores indicating the position of basal rootlets (paratype 1);
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FC0DF988FC29F9A0" bold="true" box="[908,921,1631,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">7</emphasis>
, autozooids at the growing edge showing almost complete cryptocysts (paratype 2);
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FD86F9AAFDA3F946" bold="true" box="[519,531,1661,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">8</emphasis>
, developing ooecium in autozooid with intramural budding (paratype 1);
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FA98F9AAFA95F946" bold="true" box="[1305,1317,1661,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">9</emphasis>
, ancestrula (arrow) and periancestrular zooids (paratype 3).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA24C66FF46F900FCDEF838" blockId="3.[151,1436,1751,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
Another important difference between the two species is the presence of a pair of opesiules in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA24C66FB74F90FFAFFF924" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[1269,1359,1752,1776]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FB74F90FFAFFF924" box="[1269,1359,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA24C66FF16F92BFE90F8C0" box="[151,288,1788,1812]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FF16F92BFE90F8C0" box="[151,288,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has, in the same position, a pair of large opesiule-like depressions. Also the development of the cryptocyst in newly budded autozooids differs. In both species, the cryptocyst grows from the proximal margin in a distal direction. In
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA24C66FEF2F893FE7FF888" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[371,463,1860,1884]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FEF2F893FE7FF888" box="[371,463,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA24C66FD91F893FD57F888" author="Souto" box="[528,743,1860,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" refString="Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2010 a) Bryozoa from detritic bottoms in the Menorca Channel (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), with notes on the genus Cribellopora. Zootaxa, 2536, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Souto
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA24C66FDDAF892FD3FF888" box="[603,655,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">et al</emphasis>
. 2010a
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11) the growth of the cryptocyst results first in a wide trifoliolate ‘primordial’ opesia, with its proximal rim extending distally in a kind of calcified tongue. This tonguelike lip of calcification finally fuses with two lateral cryptocystal outgrowths, forming the proximal lip of the final opesia, leaving two lateral holes (opesiules) in the cryptocyst. The proximal lip projects slightly, having a pair of lateral notches through which the opercular muscles should pass.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA54C61FF46FF4FFB44FE5C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FF69FF4FFEDFFF64" box="[232,367,152,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FF69FF4FFEDFFF64" box="[232,367,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a median calcified tongue is not formed. Instead, the centripetally growing cryptocyst fuses along the midline of the zooid, temporarily leaving a medial suture (
<figureCitation id="130F2A09FFA54C61FC2FFF6BFC45FF01" box="[942,1013,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1538,1561]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 9. Coronellina atlantica n. sp. 3, Unbleached zooids (holotype); 4, same, ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids; note the immersed ovicells, of which the ooecia are formed by either distal autozooids or kenozooids; 5, same, two ooecia formed by the same distal autozooid; 6, growing edge of a colony; note the various stages in the development of the cryptocyst and the tiny pores indicating the position of basal rootlets (paratype 1); 7, autozooids at the growing edge showing almost complete cryptocysts (paratype 2); 8, developing ooecium in autozooid with intramural budding (paratype 1); 9, ancestrula (arrow) and periancestrular zooids (paratype 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228824/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Further, the growing margin of the cryptocyst forms the proximal edge of the opesia, lacking a medial lip and notches. Proximal to the opesia there are two opesiule-like depressions in the cryptocyst, which become deeper and more conspicuous as calcification advances. However, they never acquire a perforation during cryptocyst formation and cannot constitute opesiules through which parietal muscles pass. We have not been able to study live material, but while in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FB41FE9BFAA8FEB0" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[1216,1304,332,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FB41FE9BFAA8FEB0" box="[1216,1304,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the parietal muscles obviously go through the opesiules, in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FD2AFEA7FC80FE5C" box="[683,816,368,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FD2AFEA7FC80FE5C" box="[683,816,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these must be located within the opesia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA54C61FF46FE43FBC2FCEC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">
Several groups of anascan cheilostomes appear to have independently acquired opesiules (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FA94FE43FA27FE79" author="Cook" box="[1301,1431,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Cook, P. L. (1965) Notes on the Cupuladriidae (Polyzoa, Anasca). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, London, (5), 13, 151 - 187." type="journal article" year="1965">Cook 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FF16FE60FE70FE04" author="Cook" box="[151,448,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Cook, P. L. &amp; Chimonides, P. J. (1985) Recent and fossil Lunulitidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) 3. ' Opesiulate' and other species of Selenaria sensu lato. Journal of Natural History, 19, 285 - 322. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938500770231" type="journal article" year="1985">Cook &amp; Chimonides 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FE4DFE60FD19FE04" author="Cook" box="[460,681,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Cook, P. L. &amp; Bock, P. E. (2001) Calescharidae, a new family for the Tertiary to Recent genera Caleschara MacGillivray and Tretosina Canu &amp; Bassler (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15, 527 - 550." type="journal article" year="2001">Cook &amp; Bock 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FD34FE60FC52FE04" author="Di" box="[693,994,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. (2012) Pyrisinellidae, a new family of anascan cheilostome bryozoans. Zootaxa, 3534, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2012">
<collectingCountry id="F323761CFFA54C61FD34FE60FD61FE04" box="[693,721,439,464]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Di</collectingCountry>
Martino &amp; Taylor 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). It is supposed that in each group there is a tendency to form more complete calcified coverings of the frontal surface through development of the cryptocyst growing in a distal direction. In this case, the presence of parietal muscles attached to the frontal membrane is associated with the formation of the opesiules (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FCE3FDF3FC49FDE8" author="Ristedt" box="[866,1017,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Ristedt, H. (1991) Ancestrula and early astogeny of some anascan Bryozoa: their taxonomic importance and possible phylogenetic implications. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France Memoire HS, 1, 371 - 382." type="journal article" year="1991">Ristedt 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FB88FDF3FAF7FDE8" author="Di" box="[1033,1351,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Di Martino, E. &amp; Taylor, P. D. (2012) Pyrisinellidae, a new family of anascan cheilostome bryozoans. Zootaxa, 3534, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2012">
<collectingCountry id="F323761CFFA54C61FB88FDF3FB95FDE9" box="[1033,1061,548,573]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Di</collectingCountry>
Martino &amp; Taylor 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, opesiulate genera, including
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FE64FD9FFDDBFDB4" ID-CoL="84NWH" box="[485,619,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FE64FD9FFDDBFDB4" box="[485,619,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, must be considered as more derived. It follows that
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FB67FD9FFA81FDB4" ID-CoL="84QJD" box="[1254,1329,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FB67FD9FFA81FDB4" box="[1254,1329,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with no opesiules, is a less-derived genus than
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FDEAFDBBFD41FD50" ID-CoL="84NWH" box="[619,753,620,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FDEAFDBBFD41FD50" box="[619,753,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FC4FFDBBFBE8FD50" box="[974,1112,620,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FC4FFDBBFBE8FD50" box="[974,1112,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">C. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
evolved from a form with opesiules in which parietal muscles were displaced distally. Accordingly, after losing their function the opesiules are in the process of disappearing ontogenetically, persisting as depressions. If this scenario is correct, then the new species described here, while lacking opesiules, is more appropriately placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FBA7FD0FFB1CFD24" ID-CoL="84NWH" box="[1062,1196,728,752]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FBA7FD0FFB1CFD24" box="[1062,1196,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as a more advanced form, and not in less-derived
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FE72FD2BFD8EFCC0" ID-CoL="84QJD" box="[499,574,764,788]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FE72FD2BFD8EFCC0" box="[499,574,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This also implies that, in contrast to the generally accepted evolutionary sequence from non-opesiulate to opesiulate forms, the reverse sequence is also possible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA54C61FF46FC93FE00FBE1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">
Whatever the case, we assume that, taking into account the characters shared by
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FBDCFC93FB53FC88" ID-CoL="84NWH" box="[1117,1251,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FBDCFC93FB53FC88" box="[1117,1251,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FA9DFC93FAD7FC88" ID-CoL="84QJD" box="[1308,1383,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FA9DFC93FAD7FC88" box="[1308,1383,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) both genera are closely related. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FD5CFCBFFCD3FC54" ID-CoL="84NWH" box="[733,867,872,896]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FD5CFCBFFCD3FC54" box="[733,867,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently included in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FB7EFCB0FA2CFC54" ID-CoL="84K8K" box="[1279,1436,871,896]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calescharidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Calescharidae</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FF51FC5BFEDCFC70" author="Gordon" box="[208,364,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Gordon, D. P. (2011) Genera and subgenera of Cheilostomata - Working list for Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Version of September 2011. [Unpublished, available from author.]" type="book chapter" year="2011">Gordon 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FEFCFC5BFD2EFC70" author="Bock" box="[381,670,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Bock, P. &amp; Hayward, P. J. (2013 a) Calescharidae Cook &amp; Bock, 2001. WoRMS Editorial Board (2013) World List of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 110732 (accessed 1 September 2013)" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Bock &amp; Hayward 2013a</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FD66FC5BFC82FC70" ID-CoL="84QJD" box="[743,818,908,932]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FD66FC5BFC82FC70" box="[743,818,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FCE1FC5BFC4CFC71" ID-CoL="84KHY" box="[864,1020,908,933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Microporidae</taxonomicName>
. Both families include genera with opesiules. Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FE2AFC78FDF8FC1C" ID-CoL="84K8K" box="[427,584,943,968]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calescharidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Calescharidae</taxonomicName>
has very large endozooidal, cleithral ovicells (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FBCEFC78FA9EFC1C" author="Cook" box="[1103,1326,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Cook, P. L. &amp; Bock, P. E. (2001) Calescharidae, a new family for the Tertiary to Recent genera Caleschara MacGillivray and Tretosina Canu &amp; Bassler (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15, 527 - 550." type="journal article" year="2001">Cook &amp; Bock 2001</bibRefCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FF37FC03FEFEFC39" ID-CoL="84KHY" box="[182,334,980,1005]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Microporidae</taxonomicName>
ovicells are hyperstomial or immersed, acleithral, or absent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FB92FC03FB1EFC38" author="Gordon" box="[1043,1198,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Gordon, D. P. (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 91, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1984">Gordon 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FB3CFC03FF62FBC4" author="Hayward" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Hayward, P. J. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s. (2 nd Edition), 10, 1 - 366." type="journal article" year="1998">Hayward &amp; Ryland 1998</bibRefCitation>
; Ostrovsky 2013). The ovicell of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FDC6FC2FFD7DFBC4" ID-CoL="84NWH" box="[583,717,1016,1040]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FDC6FC2FFD7DFBC4" box="[583,717,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the same structure as
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FC6CFC2FFB88FBC4" ID-CoL="84QJD" box="[1005,1080,1016,1040]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Mollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FC6CFC2FFB88FBC4" box="[1005,1080,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Mollia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so we believe that it belongs to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FE91FBCBFE1CFBE1" ID-CoL="84KHY" box="[272,428,1052,1077]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Microporidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B368CFFA54C61FF46FB97FA32FB74" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FF46FB97FE3DFB8C" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[199,397,1088,1112]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FF46FB97FE3DFB8C" box="[199,397,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Coronellina fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in the Mediterranean, but it was also reported from the Canary Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B7DFFA54C61FAB3FBE8FEA0FBA8" author="Aristegui" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" refString="Aristegui Ruiz, J. (1984) Briozoos Quilostomados (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) de Canarias: Estudio sistematico, faunistico y biogeografico. Ph. D. thesis. Universidad de La Laguna, Spain, 524 pp." type="book" year="1984">Arístegui Ruiz 1984</bibRefCitation>
). However, this record must be checked, as the measurements given far exceed those of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FA80FBB3FAEBFBA8" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[1281,1371,1124,1148]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FA80FBB3FAEBFBA8" box="[1281,1371,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This may indicate that the size of the species is widely variable or perhaps that
<taxonomicName id="4C344D0FFFA54C61FC54FB5FFB9EFB74" ID-CoL="YH5V" box="[981,1070,1160,1184]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Coronellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B940EA9EFFA54C61FC54FB5FFB9EFB74" box="[981,1070,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">C. fagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually a species complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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